10 Landscape and Visual
10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 This Chapter presents an assessment of the effect of the Proposed Scheme. In particular it considers the potential effects of the Scheme on local landscape character, viewpoints and notable features which have been identified through initial scoping studies and site visits. The chapter considers effects during both the construction and operational phases of the scheme. 10.1.2 This Chapter (and its associated figures and appendices) is not intended to be read as a standalone assessment and reference should be made to the Front End of this ES (Chapters 1 –6), as well as Chapter 19 - Cumulative Effects. Reference should also be made to Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Chapter 12 - Biodiversity, and Chapter 14 - Lighting for information on existing heritage and ecological receptors and lighting within the Site and in the surrounding area and the effects of the Proposed Scheme on these receptors. A copy of the Tree survey and Arboricultural Implications Assessment is provided in Appendix 10.1.
10.2 Legislation, Policy and Guidance
Legislative Framework 10.2.1 The applicable legislative framework is summarised as follows: Ŷ European Landscape Convention (ELC, 2000) (Ref. 10.1); and Ŷ The Character of England Map (former Countryside Commission and English Nature, 1996) Directives, Acts, Regulations and Orders (Ref. 10.2).
Planning Policy 10.2.2 Planning policy at the national and local level and its relevance to environmental design and assessment is discussed in Chapter 6 – Planning Policy Context. A summary of planning policy in relation to Landscape and Visual Amenity issues is outlined below.
National Planning Policy Framework 10.2.3 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (Ref. 10.3) was published on 27 March 2012 and is a key part of the reforms to make the planning system less complex and more accessible, to protect the environment and to promote sustainable growth. There is an overarching presumption in favour of sustainable development that should be the basis of every plan and every decision. 10.2.4 The NPPF consolidates all of the previous Planning Policy Statements (PPSs) and Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPGs) into one document. The following paragraphs/policies are considered relevant to this chapter: Ŷ Section 11 states that the planning system should aim to conserve and enhance the natural and local environment in part through the protection of valued landscapes. Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) should therefore, ‘set criteria based policies against which proposals for any development on or affecting protected wildlife or geodiversity sites or landscape areas will be judged’ (Section 11, Paragraph 113, pp26); Ŷ LPAs should, ‘set out a strategic approach in their Local Plans, planning positively for the creation, protection, enhancement and management of networks of biodiversity and green
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infrastructure’ (Section 11, Paragraph 114, pp26). Strategic priorities should also include policies to conserve and enhance landscapes; Ŷ The NPPF identifies that impacts of climate change should be considered in terms of changes to biodiversity and landscape and that ‘great weight’ should be given to, ‘conserving landscape and scenic beauty in National Parks, the Broads and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, which have the highest status of protection in relation to landscape and scenic beauty’ (Section 11, Paragraph 115, pp26); Ŷ In relation to heritage assets and townscape, the Government’s objective is for Local Authorities to create policies that promote conservation and enjoyment of the historic environment, taking into account, ‘the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness; and opportunities to draw on the contribution made by the historic environment to the character of a place’ (Section 12, Paragraph 126, pp30); and Ŷ In determining applications, the NPPF states that LPAs should, ‘require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting’ (Section 12, Paragraph 128, pp30) and, ‘where appropriate, landscape character assessments should also be prepared, integrated with assessment of historic landscape character, and for areas where there are major expansion options assessments of landscape sensitivity’ (‘Plan Making’ Section, Paragraph 170, pp41). Ŷ Policy on the protection of Greenbelt land is identified in Section 9 Paragraphs 79 – 81 which identifies the key aim of the Green Belt as being the prevention of urban sprawl. They are characterised by their openness and permanence and serve five main purposes: x 'to check the unrestricted sprawl of large built-up areas; x to prevent neighbouring towns merging into one another; x to assist in safeguarding the countryside from encroachment; x to preserve the setting and special character of historic towns; and x to assist in urban regeneration, by encouraging the recycling of derelict and other urban land'. 10.2.5 The policy seeks to encourage public access, outdoor sport and recreation; the retention and enhancement of landscapes, visual amenity and biodiversity; and to improve damaged and derelict land.
National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) 10.2.6 The National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) (Ref. 10.4) was published in March 2014 and formally revoked more than 150 planning guidance documents. The NPPG provides revised and updated planning practice guidance to make planning policy and the NPPF, more accessible The key guidance provided in the NPPG in relation to this chapter include the following: Ŷ NPPG Guidance Section: Natural Environment – Landscape. Paragraph: 001 Reference ID: 8- 001-20140306. This section states that, 'One of the core principles in the National Planning Policy Framework is that planning should recognise the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside. Local plans should include strategic policies for the conservation and enhancement of the natural environment, including landscape. This includes designated landscapes but also the wider countryside.'
Local Plan or Local Development Framework 10.2.7 For the purpose of assessing the planning policy position in respect of the Proposed Development, the Development Plan comprises: Ŷ Daventry Local Plan (adopted 2010) – saved policies (Ref. 10.5); and Ŷ South Northamptonshire Local Plan (2007) – saved policies (Ref. 10.6).
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Daventry Local Plan (adopted 2010) – saved policies 10.2.8 The key saved policies within the Daventry Local Plan (Ref. 10.5) in relation to this Chapter are outlined below: Ŷ Policy EN1 Special Landscape Areas. In areas designated as Special Landscape Areas (SLAs) due to their special environmental qualities, planning permission will be granted subject to a number of restrictions including, 'It comprises agricultural, forestry, recreation or Tourism development; or It relates to settlements within these areas; or…It does not adversely affect the character of the Local landscape'; and Ŷ Policy EN2 Conservation Areas seeks to ensure that development 'preserves or enhances the character of the area'. It also states that, '…development should not intrude into the setting of important buildings'. The policy goes on to encourage the use of appropriate materials, detailing and architectural character for any proposed built form.
South Northamptonshire Local Plan (2007) – saved policies 10.2.9 The key policies within the South Northamptonshire Local Plan (Ref. 10.6) are outlined below: Ŷ Policy EN7 Special Landscape Areas. In areas designated as Special Landscape Areas (SLAs), planning permission will only be granted for development, 'which will not have a detrimental impact on their character and appearance. Particular attention must be paid to design, materials, siting of buildings and the use of land'; Ŷ Policy EN19 Trees and Woodlands states that, 'A proposal for tree felling or pruning will generally not be permitted to a tree in a conservation area or to a tree the subject of a tree preservation order except where the proposal is justified in the interests of good arboricultural practice or other clear environmental benefit'; Ŷ Policy EN21 Hedgerows, Ponds and Other Landscape Features seeks to protect these features, identifying that 'Development proposals will be expected to retain wherever possible, or failing that to replace, trees, hedgerows, ponds or other landscape features where they make an important contribution to the character of the area'; and Ŷ Policy EN25 Wildlife Corridors, Rivers and Waterways states that, 'The council will not permit development that would adversely affect the nature conservation, landscape or wildlife value of dismantled railways or waterways and watercourses'.
Guidance 10.2.10 The assessment of landscape and visual effects has been based on the following good practice guidelines: Ŷ Interim Advice Note 135/10 Landscape and Visual Effects Assessment. The Highways Agency (2010). (Ref. 10.7); Ŷ Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA) 3rd Edition. The Landscape Institute with the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment, 2013 (Ref. 10.8); and Ŷ Landscape Character Assessment Guidance for England and Scotland. The Countryside Agency and Scottish National Heritage, 2002 (Ref. 10.9).
10.3 Assessment Methodology and Significance Criteria
Scope of the Assessment 10.3.1 An Environmental Scoping Report was submitted to Northamptonshire County Council (NCC) in April 2014. This section provides an update on the scope of the assessment.
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Insignificant effects 10.3.2 Insignificant effects include the following: Ŷ Changes to statutory designated landscapes over 2km from the Site. This is due to their settings and views generally contained by topography and vegetation. 10.3.3 Changes to the setting of Listed Buildings are considered within Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, although views from some heritage assets are also included within the visual assessment section of this Chapter.
Potentially Significant Effects - site preparation, earthworks and construction phase 10.3.4 Where the Proposed Scheme cuts through existing woodland and open fields, the local character will alter from vegetation and green open space to built form with traffic movements and increased noise. At construction, the removal of trees, stockpiling, plant and machinery will have an effect on the tranquillity, character and visual quality of the Site. The works will be visible from surrounding Public Rights of Way (PRoWs) and residential areas and the construction activities may alter the local character of the Site and the local topography. The following are anticipated to be the key effects at construction: Ŷ Changes to existing Site topography and drainage due to earthworks; Ŷ Change in quantum or size of existing Site vegetation, including trees; Ŷ Change in character of existing PRoW within the Site; Ŷ Change in character of existing PRoW within the wider PROW network; Ŷ Changes to the character and setting of Brockhall Registered Park and Garden, Conservation Area and Listed Buildings contained therein; Ŷ Changes to the character and setting of Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI; Ŷ Changes to the character of Character Area 13b: Bugbrooke and Daventry; Ŷ Changes to the character of Character Area 13c: Long Buckby; Ŷ Changes to the character of Character Area 18a: The Nene - Long Buckby to Weedon Bec; Ŷ Changes to the character of Character Area 18b: The Nene - Weedon Bec to Duston Mill; and Ŷ Changes in Visual Amenity. 10.3.5 Consideration of changes in views for surrounding visual receptors includes views from designated heritage assets such as Listed Buildings, Scheduled Monuments and Conservation Areas. 10.3.6 In addition to the above, the following are also considered as part of the construction effects, as requested in the Scoping Response from English Heritage (see Appendix 2.2): Ŷ Change in character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area. 10.3.7 To avoid confusion, changes in the setting of surrounding Listed Buildings are considered within Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage and within the Heritage Statement (Appendix 11.5) although views from a number of heritage assets are considered within the visual assessment section of this chapter to inform Chapter 11.
Potentially significant effects - operational phase 10.3.8 During operation the link road may also impact upon local landscape character, the setting of built heritage assets and on visual amenity. Although no vegetation will be removed during Operation, any new planting will mature over time and will therefore have the potential to further affect views. The operation of the road, with traffic (including headlights at night), signage and lighting around the roundabouts will have an effect on the tranquillity, character and visual quality of the existing Site. The
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road may be visible from the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area, surrounding PRoW, and residential areas thereby permanently affecting local visual amenity. The following are anticipated to be the key effects at operation: Ŷ Change in quantum or size of Site vegetation, including trees; Ŷ Changes to the character and setting of Brockhall Registered Park and Garden, Conservation Area and Listed Buildings contained therein; Ŷ Changes to the character and setting of Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI; and Ŷ Changes in Visual Amenity. 10.3.9 In addition to the above, the following are also considered as part of the operational effects: Ŷ Change in Landscape Character Areas (to be in line with construction effects considered i.e. changes in character of Character Area 13b, 13c, 18a and 18b); Ŷ Change in character of existing PRoW and views there from (to be in line with construction effects considered i.e. Change in Character of existing PRoW - within the Site and within the wider PRoW network); and Ŷ Change in character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area (as requested in the Scoping Response, Appendix 2.2). 10.3.10 Consideration of changes in views for surrounding visual receptors includes views from designated heritage assets including Listed Buildings and Scheduled Monuments. 10.3.11 To avoid confusion, changes in the setting of surrounding Listed Buildings are considered within Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage and within the Heritage Statement (Appendix 11.5) although views from a number of heritage assets are considered within the visual assessment section of this chapter to inform Chapter 11. 10.3.12 Potential neutral or beneficial effects on views may occur if areas of poor quality landscape are screened. Potentially negative effects may be created if existing good quality views are interrupted by poor quality design or materials or if the skyline becomes impinged by built form such as lighting columns or signage which did not previously exist to interrupt the skyline or the view. Negative effects may also be created where there is increased artificial lighting in the night-time scene. 10.3.13 The effects of the Proposed Scheme on statutory and non-statutory designated heritage assets such as Listed Buildings are covered within Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. The Landscape and Visual Chapter considers such assets in terms of their contribution to current landscape character and visual amenity.
Extent of the Study Area 10.3.14 The study area for the purpose of the landscape and visual assessment has been defined as the furthest extent from where elements of the Proposed Scheme are predicted to be visible (from a height of approximately 1.5m (eye level) above the ground based on building locations and heights, topography and landscape features. This is known as the visual envelope or Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) and is identified through desk-based review of Ordnance Survey (OS) maps and Site visits. For the purposes of this assessment the following search areas have been used for landscape receptors: Ŷ World Heritage Sites, National Parks and AONBs – 5km radius from Site; Ŷ Registered Parks and Gardens – 2km radius from the Site; Ŷ Scheduled Monuments (SMs) and Listed Buildings – 1km radius from the Site; Ŷ Conservation Areas – 1km radius from the Site; Ŷ Special Landscape Areas (SLAs) – 1km radius from the Site; and
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Ŷ Long distance paths and trails - 1km radius from the Site.
Consultation Undertaken to Date 10.3.15 Table 10.1 provides a summary of the consultation activities undertaken in support of the preparation of this Chapter.
Table 10.1: Summary of Consultation Undertaken to Date
Individual / s at Meeting dates and other forms of Body / organisation Summary of outcome of discussions body/organisation consultation
Letter submitted on 12 May 2014 via Northamptonshire Phil Watson, Planning e-mail to outline proposed viewpoint No response received. County Council Officer locations and request comments.
Response to Scoping included a comment from Tina Cuss that she would shortly make a Northamptonshire Tina Cuss, Senior Scoping letter response, 21 May separate detailed comment of the suggested County Council Environmental Planner 2014 representative viewpoints that were provided. No further comment received, so the viewpoint letter was submitted again.
Letter submitted on 24 June 2014 via e-mail to reiterate proposed Northamptonshire Tina Cuss, Senior viewpoint locations and request No response received. County Council Environmental Planner receipt of comments promised in the Scoping response.
Response to Scoping included a request to Ian Dickinson, Area Scoping letter response, 21 May inlcude the Grand Union Canal as a receptor, Canal and River trust Planner (East and West 2014 and that views from the canal and towpath are Midlands) considered and assessed. Views from the Canal and towpath have therefore been included. Residents who live the closest to the proposed Scoping letter response, 20 May Link Road (Brockhall Road/ The Crescent) are Flore Parish Council Sue Halkett 2014 worried about views. Views from these locations have therefore been included.
Method of Baseline Data Collation
Desk Study 10.3.16 A desk based review of existing information including planning policy documents, character assessments, aerial photographs and Ordnance Survey data was undertaken in order to determine the current features and designations of the landscape within and surrounding the Site. The baseline assessment involved a review of the following material: Ŷ Ordnance Survey maps at 1:15000, 1: 25000 and 1:10000 scales; Ŷ Aerial photographs of the Site and surrounding area; Ŷ Historic Mapping; Ŷ On-line dataset of heritage features, including the Heritage Gateway website (Ref. 10.10); Ŷ Relevant Planning Policy and proposal maps; Ŷ National and regional scale character Assessments; and Ŷ Multi Agency Geographical Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) and Natural England Landscape Datasets (Website) (Ref. 10.11).
Site Visit 10.3.17 Site visits were undertaken on 22 October 2013, 24 May 2014 and 16 July 2014. Weather conditions were reasonable to good and visibility was considered to be good to excellent. The Site and Study
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Area were visually assessed and a series of 22 viewpoints from identified sensitive receptors were determined (Figure 10.3). These viewpoints have been agreed with the Local Authority, as outlined in Table 10.1. Photographs from each viewpoint were taken across the view, with the photographs subsequently stitched together using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software to create a panorama.
Landscape Character Areas – assessment method 10.3.18 Landscape is characterised by dividing the study area into geographical areas which have readily identifiable characteristics in common. These characteristics may include topography; other natural characteristics such as waterways; patterns of land use; urban grain; and building form. Where there are major elements of infrastructure such as roads and railways, these often serve to divide one area from another. The division of an area into landscape character areas is carried out by a combination of professional judgement and common sense based on Site visits and the review of relevant documents, notably character area appraisals.
Visual Assessment methodology 10.3.19 The visual assessment section of this chapter describes key potential visual receptors which may result from the Proposed Scheme once in operation. The assessment describes the extent to which the Scheme would affect the visual amenity afforded residents, visitors and users of the landscape within the study area. 10.3.20 To help determine effects on visual amenity, a series of key representative viewpoints were chosen i.e. areas within the visual envelope from where it may be possible to see an aspect of the Proposed Scheme from publicly accessible viewpoints, such as locations of particular sensitivity (e.g. an AONB) and public open spaces and paths, including highways and PRoW. 10.3.21 A list of selected view locations was therefore determined with the aim of providing a broad range of viewpoints from all points of the compass. The view locations have been agreed with NCC.
Stages in the Project Lifecycle 10.3.22 The size (or scale) of each potential effect has been determined as a predicted deviation from the baseline conditions during the following timescales (see IAN 135/10 Annex 1 paragraph 3.5 pp23) (Ref. 10.7): Ŷ Construction Phase; Ŷ Operational Phase (Year 1 of opening, winter, to represent a maximum effect situation, before any planted mitigation can take effect, taking account of the completed project and the traffic using it); and Ŷ Operational Phase (Year 15 after opening, summer, to represent a least effect scenario, where any planted mitigation measures can be expected to be reasonably effective, taking account of the completed project and the traffic using it).
Duration of effects 10.3.23 Through the assessment of effects at these three points in time, distinctions may be drawn between temporary, permanent, long-term and short-term effects. The timescale of effects are determined as either: Ŷ Temporary/ short term - lasting up to 1 year or during construction if the construction period exceeds one year; Ŷ Short/ medium term - lasting 1 to 5 years, during which time new planting will have little significant effect in most cases; Ŷ Medium/ long term - lasting 5 to 15 years, when planted mitigation will begin to take increasing effect; and
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Ŷ Long term – lasting beyond 15 years.
Significance criteria 10.3.24 This chapter seeks to describe the existing landscape and visual resource associated with the Proposed Scheme in order to evaluate its landscape and visual effects. The DMRB guidance regarding landscape and visual assessment is outlined in IAN 135/10 (Ref. 10.7). 10.3.25 The assessment of landscape and visual effects are separate but linked procedures. In terms of landscape effects, IAN 135/10 notes that, ‘the landscape is considered as an environmental resource’ and references the GLVIA (Ref. 10.8) paragraph 2.14 which states that landscape effects are derived, ‘from changes in the physical landscape, which may give rise to changes in its character and how this is experienced. This may in turn affect the perceived value ascribed to the landscape’. 10.3.26 In contrast, visual effects ‘relate to the changes that arise in the composition of available views as a result of changes to the landscape, to people’s responses to the changes, and to the overall effects with respect to visual amenity’ (GLVIA para 2.15). 10.3.27 The assessment carried out during the preparation of this chapter constitutes a Detailed Assessment in terms of the categories set out in IAN 135/10 and has taken into account both the Site preparation, earthworks, construction and operational phases. The significance level attributed to each effect has been assessed based on the magnitude of change due to the Proposed Scheme and the sensitivity of the affected receptor/ receiving environment to change, as well as a number of other factors that are outlined in more detail in Chapter 2 - Approach to the Assessment. The sensitivity of landscape receptors is shown in Table 10.2 below along with the sensitivity of visual receptors in Table 10.3. The magnitude of change for landscape and visual receptors is outlined in Table 10.4 below.
Table 10.2: Criteria used to determine Landscape sensitivity to change
Low Moderate High
Landscapes which by nature of their Landscapes which by nature of their character Landscapes which by nature of their character would be able to partly would be unable to accommodate change of character would be able to accommodate accommodate change of the type proposed. the type proposed. Typically these would be: change of the type proposed. Typically Typically these would be: these would be: Ŷ Of high quality with distinctive elements Ŷ Comprised of commonplace elements and features making a positive contribution Ŷ Comprised of some features and and features creating generally to character and sense of place. elements that are discordant, derelict or unremarkable character but with some in decline, resulting in indistinct character sense of place. Ŷ Likely to be designated, but the aspects with little or no sense of place. which underpin such value may also be Ŷ Locally designated, or their value may be present outside designated areas, Ŷ Not designated. expressed through non-statutory local especially at the local scale. publications. Ŷ Containing few, if any, features of value Ŷ Areas of special recognised value through through use, perception or historic and Ŷ Containing some features of value use, perception or historic and cultural cultural associations. through use, perception or historic and associations. cultural associations. Ŷ Likely to contain few, if any, features and Ŷ Likely to contain features and elements elements that could not be replaced. Ŷ Likely to contain some features and that are rare and could not be replaced. elements that could not be replaced
Source: IAN 135/ 10 (Ref. 10.7)
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Table 10.3: Criteria used to determine visual receptor sensitivity to change
Low Moderate High
Ŷ Indoor workers Ŷ Residential properties. Ŷ Outdoor workers Ŷ Users of main roads (e.g. trunk roads) Ŷ Users of Public Rights of Way or other or passengers in public transport on Ŷ Users of scenic roads, railways or recreational trails (e.g. National Trails, main arterial routes. waterways or users of designated footpaths, bridleways etc.). tourist routes. Ŷ Users of recreational facilities where Ŷ Users of recreational facilities where the the purpose of that recreation is not Ŷ Schools and other institutional purpose of that recreation is enjoyment of related to the view (e.g. sports buildings, and their outdoor areas. the countryside (e.g. Country Parks, facilities). National Trust or other access land etc.).
Source: IAN 135/ 10 (Ref. 10.7) 10.3.28 The magnitude of change depends upon a combination of factors, such as the size of change, the nature of change and the visibility of the change to receptors, as summarised in the Table 10.4 below.
Table 10.4: Criteria used to determine the magnitude of change
No Change Negligible Minor Moderate Major
Large scale loss/ Barely noticeable loss/ Slight loss/ damage Partial or noticeable damage (negative) or damage (negative) or (negative) or loss/ damage No noticeable improvement (positive) improvement (positive) to improvement (positive) (negative) or loss, damage or to existing character or existing character or to existing character or improvement (positive) Landscape alteration to distinctive features and features and elements, features and elements of landscape character Assessment character or elements, and/ or the and/ or the addition or and/ or the addition or and/ or the addition or features or addition or removal of removal of removal of removal of elements uncharacteristic uncharacteristic features uncharacteristic features uncharacteristic conspicuous features and elements. and elements. features and elements. and elements.
Only a very small part of The project, or a part of Proposed No part of the the project would be it, would be perceptible Development occupies The project, or a part of project, or work discernible, or it is at such Visual but not alter the overall much of the view and it, would become the or activity a distance that it would Assessment balance of features and may even obstruct a dominant feature or associated with form a barely noticeable elements that comprise portion of the view/ focal point of the view it, is discernible feature or element of the the existing view. landscape. view.
Source: Adapted from IAN 135/10 (Ref. 10.7)
Effect significance 10.3.29 The combined sensitivity and magnitude are used to determine effect significance as is summarised within Table 10.5 below.
Table 10.5: Matrix for determining significance of Landscape and Visual effects (combined effect of sensitivity and magnitude)
Magnitude of Change
No Change Negligible Minor Moderate Major
e High Neutral Slight (negative or Slight/ Moderate Moderate/ Large Large/ Very Large g
n positive) (negative or positive) (negative or positive) (negative or positive) a h C
o
t Moderate Neutral Neutral/ Slight Slight (negative or Moderate (negative Moderate/ Large
y
t (negative or positive) positive) or positive) (negative or positive) i v i t i s Low Neutral Neutral/ Slight Neutral/ Slight Slight (negative or Slight/ Moderate n e (negative or positive) (negative or positive) positive) (negative or positive) S
Source: Adapted from IAN 135/10 (Ref. 10.7)
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10.4 Sensitive Receptors 10.4.1 The following are considered to be the main sensitive receptors which will be assessed in the remainder of this Chapter (the settings of Listed Buildings are assessed in Chapter 11, although viewpoints from some Listed Buildings are included within the visual assessment section of this Chapter): Ŷ Site topography; Ŷ Landscape character areas within and surrounding the site; Ŷ Site landscape features and character, including existing vegetation and trees; Ŷ The setting and character of Brockhall Park Registered Park and Garden (incorporating Brockhall Conservation Area and listed buildings therein); Ŷ The character of and views from the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area; Ŷ The setting and character of Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI; Ŷ Users of and views from surrounding PRoW, including Borough Hill Scheduled Monument; Ŷ Views from residential receptors adjacent to the route; and Ŷ Views from users of and residents along the adjacent highways including A5, A45, M1, Brockhall Lane, The Crescent, Sears Close, and Hillside Road.
10.5 Baseline Conditions
Overview of the site 10.5.1 The Site is located on predominantly Greenfield land to the north of the villages of Weedon Bec and Flore in Northamptonshire. 10.5.2 The Site consists primarily of agricultural fields, with Weedon Bec, Flore, Dodford and Upper Heyford the key settlements located adjacent to the proposed route. The M1 motorway is located to the east and the A5 is located to the west of the Site and the Grand Union Canal and West Coast Mainline Railway cut through the westerns section of the Site.
Topography and drainage 10.5.3 The Site is located at a level of around 115m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) at the western extent of the proposed route on the A45, declining to the east as it crosses the Whilton Brook (River Nene) and its tributaries where it reaches a level of around 80m AOD. The land then rises as the Proposed Scheme runs north-eastwards out of the river valley towards the M1 motorway to a height of around 105m AOD. The Proposed Scheme then follows the M1 motorway to the south-east, gently falling to a level of around 80m AOD where it connects close to the A45 / A4500 roundabout over the M1 motorway. 10.5.4 The general area around the Site is dominated by the River Nene which runs approximately west to east passing through Weedon Bec and to the south of Flore, and the Grand Union Canal which runs north-west to south-east through Weedon Bec to the south of Flore towards Nether Heyford. The Site crosses both the canal and the Whilton Branch / Brook (a main river tributary of the River Nene) towards the eastern extent of the Site. The Site also crosses an unnamed stream rising from a spring in the central area of the Proposed Scheme. 10.5.5 A review of implications of the Proposed Scheme on these water courses from an ecological perspective is outlined in Chapter 12 - Biodiversity, with the hydrological implications outlined in Chapter 15 - Flood Risk, Hydrology and Water Resources.
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Vegetation within the Site 10.5.6 There are no designated areas of ancient woodland located within the Site or within 500m of the centre of the Site. 10.5.7 There are no Tree Preservation Orders (TPOs) or Tree Preservation Area designations within the Site or immediately adjacent, identified through Daventry District Council’s Web Mapping service. 10.5.8 There are, however, a variety of vegetation types present within the Site, including the following identified within the Extended Phase I Habitat survey (Appendix 12.1): Ŷ Deciduous broad-leaved woodland; Ŷ Scrub (dense and scattered); Ŷ Grassland (including Improved; Marshy; Coarse; and Tall ruderal); Ŷ Water (standing and running, including wet ditches); Ŷ Arable; Ŷ Hedgerows (including native species poor with and without trees; native species rich; and defunct native species poor); Ŷ Line of Trees; Ŷ Dry ditch; and Ŷ Buildings, hardstanding and bare ground. 10.5.9 The overall sensitivity of the existing trees and vegetation within the Site is therefore considered to be moderate, as the trees and hedgerows contribute to visual amenity and local character, but the majority of vegetation is improved grassland, arable and species-poor hedgerow and therefore they are in part replaceable. 10.5.10 The Site itself is comprised almost entirely of intensively managed agricultural farmland. Arable crops dominate, with areas also given over to improved grassland for livestock grazing. 10.5.11 The arable cultivation over some of the Site has resulted in large field sizes with correspondingly few hedgerows. This intensive landscape management means that there is limited space available for semi-natural habitats, and few have survived. 10.5.12 A detailed review of vegetation within the Site is outlined in the Extended Phase I Habitat survey (see Appendix 12.1) but the majority of the vegetation within the Site comprises improved agricultural grassland. Tree Survey 10.5.13 A tree survey to BS 5837:2012 ‘Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction- Recommendations’ (Ref 10.12 and Appendix 10.1) was undertaken in April 2014 by E M Pell & Partners LTD which identified some 562 individual trees within the Site and 7 groups of trees. 10.5.14 Of the trees surveyed, a total of 24 were identified as being within Category 'A' (those of high quality and value); 166 were identified as being within Category B (those of moderate quality and value); 293 were identified as being within Category C (those of low quality); and 33 were identified as being within Category U (those in such a condition that any existing value would be lost within 10 years and which should in the current context, be removed for reasons of sound arboricultural management). 10.5.15 Almost half of the Category B trees (82 out of 166) were identified as being within subdivision B.2 'Mainly Landscape Value' where the trees are 'present in numbers, usually as groups or woodlands, such that they attract a higher collective rating than they might as individuals; or trees occurring as collectives but situated so as to make little visual contribution to the wider locality' (Ref 10.12 and Appendix 10.1 Page 12).
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10.5.16 The survey identified approximately 147 trees (approximately 25%) that would be lost (T53-127, T131, T132, T138-174, T209, T220, T221, T223, T230, T231, T232, T234-T238, T243, T298-T305, T323, T326, T327, T329-332, T349, T354, T448, T456-462), and 2 groups of trees (Group 455 and Group 463) that would be lost as part of the construction works, of which none are identified as Category A. Of the trees likely to be lost as part of the construction works, 53 are category B and 30 are Category U with the remainder (64) being Category C. 10.5.17 The results and analysis of the Tree Survey is outlined in Appendix 10.1.
Registered Parks and Gardens 10.5.18 There is one Grade II registered park and garden located within 2km of the Site, namely Brockhall Park, located some 740m to the north of the Site. Brockhall Park in its present form dates from about 1800. A hall was re-built on the site in 1607 and extensive formal gardens were laid out in the 1720s and 1730s. The park was laid out around 1800, possibly with the advice of John Webb, to replace the formal gardens created in the 1720s. 10.5.19 The Hall stands towards the top of the east side of the valley of the River Nene, the site offering views out west across the valley over the parkland which falls quite steeply from the south-west front. The park shares its valley with the M1 motorway which forms the boundary of the registered area (historically the park extended further west). It causes significant visual, but more so audible, intrusion. Elsewhere the 54ha site adjoins the neighbouring fields1. 10.5.20 Further information on Brockhall Park is outlined in Chapter 11 - Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Chapter 11 identifies Brockhall Park as being of moderate sensitivity.
Conservation Areas 10.5.21 There is one Conservation Area which is situated within the Site itself, namely the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area, which passes through the western end of the Site and follows the route of the Grand Union Canal. The character of the Conservation area is one of an 18th Century, man-made linear canal with a towpath on one side and accompanying infrastructure, access and buildings on the other, including pubs, cottages, bridges, locks and service areas such as wharfs and marinas. Although the canal passes through a variety of different environments, the character of the conservation area itself seldom changes significantly. Chapter 11 identifies the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area as being of moderate sensitivity. 10.5.22 As outlined in Chapter 11, there is one further Conservation Area located within approximately 1km of the Site boundary, namely Brockhall Conservation Area located approximately 740m to the north of the Site. It encompasses both Brockhall listed buildings and Brockhall Park Registered Park and Garden and will therefore be considered as one entity (under Brockhall Park Registered Park and Garden) for the remainder of this Chapter. An additional four Conservation Areas are located between 1 and 2km from the Site but were not identified as significant within Chapter 11 and are therefore not considered further within this Chapter.
Listed Buildings 10.5.23 There are no Listed Buildings within or immediately adjacent to the Site but Chapter 11 identifies a number of listed buildings within the study area. There is one Grade I Listed Building within 1km of the Site, namely the Church of St. Mary the Virgin in Dodford situated approximately 915m west of the Site boundary. There are also 27 Grade II* Listed Buildings located within 1km of the Site, including the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in Nether Heyford, situated circa 700m from the Site Boundary and the Grade II* Listed Buildings associated with the Former Weedon Barracks, the closest of which
1 http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1001383
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is situated 500m to the south of the Site boundary. In addition, there are 59 Grade II Listed Buildings within 1km of the Site, the closest of which is Hill Farmhouse Grade II Listed Building approximately 70m to the south of the Site boundary in the village of Upper Heyford. Further details in relation to the Listed Buildings are provided in the Heritage Statement (Appendix 11.5). 10.5.24 The listed buildings are principally concentrated within the Former Weedon Barracks to the south- west of the Site, and within the settlements of Dodford, Flore and Upper Heyford. Identification and assessment of the settings of listed buildings are provided in Chapter 11.
Scheduled Monuments 10.5.25 There are no Scheduled Monuments within or immediately adjacent to the Site or within 2km of the Site. However, due to the nature of the existing topography, it is considered that there may be inter- visibility between the Site and Borough Hill Scheduled Monument, which is situated approximately 3km to the north-west of the Site boundary. Views from Borough Hill Scheduled Monument are therefore included within the visual effects section of this Chapter and to inform Chapter 11. Consideration of the setting of Borough Hill Scheduled Monument is included within Chapter 11. 10.5.26 The locations of the Scheduled Monuments and other designated heritage assets in the local area are shown on Figure 10.1.
Landscape features and Designations within the Site and Wider Landscape
Ancient Woodland 10.5.27 There is one area of Ancient Woodland located within 1km of the Site. This is located approximately 660m to the north of the Site boundary and is situated within a larger block of woodland. It is a linear strip of Ancient and Semi-Natural Woodland approximately 1.05ha in size. The Proposed Scheme is not anticipated to affect its setting, given its location with trees, and will therefore not be considered further within this Chapter.
Public Rights of Way (PRoW) 10.5.28 There are number of PRoW both within, adjacent and near to the Site. Paths which directly cross through or above the Site include the following: Ŷ Footpath EU1; Ŷ Footpath EU7; and Ŷ Bridleway EU14. 10.5.29 In addition to designated PRoW there are also some long-distance paths and trails within, adjacent and near to the Site, most of which utilise existing PRoW, as follows: Ŷ Grand Union Canal Walk; and Ŷ Macmillan Way Long Distance Trail. 10.5.30 The locations of the closest PRoW are indicated on Figure 10.1 and those located within 500m are outlined below:
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Table 10.6: Public Rights of Way within 500m of the Site boundary
Path number Type From To
Dodford parish boundary east of Dodmoor Farm Via Flore Hill Farm to the Flore-Weedon road, A45 EU1 Footpath south-east at Flore Hill
Brockhall - Dodford county road opposite south- South—east via Broamenthill Spinney to the Flore - EU2 Footpath west corner of Brooks' Plantation, west of M1 Brockhall county road south side of M1 motorway motorway
Flore - Brockhall county road west side of Lodge North to junction with EU17 at Brockhall parish EU3 Footpath at entrance to Flore Fields House boundary
Footpath (part of High Street Flore, A45, at filling station opposite North – east to the Flore - Little Brington county EU5 the Macmillan Way) White Hart Public House road
Footpath (part of Flore - Little Brington county road north side of North – east via the Vicarage Farm to the Upper EU6 the Macmillan Way) M1 motorway Heyford - Little Brington county road
Eastwards passing under the M1 motorway to EU7 Footpath High Street Flore, A45, opposite No. 72 Upper Heyford parish boundary east of the Climatological Station (junction with KT5)
Kings Lane, Flore, junction with Nether Lane, east Footpath (part of East to Upper Heyford parish boundary south of EU9 of United Reformed Church (formerly the the Nene Way) Hollandstone Farm Congregational Church)
Footpath (part of North to south end of cul-de-sac known as Bliss EU10 Junction with EU9 east of King's Lane, Flore the Nene Way) Lane
The north end of the cul-de-sac known as Hillside Northwards to junction with EU2, south of EU14 Bridleway Road, Flore, at Hobhill Barn Broamenthill Spinney.
Upper Heyford parish boundary at east terminal EU18 Footpath East to Glassthorpehill at junction with EU15 of KT5
Nether Heyford parish boundary. N. of Manor North – east to the Nether Heyford-Upper Heyford KT1 Footpath Park unclassified county road county road (Middle Street)
Nether Heyford-Upper Heyford county road, North – east to the cul-de-sac leading from the KT2 Footpath (Middle Street) opp. terminus of KT1 Weedon-Northampton road A45
Junction with KT6 north of the River Nene at North – east to south end of the cul-de-sac leading KT3 Footpath Nether Heyford parish boundary from the Weedon-Northampton road A45
South – east via Heyford Mill to Nether Heyford KT4 Footpath Flore parish boundary parish boundary. at junction with KT1
South end of road known locally as North's Lane South end of road known locally as North's Lane KT6 Bridleway Upper Heyford Upper Heyford
Weedon-Northampton road A45 at Upper Heyford North – east to Glassthorpe Lane Harpole 200m KP8 Footpath parish boundary east of Riding Hill Farm
Everdon parish boundary at the River Nene west North – east to junction with the Daventry-Weedon EN1 Footpath of Dodford Mill Farm (junction with ER15) road, A45, and unclassified road to Upper Weedon
North to the Dodford - Weedon county road at EN8 Footpath Daventry-Weedon road, A45, W. of Grange Farm Willow End
Cul-de-sac (High Street) adjacent to St. Mary's South - east to the county road heading into EN10 Footpath Church Dodford from A45 road (The Green)
West along Ordnance Road then on north side of FG16 Footpath Junction of Croft Way brook to parish boundary at the Everdon-Dodford Road east of Dodford Mill Farm
10.5.31 Long Distance trails (all of which follow PRoW bar the Grand Union Canal Walk) located within 1km of the Site are outlined in Table10.7 below:
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Table 10.7: Long Distance Public Rights of Way within 1km of the Site boundary
Type Distance and direction from Site
The Grand Union Canal was never constructed as an entity, but is the result of amalgamations between 1894 and 1929 of several independent waterways — the oldest being the navigations around the River Grand Union Canal Walk Soar in Leicestershire, the longest the Grand Junction Canal from Braunston to the River Thames. The term ‘Grand Union’ is now generally taken to mean the canal from the Thames at Brentwood to the junction with the Digbeth Branch in Birmingham.
The fully waymarked Macmillan Way is 290 miles in length from Boston on the Lincolnshire coast to the Macmillan Way Long Dorset coast at Abbotsbury.and follows existing footpaths, bridleways and byways, and small stretches of Distance Trail minor roads. It is called the Macmillan Way because all funds raised are donated to Macmillan Cancer Support.
The Midshires Way is a long-distance footpath and bridleway that runs for 230 miles (370 km) with 46 miles (74 km) in Northamptonshire. It links the Ridgeway National Trail with the Trans Pennine Trail across the shires of Middle England. Between Northampton and Midshires Way Long Market Harborough it follows the route of a disused railway line, passing through two Distance Trail tunnels. One section within Northampton runs close to the Grand Union Canal at Blisworth Junction in Rothersthorpe, Northampton. It is intended as a multi-user trail but there are places where the recommended route for walkers differs from the route for horse riders and cyclists.
The Nene Way is a long distance recreational route which follows the River Nene for some 70 miles Nene Way through Northamptonshire, including 18.4kms/ 11.4 mile stretch of Badby to Kislingbury which passes adjacent to the Site.
10.5.32 It can be seen that there are a good number of PRoW in the vicinity of the Site and which connect the Site to the wider countryside, as well as a number of PRoW which cross the Site itself. The PRoW generally have a good degree of replaceability, particularly the unsurfaced informal paths but their number and proximity to the Site provide a good overall PRoW network of moderate sensitivity, along with moderate to high sensitivity for PRoW crossing the Site.
Statutory Nature Conservation Designations within the Site and Wider Landscape
Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) 10.5.33 There is one SSSI located within 500m of the Site, namely Bugbrooke Meadows, located some 430m south of the Site at the M1 Junction 16 roundabout. It is a small secluded reserve containing spring- fed flush (mire) to the south and winter flooded meadow to the north and it is these two distinct types of water source that results in much of its botanical richness. It is a remnant of the grassland once common along the banks of the river Nene and is accessible all year round to the public via the Nene Way Footpath. 10.5.34 The overall sensitivity of the SSSI and its setting is considered to be high. 10.5.35 Non-statutory designated wildlife sites are considered in detail within Chapter 12 - Biodiversity.
Landscape Character
National Character Assessment 10.5.36 The study of Landscape Character is undertaken at different scales, with each larger scale adding greater detail onto the previous layer. As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper (Ref. 10.13), Biodiversity 2020 (Ref. 10.14) and the European Landscape Convention (Ref. 10.1), they are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment.
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10.5.37 The Site is identified within Countryside Character Volume 4: East Midlands (Ref. 10.15) and within National Character Area 89: Northamptonshire Vales and National Character Area 95: Northamptonshire Uplands. 10.5.38 Some of the key characteristics of National Character Areas 89: Northamptonshire Vales include the following: Ŷ Gentle clay ridges and valleys with little woodland and strong patterns of Tudor and parliamentary enclosure; Ŷ Distinctive river valleys of Soar, Welland and Nene with flat floodplains and gravel terraces; Ŷ Large towns of Leicester and Northampton dominate much of the landscape; Ŷ Frequent small towns and large villages, often characterised by red brick buildings; Ŷ Prominent parks and country houses; Ŷ Frequent imposing, spired churches; Ŷ Attractive stone buildings in older village centres and eastern towns and villages; and Ŷ Great diversity of landscape and settlement pattern with many sub units, e.g. Nene Valley and Welland Valley. 10.5.39 Some of the key characteristics of National Character Area 95: Northamptonshire Uplands. include the following: Ŷ Rounded, undulating hills with many long, low ridgelines; Ŷ Abundant and prominent ridge and furrow with frequent deserted and shrunken settlements; Ŷ Sparse settlement of nucleated villages on hilltops or valley heads; Ŷ Mixed farming: open arable contrasts with pasture enclosed by good hedges with frequent hedgerow trees; Ŷ Wide views from the edges and across the ridgetops; Ŷ Straight, wide, enclosure roads, often following ridges; Ŷ Little woodland, but prominent coverts on higher ground; Ŷ Ironstone and limestone older buildings with a transition across the area. Brick buildings in some villages; Ŷ Great variety of landform with distinctive local features like Hemplow Hills; and Ŷ Large and nationally-important historic parks.
Regional Character Assessment East Midlands Regional Landscape Character Assessment 10.5.40 The East Midlands Regional Landscape Character Assessment (2010) (Ref 10.16) provides an additional tier of more detailed landscape character mapping and description to that provided by the national characterisation of England outlined above and is in general conformity to the more detailed County level assessments described below. 10.5.41 Within the East Midlands Regional Landscape Character Assessment the Site is identified as lying within Regional Landscape Type (RLT) 5c Undulating Mixed Farmlands (part of the Village Farmlands Group), the key characteristics of which include the following: Ŷ Varied landform of broad rolling ridges, steep sided valleys, rounded hills and undulating lowlands; Ŷ Well treed character arising from abundant hedgerow trees, copses and woodlands;
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Ŷ Upland areas mark a major watershed in Middle England and are the source of major rivers; Ŷ Mixed farming regime with mainly arable land uses on hills and ridges and in fertile lowlands; intact hedgerow networks generally associated with pastoral land uses; Ŷ Sparse settlement patterns with limited modern development; widespread use of local limestone and ironstone in vernacular buildings and churches; Ŷ Network of quiet country lanes linking rural communities; Ŷ Remote, rural and sometimes empty character; and Ŷ Frequent and prominent ridge and furrow and evidence of deserted or shrunken medieval settlements. County and District Character Assessment 10.5.42 NCC has undertaken their own assessment of the Northamptonshire landscape, produced under the framework of the Environmental Characterisation Strategy and published as the Northamptonshire Environmental Character and Green Infrastructure Suite 2006 (Ref. 10.17). This suite of documents describes and maps the environmental, historical and landscape characteristics of different areas of the county with Landscape Character Types (LCTs) being the broadest level of assessment and Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) being sub-divisions of the LCTs. 10.5.43 The Site falls within the following character areas: Ŷ Current Landscape Character Assessment – 13: Undulating Hills and Valleys; Ŷ Current Landscape Character Assessment – 18: Broad River Valley Floodplain; Ŷ Environmental Character Assessment – West Northamptonshire Uplands; Ŷ Environmental Character Assessment – Upper Nene Catchment and Watford Gap; Ŷ Historic Landscape Character Assessment (HLCA) – 5f West Haddon – Harpole Uplands HLCA (HLCT 5 = 19th Century Parliamentary Enclosure); and Ŷ Historic Landscape Character Assessment – 11a Nene Valley: Dodford to Onley HLCA (HLCT 11 = Flooded Minerals Extraction). 10.5.44 Within the Current Landscape Character Assessment, the Site is located primarily within Landscape Character Area 13: Undulating Hills and Valleys but it also crosses Character Area 18: Broad River Valley Floodplain. The key characteristics of Character Area 13: Undulating Hills and Valleys include the following: Ŷ extensive undulating and productive rural landscape stretching across the west of the county; Ŷ cohesive and recognisable unity of character despite scale and extent; Ŷ variations in the underlying geology influence local landform; Ŷ watercourses form part of three principal river catchments of the Cherwell, Nene and Welland; Ŷ reservoirs and man-made lakes are conspicuous features in the local landscape displaying a wide range of size, function and age; Ŷ navigable canals are an important visual component of the landscape and linear wildlife and recreational asset; Ŷ mixed farming predominates across the landscape although local land use and field patterns are strongly influenced by changes in landform; Ŷ numerous small deciduous woodlands, copses and shelterbelts punctuate the rural landscape; Ŷ hedgerow trees, within the strong hedgerow network, contribute to the perception of a well treed landscape and combine with other landscape and landform features to create an intimate, human scale landscape;
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Ŷ strong historic character underlies this deeply rural landscape; Ŷ numerous villages linked by winding country lanes contribute to rural character; and Ŷ communication routes and urban influences and infrastructure have, where present, eroded local rural landscape character where present. 10.5.45 The key characteristics of Character Area 18: Broad River Valley Floodplain include the following: Ŷ broad, flat and predominantly wide floodplain surrounded by rising landform of adjacent landscape types; Ŷ deep, alluvial clay and silt with sand and gravel, masking the underlying geology; Ŷ river channel with slow flowing watercourse with limited bank side vegetation in areas; Ŷ predominance of unimproved pasture with pockets of both neutral and improved grassland and scattered arable land in fields of varying size; arable land becomes more frequent within the western section of the Nene Valley; Ŷ limited woodland cover confined to occasional broadleaved copses scattered throughout the floodplain; Ŷ hedgerow trees are an important feature where they occur; Ŷ overgrown hedgerows reinforced with post and wire fencing; Ŷ settlement is very limited within the floodplain with a sequence of small nucleated villages on the lower valley slopes, along the western section of the River Nene; Ŷ wider settlement pattern of scattered farmsteads and individual dwellings urban influences arising from the proximity of large urban areas and associated road infrastructure on the perimeter of some sections of the floodplain; Ŷ minor roads generally cross the floodplain landscape at right angles to the river, with major roads also following the valley course and marking the boundary of the type; Ŷ evidence of long periods of gravel extraction and restoration within the Nene Valley, particularly along the middle section of the Valley, with patterns of restored landscapes with numerous areas of wetland and lakes; and Ŷ significant recreational activities within the Nene Valley landscape mainly focused on the restored lakes. 10.5.46 Landscape Character Areas 13 and 18 are subdivided into further, more detailed, Character Areas. The far western extent of the Site is located within Character Area 13b: Bugbrooke and Daventry up to the River Nene channel. It then crosses through Character Area 18a: The Nene - Long Buckby to Weedon Bec between the River Nene and Hobhill Farm. The route then passes through Character Area 13c: Long Buckby alongside the M1 motorway with the far eastern extent of the Site (south of Junction 16 of the M1) being located within Character Area 18b: The Nene - Weedon Bec to Duston Mill. 10.5.47 The key characteristics of the above Character Areas are outlined below and illustrated in Figure 10.2.
Table 10.8: Landscape Character Areas Within and Surrounding the Site
Character Area Key Characteristics
Ŷ An undulating landscape with a pronounced series of hills and valleys to the west and a more subtle landscape to the south and east due to its proximity to the River Nene and its floodplain; 13b Ŷ Views along the undulations are generally long and open, although landform and vegetation frequently limit Bugbrooke and more extensive, panoramic views; Daventry Ŷ Land cover typically arable and pastoral farmland in fields of varying size with a predominance of improved pastures surrounding settlements;
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Character Area Key Characteristics
Ŷ Woodland limited to small, predominantly broadleaved woodland copses sparsely scattered although well treed field boundaries contribute to overall woodland cover; Ŷ A number of larger village settlements including Braunston, Weedon Bec, Lower Weedon and Bugbrooke. These are generally compact and extend up the valley slopes; Ŷ Between the villages, the settlement pattern includes scattered farmsteads and dwellings located both adjacent to roadsides, and set back from the road and accessed via minor tracks; Ŷ Crossing the landscape and connecting settlement is a network of roads, including the M45 and M1, the A45(T) and the A5(T) Watling Street Roman Road. The M1, A5 (Watling Street), railway and canal all convene in the area in a tight transportation corridor (the Watford Gap); Ŷ On the eastern edge of Daventry, Borough Hill SAM includes numerous earthworks, a fort, and tumulus. Burnt Walls to the south, proves the existence of a considerable Roman station. There are also scattered fields of ridge and furrow such as around Dodford; Ŷ Industrial heritage features are evident, including significant sections of the Grand Union Canal and large stretches of both dismantled and working railways, some of which include long distance footpaths; and Ŷ Strong urbanising influences including major transport routes and high voltage pylons
Ŷ A largely regular undulating landscape, more elevated to the north and falling towards the floodplain of the River Nene in the south;. Ŷ Varied field sizes although larger fields are generally under arable cultivation but with a combination of arable farmland and improved pastures grazed by both sheep and cattle; Ŷ Pastures predominate around settlements, and on steeper landform, including land between Long Buckby and East Haddon, on Glassthorpe Hill, which also forms a Ministry of Defence (MoD) Danger Area, and at country houses such as Althorp House; Ŷ Woodland cover limited and confined mainly to broadleaved copses, often capping small hills, with Nobottle Ancient Woodland providing the most significant woodland in the area. Coniferous woodlands are evident in a few areas including Brockhall Park and the MoD Danger Area; Ŷ Well treed stream courses, lined with oak, ash, willow and alder, and mature hedgerow trees of oak and ash 13c contribute to the overall tree cover; Long Buckby Ŷ The landscape is reasonably well settled, including the larger settlement of Long Buckby and small villages, farmsteads and dwellings scattered across the undulating landscape; Ŷ Distant views are possible towards the outer edges of Northampton; Ŷ Extensive network of minor roads, along with the influence of transport routes such as the A428, M1 and main line railway, from which some noise intrusion is evident. Other prominent urbanising features include high voltage pylon lines and telecommunication masts east of Long Buckby; Ŷ Country houses of historic interest are characteristic of the area and often viewed from a distance as well wooded areas in the landscape, inlcuding Althorp House and Park (Grade I); Holdenby House and gardens (Grade II*) and Brockhall Park. Ŷ Remnants of the industrial revolution, the most notable being the Grand Union Canal; and Ŷ Recreational facilities include Ravensthorpe Reservoir and numerous minor rights of way and sections of the Macmillan Way, Midshires Way and Jurassic Way.
Ŷ Smaller fields of improved and semi improved pasture and larger scale arable fields. Ŷ Pastoral fields frequently occur adjacent to the watercourse on the immediate floodplain, with arable fields extending onto the gentle valley slopes. Ŷ A section of the Grand Union Canal (and adjacent Grand Union Canal Walk) runs along the length of the 18a floodplain and dominates the character of the area, unlike the River Nene, which is generally inconspicuous The Nene - within the landscape; Long Buckby to Ŷ The main settlement is limited to occasional farmsteads and dwellings, accessed via minor roads and tracks Weedon Bec with scattered red brick barns located on lower slopes; Ŷ Infrastructure elements are frequent features within the area, including the M1 motorway, A5(T), radio masts and railway line that runs adjacent to the canal, both of which are situated on the lower valley slopes; and Ŷ Distant noise from the motorway is almost always apparent.
18b Ŷ The River Nene provides the main feature within the widening floodplain alothough the dominance of the river The Nene - channel varies throughout the character area. In places, the river edge is more wooded with species of oak, Weedon Bec to ash and willow, and appearing only as a boundary feature. In other areas, however, the channel is largely
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Character Area Key Characteristics
Duston Mill open with overhanging willows and reeds set within attractive rural surroundings; Ŷ Large arable fields, generally confined to the lower slopes, along with improved and scrubby pastoral land largely grazed by sheep, but also with some evidence of horse pasture; Ŷ Heavily settled area, with riverside settlements including Upper and Nether Heyford and Kislingbury. These nucleated, compact settlements located on the lower valley slopes adopt a clustered position around the junctions of minor roads and often have slightly degraded approaches, in particular the northern approach to Nether Heyford; Ŷ Views along the river valley are generally wide and panoramic, limited only by scattered areas of intervening vegetation. Beyond this, the surrounding landform of the rising valley sides creates a relatively intimate landscape; and Ŷ A dense footpath network, including the Midshires Way, Nene Way and Grand Union Canal Walk, all of which converge at Nether Heyford.
Summary of Landscape Receptor Sensitivity 10.5.48 Table 10.9 provides a summary of the sensitivity of the landscape elements identified above which will be taken forward into the assessment section of this chapter.
Table 10.9 Summary of Landscape Receptor Sensitivity
Sensitivity to Landscape Receptor Comments change
Flatter watercourses create valleys within a gently undulating landscape Topography within the Site interspersed with manmade features such as the M1 motorway on Moderate embankment.
A variety of vegetation types are present within the Site, including improved and semi-improved grassland, shrub and scrub vegetation, hedgerows and scattered trees although arable crops dominate. Trees contribute to visual Site vegetation amenity and local character, but their plantation nature means they are in part Moderate replaceable. The tree survey identified the majority of trees (293) as being Category C (low quality), with the fewest trees (24) being identified as being Category A trees (high quality and value.
A number of PRoW cross the Site, including the; Macmillan Way Long Change in PRoW and Long Distance Trail and the Midshires Way Long Distance Trail. The Grand Union Distance Trail Routes within Moderate to high Canal Walk although not containing PRoW is identified as a long-distance trail the Site and passes through the Site.
Change in wider PRoW A good PRoW network in the vicinity of the Site which connects the Site to the Moderate network wider countryside, including long distance trails.
Its character is defined by mature vegetation on both sides following a general Change in character of Grand line at the back of the canal towpath providing definition and a traditional sense Union Canal Conservation Moderate of enclosure. However, there are also partial/ obstructed views of the Area surrounding countryside from within the Conservation Area.
Change in character and setting of Brockhall Registered Their setting is intrinsically linked to spatial arrangement of the formal designed Park and Garden landscape of the parkland and Brock Hall Grade II* Listed Building as well as Moderate Conservation Area and Listed the views from the modern entrance to the park from the south Buildings contained therein
Change in character and A small, secluded reserve containing one of the most botanically rich meadows setting of Bugbrooke High in the county and accessible to the public. Meadows SSSI
An undulating landscape of typically arable and pastoral farmland with well- treed boundaries interspersed with limited woodland and a number of larger Change in character of village settlements. The landscape is interrupted by high voltage pylons and a Character Area 13b: network of transport routes, including the M45, M1, A45 (T), railway and canal. Moderate to high Bugbrooke and Daventry Historic features are characteristic, including Borough Hill SAM, Roman roads, scattered fields of ridge and furrow and industrial heritage features such as the Grand Union Canal.
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Sensitivity to Landscape Receptor Comments change
A largely regular undulating agricultural landscape of pasture and arable fields interspersed with limited woodland cover and well treed stream courses. The landscape is reasonably well settled, including larger settlements, small Change in character of villages, farmsteads and dwellings but is also disrupted by urbanising Character Area 13c: Long Moderate to high influences of transport routes, main line railway, high voltage pylon lines and Buckby telecommunication masts. Historic assets are characteristic and include Country houses and the Grand Union Canal, whilst recreational facilities include Ravensthorpe Reservoir and numerous PRoW.
Smaller fields of improved and semi improved pasture and larger scale arable fields interspersed with occasional farmsteads and dwellings, accessed via Change in character of minor roads and tracks. The Grand Union Canal (and adjacent Grand Union Character Area 18a: The Canal Walk) dominates the character of the area, unlike the River Nene, which Low to Moderate Nene - Long Buckby to is generally inconspicuous within the landscape. Infrastructure elements are Weedon Bec intrusive and include the M1 motorway, A5 (T), radio masts and railway line. Distant noise from the motorway is almost always apparent.
The River Nene provides the main feature within the widening floodplain although the dominance of the river channel varies throughout the character Change in character of area. The character area is heavily settled, with riverside settlements and Character Area 18b: The compact settlements located on the lower valley slopes often with slightly Moderate Nene - Weedon Bec to Duston degraded approaches. Views along the river valley are generally wide and Mill panoramic but are contained beyond the corridor by intervening vegetation and surrounding landform. The landscape is traversed by a dense footpath network, all of which converge at Nether Heyford.
Visual Baseline 10.5.49 The assessment of visual effects identifies the experience and relationship of the existing view for the public and the effect a proposed development will have on the view and the potential changes applied. 10.5.50 A ZTV has been created through a desk based review of local topography and maps to identify potential intervening vegetation and built form. From the ZTV, analysis of aerial mapping and subsequent Site visits, a series of 18 viewpoints have been chosen from where the Proposed Scheme may be visible and the location of each can be seen on Figure 10.3. 10.5.51 A number of these receptors were found to be screened from the Proposed Scheme, even in winter, due to intervening vegetation, topography and/ or built form. Where there is no visibility from an identified viewpoint, they have been identified as having ‘no change’. 10.5.52 Photographic record and detailed Site information has been recorded for each viewpoint and illustrated in Figures 10.4.1 to 10.4.12. Table 10.10 below provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of the 18 viewpoints.
Lighting and Night-Time views 10.5.53 The Site is located within a semi-rural setting and existing lighting of the Site is indicative of Environmental Zones E2/E3 (’low/medium district brightness’) due its location primarily within un-lit agricultural land but surrounded by lit features including the M1 motorway and settlements. 10.5.54 Lighting installations are integrated within the Proposed Scheme, as part of the design for the proposed roundabouts (Figures 4.27 – 4.29), as such this will add tall elements into the skyline in the form of 10m tall lighting columns which are likely to increase both illuminance (light spill) and luminance (glare and sky glow), although these will blend to some extent with the existing lit environment. The rural areas surrounding the Site have less opportunity to adapt to artificial lighting than settlements and the lack of built development makes this rural landscape more sensitive to increased illuminance. This chapter will therefore qualitatively consider the night-time effects of the
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potential intrusion of artificial lighting on identified viewpoints and will take into consideration the proposed lighting strategy for the Scheme. 10.5.55 The overall sensitivity of the existing local night-time environment is therefore considered to be moderate. 10.5.56 Effects of lighting on ecological receptors are discussed in Chapter 12 - Biodiversity and the proposed lighting plans for the three roundabouts are shown on Figure 4.27 (Roundabout Junction west of Weedon Bec); Figure 4.28 (Roundabout Junction with the A5); and Figure 4.29 (Roundabout Junction east of Upper Heyford).
Visual Receptor Summary 10.5.57 Table 10.10 below provides a summary of the sensitivity of the 22 visual receptor locations identified (Figure 10.3) and should also be read in conjunction with Table 10.3.
Table 10.10: Evaluation of sensitivity to change for viewpoints
Viewpoint Name, Location Sensitivity to Description of the View and Figure reference Change
A public view taken from outside the listed St Mary's Church, adjacent to residential properties and on the start of a public footpath to the west of the Site. Viewpoint 1 A recently cleared foreground (PRoW) creates a wide path down into the valley, 2, the Green, Dodford edged with hedgerow, stone wall and hedgerow trees. Telegraph poles and wires High Figure 10.4.1 form part of the foreground view with glimpses of more distant hills through and above boundary vegetation. Traffic noise is audible but not visible in this typically rural view. The Site is not readily discernible in the view.
A public view taken from the junction of a minor public highway and public footpath Viewpoint 2 to the west of the Site. 1, Willow End, Dodford A slightly elevated view over a style across farmland bounded by low hedgerows Moderate towards a ridgeline in the middle distance. The ridgeline partially screens traffic along Figure 10.4.1 the A45 although vehicles are also clearly visible just beyond the ridgeline. The view is typically rural but traffic noise is clearly audible and visible.
A public view taken from within the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area at the junction of a minor public highway, in front of Dodmoor house listed building entrance and adjacent to an access point onto the Grand Union Canal Walk towpath to the north-west of the Site. Viewpoint 3 The view looks across the canal from a red-brick bridge with moored barges to the Weedon Lane (canal bridge) right and towpath to the left of the canal. The Conservation Area is edged with a High mature hedgerow/ hedgerow trees with some glimpses of gardens and fields Figure 10.4.2 beyond. The view is typically rural and enclosed, particularly in summer although there is regular audible and visual disruption from the adjacent train line, partially screened through vegetation. The site is visible through and beyond foreground vegetation.
A public view taken from a motorway overpass on the edge of Brockall Registered Park and Garden and Conservation Area to the north of the Site. Viewpoint 4 A wide view over the pedestrian guard rail across the motorway stretching back into the distance and edged to the left by tall trees and shrubs, blocking longer views M1 overpass, immediately beyond, and to the right by scattered boundary vegetation adjacent to large open Moderate - high south of Brook's Plantation arable fields. Gently undulating topography allows views of further fields bounded by Figure 10.4.2 hedgerows and trees and blocks of woodland (Broamenthill Spinney and Hobhill Spinney) on hill crests. A section of the site is visible just below the crest of the hill, extending across the right of the view in the middle distance.
A public view taken from the north of the Site at the junction of a public footpath and Viewpoint 5 a public bridleway to the north of the Site. ProW through Broamenthill A fairly wide, open view across a very gently sloping arable field forming the skyline Spinney (north of Hillside of much of the view, but edged to the right by hedgerow and hedgerows trees with Moderate Road) more distant hills just visible beyond. Trees edge the sloping track to the left of the Figure 10.4.3 view, which disappears beyond the crest of the hill. Vehicle noise is clearly audible and the Site is clearly visible across the view.
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Viewpoint Name, Location Sensitivity to Description of the View and Figure reference Change
A public view taken from a minor public highway adjacent to the entrance to Oxhouse Farm and Cottages to the north-east of the Site. This is a fairly open view across a flat landscape, with a long straight road to the right Viewpoint 6 of the view edged with tall hedgerow and trees to the right and low hedge and grass verge to the left. The low hedge allows long views across an open, arable landscape Brington Road, Flore, North towards distant hills, interrupted by telegraph poles and wires and pylons. Blocks of Moderate of Oxhouse Farm trees also block some longer views. The M1 is audible from this location but not readily visible, being in cutting and screened by vegetation, although the tops of Figure 10.4.3 lighting columns are visible above middle distance hedgerows, set against a backdrop of rising fields. The Site is also largely screened beyond the M1 and intervening vegetation, but the slight rise in topography beyond the M1 allows glimpsed views of the Site to the centre and left of the view.
A public view taken from a public footpath adjacent to Glassthorpehill Farm at a local Viewpoint 7 topographical high point to the north-east of the Site. Access to the PRoW was restricted by electric fencing. Glassthorpehill public footpath, off Glassthorpe The view looks across rough grassland, small paddocks bounded by electric fences Moderate Lane and mature trees. The elevated view allows glimpsed views across to more distant hills beyond the foreground farmhouse, but views to the centre and right are Figure 10.4.4 interrupted by telegraph pols and wires, rising fields and woodland blocks.
A public view taken from a public footpath and long distance trail overlooking Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI. Viewpoint 8 A slightly elevated view overlooking the public footpath (Nene Way) and Bugbrooke Bugbrooke Mills PRoW Meadows SSSI, with grassland in the foreground overlooking the flat river floodpain High (Nene Way) off Mill Lane edged with trees. Hills gently rise up to a skyline edged with trees and pylons. Columnar trees and rooftops of housing and barns at Hipwells, upper Heyford are Figure 10.4.4 also visible in the centre of thview on the skyline. Junction 16 of the M1 is located to the right of this, with the Site located inbetween, stretching across the left of the view, albeit generally screened by intervening topography and vegetation.
A public view taken from a public footpath near Upper Heyford to the south-east of the Site looking towards residential properties. Viewpoint 9 A view across grassland edged with electric fencing and hedgerow rising up towards Public Footpath, Upper White Gates House and Hipwells, Upper Heyford. The left of the view is edged by tall Moderate Heyford boundary vegetation alongside the grassland which slopes down towards the western end of Upper Heyford, with hills, inlcuding Glassthorpehill, rising up beyond. Figure 10.4.5 Glimpses of traffic along the A45 are visible, althoguh he M1 motorway is screened in cutting. The Site lies in between, largely screened by intervening vegetation, topogrpahy and built form.
A public view taken from above the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area along a Viewpoint 10 minor public highway, in front of a residential property to the south-east of the Site. Heyford Lane The view from the bridge over the Grand Union Canal is chanelled by tall, mature Moderate-high boundary vegetation, although views will be clearer in winter. Views are principally Figure 10.4.5 restricted to the open canal corridor, allowing long views towards Flore Hill in the distance. The Site is located just beyond Flore Hill, largely screened from view.
A public view taken from a public footpath and long distance trail off a major highway (A45) on the edge of Flore residential area and listed buildings to the south of the Viewpoint 11 Site. Macmillan Way Public The view shows a gently sloping view upwards across a pastoral field of sheep, Moderate-high footpath off A45 in Flore disrupted by post and wire fences and telegraph poles and wires. The view is edged by trees and tall hedgerow alongside Brington Road to the right and centre of the Figure 10.4.6 view, leading onto the motorway screening, partially hidden beyond the undulating hill in the centre and left of the view. Part of the Site is clearly visible in the middle distance.
Viewpoint 12 A public view taken from a public bridleway to the north of Hobhill Farm and residences to the south of the Site. Hillside Road – north of Moderate Hobhill Farm A fairly wide view across a gently sloping arable field forming the skyline of much of the view, but edged to the right and distance by hedgerow and hedgerows trees. Figure 10.4.6 Vehicle noise is audible and the Site is clearly visible within the viewpoint.
A public view taken from a minor highway and adjacent to a small number of Viewpoint 13a residences to the south of the Site. Moderate
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Viewpoint Name, Location Sensitivity to Description of the View and Figure reference Change
Hillside Road – looking west This view looks through gaps in the foreground boundary vegetation towards a gently sloping arable field looking up towards a residential property on the crest of Figure 10.4.7 the hill. The Site is located largely beyond the crest of the hill.
A public view taken from a minor highway and adjacent to a small number of Viewpoint 13b residences to the south of the Site. The Site is clearly visible Hillside Road – looking east A wide view across pastoral open fields bounded by hedgerows and hedgerow trees. Moderate Figure 10.4.7 The sloping view allows views across to more distant hills of a rural landscape. The Site is clearly visible in the view.
Viewpoint 14 A public view taken from a main highway (A45) to the south-west of the Site. Field access gate off A45 This slightly elevated view looks across large, open agricultural fields. The settlement Low Flore Hill of Weedon Bec is just visible to the far left of the view in the valley, with large fields bounded by hedgerows and hedgerow trees located across the view and stretching Figure 10.4.8 back into the distance. The fields are broken up by scattered trees.
A public view taken from the junction of a main highway (A5) with public footpath and long distance paths to the south of the Site.
Viewpoint 15 This open view looks across an initially flat landscape of arable fields, edged to the left by a boundary of scrub vegetation, grass verge and the A5. Further trees and Nene Valley/ Macmillan Way rough vegetation mark the field boundary to the right of the view, edging the Nene Moderate off the A5 Valley/ Macmillan Way trail. All Saints Church at Flore is visible to the center right of the view on the brow of the hill, with tall Lomabrdy poplars marking the River Nene in Figure 10.4.8 the centre left of the view. The Site is located beyond the brow of the hill ot the centre and right of the view and is largely screened to the left of the view by intervening topography and vegetation.
A public view taken from the junction of two minor highways at a local topographical Viewpoint 16 high point to the south-west of the Site. Field access off An elevated, open panoramic view across arable fields towards the opposite valley Farthginstone Road sides, showing an agricultural landscape. Rooftops of buildings at Upper Weedon Low opposite Weedon Hill Farm and at Weedon Bec across the valley are visible in the middle distance, along with Figure 10.4.9 glimpses of traffic along major highways. The Site forms part of the wider agricultural landscape, partially screened by intervening built form, topography and vegetation.
A public view taken from the junction of a minor highway with a Public footpath (part of the Midshires Way long distance path) at a local topographical high point to the Viewpoint 17 north-east of the Site. Roman Road, east of This panoramic view looks across the River Nene valley, with New Covert, Dundas Moderate Blacksmiths Lane Covert and Harpole Covert woodlands visible to the left of the view on the crest of the hill, and farm buildings at Imaging House and Vicarage Farm (Brington Road) Figure 10.4.9 visible in the valley to the centre right of the view. Traffic is visible in the valley, although the motorway traffic is largely screened. The Site forms part of the wider, panoramic view in the valley.
A public view taken from a Public footpath (part of the Macmillan Way long distance Viewpoint 18 path), adjacent to the Church of St Michael Grade I tower on the edge of a residential area and at a local topographical high point to the south of the Site. Macmillan Way Public footpath off Main Street, A long, open view across a rural arable landscape towards distnat hills. The mainline High Church Stowe railway, with Flore Hill beyond, is clearly visible in the valley, disappearing behind middle distance hills to the left and right of the view. The Site forms part of the wider Figure 10.4.10 rural landscape of the view, largely screened by intervening topography and vegetation.
A public view taken from the junction of two public bridlepaths (part of the Nene Way Viewpoint 19 long distance path), on the edge of a small residential area with listed buildings and cricket ground and at a local topographical high point to the south-west of the Site. Nene Way, north of Home High Farm, Little Everdon An open view across agricultural fields towards more distant hills of fields bounded by hedges and hedgerow trees. The built form of Weedon Bec is clearly visible in the Figure 10.4.10 centre of the view in the middle distance, with Glassthorpehill beyond. The Site is largely screened from view behind intervening vegetation, topogrpahy and built form.
Viewpoint 20 A public view taken from a layby on the A45 at a local topographical high point to the west of the Site. Low Layby on the A45, Daventry This open, elevated, rural viewpoint allows clear views across the landscape towards
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Viewpoint Name, Location Sensitivity to Description of the View and Figure reference Change
Figure 10.4.11 Dodford. The tower of St Mary's Church and Manor Farmhouse listed buildings are clearly visible in the centre of the view, with the Site located beyond and to the right of the view, largely screened beyond the local ridgeline to the east of Dodford.
A public view taken from a field access gate off a minor highway at a local Viewpoint 21 topographical high point to the west of the Site. Poets Way, south of Brickhill Another wide, open viewpoint on the ridgeline, though public views are set back from Low Barn the hill top, restricting views. The foreground of mown grass, scrubland, and earth Figure 10.4.11 stockpiles are located on flat ground, with glimpses over the edge of the ridgeline towards far distant hills. The site is not visible from this location.
A public view taken from an informal access path on Borough Hill Scheduled Ancient Monument and public open space and at a local topographical high point to the Viewpoint 22 south-west of the Site. Borough Hill, Daventry This very wide, panoramic open view looks across grassland and pastoral fields to High mature tree field boundaries, and woodland blocks, stretching across the River Nene Figure 10.4.12 valley towards distant hills. Traffic noise is audible and visible in the valley from the A45 and A5 although the motorway is largely screened. The Site forms part of the wider panoramic landscape of agricultural fields and small settlements.
Future Baseline 10.5.58 The Site is almost entirely agricultural land and green in nature, passing though short sections of built form and highways. There are some high quality mature trees that provide visual interest and character to the local environment, and are particularly associated with field boundaries and water courses. They do as a group, however, provide good visual interest, screening and character around much of the Site and the rural landscape provides a setting for surrounding settlements. It is considered that, if the Site is not developed then its quality and function will remain similar to current uses, namely agricultural production. The trees will continue to grow and mature and provide structure and character to the local landscape.
10.6 Assessment of Effects, Mitigation and Residual Effects Design Solutions and Assumptions 10.6.1 A description of the Proposed Scheme is outlined in Chapter 4 and briefly comprises the following: Ŷ 5.7 km in length with a single carriageway width of 7.3m wide running surface and 1m wide hard strip both sides. However, between the A5 Trunk Road Roundabout and the Roundabout at the western termination, the carriageway running surface would be 10m wide with 1m wide hard strips both sides; Ŷ Dodmoor Canal and Rail Bridge – carrying the Link Road over the West Coast Main Line railway and Grand Union Canal (Figure 4.2); Ŷ Whilton Brook Bridge – carrying the Link Road over Whilton Brook (Figure 4.3); Ŷ Green Bridge – carrying a public right of way and ecological corridor (‘green bridge’) over the Link Road (Figure 4.4); Ŷ Brockhall Road Bridge – carrying a minor road over the Link Road (Figure 4.5); Ŷ Brington Road Bridge – carrying a minor road over the Link Road (Figure 4.6); Ŷ Hollandstone Farm Culvert – carrying the Link Road over a watercourse and footpath (Figure 4.7); Ŷ Hollandstone Farm Crossing – a farm accommodation bridge to the south of Link Road (Figure 4.8); and
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Ŷ Upper Heyford Farm Bridge – carrying a vehicular accommodation bridge over the Link Road (Figure 4.9). Ŷ Three proposed roundabout junctions, one at each end of the Link Road and a further roundabout at the crossing of the Proposed Scheme with the A5 trunk road north of Weedon Bec; Ŷ Demolition of two agricultural buildings and two dilapidated railway carriages used for agricultural storage; Ŷ Drainage and associated features including four attenuation ponds; Ŷ Approximately 3,300m of the Link Road will be in cutting with 3,200m m of the Link Road located on embankment resulting in a net balance of cut and fill; Ŷ PRoWs crossing or in close proximity to the Site (byway EU14 and footpaths EU1, EU5 and EU7) will be appropriately diverted and remain accessible to the general public wherever possible; and Ŷ Soft landscaping of the Link Road to include new grassland and wildflower habitats, native tree and shrub planting, wetland habitat creation, and specimen tree planting at roundabouts in accordance with the outline planting plans (Figure 4.40.1 – 4.40.9) developed for the Proposed Scheme. 10.6.2 It is anticipated that the eight structures will be a minimum of 5.3m in height above the proposed carriageway with the maximum height not exceeding 15m in height above ground level. 10.6.3 it is assumed that sections of the Site would be lit for safety purposes (such as floodlighting and security lighting associated with site access, temporary car parking area, construction compounds, on-going working areas and where equipment is stored and safety hazards may be present) (see Chapter 14 – Lighting).
Site Preparation, Earthworks and Construction Phase 10.6.4 The site preparation and construction phase is likely to be considerably more intrusive than the completed scheme due to the use of machinery, plant, stockpiles and removal of buildings and vegetation. The following activities are likely to be undertaken during this phase which will impact on landscape character and visual amenity: Ŷ Removal of existing vegetation including trees and hedgerows; Ŷ Localised material stockpiles and earthworks; Ŷ Site signage, traffic control, fencing, hoarding; Ŷ Construction traffic and working machinery including cranes; Ŷ Demolition of buildings; Ŷ Site huts, storage units and stored materials; Ŷ Construction of temporary buildings, haul roads, construction compounds, and areas of hardstanding; Ŷ Floodlighting and security lighting associated with site access, temporary car parking areas, on- going working areas where equipment is stored and safety hazards may be present, and within the construction compounds, which will be typically required for health and safety purposes. Lighting will be particularly noticeable in winter when artificial lighting is required during working hours; Ŷ Installation of lighting columns around the three roundabouts and the roads leading up to them to consist of 10m steel columns incorporating Post top mounted Phillips Iridium incorporating a 150W SON-TPP lamp; and Ŷ Creation of new landscaped areas, including trees and wildflower meadow.
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10.6.5 It is expected that the entire site preparation, earthworks and construction phase will last approximately two years from commencement to operation and is therefore considered to be of short - medium term duration. 10.6.6 The following landscape effects could arise as a result of the construction of the Proposed Scheme where the construction phase has been assumed to include the pre-construction site clearance/ demolition, preparation and earthworks.
Changes in Site topography and drainage due to earthworks 10.6.7 The Site will undergo some significant topographical changes during the construction works, including sections of the road that will be on embankment and sections that will be located in cutting. The proposed changes to existing and proposed ground levels are shown on the Base Plan and Longitudinal Section (Figure 4.38). It is anticipated that spoil from the areas of cut will be used for the areas of fill to minimise export of waste from the construction works, where the material quality and properties are appropriate. The largest area of fill will be towards the northern and north-western section to raise the Link Road over the West Coast Main Line railway and Grand Union Canal. 10.6.8 The sensitivity of the existing topography is moderate and the magnitude of change, prior to mitigation, is moderate to major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on existing topography of moderate to large negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.9 Exportation of waste is already being minimised through retention of spoil on-Site to use in earth bunding. This will help to screen off some operations during construction and can be used to grade the Site more naturally into the surrounding landscape. There is no more additional mitigation identified.
Residual Effect 10.6.10 The sensitivity of the existing topography is moderate and the magnitude of change remains moderate to major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on existing topography of moderate to large negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Change in quantum and size of existing Site vegetation, including trees 10.6.11 There are a good number of trees within the Site, as well as numerous hedgerows, often demarking field boundaries or in association with landscaping of the existing road network. For the purposes of this Chapter it has been assumed that all trees within the highway corridor (i.e. 147 trees and 2 groups of trees) will be removed prior to excavation. Any hedgerows and trees on the boundary of the Site will be retained where appropriate and incorporated into any proposed landscaping. Changes in topography may further influence surrounding vegetation through changes in hydrology and potential root damage to adjacent trees, whilst loss of trees may affect the microclimate around the adjacent retained trees. 10.6.12 The sensitivity of the existing vegetation is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate - major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, long-term effect on existing vegetation of moderate to large negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.13 The following mitigation is recommended:
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Ŷ New tree and shrub planting should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity to replace the trees and hedgerows lost (Figure 4.40.1 - 4.40.9) and ensure their suitable protection through the construction phase; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained trees and hedgerows in accordance with BS5837:2012 (Ref. 10.12); Ŷ Ensure appropriate planting bed preparation, including sub-soil and topsoil preparation and installation. Protection of all planting areas from heavy traffic, compaction or similar prior to planting; and Ŷ Production of a landscape management and maintenance plan to outline the short term management requirements of the landscape during construction
Residual Effect 10.6.14 The mitigation measures will form part of the construction phase and therefore the new planting will be immature during construction with existing vegetation protected by visually intrusive fencing, or similar. However, retention of trees and planting of new trees will help to create a setting and structure for the Scheme and some screening of the works. 10.6.15 The sensitivity of the existing vegetation is moderate and the magnitude of change following mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, long-term effect on existing vegetation of moderate negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Change in character of existing PRoW - within the Site 10.6.16 There are a number of existing PRoW which cross the Site, including the Macmillan Way Long Distance Trail and the Midshires Way Long Distance Trail, as well as non-designated PRoW that form long distance trails, namely the Grand Union Canal Walk, along the towpath, all of which will be considerably altered during the construction phase. All of the paths will need to be temporarily diverted during the construction works, altering the views, character and experience of users of the paths as well as the location and quality of the paths. The Site will become a construction site, with construction activity, plant and machinery (including cranes) changing the character of the paths. These paths will be adversely influenced by the uncharacteristic noise and visual clutter of the construction works, which will include temporary artificial lighting and loss of trees.
10.6.17 The sensitivity of the existing PRoW within the Site is moderate to high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on the existing paths within the Site of large negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.18 Path divisions should be clearly signposted and utilise or create alternative routes with adequate surfacing. Paths should be adequately maintained throughout the construction works and reinstated as soon as possible. Where bridges are required to carry PRoW over the Proposed Bypass, these bridges should be installed at the earliest opportunity to help minimise disruption to path users.
Residual Effect 10.6.19 The sensitivity of the existing paths within the Site is moderate to high and the magnitude of change following mitigation is moderate to major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium- term effect on the existing Connectivity and pedestrian movement within the Site of moderate to large negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
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Change in character of existing PRoW – within the wider PRoW network 10.6.20 There are a number of paths which connect to the Site and the paths which cross it, providing access to the wider countryside and settlements. Some of the surrounding paths will have visibility of the construction works where intervening land is flat and open or where paths are located at open topographical high points. These paths will therefore be adversely influenced by the uncharacteristic noise and visual clutter of the construction works, which will include temporary artificial lighting and loss of trees. 10.6.21 The sensitivity of the wider PRoW network is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, temporary, medium-term effect on the wider PRoW network of moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.22 Adjacent paths should be adequately maintained and kept free of construction activity or debris during the construction works. Any hoardings used should be of the same colour and style throughout the works with retained trees protected to BS5837:2012 recommendations.
Residual Effect 10.6.23 The sensitivity of the wider PRoW network is moderate and the magnitude of change following mitigation is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, temporary, medium-term effect on the existing Connectivity and pedestrian movement within the Site of slight to moderate negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Changes to the character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area 10.6.24 The Grand Union Canal Conservation Area traverses the Site and closely follows the alignment of the Canal along this section. The key aspects of the setting of the Conservation Area are the canal itself, the extensive mature vegetation along the Canal corridor and the restricted / partial views of the wider surrounding agricultural landscape and built form within Weedon Bec to the south. 10.6.25 At construction, plant and equipment (particularly taller elements such as lighting column installation and cranes associated with the construction of the Combined Rail and Canal Bridge, see Figure 4.2) will increase noise levels and create new vertical elements into to the skyline, detracting from the existing predominantly enclosed and rural vistas to the south of these assets. A sheet pile training wall is proposed to stabilise the bank on the west side where it has become irregular (see Figure 4.2) and the land on either side of the canal will be raised to allow for the construction of the new bridge and access to it on embankment. 10.6.26 For the majority of the Conservation Area, there are partial/ restricted views of the Site due to the intervening presence of built form, topography and vegetation and therefore there are only limited effects on the setting. Although the usable width of the canal will not be reduced (and the canal and associated towpath will remain open throughout the works) direct effects will result where the Site crosses the Conservation Area resulting in a direct change to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area at this this point. By changing the rural nature of the canal along this stretch to a construction site, the aesthetic value of this asset will be reduced. The construction works are therefore likely to reduce the wider rural setting of the asset as well as localised direct effects on character and views. 10.6.27 The sensitivity of the existing character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on the character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area of large negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
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Mitigation 10.6.28 The effects of the site preparation, earthworks and construction phase upon the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area are, to a certain extent, unavoidable, particularly as the towpath and canal will remain open during the works. As such, no substantive measures beyond the design measures presented in Chapter 4 – Description of the Proposed Scheme are proposed. The following minor mitigation may slightly lesson the effect of the construction works on users of the Conservation Area: Ŷ Site specific lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site-specific Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP); and Ŷ Use of artwork on hoardings, or use of hoardings of the same size, style and colour throughout the works.
Residual Effect 10.6.29 The sensitivity of the character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change is moderate to major. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term residual effect on the character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area of moderate to large negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Changes to the character and setting of Brockhall Registered Park and Garden, Conservation Area and Listed Buildings contained therein 10.6.30 Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area are intrinsically linked to the spatial arrangement of the formal designed landscape of the parkland and Brock Hall Grade II* Listed Building as well as the views from the modern entrance to the park from the south. 10.6.31 At construction, plant and equipment (particularly taller elements such as lighting column installation and cranes associated with the construction of the Brockhall Road Bridge, Green Bridge and Whittle Brook Bridge) will be introduced into the rural views to the south of these assets. In addition, the topsoil stripping and excavation activities associated with the land raising/ cutting, as outlined on the Existing and Proposed Levels Plan (Figure 4.38), will diminish the rural nature of the views to the south. However, the effects will be partially reduced, depending on the location within the Registered Park and Garden/ Conservation Area, by distance from the Site and by existing screening from intervening vegetation and built form. The construction works are therefore likely to reduce the wider rural setting of these assets to the south. 10.6.32 The sensitivity of the existing setting and character of Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of the Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area of moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.33 The effects of the activities associated with the site preparation, earthworks and construction phase of the Proposed Scheme upon Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area are, to a certain extent, unavoidable. However, the following measures may slightly reduce the magnitude of change: Ŷ Uniform hoardings or artwork on hoardings; Ŷ Site specific lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site specific CEMP; and
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Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained / adjacent trees in accordance with BS5837:2012.
Residual Effect 10.6.34 The sensitivity of the setting and character of Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change following mitigation is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, temporary, medium-term residual effect on the setting and character of Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area of slight to moderate negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Changes to the character and setting of Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI 10.6.35 This small area of publically accessible meadow, designated as a SSSI, will be particularly affected by construction of the eastern section of the Site due to its proximity to this section of the Proposed Scheme. The change in character of the Site from Greenfield to one of construction activity, plant, machinery, stockpiles and temporary artificial lighting will alter the wider landscape setting of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI. 10.6.36 The sensitivity of the existing setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI is high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI of moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.37 The effects of the activities associated with the site preparation, earthworks and construction phase of the Proposed Scheme on the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI are, to a certain extent, unavoidable. However, the following measures may slightly reduce the magnitude of change: 10.6.38 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Completion of the eastern section in as short a timescale as possible; Ŷ Site specific lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site specific CEMP; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained/ adjacent trees in accordance with BS5837:2012; and Ŷ Assumed implementation of soft landscape planting in accordance with the Landscape planting plan (Figure 4.40.1 – 4.40.9) to include the use of native species, deciduous and evergreen species; large tree species; and plants of local provenance.
Residual Effect 10.6.39 The sensitivity of the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI is high and the magnitude of change is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI of slight to moderate negative significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 13b: Bugbrooke and Daventry 10.6.40 This rural landscape is already interrupted by transportation networks and high voltage pylons, creating varying levels of tranquillity. The limited woodland allows some more open views across the undulating landscape. The Proposed Scheme will result in changes to the local landform, primarily thorough the location of the Proposed Scheme on embankments to allow the route to pass over existing transportation corridors (mainline railway and Canal). It will create a further urbanising effect on the local landscape character of the area.
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10.6.41 The sensitivity of Character Area 13b is moderate to high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 13b of moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.42 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Site specific construction lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site specific CEMP; Ŷ New tree planting should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity to replace the trees lost; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained/ adjacent trees and hedgerows in accordance with BS5837:2012; Ŷ Assumed implementation of trees to be planted in accordance with the Landscape planting plan (Figure 4.40.1 – 4.40.9) to include the use of native species, deciduous and evergreen species; large tree species; and plants of local provenance; and Ŷ Tidy Site management.
Residual effect 10.6.43 The sensitivity of Character Area 13b is moderate to high and the magnitude of change is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on Character Area 13b of slight to moderate negative significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 13c: Long Buckby 10.6.44 A largely regular undulating agricultural landscape of pasture and arable fields interspersed with limited woodland cover, well treed stream courses and historic assets but disrupted by urbanising influences such as transportation corridors, high voltage pylons and telecommunication masts. The Proposed Scheme will result in changes to the local landform, primarily thorough the location of the Proposed Scheme in cuttings and on embankments, although of similar character to the existing adjacent artificial landform of the M1 motorway. 10.6.45 The sensitivity of Character Area 13c is moderate to high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 13c Long Buckby of moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.46 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Site specific construction lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site specific CEMP; Ŷ New tree planting should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity to replace the trees lost; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained / adjacent trees and hedgerows in accordance with BS5837:2012; Ŷ Assumed implementation of trees to be planted in accordance with the Landscape planting plan (Figure 4.40.1 – 4.40.9) to include the use of native species, deciduous and evergreen species; large tree species; and plants of local provenance; and Ŷ Tidy Site management.
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Residual effect 10.6.47 The sensitivity of Character Area 13c is moderate to high and the magnitude of change is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on Character Area 13c Long Buckby of slight to moderate negative significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 18a: The Nene - Long Buckby to Weedon Bec 10.6.48 This rural character area contains a mix of agricultural farmland interspersed with occasional farmsteads and dwellings. This section is dominated by the Grand Union Canal located on the edges of the character area, with the River Nene being generally inconspicuous within the landscape. Infrastructure elements are intrusive and audible within the character area, and the Proposed Scheme will add a further urbanising element into the local landscape, albeit in character with existing transportation routes. 10.6.49 The sensitivity of Character Area 18a is low to moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 18a Long Buckby to Weedon Bec of slight to moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.50 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Site specific construction lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site specific CEMP; Ŷ New tree planting should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity to replace the trees lost; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained/ adjacent trees and hedgerows in accordance with BS5837:2012; Ŷ Assumed implementation of trees to be planted in accordance with the Landscape planting plan (4.40.1 – 4.40.9) to include the use of native species, deciduous and evergreen species; large tree species; and plants of local provenance; and Ŷ Tidy Site management.
Residual effect 10.6.51 The sensitivity of Character Area 18a is low to moderate and the magnitude of change is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on Character Area 18a Long Buckby to Weedon Bec of slight negative significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 18b: The Nene - Weedon Bec to Duston Mill 10.6.52 The River Nene provides a key feature in the character area, although its dominance varies throughout it. The character area is heavily settled and views along the river valley are generally wide and panoramic but are contained beyond the corridor by intervening vegetation and surrounding landform. The Proposed Scheme will create a further, slight, urbanising element into the local landscape, albeit in character with existing transportation routes. 10.6.53 The sensitivity of Character Area 18b is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 18b of slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
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Mitigation 10.6.54 No additional mitigation required as new vegetation within the Site will continue to mature over time and add to the wider treed character of the Site.
Residual effect 10.6.55 The sensitivity of Character Area 18b is moderate and the magnitude of change remains minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on Character Area 18b of slight negative significance.
Changes in Visual Amenity 10.6.56 The Site is partially surrounded by built form, and by surrounding transportation networks, including the West Coast Mainline Railway and the M1 motorway, the latter of which typically has belts of screen planting in the form of trees and shrubs. In surrounding views the Site is therefore not readily visible due to surrounding trees, undulating topography and existing built form. During construction, the character of the Site will alter considerably, to one of busy, noisy activity, containing security lighting at night, plant, material stockpiles, lighting columns and unfinished workings. Further details regarding changes to views are detailed in Table 10.11. 10.6.57 The sensitivity of the identified representative viewpoints ranges from low to high, with a magnitude of change prior to mitigation ranging from negligible-minor to major. There is therefore likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term effect on visual receptors ranging from slight to very large negative significance (worst case scenario) during the construction phase prior to mitigation.
Mitigation 10.6.58 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting to minimise light spill and glare in accordance with a Site-specific CEMP; Ŷ Keeping the Site, entrances and access roads tidy to reduce the visual clutter associated with building works; Ŷ Any hoardings used should be of the same colour and style throughout the works; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained/ adjacent trees and hedgerows in accordance with BS5837:2012; Ŷ New tree planting should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity to replace the trees lost; and Ŷ Assumed implementation of trees to be planted in accordance with the Landscape planting plan (Figure 4.40.1 – 4.40.9) to include the use of native species, deciduous and evergreen species; large tree species; and plants of local provenance.
Residual effect 10.6.59 The sensitivity of the identified representative viewpoints ranges from low to high, with a magnitude of change following mitigation ranging from no change-minor to major. There is therefore likely to be a direct, temporary, medium-term residual effect on visual receptors ranging from neutral to large negative significance (worst case scenario) during the construction phase. 10.6.60 Table 10.11 below summarises the construction effects on visual receptors.
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Table 10.11: Summary of construction effects on visual receptors
Viewpoint Name, Effect Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Location & Magnitude prior to Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change Effect Figure reference mitigation mitigation
The taller elements of the construction works may be visible from Ŷ Limited mitigation available although this view (such as lighting column installation and bridge the following may assist: construction), although much of the activity is likely to be screened Viewpoint 1 Ŷ Low level or directional temporary by the intervening vegetation and undulating topography. The 2, the Green, Minor - Moderate Minor - Moderate construction activity may also be audible and loss of some mature High lighting; Dodford moderate negative moderate negative trees around the western end of the Site may also be discernible. Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; and Construction of the taller elements and assocaited construction Figure 10.4.1 noise are likely to be seen in the context of existing dstrupting Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to elements (including telegraph poles and wires and existing traffic BS 5837: 2012. noise).
The taller elements of the construction works are likely to be Viewpoint 2 clearly visible from this view (particularly lighting column installation, cranes and bridge construction), although much of the 1, Willow End, Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Ŷ As above Moderate lower-level activity is likely to be screened by the intervening Dodford negative negative vegetation and ridgeline in the middle distance. The construction Figure 10.4.1 activity is likley to be clearly audible and loss of some mature trees around the western end of the Site may also be discernible.
Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting; Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; The construction works will be clearly visible through gaps in the boundary vegetation and particularly in winter. Hoardings, plant, Viewpoint 3 Ŷ Tidy Site, entrances and access roads; machinery and construction noise, lighting and activity will all be Weedon Lane Very large Large discernible and disrupt the generally rural and tranquil view, High Major Major (canal bridge) negative Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the negative although the tranquillity is regularly disrupted by the proximity, same colour and style throughout the noise and visibility of the mainline railway line. The construction of Figure 10.4.2 works and of a muted colour to limit the Combined Canal and Rail Bridge (Figure 4.2) will be views into the Site from this location; particularly noticeable due to its height. and Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Viewpoint 4 Slight - This public viewpoint experiences considerable noise and visual Moderate - Minor - Slight moderate Ŷ As above Minor intrusion from the adjacent motorway, which limits the effects of high moderate negative M1 overpass, negative the more distant construction activities on the Site. The immediately south construction of the Green Bridge (Figure 4.4) will be particularly
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Viewpoint Name, Effect Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Location & Magnitude prior to Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change Effect Figure reference mitigation mitigation
of Brook's noticeable due to its height. Where the Site is visible, the Plantation Figure construction activity will be clearly noticeable, increasing the 10.4.2 urbanising effect of the Site in the view.
Ŷ Limited mitigation available although the following may assist: Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting; The proximity of this view to the Site will result in clear views of the Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; construction activities, particularly of the Green Bridge (Figure 4.4). As the view is taken from one of the PRoW across the Site, Viewpoint 5 Ŷ Tidy Site, entrances and access the existing path will no longer be accessible in the foreground of roads; the view, being diverted or temporarily closed. The slight ridgeline ProW through in the middle distance will screen some of the activity from view, Broamenthill Large Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the Large Moderate Major Major but the earthworks here involve the Link Road being in slight Spinney (north of negative same colour and style throughout the negative works and of a muted colour; cutting and the creation of some embankments to grade the Hillside Road) landscape up to the new green bridge installation, in the centre of Figure 10.4.3 Ŷ Installation of the green bridge at the the view. Loss of hedgerow and hedgerow trees in the middle easliest opportunity to minimise the distance will allow glimpsed views through the gap towards further disruption of the construction construction activity which will be a dominant and very activities in the view; and uncharacteristic element in the view. Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Ŷ Low level or directional temporary The Proposed Bypass will be in cutting in the centre of the view, lighting; Viewpoint 6 beyond the M1 motorway with its thick vegetation screening belt, Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; and therefore much of the lower-level activity is likely to be Brington Road, Moderate - screened. However, the taller elements of the construction works Moderate - Moderate Flore, North of Moderate large Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the Moderate may be visible from this view (such as construction of the Brington major negative Oxhouse Farm negative same colour and style throughout the Road and Brockhall Road Bridges Figures 4.6 and 4.5 works and of a muted colour; and respectively) as well as more ground-level activity to the centre Figure 10.4.3 and left of the view where the view is more open, particularly in Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to winter. The construction activity is likely to be clearly audible. BS 5837: 2012.
Viewpoint 7 Slight - Construction of the taller elements of the works may be visible Minor - Slight Moderate moderate Ŷ As above Minor from this view (such as construction of the Upper Heyford Farm moderate negative Glassthorpehill negative Bridge Figure 4.9), with only partial screening in winter. Views will public footpath, off remain largely glimpsed and distant in the view, adding
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Viewpoint Name, Effect Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Location & Magnitude prior to Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change Effect Figure reference mitigation mitigation
Glassthorpe Lane uncharacteristic elements into the view, but set against a foreground of untidy paddocks and wire fences. Figure 10.4.4
Viewpoint 8 There are likely to be views of the construction works (particularly taller elements such as lighting columns) beyond intervening Bugbrooke Mills Slight - Minor - Moderate vegetation, particularly in winter. The rural view will be slightly PRoW (Nene High Ŷ As above Minor moderate moderate negative disrupted by uncharacteristic visual clutter and activity in the Way) off Mill Lane negative middle distance and the works are likely to be audible across the Figure 10.4.4 SSSI.
Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting; Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; Much of the construction activities will be screened from view Viewpoint 9 beyond intervening built form, topography and vegetation but Ŷ Tidy Site, entrances and access Moderate - glimpsed views of construction, particularly of the taller elements Public Footpath, Moderate - roads; Moderate Moderate large Moderate (such as lighting column installation and construction of the Upper Upper Heyford major negative negative Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the Heyford Farm Bridge (Figure 4.9) are likely to be visible from this Figure 10.4.5 same colour and style throughout the short distance view. The construction activity may also be audible works and of a muted colour; and above existing traffic noise. Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Viewpoint 10 Views of the construction works will be limited due to the Moderate- Slight Slight intervening vegetation, but in winter, the construction activity, Heyford Lane Minor Ŷ None additional required Minor high negative negative particularly associated with the taller elements, is likely to be Figure 10.4.5 visible. There is limited mitigation available for the taller elements.
Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting; Viewpoint 11 Although the foreground topography screens part of the Site, the Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; construction activities (particularly earthworks and construction of Macmillan Way Moderate- Moderate - Large Ŷ Tidy Site, entrances and access Moderate - the Brington Road Bridge Figure 4.6) are likely to be clearly visible Public footpath off Moderate just beyond the ridgeline of the hill in the middle distance. high major negative roads; large negative A45 in Flore Earthworks, construction activity, noise and artificial lighting will Figure 10.4.6 Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the considerably disrupt the rural impression of the view. same colour and style throughout the works and of a muted colour; and
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Viewpoint Name, Effect Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Location & Magnitude prior to Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change Effect Figure reference mitigation mitigation
Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Ŷ Limited mitigation available although the following may assist: Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting; The proximity of the view to the Site and the rising ground will Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; result in clear visibility of the construction activities across the view, with all the uncharacteristic noise, plant, materials, artificial Viewpoint 12 Ŷ Tidy Site, entrances and access lighting and activity associated with the construction works being roads; visible and audible, particularly in relation to the construction of the Hillside Road – Large Large Green Bridge (Figure 4.4). As the view is taken from one of the north of Hobhill Moderate Major Major negative Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the negative PRoW across the Site, the existing path will no longer be Farm same colour and style throughout the accessible in the foreground of the view, being diverted or works and of a muted colour; Figure 10.4.6 temporarily closed. Loss of hedgerow and hedgerow trees in the Ŷ Installation of the green bridge at the middle distance will allow glimpsed views through the gap towards easliest opportunity to minimise the further construction activity which will be a dominant and very disruption of the construction uncharacteristic feature across the view. activities in the view; and Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Ŷ Low level or directional temporary lighting; Viewpoint 13a Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; The rising ground allows some screening of the Site beyond the Moderate - residential property on the skyline but construction activity, Hillside Road – Moderate - Moderate Moderate large Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the Moderate particularly of taller elements such as the Green Bridge and looking west major negative negative same colour and style throughout the Combined Canal and Rail Bridge (Figures 4.2), will be clearly Figure 10.4.7 works and of a muted colour; and visible intruding into the skyline of the view. Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
The sloping ground away from the viewpoint allows clear views Viewpoint 13b across rural foreground towards the construction activities. The Moderate - Hillside Road – Moderate - Moderate road will largely be in cutting, with a backdrop of the M1 motorway Moderate large Ŷ As above Moderate looking east major negative and rising hills beyond but construction of the elevated elements negative (such as Brockhall Road Bridge and Brington Road Bridge) will be Figure 10.4.7 clearly discernible in the view.
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Viewpoint Name, Effect Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Location & Magnitude prior to Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change Effect Figure reference mitigation mitigation
The open, slightly elevated view and proximity to the Site will allow clear views of the construction activities, and particularly of the Viewpoint 14 Whilton Brook bridge and the Combined Canal and Rail Bridge (Figure 4.2). The rural landscape of mature trees and hedgerows Field access gate Moderate Moderate – Moderate Low Major Ŷ As above will help screen some of the construction activities, but in winter off A45 Flore Hill negative major negative there will be clear views of the uncharacteristic visual clutter, Figure 10.4.7 stockpiles, hoardings, machinery and artificial lighting associated with the construction works, particularly with the taller elements which wil be very uncharacteristic in the view.
Ŷ Limited mitigation available although the following may assist: Ŷ Low level or directional temporary Viewpoint 15 lighting; Much of the construction activity will be screened from view Nene Valley/ Slight - Minor - Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; Slight beyond the brow of the hill and intervening vegetation, but Macmillan Way off Moderate moderate Minor moderate negative construction of the taller elements, particularly in winter, may be the A5 negative Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the visible on the skyline and between vegetation in the distance. same colour and style throughout the Figure 10.4.8 works and of a muted colour; and Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Viewpoint 16 This elevated, open panoramic view across arable fields towards Field access off the Site will allow views of the construction activities as part of the Farthginstone Road Slight wider landscape. The uncharacteristic clutter of the construction Low Moderate Ŷ None additional requried Moderate Slight adverse opposite Weedon adverse activities, including artificial lighting, hoardings, plant, materials, Hill Farm stockpiles and unfinished structures will disrupt the wider rural character of the view. Figure 10.4.8
Viewpoint 17 This elevated, open panoramic view across arable fields towards the Site will allow views of the construction activities as part of the Roman Road, east Slight Slight wider landscape. The uncharacteristic clutter of the construction of Blacksmiths Moderate Minor Ŷ None additional requried Minor negative negative activities, including artificial lighting, hoardings, plant, materials, Lane stockpiles and unfinished structures will disrupt part of the wider Figure 10.4.9 rural character of the view.
Viewpoint 18 High Minor Slight - Ŷ Low level or directional temporary Negligible - Slight This elevated, open panoramic view across a rural arable
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Viewpoint Name, Effect Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Location & Magnitude prior to Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change Effect Figure reference mitigation mitigation
Macmillan Way moderate lighting; minor negative landscape will allow views of the construction activities as part of Public footpath off negative the wider landscape, albeit partially screened by intervening Main Street, Ŷ Site-specific CEMP; topography and vegetation. The uncharacteristic clutter of the Church Stowe Ŷ All hoardings to be solid and of the construction activities, including artificial lighting, hoardings, plant, materials, stockpiles and unfinished structures will disrupt part of Figure 10.4.9 same colour and style throughout the works and of a muted colour; and the wider rural character of the view. Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Viewpoint 19 Much of the construction activity will be screened from view Nene Way, north Negligible Slight Negligible - Slight beyond intervening vegetation, topogrpahy and built form but of Home Farm, High Ŷ None additional required - minor negative minor negative construction of the taller elements are likely to be visible in the far Little Everdon distance, although not readily discernible. Figure 10.4.10
Viewpoint 20 Much of the construction activity will be screened beyond the local Layby on the A45, Slight Slight ridgeline to the east of Dodford but construction of the taller Low Minor Ŷ None additional required Minor Daventry negative negative elements are likely to be visible in the distance, creating an element of uncharacteristic visual intrusion into the wider view. Figure 10.4.10
Viewpoint 21 The construction activities will be largely screened from view, Poets Way, south Negligible Negligible - Low Neutral Ŷ None additional required Neutral although construction of the tallest elements may be just of Brickhill Barn - minor minor discernible. Figure 10.4.11
Viewpoint 22 The construction activities will be largely screened from view but construction of the taller elements are likely to be visible in the Borough Hill, Negligible Slight Negligible - Slight High Ŷ None additional required distance, creating a small element of uncharacteristic visual Daventry - minor negative minor negative intrusion into the wider view. Figure 10.4.11
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Operational Phase Design Solutions and Assumptions 10.6.61 Where necessary, the assessment of post-construction effects has been based on the visual and landscape effect immediately after construction in winter as part of the pre-mitigation effects and the residual effects post mitigation as 15 years following completion of the Proposed Scheme in summer. This allows for growth of any mitigation planting, where applicable. 10.6.62 Design iterations have been undertaken in response to discussions and comments such that potentially negative effects have been designed out wherever possible. The key elements of the Proposed Scheme at operation that relate to landscape and visual issues are outlined below: Ŷ Continued growth of retained trees within and adjacent to the Site; Ŷ Establishment and growth of new areas of trees and shrubs to contain native species, ornamental varieties and some evergreen species to provide winter cover, visual interest and seasonal variety; Ŷ Establishment and growth of new wildflower meadow and amenity grassland, with new wetland areas around drainage ponds; and Ŷ High quality lighting installed to minimise light spill and glare comprising of 10m tall columns and in accordance with Comité Européen de Normalisation’s (CEN) EN 13201-S ‘Road lighting – Part 2: Performance requirements’ and British Standard (BS) 5489-1: 2013 ‘Code of practice for the design of road lighting. Lighting of roads and public amenity areas’
Change in quantum or size of Site vegetation, including trees 10.6.63 At Year 1 the new planting will be immature but the retained vegetation and to a limited degree the new planting, will establish and grow during the operational phase Year 1, including areas of new tree and shrub planting, wildflower meadow planting and amenity grassland. The character of the Site will become one of predominantly hard-standing along its length but edged with a greater variety of habitats and vegetation. 10.6.64 The sensitivity of the existing vegetation is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on existing vegetation of slight to moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures as vegetation will not yet have matured at Year 1.
Mitigation 10.6.65 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ Replacement of any trees that die for a minimum of five years with trees of suitable species and size; Ŷ Replacement of any grassland that dies for a minimum of two years; Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits. This should include the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees; and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy. 10.6.66 Monitoring the establishment and growth of proposed and retained planting, the suitability of tree species and the suitability of lighting should also be undertaken.
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Residual Effect 10.6.67 The sensitivity of the existing vegetation is moderate and the magnitude of change following mitigation is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on existing vegetation of slight negative significance by Year 15 following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Change in Character of existing PRoW - within the Site 10.6.68 At operation, the existing public rights of way across the Site will be retained, with new bridge crossings over the Proposed Scheme including a 'green' bridge. Paths will be diverted in order to cross the road either via a new bridge crossing (such as the 'Green' bridge) so existing provision will be retained, but permanently diverted. Users of the path will now have to cross an additional highway. 10.6.69 The sensitivity of the existing PRoW within the Site is moderate to high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on the existing paths within the Site of moderate to large negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.70 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ Ensure reinstated/ new paths are adequately maintained, surfaced and signposted to enable continued use; and Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits. This should include the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees. 10.6.71 Monitoring the establishment and growth of proposed and retained planting, the suitability of tree species and the suitability of lighting should also be undertaken.
Residual Effect 10.6.72 The sensitivity of the existing paths within the Site is moderate to high and the magnitude of change following mitigation is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long- term residual effect on the existing paths within the Site of moderate negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Change in Character of existing PRoW - wider PRoW network 10.6.73 The informal access in the vicinity of the Site, including a number of paths which lie adjacent, will be adversely influenced by the uncharacteristic lighting, noise and hard surfacing of the Site, although the paths will link in to a Site with greater accessibility across it. Overall there will be greater accessibility across and within the Site. 10.6.74 The sensitivity of the wider PRoW network is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, permanent, long-term effect on the wider PRoW network of slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.75 The following mitigation is recommended:
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Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ Ensure reinstated/ new paths are adequately maintained, surfaced and signposted to enable continued use; and Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits. This should include the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees.
Residual Effect 10.6.76 The sensitivity of the wider PRoW network is moderate and the magnitude of change following mitigation is negligible. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, permanent, long-term residual effect on the existing connectivity and pedestrian movement within the wider PRoW network of neutral to slight negative significance following the implementation of mitigation measures.
Changes to the character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area 10.6.77 At operation, the built form of the Dodmoor Canal and Rail Bridge (Figure 4.2) will detract from the traditional semi-rural scale and grain of the canal at this point, restricting some longer views along the Conservation Area and creating a new visual element above the canal with moving traffic and associated noise. The character and appearance of the Conservation Area will be permanently altered by enclosing this section of the canal, which has historically been open and providing a new termination point for views along the canal. However, the design of the proposed bridge is in-keeping to that of existing bridges in the vicinity (particularly Dodmoor Canal Bridge to the north) and will be brick-faced, as shown in Figure 4.2, allowing some continuity of built form within the Conservation Area. The creation of landscape planting and areas of woodland along the canal corridor as shown on the Landscape Planting Plan (Figure 4.40.2), will also provide some limited screening along and out of the Conservation Area, particularly during summer months but there will be considerable, though localised change to the character and views of the Conservation Area at this location. 10.6.78 The sensitivity of the existing setting and character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area of moderate negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.79 The effects of the operational phase are, to a certain extent, unavoidable and therefore there are very limited additional substantive measures beyond those included in the design of the Proposed Scheme as described within Chapter 4 - Description of the Proposed Scheme. However, the following will help to ensure tree screening and vegetation contributes to the wider rural setting of the Conservation Area: Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ Replacement of any trees that die for a minimum of five years with trees of suitable species and size; Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits. This should include the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees; and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
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Residual Effect 10.6.80 The sensitivity of the setting and character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change is minor to moderate. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on the setting and character of the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area of minor to moderate negative significance.
Changes to the character and setting of Brockhall Registered Park and Garden, Conservation Area and Listed Buildings contained therein 10.6.81 At operation, it is anticipated that the new road will introduce further hard-surfaced and urban influences into the wider setting of Brockhall, particularly elevated structures such as the structures and signage associated with the Green Bridge. New landscape planting, including shrub planting and low density woodland as illustrated on the Landscape Planting Plan (Figure 4.40.4) will help to screen the new road and associated structures and help to reinforce the historically rural nature of the surrounding area and views. Given the foreground presence of the M1 motorway, it is not anticipated that noise from vehicles using the new road will be audible from these assets, with views increasingly screened by vegetation over time. 10.6.82 The sensitivity of the existing setting and character of Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of the Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area of neutral to slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.83 The effects of the operational phase are, to a certain extent, unavoidable but very small. As such, there are no required additional substantive measures beyond those included in the design of the Proposed Scheme as described within Chapter 4 - Description of the Proposed Scheme.
Residual Effect 10.6.84 The sensitivity of the existing setting and character of Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area is moderate and the magnitude of change following mitigation remains negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, permanent, long- term effect on the setting and character of the Brockhall Grade II Registered Historic Park and Garden and Brockhall Conservation Area of neutral to slight negative significance.
Changes to the character and setting of Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI 10.6.85 Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI will be adversely affected by the eastern section of the Proposed Scheme due to its proximity. The change in character of the Site from Greenfield to one of hardstanding, artificial lighting and traffic will slightly alter the wider landscape setting of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI, although this setting will be seen and heard within the context of the existing M1 motorway and highway infrastructure. 10.6.86 The sensitivity of the existing setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI is high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI of slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.87 The following mitigation is recommended:
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Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits, including the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees; Ŷ Replacement of any trees that die for a minimum of five years with trees of suitable species and size; Ŷ Replacement of any grassland that dies for a minimum of two years; Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy; and Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting.
Residual Effect 10.6.88 The sensitivity of the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI is high and the magnitude of change is negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be an indirect, permanent, long-term residual effect on the setting and character of the Bugbrooke Meadows SSSI of neutral to slight negative significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 13b: Bugbrooke and Daventry 10.6.89 This rural landscape is already interrupted by transportation networks and high voltage pylons, creating varying levels of tranquillity. The limited woodland allows some more open views across the undulating landscape. The Proposed Scheme will result in changes to the local landform, primarily thorough the location of the Proposed Scheme on embankment to allow the route to pass over existing transportation corridors (such as the mainline railway and Canal). It will create a further urbanising effect but one in character with existing features in the local landscape. 10.6.90 The sensitivity of Character Area 13b is moderate to high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 13b of slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.91 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits, including the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees; Ŷ Replacement of any trees that die for a minimum of five years with trees of suitable species and size; Ŷ Replacement of any grassland that dies for a minimum of two years; Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy; and Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting.
Residual effect 10.6.92 The sensitivity of Character Area 13b is moderate to high and the magnitude of change is negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on Character Area 13b of neutral to slight negative significance.
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Changes to the character of Character Area 13c: Long Buckby 10.6.93 A largely regular undulating agricultural landscape of pasture and arable fields interspersed with limited woodland cover, well treed stream courses and historic assets but which are disrupted by urbanising influences such as transportation corridors, high voltage pylons and telecommunication masts. The Proposed Scheme will result in changes to the local landform, primarily thorough the location of the Proposed Scheme in cutting, although of similar character to the existing adjacent artificial landform of the M1 motorway. 10.6.94 The sensitivity of Character Area 13c is moderate to high and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 13c Long Buckby of slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.95 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits, including the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees; Ŷ Replacement of any trees that die for a minimum of five years with trees of suitable species and size; Ŷ Replacement of any grassland that dies for a minimum of two years; Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy; and Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting.
Residual effect 10.6.96 The sensitivity of Character Area 13c is moderate to high and the magnitude of change is negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on Character Area 13c Long Buckby of neutral to slight negative significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 18a: The Nene - Long Buckby to Weedon Bec 10.6.97 This rural character area contains a mix of agricultural farmland interspersed with occasional farmsteads and dwellings. This section is dominated by the Grand Union Canal located on the edges of the character area, with the River Nene being generally inconspicuous within the landscape. Infrastructure elements are intrusive and audible within the character area, and the Proposed Scheme will add a further urbanising element into the local landscape, albeit in character with existing transportation routes. 10.6.98 The sensitivity of Character Area 18a is low to moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 18a Long Buckby to Weedon Bec of neutral significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.99 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ None required
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Residual effect 10.6.100 The sensitivity of Character Area 18a is low to moderate and the magnitude of change remains negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on Character Area 18a Long Buckby to Weedon Bec of neutral significance.
Changes to the character of Character Area 18b: The Nene - Weedon Bec to Duston Mill 10.6.101 The River Nene provides a key feature in the character area, although its dominance varies throughout it. The character area is heavily settled and views along the river valley are generally wide and panoramic but are contained beyond the corridor by intervening vegetation and surrounding landform. The Proposed Scheme will create a further, slight, urbanising element into the local landscape, albeit in character with existing transportation routes. 10.6.102 The sensitivity of Character Area 18b is moderate and the magnitude of change prior to mitigation is negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on the setting and character of Character Area 18b of neutral to slight negative significance prior to the implementation of mitigation measures.
Mitigation 10.6.103 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ None required
Residual effect 10.6.104 The sensitivity of Character Area 18b is moderate and the magnitude of change remains negligible to minor. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on Character Area 18b of neutral to slight negative significance.
Changes in Visual Amenity 10.6.105 The Site is largely surrounded by agricultural land, although the M1 Motorway, located in cutting, follows the eastern extent of the Proposed Scheme. Much of the Site crosses relatively flat or gently undulating land, which allows long views across open landscapes, but also serves to limit views where interrupted by vegetation or built form. During operation, the character of the Site will alter from greenfield to brownfield, containing hard standing, lighting and vehicles, albeit in character with surrounding highways. New tree planting will be immature in year 1, with limited ability to offer any screening effect until it has matured. Further details regarding changes to views are detailed in Table 10.12. 10.6.106 The sensitivity of the identified representative viewpoints ranges from low to high, with a magnitude of change prior to mitigation ranging from no change to major. There is therefore likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term effect on visual receptors ranging from neutral to large negative significance (worst case scenario) during the construction phase prior to mitigation.
Mitigation 10.6.107 The following mitigation is recommended: Ŷ Monitor the suitability of the installed lighting scheme installed to minimise light spill and glare; Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted vegetation through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ Replacement of any trees that die for a minimum of five years with trees of suitable species and size; Ŷ Replacement of any grassland or wildflower vegetation that dies for a minimum of two years;
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Ŷ All vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits as outlined in Chapter 9 Ecology and Nature Conservation. This should include the management of hedgerows to encourage the formation of hedgerow trees; and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
Residual effect 10.6.108 The sensitivity of the identified representative viewpoints ranges from low to high, with a magnitude of change following mitigation ranging from no change to moderate - major. There is therefore likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term residual effect on visual receptors ranging from neutral to moderate - large negative significance (worst case scenario) following the implementation of mitigation measures at year 15. Table 10.12 below summarises the operational effects on visual receptors.
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Table 10.12: Summary of Operational Effects on Visual Receptors
Viewpoint Name, Effect prior to Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Effect Location & Magnitude mitigation Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change (Year 15) Figure reference (Year 1) mitigation
Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting; Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation; Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs for a Viewpoint 1 minimum of five years; The majority of the site will be screened from Slight - 2, the Green, Negligible - view, although lighting columns and High Minor moderate Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of Slight negative Dodford minor headlights, particularly in winter, may be negative two years; visible above existing vegetation. Figure 10.4.1 Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
Viewpoint 2 The majority of the view would remain the 1, Willow End, Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree same, although lighting columns and Moderate Minor Slight negative Minor Slight negative Dodford growth headlights, particularly in winter, may be visible above existing vegetation. Figure 10.4.1
Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting; Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation;
Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs for a The foreground would remain unaltered, but Viewpoint 3 minimum of five years; the Combined Canal and Rail Bridge and Weedon Lane Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of Moderate to large elevated road sections would be clearly visible High Moderate Large negative Moderate in the middle distance with a reduction in (canal bridge) two years; negative vegetation cover and replacement with Figure 10.4.2 Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; elevated hard-standing, lighting and signage. and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
Viewpoint 4 The Site will be visible beyond the motorway, Moderate - Neglgible - Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree Neglgible - Slight negative Slight negative but partially softened by the Proposed Scheme M1 overpass, high minor growth minor in the most part being in cutting and the growth immediately south of new vegetation around the Green Bridge.
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Viewpoint Name, Effect prior to Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Effect Location & Magnitude mitigation Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change (Year 15) Figure reference (Year 1) mitigation
of Brook's The Green Bridge will be visible due to its Plantation Figure height, but will be partially softened by some 10.4.2 vegetation across it.
Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation; The proximity of this view to the Site will result Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs in clear views of the Proposed Scheme, Viewpoint 5 (including Green bridge hedgerow) for a particularly of the green bridge over which the minimum of five years; PRoW will now be located and which will ProW through dominate the centre of the view. The Proposed Broamenthill Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of Moderate - large Moderate Major Large negative Major Scheme will be in a cutting to the left of the Spinney (north of two years; negative view, partially screened by vegetation, and Hillside Road) Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; partially screened to the right of the view by Figure 10.4.3 and vegetation. The Proposed Scheme and Green Bridge will be dominant and uncharacteristic Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term elements in the view. maintenance and management strategy.
The Proposed Scheme will be in cutting in the centre of the view, beyond the M1 motorway, both with vegetation screening belts and Viewpoint 6 therefore much of the Site will be screened,. However, the taller elements (namely Brington Brington Road, Slight - Minor - Road and Brockhall Road Bridges Figures 4.5 Flore, North of Moderate moderate Ŷ As above Minor Slight negative moderate and 4.6 respectively) may be visible, as well Oxhouse Farm negative as headlights to the centre and left of the view Figure 10.4.3 where the view is slightly more open, particularly in winter. The character of the Proposed Scheme will be in keeping with M1 Motorway in front of it.
Viewpoint 7 The majority of the view will remain unaltered Glassthorpehill Neglgible - Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree Neglgible - although the tops of lighting columns and glare public footpath, off Moderate Slight negative Slight negative minor growth minor from headlights may be visible, particularly in Glassthorpe Lane winter. Figure 10.4.4
Viewpoint 8 Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting; Neglgible - There are likely to be glimpsed views of the High Minor Slight - Slight negative minor Proposed Scheme beyond intervening Bugbrooke Mills moderate Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation; vegetation, particularly in winter. The rural
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Viewpoint Name, Effect prior to Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Effect Location & Magnitude mitigation Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change (Year 15) Figure reference (Year 1) mitigation
PRoW (Nene negative Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs view will be slightly disrupted by further Way) off Mill Lane (including Green bridge hedgerow) for a highway infrastructure, lighting columns and minimum of five years; headlights in the middle distance, partially Figure 10.4.4 softened over time by new tree planting Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of around the junction. two years; Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting; Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation;
Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs Much of the view will remain unaltered, with Viewpoint 9 (including Green bridge hedgerow) for a the Proposed Scheme located beyond Slight - minimum of five years; intervening built form, topography and Public Footpath, Minor - Moderate moderate Minor Slight negative vegetation but glimpsed views of the taller Upper Heyford moderate Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of negative two years; elements as well as glare from headlights, are Figure 10.4.5 likely to be visible from this short distance Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; view. and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
Viewpoint 10 The majority of the view will remain unaltered, Moderate- Neglgible - Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree Neglgible - Heyford Lane Slight negative Slight negative but light spill from headlights may be high minor growth minor discernible, particularly in winter. Figure 10.4.5
Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation; The foreground topography screens much of Viewpoint 11 the Site (in cutting at this point), and the M1 Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs Macmillan Way motorway beyond, but it is likely that elements Moderate- Minor - Moderate (including Green bridge hedgerow) for a Slight - moderate Public footpath off Minor of the Proposed Scheme may be discernible, high moderate negative minimum of five years; negative A45 in Flore including users of the Brington Road Bridge (Figure 4.6) and glare from headlights, Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of Figure 10.4.6 two years; particularly in winter. Proposed vegetation will help to screen these views over time,
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Viewpoint Name, Effect prior to Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Effect Location & Magnitude mitigation Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change (Year 15) Figure reference (Year 1) mitigation
Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; particularly in summer. and Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy.
Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation; The proximity of this view to the Site will result Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs in clear views of the Proposed Scheme, (including Green bridge hedgerow) for a Viewpoint 12 particularly of the Green Bridge (Figure 4.4). minimum of five years; over which the PRoW will now be located and Hillside Road – Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of Moderate - large which will dominate the centre of the view. The north of Hobhill Moderate Major Large negative Major two years; negative Proposed Scheme will be largely screened by Farm a thick belt of new woodland planting, although Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; Figure 10.4.6 the Green Bridge will be a dominant and and uncharacteristic element in the centre of the Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term view. maintenance and management strategy.
The rising ground allows some screening of the Site beyond the residential property on the Viewpoint 13a skyline but the taller elements such as the Hillside Road – Moderate Minor - Slight - moderate Green Bridge and Combined Canal and Rail Moderate Moderate Ŷ As above looking west negative moderate negative Bridge (Figures 4.4 and 4.2 respectively) will be clearly visible, intruding into the skyline of Figure 10.4.7 the view. These will be softened by boundary planting over time.
The sloping ground away from the viewpoint allows clear views across the rural foreground Viewpoint 13b towards the Site (and Brockhall Road Bridge Hillside Road – Minor - Moderate Minor - Slight - moderate and Brington Road Bridge in particular), Moderate Ŷ As above looking east moderate negative moderate negative although the vegetation and the road in cutting at this point will provide much screening and Figure 10.4.7 will retain the backdrop of the M1 motorway and rising hills beyond.
Viewpoint 14 The open, slightly elevated view and proximity Minor - Neutral to slight to the Site will allow clear views of the Field access gate Low Moderate Slight negative Ŷ As above moderate negative Proposed Scheme, and particularly of the off A45 Flore Hill Whilton Brook Bridge and the Combined Canal
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Viewpoint Name, Effect prior to Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Effect Location & Magnitude mitigation Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change (Year 15) Figure reference (Year 1) mitigation
Figure 10.4.8 and Rail Bridge (Figures 4.3 and 4.2 respectively). The rural landscape of mature trees and hedgerows will help screen some of the Site, along with the new tree and shrub planting on the embankments. In winter there are likely to be clearer views of the Site, including headlights, disrupting the largely rural character of the view.
Viewpoint 15 The majority of the view will remain unaltered, Nene Valley/ Negligible Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree Negligible - although in winter there may be glimpses of Macmillan Way off Moderate Slight negative Slight negative - minor growth minor light glare from headlights and lighting the A5 columns. Figure 10.4.8
Viewpoint 16 This elevated, open panoramic view across arable fields towards the Site will allow views Field access off of the Proposed Scheme to be seen as part of Farthginstone Road Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree the wider landscape. It will add a further man- Low Minor Slight negative Minor Slight negative opposite Weedon growth made structure into the view which will slightly Hill Farm detract from its rural character but will be in character with the surrounding built form and Figure 10.4.9 highways.
Viewpoint 17 This elevated, open panoramic view across arable fields towards the Site will allow views Roman Road, east Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree of the Proposed Scheme as part of the wider of Blacksmiths Moderate Minor Slight negative Minor Slight negative growth landscape. The highway, with its lighting Lane columns and will disrupt part of the wider rural Figure 10.4.9 character of the view.
Viewpoint 18 This elevated, open panoramic view across a Macmillan Way rural arable landscape will allow views of the Public footpath off Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree High Negligible Slight negative Negligible Slight negative Proposed Scheme as part of the wider Main Street, growth landscape, albeit much of it screened by Church Stowe intervening topography and vegetation. Figure 10.4.10
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Viewpoint Name, Effect prior to Magnitude Sensitivity Residual Effect Location & Magnitude mitigation Mitigation following Key Changes to the View to Change (Year 15) Figure reference (Year 1) mitigation
Viewpoint 19 Nene Way, north There will be no discernible change to the of Home Farm, High No change Neutral Ŷ None required No change Neutral view. Little Everdon Figure 10.4.10
Viewpoint 20 Much of the Proposed Scheme will be screened beyond the local ridgeline to the east Layby on the A45, Negligible Ŷ None additional required, subject to tree Negligible - of Dodford but light from lightign columns and Low Slight negative Slight negative Daventry - minor growth minor headlights may be visible in the distance, but they will be seen in the context of surrounding Figure 10.4.10 highways and built form.
Viewpoint 21 Poets Way, south No There will be no discernible change to the Low Neutral Ŷ None required No Change Neutral of Brickhill Barn Change view. Figure 10.4.11
Viewpoint 22 Borough Hill, There will be no discernible change to the High No change Neutral Ŷ None required No change Neutral Daventry view. Figure 10.4.11
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10.7 Limitations and Assumptions 10.7.1 For the purposes of this assessment, it has been assumed that the conversion of green open space into predominantly hard-standing with urban elements (lighting columns, signage, traffic signals, crossings and highway) is perceived by the majority of the local community as a negative visual effect. Where there are views of increased built form (such as lighting or highway signage) or construction works impinging into a skyline, this has been assessed as a negative visual effect in the absence of any mitigating features. 10.7.2 The above assessment is based on the following design assumptions: Ŷ A soft landscape planting scheme will be implemented to replace all trees lost (no net loss) and to provide some screening and habitat creation; Ŷ The length of the Proposed Scheme remains unlit with the exception of the roundabouts which will contain lighting columns to a maximum of 10m tall; and Ŷ There will be a balance of cut and fill for the earthworks.
10.8 Summary 10.8.1 Existing landscape features, designations and views were identified as part of a baseline landscape and visual impact assessment. The key landscape receptors identified included Site topography; trees and vegetation within the Site; Public Rights of Way within and surrounding the Site and the character of the Site and surrounding area, including the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area, Brockhall Registered Park and Garden and Bugbrooke Meadows SSSIs. 10.8.2 The key visual receptors identified included views from local residential areas, views for users of Public Rights of Way within and surrounding the Site; views from surrounding highways; and views from the Grand Union Canal Conservation Area. 10.8.3 The effect of the Proposed Scheme upon this baseline resource has been considered during the both the construction phase and the operational phases and the key issues identified included the effects of the Proposed Scheme on the existing landscape character of the Site and its surrounding, due to changes in Site topography, vegetation (tree) loss and change from open agricultural fields to one with hard surfacing, artificial lighting and traffic. 10.8.4 Effects on sensitive receptors were identified during both the construction phase and the operational phase and included effects on views from surrounding roads and residences and on local character. The effects of the Proposed Scheme are considered to be greater during the construction phase than the operational phase due to the additional noise and visual intrusion of working machinery, plant and vegetation removal. 10.8.5 Mitigation measures suggested for the construction phase included the following: Ŷ Minimising the exportation of waste by retaining spoil on-Site to use in earth bunding; Ŷ Clearly signed footpath diversions and maintenance of PRoW and diversions; Ŷ Any hoardings used should be of the same colour and style throughout the works; Ŷ Site specific lighting strategy (including use of low level or directional lighting to minimise light spill and glare) and implementation of a Site specific CEMP; Ŷ Keeping the Site, entrances and access roads tidy to reduce the visual clutter associated with building works; Ŷ Suitable protection of all retained/ adjacent trees and hedgerows in accordance with BS5837:2012; Ŷ New tree planting should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity to replace the trees lost; and
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Ŷ Trees to be planted in accordance with the Landscape planting plan to include the use of native species, deciduous and evergreen species; large tree species; and plants of local provenance. 10.8.6 Mitigation measures suggested for the Operational phase included the following: Ŷ Ensure continued growth and health of existing and newly planted trees and hedgerows through appropriate monitoring and management; Ŷ Replacement of any trees and shrubs that die for a minimum of five years and any grassland/ seeding that dies for a minimum of two years; Ŷ All trees, hedgerows and vegetation to be suitably managed to ensure optimum establishment and managed for wildlife benefits; Ŷ Implementation of an agreed long-term maintenance and management strategy and Ŷ Monitor the suitability of the installed lighting scheme installed to minimise light spill and glare. 10.8.7 Effects on sensitive receptors were identified during the construction phase and included effects on views from surrounding roads and residences and on local landscape character. Residual effects were all negative and included slight to large effects on Site topography, vegetation and PRoW, with slight to moderate effects on designated assets and local landscape character. Effects on surrounding views were considered to be neutral to large. 10.8.8 The overall effects at operation were not considered to be significant for the majority of the sensitive landscape and visual receptors identified. Residual effects were primarily negative and included slight negative effects on vegetation and PRoW and neutral to moderate negative effects on designated assets and local landscape character. Residual effects on surrounding views were considered to be neutral to moderate – large negative.
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Table 10.13: Summary of Effects Table for Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) Site Preparation, Earthworks and Construction Phase Changes to Site Moderate to Negative P D LT Ŷ Minimise Moderate to Negative P D LT European existing Site Topography large exportation of large Landscape topography and waste; Convention, drainage due to 2000 earthworks Ŷ retain spoil on- Site to use in earth bunding.
Change in Site trees Moderate to Negative T D LT Ŷ Planting of trees Moderate Negative T D LT EN19; European quantum or size and large as soon as EP21; Landscape of existing Site vegetation possible; EN25 Convention, vegetation, 2000 including trees Ŷ Protection of trees & hedgerows to BS5837:2012; Ŷ Management Plan for vegetation during construction
Change in PRoW Large Negative T D MT Ŷ clearly Moderate to Negative T D MT EN25 European character of within the signposted path large Landscape existing Public Site divisions/ Convention, Rights Of Way closures 2000 (PRoW) - within the Site Ŷ Maintenance of paths; Ŷ opening of ProW bridge crossings at the earliest opportunity
Change in PRoW Moderate Negative T I MT Ŷ Maintenance of Slight to Negative T I MT EN25 European
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Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) character of within the paths; moderate Landscape existing PRoW - Site Convention, wider ProW Ŷ Protection of 2000 network trees to BS5837:2012; Ŷ Hoardings of same style and colour
Change in Grand Large Negative T D MT Ŷ Site specific Moderate to Negative T D MT EN25 European character of the Union lighting strategy large Landscape Grand Union Canal and CEMP; Convention, Canal Conservati 2000 Conservation on Area Ŷ Protection of Area and Listed trees to Buidlings BS5837:2012; contained Ŷ Implementation therein of the Landscape planting plan
Change in Brockhall Moderate Negative T I MT Ŷ Site specific Slight to Negative T I MT EN25 European character and Park lighting strategy Moderate Landscape setting of Registered and CEMP; Convention, Brockhall Park Park and 2000 Registered Park Garden Ŷ Protection of and Garden and and trees to Conservation Conservati BS5837:2012; Area on Area Ŷ Implementation of the Landscape planting plan
Change in Bugbrooke Moderate Negative T I MT Ŷ Completion of Slight to Negative T I MT EN25 European character and Meadows eastern section in moderate Landscape setting of SSSI as short a Convention, Bugbrooke timescale as 2000 Meadows SSSI possible; Ŷ Site specific
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-58 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) lighting strategy and CEMP; Ŷ Protection of trees to BS5837:2012; Ŷ Implementation of the Landscape planting plan
Change in Character Moderate Negative T D MT Ŷ Completion of Slight to Negative T D MT EN25 European character of Area 13b: planting at moderate Landscape Character Area Bugbrooke earliest Convention, 13b: Bugbrooke and opportunity; 2000 and Daventry Daventry Ŷ Site specific lighting strategy and CEMP; Ŷ Protection of trees to BS5837:2012; Ŷ Implementation of the Landscape planting plan; Ŷ Tidy Site management
Change in Character Moderate Negative T D MT Ŷ As above Slight to Negative T D MT EN25 European character of Area 13c: moderate Landscape Character Area Long Convention, 13c: Long Buckby 2000 Buckby Change in Character Slight to Negative T D MT Ŷ As above Slight Negative T D MT EN25 European character of Area 18a: moderate Landscape Character Area The Nene Convention, 18a: The Nene - - Long 2000
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-59 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) Long Buckby to Buckby to Weedon Bec Weedon Bec Change in Character Slight Negative T D MT Ŷ None required Slight Negative T D MT EN25 European character of Area 18b: Landscape Character Area The Nene Convention, 18b: The Nene - - Weedon 2000 Weedon Bec to Bec to Duston Mill Duston Mill Change in Viewpoints Slight to Negative T D MT Ŷ Low level or Slight - Negative T D MT EN25 European character of the 1, 6, large directional Moderate Landscape view from 9,11,13, temporary Convention, surrounding and 19 lighting; 2000 residential receptors, Ŷ Site-specific including night CEMP; time views Ŷ Tidy Site, entrances and access roads; Ŷ Hoardings to be the same colour and style throughout the works; Ŷ Installation of green bridge at the easliest opportunity; Ŷ Protection of all retained vegetation to BS 5837: 2012.
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-60 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) Change in Viewpoints Slight - Negative T D MT Ŷ As above Slight to Negative T D MT EN25 European character of the 2, 5, 7, 8, Large large Landscape view from 12, 15, 17 Convention, surrounding & 18 2000 Public rights of Way Change in the Viewpoints Slight - Very Negative T D MT Ŷ As above Slight - Negative T D MT EN25 European character of the 3, 4, 10 large Large Landscape view from and 22 Convention, surrounding 2000 conservation Areas/ SAMs Change in Viewpoints Neutral to Negative T D MT Ŷ As above Neutral to Negative T D MT EN25 European character of the 14, 16, 20 Moderate Moderate Landscape view from and 21 Convention, surrounding 2000 highways Ŷ Operation Phase
Change in Site trees Slight to Negative P D LT Ŷ Monitor the Slight Negative P D LT EN19; European quantum or size and moderate suitability of EP21; Landscape of existing site vegetation installed lighting; EN25 Convention, vegetation, 2000 including trees Ŷ Appropriate monitoring of vegetation; Ŷ Replacement of trees and shrubs (including Green bridge hedgerow) for a minimum of five years; Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of two
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-61 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) years; Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; and Ŷ Implementation of agreed long- term maintenance and management strategy
Change in PRoW Moderate to Negative P D LT Ŷ Appropriate Moderate Negative P D LT EN25 European quantum and within the large monitoring & Landscape character of Site maintenance of Convention, existing ProW - vegetation; 2000 within the site Ŷ Signage, surfacing and maintenance of paths; Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits.
Change in PRoW Slight Negative P I LT Ŷ As above Neutral to Negative P I LT EN25 European character of within the slight Landscape existing PRoW - Site Convention, the wider PRoW 2000 network Change in Grand Moderate Negative P D LT Ŷ Site specific Minor to Negative P D LT EN25 European character of the Union lighting strategy moderate Landscape Grand Union Canal and CEMP; Convention, Canal Conservati 2000 Conservation on Area Ŷ Protection of Area trees to
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-62 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) BS5837:2012; Ŷ Implementation of the Landscape planting plan
Change in Brockhall Neutral - Negative P I LT Ŷ Site specific Neutral - Negative P I LT EN25 European character and Park slight lighting strategy slight Landscape setting of Registered and CEMP; Convention, Brockhall Park Park and 2000 Registered Park Garden Ŷ Protection of and Garden and and trees to Conservation Conservati BS5837:2012; Area on Area Ŷ Implementation of the Landscape planting plan
Change in Bugbrooke Slight Negative P I LT Ŷ Replacement of Neutral - Negative P I LT EN25 European character and Meadows trees and shrubs slight Landscape setting of SSSI for a minimum of Convention, Bugbrooke five years; 2000 Meadows SSSI Ŷ Replacement of seeding for a minimum of two years; Ŷ Vegetation managed for wildlife benefits; Ŷ Implementation of agreed long- term maintenance and management strategy; and Ŷ Monitor the suitability of
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-63 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) installed lighting.
Change in Character Slight Negative P D LT Ŷ As above Neutral - Negative P D LT EN25 European character of Area 13b: slight Landscape Character Area Bugbrooke Convention, 13b: Bugbrooke and 2000 and Daventry Daventry Change in Character Slight Negative P D LT Ŷ As above Neutral - Negative P D LT EN25 European character of Area 13c: slight Landscape Character Area Long Convention, 13c: Long Buckby 2000 Buckby Change in Character Neutral P D LT Ŷ None required Neutral P D LT EN25 European character of Area 18a: Landscape Character Area The Nene Convention, 18a: The Nene - - Long 2000 Long Buckby to Buckby to Weedon Bec Weedon Bec Change in Character Neutral - Negative P D LT Ŷ None required Neutral - Negative P D LT EN25 European character of Area 18b: slight slight Landscape Character Area The Nene Convention, 18b: The Nene - - Weedon 2000 Weedon Bec to Bec to Duston Mill Duston Mill Change in Viewpoints Neutral to Negative P D LT Ŷ Replacement of Neutral to Negative P D LT EN25 European character of the 1, 6, Moderate trees and shrubs moderate Landscape view from 9,11,13, for a minimum of Convention, surrounding and 19 five years; 2000 residential receptors, Ŷ Replacement of including night seeding for a time views minimum of two years; Ŷ Vegetation
Volume 1: Environmental Statement – Main Text and Figures Northamptonshire County Council 10-64 Chapter 10 – Landscape and Visual
Description of Receptor Significance of Effects Summary of Significance of Effects Relevant Relevant Significant Mitigation / Policy Legislation Effects (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / Enchancement (Major, Positive / (P / T) D/I) ST / MT Moderate, Negative MT / Measures Moderate, Negative / LT Minor, LT Minor, Negligible) Negligible) managed for wildlife benefits; Ŷ Implementation of agreed long- term maintenance and management strategy; and Ŷ Monitor the suitability of installed lighting.
Change in Viewpoints Slight to Negative P D LT Ŷ As above Slight to Negative P D LT EN25 European character of the 2, 5, 7, 8, Large large Landscape view from 12, 15, 17 Convention, surrounding & 18 2000 Public rights of Way Change in the Viewpoints Neutral to Negative P D LT Ŷ As above Neutral to Negative P D LT EN25 European character of the 3, 4, 10 Large large Landscape view from and 22 Convention, surrounding 2000 conservation Areas/ SAMs Change in Viewpoints Neutral - Negative P D LT Ŷ As above Neutral to Negative P D LT EN25 European character of the 14, 16, 20 moderate Slight Landscape view from and 21 Convention, surrounding 2000 highways Key to table: P / T = Permanent or Temporary, D / I = Direct or Indirect, ST / MT / LT = Short Term, Medium Term or Long Term N/A = Not Applicable
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10.9 References Ref 10.1 Council of Europe (2000). ETS 176 - European Landscape Convention (URL: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm) Ref 10.2 Former Countryside Commission and English Nature (1996). The Character of England Map Directives, Acts, Regulations and Orders. Ref 10.3 Department of Communities and Local Government (2012) National Planning Policy Framework. The Stationary Office, London Ref 10.4 Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) (2014). National Planning Practice Guidance. The Stationary Office, London Ref 10.5 Daventry District Council (2010). Daventry Local Plan (Adopted 2010) – Saved Policies. Daventry District Council. Ref 10.6 South Northamptonshire Council (2007). South Northamptonshire Local Plan (2007) - Saved Policies. South Northamptonshire Council. Ref 10.7 The Highways Agency (2010). Interim Advice Note 135 /10 Landscape and Visual Effects Assessment. The Highways Agency. Ref 10.8 The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment, 3rd Edition. Taylor & Francis Ref 10.9 The Countryside Agency and Scottish National Heritage (2002) Landscape Character Assessment Guidance for England and Scotland. The Countryside Agency and Scottish National Heritage Ref 10.10 English Heritage On-line Register of historic sites and buildings [online]. Available at: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/ Ref 10.11 Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside for statutory designated Sites [online]. Available at: http://www.magic.gov.uk/ Ref 10.12 British Standards Institute (2012) BS 5837:2012 Trees in Relation to Construction – Recommendations. British Standards Institute, London. Ref 10.13 DEFRA (2011). Natural Environment White Paper - The natural choice: securing the value of nature. The Stationary Office, London Ref 10.14 DEFRA (2011) Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services. The Stationary Office, London Ref 10.15 Former Countryside Commission and English Nature (1996) Joint Character of England Map Countryside Character Volume 4: East Midlands. Countryside Commission and English Nature Ref 10.16 LDA Design (2010). East Midlands Regional Landscape Character Assessment. Natural England Ref 10.17 Northamptonshire County Council (2006). Northamptonshire Environmental Character and Green Infrastructure Suite 2006. Northamptonshire County Council [online]. Available at: http://www.rnrpenvironmentalcharacter.org.uk/
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