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Drinking Water in Rural Haryana: Trends and Pattern

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Drinking Water in Rural Haryana: Trends and Pattern [VOLUME 4 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT. 2017] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 Drinking Water in Rural Haryana: Trends and Pattern Kuldeep Singh Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of Geography (CAS-II), Panjab University, Chandigarh Received June 14, 2017 Accepted July 18, 2017 ABSTRACT Water is a precious resource. Drinking water has always been on top of the priority list of social consumption items (drinking water, sanitation and medical, education facilities etc.).Water is not only essential but also scarce. With the development and growing population the share of drinking water sources is changing significantly. According toCensus of India, 2001, 37.8 per cent of the total rural householdsof Haryana used tap as a source of drinking water and 35.7 per cent hand pumps, 7.6 per cent tubewell, 16.5 per cent wells and 2.4 per cent used other source of drinking water. While in 2011, 63.6 per cent of its rural households used taps, 4.5 per cent wells, 14.2 per cent hand pumps, 14.2 per cent tubewells/borehole and 3.5 per cent used other sources for drinking water in Haryana. Thus tap become the dominant source of drinking water at the same time tubewell/borehole also increased with time but the use of handpump and well decrease after 2001. The outcome indicates there is a significant disparity at district level in its trends and pattern from 2001 to 2011.This research analyses the availability of drinking water in rural Haryana. The objective of the study is to find out the spatial disparity in availability of drinking water in rural Haryana and changes that have taken place from 2001 to 2011. The study is based on available secondary data. Key words: Drinking Water, Tap, Handpump, Tubewell/Borehole. Introduction The amount of water on the earth is finite and a Water Supply Programme (ARWSP). The third of the world population live in the water Government of India introduced ARWSP in 1972 stress countries. The share of such population is to the pace of coverage of drinking water supply increasing with time (Paramasivan and Sacratees, by assist the states and union territories (Dev, 2013). Further, in India, 92 per cent fresh water 2011). The programme was accorded Mission used in agriculture, three per cent used in approach with the formation of a Technology industry and five per cent for a domestic purpose Mission on Drinking Water (1986), which was (Khan, 2009). Water scenario is fast changing as a later renamed as Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking result of increasing population, rising demand for Water Mission in 1991-92. irrigation to raise high yielding variety of crops, In 2002, the Government of India launched rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, Swajaldhara programme by decentralises the electricity generation, impact of global warming service delivery responsibility to rural local and erratic rainfall (Kalkoti, 2013). The global governments. Drinking water supply was also one consumption of water is doubling every 20 years of the six components of Bharat Nirman (Chhabra, more than twice the rate of human population 2010). In 2009, National Rural Drinking Water growth (Swamy, 2011).India has four per cent of Programme was launched by Central Government world’s water availability and 17.5 per cent by modifying the earlier ARWSP and subsuming population to sustain. The half of the villages in earlier submissions, miscellaneous Schemes and India does not have availability of protected mainstreaming Swajaldhara principles. The drinking water (Gautam, 2009). Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation The coverage of the rural population by piped upgraded as separate ministry in 2011, shows the water supply is a major aim of the government seriousness of the government regarding drinking (Government of India, 2016). To provide safe and water (Government of India, 2016).The adequate drinking water to the rural households, Government of Haryana also boost the efforts by the Central and State Government introduces introducing Augmentation Water Supply Schemes, many programmes and schemes (Pal, 2012), Indira Gandhi Drinking Water Scheme etc. though drinking water is a state subject in the Even if the State's allocation on water sector has Constitution of India. The first major initiative in increased enormously, but simultaneously it is the drinking water sector was Accelerated Rural Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 65 [ VOLUME 4 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT. 2017] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 found that a large segment of the population in 2011, the data of tap is further collected as tap the country is deprived of their basic right to from treated sources, Tap from untreated sources, drinking water (Fahimuddin, 2012). Even after and well as a source of drinking water is also more than six decades since the independence further divided into covered well and uncovered there was a only 30.8 per cent rural households well, for making it comparable these source are use tap as a source of drinking water in India as a analyses as per Census of India (2001). The whole (Census of India, 2011) in 2001 the share spring,river/canal, tank/pond/lake and others, was by less than one-fourth households. are analysed compositely as other sources Thehandpump with tubewell/boreholecovered because their use was less than one out of every more than half of the total rural households, twenty households in both the census increased slightly with three per cent point from years.Haryana was administered as a part of the 2001. The well as a source of drinking water was Punjab province of British India and wascarved used by 13.3 per cent households in 2011, while out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in in 2001 it was used by 22.2 per cent households. 1966. Haryana is located in the northwestern part Thus in India as a whole the change in sources of of the Indian subcontinent. drinking water was less significant with changed The stateextends from 27°39´ to 35°55´ North by less than or more than 10 per cent point from latitude and 74°28´ to 77°36´ East longitude. It is 2001 to 2011. bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the The Governmentof Haryana has done far better north and by Rajasthan to the west andsouth. The work in providing tap water supply to its villages. river Yamuna defines its eastern border with In 1966, when Haryana become a new state piped Uttar Pradesh. Haryana alsosurrounds the water supply was available to its 182 villages but country's capital Delhi on three sides, forming the by 1992 it covered all of the villages by piped northern, western andsouthern borders of Delhi. water supply (Government of Haryana, 2010-11) Consequently, a large area of south Haryana is and in 2001, the use of tap as a source of drinking included in theNational Capital Region for water in rural households was 37.8 per cent in the purposes of planning for development. The entire year 2001 and 63.6 per cent in the year 2011, state spansinto 44212 km², which covers 1.34 per registered an increase of about 26 per cent point cent of the total area of the country, Haryana is the in the state as a whole. 21stlargest state of India.The state covered 2,53,53,081 or 2.09 per cent of the total Methodology population of India. Out of it 65.21 per cent of the The paper examines the availability of various population lived in rural areas. sources of drinking water in rural Haryana and Geographically, the state of Haryana can be the change that have taken place from 2001 to divided into four physical divisions (a) Hilly area 2011. The paper tries to attempt the following of Shivalik, this hilly area is the north-eastern part research questions: of the state and its height is from 900-2300 i. Which are the major sources of drinking meters and river Ghagghar, Tangari, Markanda water in rural Haryana and how these emerge from this hilly are, (b) Plain area covers sources are distributed on the space? largest area of the state from north to south and ii. How the sources of drinking water its very hot in summer and several cold in winter, changing with time from 2001 to 2011? (c) Sandy area lies in western part of the state For the purpose, the data on drinking water adjacent to Rajasthan and here small sand dunes source (2011) have been picked up from the found part of Mahendragarh, Bhiwani, Sirsa and Tables on Houses, Households Amenities and Hisar districts, (d) Dry plain area of Aravalli Assets, published by the Census of India, 2011 and ranges are found in southern part of Haryana available from the Directorate of Census Aravalli ranges are situated in the Mewat area of Operations Haryana, Chandigarh. The data related Gurgaon districts. There is no single perennial to government programmes and schemes is river passing through Haryana. There is a large collected from the Ministry of Drinking Water and variation in the monthly weather regime from Sanitation and Public Health Engineering place to place depending on the distance from the Department, Haryana. The district is the unit of mountains, and location with reference to the study. Thar Desert. Haryana has a climate of subtropical The Census of India 2001,published the data on continental monsoon type. Annual rainfall in eight sources of drinking water as tap, well, Haryana varies from 25 centimetres in the handpump, tubewell/borehole, spring, western part and 110 centimetres in north- river/canal, tank/pond/lake and others.
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