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Howard, Stedman

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Howard, Stedman The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project STEDMAN HOWARD Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: January 5, 2005 Copyright 2012 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in New York, Raised in New York and Massachusetts Wake Forest College (Illinois); Worcester Junior College; University of Massachusetts; University of Maine Interest in the Performing Arts US Army Vietnam; Kit Carson Scout program Interrogations Chieu Hoi program (Recruiting former Viet Cong) Ft. Holabird Job hunting United States Information Service (USIA): 1971 Personnel Management Specialist University of Massachusetts: Student – USIA - Leave of absence c1972-1973 United States Information Service: Personnel management 1973 Retail Bicycle Business 1973-1977 Washington, DC; Voice of America; Personnel Management 1977-1978 Specialist Foreign language personnel China branch Discrimination suit Criticism of VOA personnel State Department; FSI: French language study 1978 Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Regional Post Management Officer 1978-1981 Territory covered Operations 1 Pay and leave pay tricks Program evaluation Comments on countries and languages in Africa French influence British influence Embassy/PAO cooperation Lilongwe, Malawi: Public Affairs Officer 1981-1984 Environment Blantyre Kamuzu Academy Hastings Banda Government Restrictions Operations Contacts Exchange program philosophy Charlie Wick style and influence Reagan administration goals Chet Crocker South Africa Ambassador John Burroughs Grant program operation Fulbright Program Economy Peace Corps Marriage Kampala, Uganda: Public Affairs Officer 1984-1986 President Milton Obote Commander David Oyite Ojok Acholi/Lango conflict Army Vice President Paulo Muwanga Partial evacuation Coup Ambassador Allen Davis US interests Relations Television Fulbright Program Environment Missionaries Ethnic divisions UN High Commission for Refugees 2 Political opposition Tribal violence Local press Peace movement Idi Amin adherents Museveni Nairobi Peace Talks Julius Nyerere Tanzanian Socialism Presodemt Museveni Okelios Peter Allen Embassy crisis management Security Embassy reorganization Foreign residents Ambassador Robert Houdek Situation after fighting USIA Headquarters: Executive Officer, African Affairs 1986-1989 Post Computerization/Automation VOA equipment Country budgets Charlie Wick English teaching Bi-National Centers IMET Military training WorldNets Bruce Gelb Joe Duffy State Department: FSI: Spanish language study 1989-1990 Managua, Nicaragua; Public Affairs Officer 1990-1992 Rebuilding Robert Brown Fulbright Program Sandinistas Ambassador Henry W. Shlaudeman Violeta Enrique Bolanos Local media Somoza group Ms. Chamorro Political, social, economic changes Reconciliation 3 Contras “Sandalistas” Cubans Russians USAID Press campaign Universities Catholic Church Florida International University Lusaka, Zambia: Public Affairs Officer 1992-1996 Ambassador Gordon L. Streeb Kenneth Kaunda President Frederick Chiluba Union of National Opposition Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) Technical Assistance programs Local media Voice of America (VOA) Democratization program Judge Robert Merhige Cornell University Law School Peace Corps Human Rights Legal/Justice system USIA Cultural Center Electoral democracy Chet Crocker South Africa Collapse of Soviet Union Zimbabwe “One Zambia” Tribal chiefs USAID program Anti-AIDS program Exchange programs Military Mineral resources Living environment Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Public Affairs Officer 1996-1999 Government Ambassador James Creagan Court system Media Hurricane Mitch 4 US assistance National University Fulbright Program National Teachers College President Clinton visit Amalgamation of USIA and Department of State 1999 State Department: Deputy Director/Director; Africa Office, 1999-2001 Bureau of Public Diplomacy Transition Issues Committee English teaching programs Transition problems FSI Public Diplomacy course State Department: Board of Examiners 2001- ? Operations Candidates Diplomatic Readiness initiative Examination process Who passes the exam? Diplomat in Residence program Oral examination Minorities INTERVIEW [Note: This interview was not edited by Mr. Howard.] Q: Today is January 5, 2005. This is a new interview with Stedman Howard. For the transcriber, please make sure you make it, Stedman is the first name and Howard is the last name. HOWARD: The spelling is S-T-E-D-M-A-N. Q: All right. This is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training and I’m Charles Stuart Kennedy. You go by Sted? HOWARD: Yes. Q: Can we start at the beginning, could you tell me when and where you were born? HOWARD: I was born November 19, 1944 in Jackson Heights, New York. 5 Q: All right, can you tell me a bit about your family? Let’s start on your father’s side. Where did the Howards come from? HOWARD: They came from Ware, Massachusetts, from Hampshire County, Massachusetts and my great grandfather had a string of grain and feed stores, mills in central Massachusetts in Ware up through a series of small towns in what is now Quabbin Reservoir. My grandfather and his brother took this business over in the early ‘30s and had a very rough go of it, but they managed to get my father and my uncle through boarding school and off to college in Maine at Colby and that took them up through my dad’s graduation in 1942. Then, he went to New York to work in advertising. On my mother’s side of the family, they come from Saco, Maine and points north, but basically she grew up in the town of Saco, which is in southern Maine about 20 miles south of Portland, halfway between Kennebunkport up on Route 1. She met my dad when he spent summers with his mother at the beach in Saco. His mother ran a guest lodge and my mother applied for a job. That’s where she met my dad. Q: Did she go to college? HOWARD: Yes, she did. She went to Bates. Q: Bates, so a good New England college background. HOWARD: Solid college background. Yes. Q: What sort of advertising business was your father in? HOWARD: Well, at the time he worked for Batten, Barton, Durstine and Osborn (BBDO) in New York. He worked there for two or three years. I remember he told me that he found himself one day writing ad copy to persuade people to buy refrigerators. Then he realized the people he was persuading were people who were just like himself who he knew damn well [they] couldn’t afford the refrigerators. As a student at Mount Herman school and at Colby, he had been involved in the school newspapers. He wanted to get back involved in the newspapers so he went back to Ware, Massachusetts. Q: How do you spell Ware? HOWARD: W-A-R-E. Along with all the standard jokes about where is it, but its almost right plunk in the middle. He took over the local newspaper called the Ware River News as the managing editor and he did that for I think about three or four years. Then there was a management change at the Ware River News and he decided to set up his own newspaper. He did something called the Tri-County Times, which expanded its field of sales to neighboring towns, not just Ware and he ran that, I think, for another three years. At that point, he went back to advertising because journalism really wasn’t paying off. Q: But when you were born in ’44 he was back in advertising? 6 HOWARD: Well, that was his first thing. He was working for BBD&O in New York and it was shortly after that that he realized he wanted to go home and run a newspaper. Q: Well, then as a kid did you grow up in Ware? HOWARD: When I was a little kid I did. I think in 1950 he shut down the newspaper and he went to work for a small advertising agency in Greenfield, Massachusetts. He wrote copy for Western Mass Electric Company and a variety of other utilities and industries in Greenfield and Turner Falls in western Massachusetts. Chain and Beeton was the outfit that he worked for in Greenfield for a few years. Q: What was Ware like? HOWARD: It was a small town At that time about 13,000 to 20,000. It’s probably up around 25,000 now. It was a mill town. It had a mixture of French and Polish and high church Yankees, high church Yankees ran the banks and the hospital and the mills. I lived on Church Street as did the Howards. Q: On the higher ground? HOWARD: Absolutely. The floodwaters didn’t get up there in ‘38. Q: We’re talking about the hurricane in ’38 that hit that whole area. HOWARD: Yes. Now, the high water marks were down on Main Street and the Howards were way up Church Street. As a matter of fact, there’s a watermark on the Ware Savings Bank today that celebrates the flood in 1938. Q: What was home life like? Did you have brothers and sisters? HOWARD: Yes, one sister who was younger. We lived in half of a duplex that my dad and uncle owned together and the other half of the house was occupied by three elderly aunts. They lived there I guess for three or four years and we moved to Greenfield and that’s when we went to work for the advertising agency. Q: It’s on the Taconic Trail isn’t it? HOWARD: No, it’s on the Mohawk Trail. It’s at the foot of the Mohawk Trail, on Route 91 North and its on the Deerfield River at the foot of the Berkshires. It was a reasonable little town with sort of a funny quirky mill town, quasi mill town. My sister lives just south of there in Deerfield and teaches in Greenfield today. Q: Well, then, did you go to school in Greenfield? HOWARD: Yes. 7 Q: What was school like? HOWARD: Sort of a classic big red brick building from the ‘50s; a classic public school. I don’t know of anything remarkable; it was called Federal Street School. Q: Have any particular courses you liked or subjects? HOWARD: I don’t know that in the first, second or third grade I was concerned.
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