ROSEMEAD 190 HIGH STREET OLD WOKING GU22 9JH Borough of Woking
National Grid Reference: 502126 156852
Archaeological desk-based assessment October 2020
Author: Joanna Mansi
Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
Contents
Non-Technical Summary 1
1 Introduction 2
1.1 Origin and scope of the report 2
1.2 Site status 2
1.3 Aims and objectives 3
2 Methodology and sources consulted 4
3 Legislative and planning framework 5
3.1. National planning policy guidance 5
3.2 Archaeology and planning policy in the Borough of Woking 7
4 The setting: Site location, topography, and geology 9
4.1 Site location 9
4.2 Geology 9
4.3 Setting 9
5 Archaeological and historical background 13
5.1 Chronological summary 13
6 Existing impacts and impact of proposal 22
6.1 Existing impacts 22
6.2 Proposals and Impact 22
7 Conclusions and recommendations 23
8 Gazetteer of known archaeological sites and finds 24
9 Bibliography 34
Appendix 1. Figures 37
Appendix 2. Plates 51
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Site location
Figure 2 Gazetteer map
Figure 3 Areas of High Archaeological Potential and Scheduled Monument
Figure 4 Rosemead excavations and findspots, Old Woking test-pitting programme
Figure 5 Existing block plan
Figure 6 Proposed block plan
Figure 7 Proposed section, east facing
Figure 8 John Norden’s map of Woking Park, 1607
Figure 9 Detail from John Norden’s map of 1607
Figure 10 John Rocque’s map of Surrey, 1762
Figure 11 Detail from Rocque’s map
Figure 12 Landowners of the site 1700s, based on Holmes map of Woking 1709 and Remnant map of Woking, 1719
Figure 13 Tithe map, 1840
Figure 14 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map of 1871
Figure 15 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25” map of 1896
Figure 16 Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25” map of 1914
Figure 17 Ordnance Survey 25” map of 1935
Figure 18 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale map, 1970
Figure 19 Aerial photograph, 2006
Figure 20 Aerial photograph, 1969
Figure 21 Watercolour of St Peter’s Church, 1830s
Note: site outlines may appear differently on some Figures owing to distortions in historic maps.
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Archaeological Desk-based Assessment
Non-Technical Summary
Joanna Mansi was commissioned by C7 Architects Ltd to undertake an archaeological desk- based assessment, to support a planning application at Rosemead, 190 High Street, Old Woking, Surrey (National Grid Reference 502126/156852: Fig 1; hereafter the Site).
The aim of the assessment was to identify and assess the significance and nature of any archaeological resources to enable the local authority to formulate an appropriate response. The development proposal comprises of a single-storey extension at the rear of a residential building. It is proposed that the extension would infill a concrete-paved courtyard between two wings of the existing building, with a footprint of around 29.5m2 in size. The demolition of an existing UPVC and glass conservatory is also proposed, and building restored to the footprint circa 1990.
A circular Study Area extending for 150m from the Site centre has been considered to provide an archaeological and historical context for interpretation. The Historic Environment Record (HER), and other sources were consulted.
Human activity from the Prehistoric period through to the modern period has been identified in the Study Area, with plenty of evidence for occupation following the Norman conquest.
The Site has a moderate-high potential to contain archaeological finds from Prehistoric–Post medieval periods from a depth of 30cm-1.2m below ground level, but there is low potential for in-situ archaeological deposits, features, or structures.
There is a high potential that impact from construction and landscaping of the existing dwelling will have a negative effect on the survival of archaeology. Levelling, truncation from drainage ditches, landscaping, and excavation of a pond will have had an adverse impact, therefore, there is a low probability that a stratified archaeological deposit will survive to a depth of 80cm- 1m. The proposed development will have a high impact on the archaeological remains from ground works associated with the demolition of the existing conservatory, levelling, and landscaping, and excavation for foundations, to a depth of 1m below ground level (bgl).
It is suggested that an archaeological watching brief would form an appropriate mitigation for this Site, taking into consideration the small area of development, and the adverse impact from modern ground disturbance.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
1 Introduction 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 1.1.1 Joanna Mansi was commissioned by C7 Architects Ltd to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment for a proposed development at Rosemead, 190 High Street, Old Woking, Woking, GU22 9JH (National Grid Reference 502126/156852: Fig 1), under the jurisdiction of Woking Borough Council, Surrey.
1.1.2 The development proposal comprises of a single-storey extension at the rear of a residential building. The proposed extension would be sited between the eastern and western wings of the dwelling, infilling the existing concrete-paved courtyard.
1.1.3 This desk-based assessment forms an initial stage of archaeological investigation of the area of proposed development. The ‘Site’ in this assessment refers specifically to the residential building (including the footprint area of proposed extension 29.5m²), and the curtilage, covering 0.485ha. The Study Area covers a 150m radius from the centre of the Site.
1.1.4 The objective of the assessment is to establish whether locally important artefacts or archaeological remains are present on the Site. The assessment aims to identify the nature and significance of the archaeological resource to enable informed recommendations to be made for the future treatment of any surviving remains, and to enable the local authority to formulate appropriate responses to any identified archaeological resource.
1.1.5 The assessment has been undertaken to meet the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) of February 2016 Chapter 16: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, and the Local Borough plan.
1.1.6 The desk-based assessment has been carried out in accordance with the standards specified by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIFA 2014, updated January 2017).
1.1.7 It should be noted that there are limitations imposed by dealing with historical material and maps, the information in this document, is to the best of the knowledge of the author correct at time of writing.
1.2 Site Status
1.2.1 The Site is predicted to have the potential for sub-surface archaeological heritage assets. • The Site lies in an Area of High Archaeological Potential - the Old Woking and Shackleford Historic Core, designated by Woking Borough Council in 2016. • The Site is situated within the Old Woking Conservation Area. • There are no statutory listed buildings on the Site. • The nearest listed building is the Grade I designated Church of St Peter’s, and Grade II listed monuments in the churchyard. The churchyard wall marks the Site’s western boundary wall. • The nearest Scheduled Monument is Woking Palace 800m to the south-east. • There have been numerous archaeological research excavations on, and near the Site by the Surrey Archaeological Society Old Woking test-pitting programme, 2009-2019.
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1.3 Aims and objectives
1.3.1 The aim of the assessment is to: • Identify the nature and significance of the archaeological resource • Describe the survival and extent of known or potential archaeological features that may affected by the proposals • Assess the likely impacts arising from the proposed development. • Provide recommendations to further quantify the nature of the archaeological resources or mitigation aimed at reducing or removing completely any adverse impacts.
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2 Methodology and sources consulted
2.1.1 The aim of this assessment is to detail the known information relating to archaeology and the built environment, and to assess the potential for any resources than may be impacted by the proposed development.
2.1.2 For the purposes of this report, various available documentary and cartographic sources were examined to determine the likely nature, extent, preservation, and significance of any archaeological resource that may be present within the Site.
2.1.3 To set the Site within its full archaeological and historical context, information was collected from the Historical Environment Record (HER) on the known archaeology within a 1000m radius centred on the Site. The Study Area was then reduced to a circular area of 150m to focus on the large number of archaeological investigations and findspots close to the Site.
2.1.4 Fig 2 shows the location of known archaeological Sites and findspots within the 150m Study Area, and Fig 3 the location of Scheduled Monument and Areas of Archaeological Importance (AHAPs). Sites and findspots have been allocated a unique assessment reference number (DBA1, 2 etc), which is listed in the gazetteer and is referred to in the text. A full bibliography and list of sources consulted may be found in Section 9.
2.1.5 In addition, the following sources were consulted: • Surrey History Centre – Ordnance survey and other historic maps and plans, documentary sources, published local histories • British Library – historic maps and documentary sources • Historic England Archive – aerial photographs • Surrey Archaeological Society – archaeological publications, data from the Old Woking test-pitting programme, mapping from the Old Woking QGIS project, GPS and total station survey data, auger survey • British Geological Survey (BGS) – geology map sheet 269 • C7 Architects Ltd – block plans (September 2020) • Internet – web published material including Local Plan
2.1.6 The degree to which archaeological deposits potentially survive on the Site would depend on previous land use, so an assessment was made of the destructive effect of both previous and present activity and/or buildings. Therefore, the assessment included a Site visit on 7h September. A photographic record of the visit was made, and selected images used in this report. The following were observed: • topography of the Site, • existing land use • further information on areas of possible ground disturbance • general archaeological potential • setting
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3 Legislative and planning framework
3.1 National planning policy guidance
3.1.1 The principal guidance on the importance, management and safeguarding of the archaeological resource within the planning process is the National Planning Policy Framework, published February 2019. The National Planning Policy Framework sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these should be applied. The revised Framework replaced the previous National Policy Framework published in March 2012, and July 2018 revision.
3.1.2 Section 16 of the NPPF: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. The objectives can be summarised as: • The delivery of sustainable development • Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic, and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment • Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance • Recognition that heritage contributes to our knowledge and understanding of the past.
3.1.3 Annex 2 provides a glossary of terminology used in the Framework.
Heritage Asset is described as a building, monument, site, place, area, or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan process. Heritage assets include designated and non-designated assets, as well as both buildings and below ground archaeology.
Setting of a heritage asset are the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset.
Designated Heritage Assets can be of international cultural significance, such as World Heritage Sites, or Scheduled Ancient Monuments, which are of national significance. Other heritage assets of national value include Protected Wreck Sites and Registered Battlefields. At a local level Listed Buildings, and conservation areas are considered to have local historic value or significance.
Significance (for heritage policy) is defined as the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest, which may be archaeological, architectural, artistic, or historic.
Archaeological Interest is defined as a heritage asset which holds or could potentially hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point, and this can be above or below-ground.
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3.1.4 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will need to be mindful of the framework set by government and regional policy. The government policy provides a framework to: • Protect nationally and regionally important designated Heritage Assets • Protects the settings of these Assets • In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information to enable informed decisions in the planning process. • Provides for the investigation, excavation and recording of sites.
3.1.5 Planning decisions should be based on an assessment of the significance of the heritage asset, taking into consideration the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.
3.1.6 Proposals affecting heritage assets In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes, or has the potential to include, heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation Paragraph 189
3.1.7 Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise any conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal. Paragraph 190.
3.1.8 The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be considered when determining the application. In weighing applications that directly or indirectly affect non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. Paragraph 197
3.1.9 Local planning authorities should require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible. However, the ability to record evidence of our past should not be a factor in deciding whether such loss should be permitted. Copies of evidence should be deposited with the relevant historic environment record, and any archives with a local museum or other public depository. Paragraph 199
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3.2 Archaeology and planning policy in the Borough of Woking
3.2.1 Local planning guidance is detailed in Woking 2027 Development Plan for Woking, Development Management Policies, Development Plan Document, (October 2016). Policy C20 is concerned with Heritage and Conservation. Paragraph 6.27: Preserve and enhance heritage assets aims to protect and enhance the Borough’s heritage assets in accordance with relevant legislation and guidance in the National Policy Framework (NPFF). Design policies, Core Strategy, Section 6, sets out the policy which requires new development to respect and enhance character and appearance of an area, and make positive contribution to the character, distinctiveness, and significance of the historic environment.
3.2.2 Conservation Areas and areas of historic and archaeological importance will be protected, follow relevant legislation and guidance. Development will not be permitted in Areas of High Archaeological Potential unless the following are satisfied: • Submission of an archaeological assessment of the site. • Where archaeological importance of the site has been identified, a programme setting out a full archaeological survey of the site has been submitted and agreed with the Council • A Heritage Statement required to address impact of the proposed development on heritage assets and their setting, including archaeological features (Paragraph 6.36). Development proposals that involve or have an impact upon a heritage asset or their wider setting will be required to provide an assessment of the significance of any assets affected (including any contribution made by their setting), the potential impacts on the asset and/or setting, and any appropriate mitigation measures that will be required.
The assessment should be presented via a heritage statement accompanying the application or contained within the Design and Access Statement. Applicants are referred to The Heritage of Woking – A Historic Conservation Compendium’ and the Surrey Historic Environment Record (HER) should be consulted on relevant planning applications, even those not directly involving a heritage asset but has the potential to affect it to make sure that any potential impacts on the significance of nearby assets are identified (Paragraph 6.31)
3.2.3 Woking Borough has designated four Areas of High Archaeological Potential. The Woking Borough Local Development Document Proposal Map (updated Oct 2016) identifies the character of areas, and those in need of protection. The Site is located within the Old Woking and Shackleford Area of High Archaeological Potential. The Site is also in the Old Woking Conservation Area. The AHAPs closest to the Site are shown in Fig 3.
3.2.4 Woking Borough Council Local Plan 1999 Policies, BE16 Sites of High Archaeological Potential
Where development affecting known sites of archaeological importance is unavoidable, the Council will contact the County Council and other specialist organisations, to undertake a full archaeological evaluation of the site.
Where development is permitted, a developer will be expected to meet the cost of such an investigation.
Development will not normally be permitted on Sites, or areas, of High Archaeological Potential, as shown on the Proposals map unless the following criteria are complied with:
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• A developer will be required to commission an archaeological assessment, and where necessary evaluation of the site so that sufficient information is available for the determination of the planning application. • Priority will be given to preservation of remains in situ. • Where the Council is satisfied that this is not justified a developer will be required to make arrangements for a full archaeological investigation of the site and record of the remains prior to development. • On all development Sites of over 0.4 hectares (1 acre) an archaeological evaluation and investigation in accordance with criteria (i) and (ii) will be necessary, if in the opinion of the County Archaeologist, an archaeological assessment demonstrates that the site has archaeological potential (1999, 24)
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4 Setting: Site location, topography, and geology
4.1 Site Location The Site, known as ‘Rosemead’, is located at 190 High Street, Old Woking, GU22 9JH, and is centred on National Grid Reference 502126/156852.
4.1.1 The Site covers an area of 1.2 acres. Within the Site footprint is a detached residential building, and a garden. The Site is accessed from High Street, 115m to the north, by a long driveway. The Grade II listed house Weylea is north-west of the Site. The Grade I listed Church of St Peter’s, and churchyard wall bound the Site to the west. The Site is bounded to the east by an enclosed pasture of 2.8 acres, owned by the Site. South of the Site is a water meadow and the River Wey, (125m south of the Site).
4.1.2 The building is on level ground above a lawn that slopes gradually down to a water meadow. The nearest ground height reading is 23m OD, 20m south-west of the house. This was surveyed by Andrew Norris in 2010 at a test-pit east of the churchyard wall (DBA 8).
4.1.3 The Site is located within a secluded setting on the outskirts of Woking, described in a 2006 sale catalogue as “the last house in Woking” in the south-east corner on the very edge of the Borough... At night looking south, there is not a house light in sight”.
4.1.4 The Site is located within the south-east of the Old Woking Conservation Area. The character is described as “relatively undeveloped with only a handful of individual dwellings set within large plots of open land, although much of this is hidden by public view.” (The Old Woking Conservation Area – Character Appraisal and design Guidance 1999,11)
4.2 Geology
4.2.1 The British Geological Survey (map sheet 269) shows the Site on underlying geology of Kempton Park gravels overlaying London Clay Formation. Immediately to the south is alluvium. The Site shown in the Surrey Historic Land Characterisation Report as River flood plain, RF7 (Surrey Landscape Character Assessment 2015).
4.2.2 The “natural” geology of the Site is grey/yellow sand, this can be encountered at a depth of 1-1.2m below ground level, below a thick layer of black alluvial soil. The dating sequence of the deposition of this soil is not fully understood. An informal auger survey suggested that it indicates periods of flooding and redeposition of riverine silts (R. Savage 2010, 12-13). The pottery sequence from test-pits on the Site suggests that this was not laid down in a single event has built up gradually over the years. The geology at the Site is markedly different from the paddock to the east of the Site, where the natural sand is reached at about 60cm, below a layer of flints.
4.3 Setting
4.3.1 Archaeology The Site, and 150m Study Area, are located within the Old Woking and Shackleford Historic Core, a designated Area of High Archaeological Potential (AHAP). There are three other AHAPs with national and local significance within 1km of the Site, shown on Fig 3: • Woking Palace (DBA 62)
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• Romano-British settlement Site, at the Furzes (DBA 61) • Woking park pale section, east of the Furzes (DBA 65) 4.3.2 The potential heritage asset identified on the Site is below ground archaeology, probably with local significance. This assessment will focus on the archaeological sites within 150m of the Site, the majority of which are not on the HER record at this date. These are listed in the gazetteer and shown on the archaeological features map (Fig 2).
4.3.3 There have been numerous archaeological investigations and find spots in Old Woking, including community excavations at Woking Palace (2009-2015), assessments and watching briefs at St Peter’s Church, Hoebridge, The Grange (DBA 42) The White Hart, and The Old Manor House in High Street. This assessment will focus on archaeological events, listed buildings, monuments, and findspots close to the Site, and within a 150m radius.
4.3.4 There have been four archaeological investigations on the Site, and extensive investigations in the immediate area. The Old Woking test-pitting programme by the Surrey Archaeological Society (SyAS) excavated test-pits and evaluation trenches in Old Woking village, from 2010–2019. The test-pitting programme predominately used the CORS (Continually Occupied Rural Settlement) methodology which excavated 1x1m test-pits in 10cm spits, with all the excavated material sieved through a 10mm mesh. A total of 42 pits and trenches were excavated in locations in the core of Old Woking village, in residential gardens, and Rosemead paddock.
4.3.5 Research aims were to study the growth and development of historic Old Woking, specifically to: • Ascertain if there was Romano-British settlement near the church • Locate the principal Saxon settlement • Locate the site of the Minster church • Identify if Woking was a medieval planned town, and if it was either a river crossing or a river-side town.
4.3.6 Three archaeological test-pits were excavated, east of St Peter’s churchyard wall, c 20m south-west from the existing building. The first test-pit on the Site was excavated in 2010. (DBA 8). Two further test pits were excavated on the Site in 2018 slightly south of the 2010 test pit, (DBA 9 and (DBA 10) 30m south-west of the Site’s existing building. The pits had complex stratigraphic sequences, of a very thick layer of loose dark soil, and in 2019 another test-pit (DBA 12) was excavated to better understand the stratigraphy at the south end of the Site, 50m south of the house.
4.3.7 The interim report by Richard Savage was published in the Surrey Archaeological Society Bulletin 421 (2010). In 2016 there was a further summary of test-pitting by Pamela and Richard Savage in SyAS Bulletin 458 (2016), and a report on Roman ceramic building material (CBM) in SyAS Bulletin 481 (2020). Analysis from the 2019 fieldwork are still ongoing, and a final report is being prepared for publication by Savage and Savage for the Surrey Archaeological Collections.
4.3.8 Summary of results from excavations: • Evidence for Mesolithic toolmaking across the Site. • A wide-spread scatter of Roman ceramic building material (CBM) across the Site. This appears to have been brought to the Site when the church was rebuilt in stone in the 12th century and redeposited in pits in Post-medieval period. • Roman domestic pottery rare, and much abraded.
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• Evidence for Saxon occupation almost non-existent, finds date mostly from after the Norman conquest onwards. • A light scatter of medieval pottery across the Site. • A marked reduction in pottery dating from 1350-1650AD, and the volume of pottery increases from the 18th century.
4.3.9 Within the Study Area archaeological notable features include a brick-making clamp (DBA 27), and the site of the Woking Palace park pale, historically the western boundary of the Woking Palace park (DBA 26). Geophysics survey in 2009 in paddock historically known as ‘Brickhill’ or ‘Brick Kiln Field’ revealed very dark anomalies. Excavation in 2010 confirmed the location of a medieval brick clamp or kiln (Savage 2010) (DBA 27, DBA 28, DBA 29, DBA 30, DBA 31). The Site is 800m west from the Woking Palace Scheduled Monument (DBA 62). Part of paddock east of the Site belonged to Woking Palace park. The park was originally surrounded by a wooden park pale and a section of the park pale was identified on a 2019 resistivity survey (DBA 26).
4.4.0 Built heritage
4.4.1 There are no other designated assets on the Site, and the existing house is not a designated listed building. A review of historical maps and documentary sources indicates that there were no buildings on the Site from 1607 until 19th century. The construction of first phase of house dates to around 1900, when it functioned as a coachman’s cottage or stables associated with Weylea, a Grade II listed building 45m north-west of the Site (DBA 48).The house has had three phases of development between 1910-1990.
4.4.2 A designated listed building is a building considered to have special historic or architectural interest and are registered on the National Heritage List for England. • Grade I buildings are of exceptional interest, and only 2.5% of listed buildings are Grade I • Grade II* are particularly interesting buildings of more than special interest, 5.8% listed buildings are Grade II* • Grade II buildings are of special interest, 91.7% of all listed buildings are in this class Source: Historic England www.historicengland.co.uk/listing/what-is-designation/listed- buildings
4.4.3 The nearest listed building is St Peter’s church (DBA 2, Fig 20, Fig 21), designated as a Grade I listed building, and dating from the 12th century, and Grade II monuments in churchyard. The church is the neighbouring property to the west (DBA 2). The western boundary of the Site is the St Peter’s churchyard wall (DBA 3). Whist the wall is not specifically designated as a monument or listed building by Historic England it is regarded as curtilage of the church, and therefore can be included with the church listing.
4.4.4 The Site is located close to the historic core of Old Woking. HER search returned records for 26 designated listed buildings within a 1km radius, six are within the 150m Study Area.
4.4.5 Historic environment
4.4.6 The Site is located south-east of Old Woking village. Old Woking is the original Woking settlement, located 2km south-east of the modern town, characterised as a
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settlement, a village or hamlet predating 1800’ (DBA 58) in the Surrey Historical Landscape Characterisation project (Surrey County Council, 2017).
4.4.7 The Site is located within the Old Woking Conservation Area (DBA 1), designated by Woking Borough Council in 1975. under the 1967 Civic Amenities Act, to protect areas of special architectural and historic character, including areas of archaeological importance.
4.4.8 Historical maps show the Site as located at the south-eastern corner of the village, between St Peter’s church and Woking Farm Park (formerly Palace park). The Site is shown as either meadow or arable field from 1607 until 1914. The Site was bounded by Towne Street (modern High Street) to the north, and the River Wey to the south. The boundary line of the park pale is shown surviving on maps until 1871, and a section of bank with double ditch still survives 80m south-east of the Site.
4.4.9 The Site is 800m north-west of a nationally significant Scheduled Monument, Woking Palace site at Oldhall Copse. A Scheduled Monument is designated as a nationally important building or site given with special protection. Woking Palace has a moat, fishponds, and ruins. There have been numerous archaeological investigations at Woking Palace including excavations, assessments, and surveys.
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5 Archaeological and historical background
5.1 Chronological Summary Prehistoric period (c500,000BCE – AD43) 5.1.1 Prehistoric activity is generally focused on the River Wey alluvial plain, as the hunter- gatherer population travelled along the River Wey corridor. In Old Woking evidence for prehistoric activity are from finds of flints in the alluvial meadows of the River Wey flood plain.
5.1.2 The Site is on the alluvial flood plain of the River Wey and shown high potential for prehistoric activity. The earliest prehistoric activity recorded in the Study Area dates from the Mesolithic Period (8500-4000 BCE). Numerous bladelets and flakes have been recovered from findspots and excavations on Site, and paddock to the east, and more numerous than any other archaeological site in Old Woking. Preliminary analysis of finds suggest that it functioned as a Mesolithic tool-production site, and locally significant. Prehistoric pottery has been found, but sherds are small and abraded, and cannot be precisely dated (Savage pers comm).
5.1.3 Findspots and excavations with prehistoric deposits. Gazetteer references for the prehistoric finds at the Site: DBA8, DBA9, DBA10, DBA19. In the Rosemead paddock (Site OWR): DBA18, DBA19, DBA25, DBA33, DBA37, DBA38, DBA39, DBA40.
5.1.4 Prehistoric activity has been found elsewhere in the Study Area: DBA 44 (Site OWB) DBA45 (Site OWL), DBA55, DBA56, (Site OWW), at the former glebe land south of the church
5.1.5 Mesolithic flints have also been discovered further east along the river, in a meadow near Woking Park Farm, 500m south-east from the Site (DBA 60)., and a prehistoric canoe paddle was discovered in the Wey Valley, near Send (HER 468). An Iron-Age occupation site was discovered 900m north of the Site at the Hockering, Monument Hill (HER 465).
5.1.6 Circular cropmarks are shown on and aerial photograph dating from 1974, in Carters Lane (374m north of the Site, DBA 63), possibly a prehistoric ring-ditch.
5.1.7 There are some traces of prehistoric communities in the Woking area. Bronze Age field boundaries have been located at Smarts Heath, Worplesdon. At Horsell Common three barrows date from the early Bronze Age (Hunt 2002,49) which are designated as Scheduled Monuments.
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Romano – British (43AD - 410 AD)
5.1.8 There has been no evidence for a Romano-British settlement in the Old Woking village but reused Romano-British material is incorporated into the fabric of the north wall of the nave of St Peter’s church, which was rebuilt in stone in the 12th century.
5.1.9 In 2009 Roman CBM including Roman tegulae and combed box flue tile was excavated by the Site owner during horticultural works in the paddock, c18m east of the Site’s western boundary, (DBA 4, other find spots: DBA 15, DBA 20, DBA 22, DBA 24. In 2010 test-pits and trenches were excavated in the paddock to investigate further by the Surrey Archaeological Society (DBA 13, DBA 14, DBA 16, DBA 25).
5.2.0 At a findspot on the south-west border of Site (DBA 11) a large piece of a Lydion was found just below the ground surface. CBM has also found in the front-driveway of the Site during excavation of a drainage ditch, and horticultural excavation (DBA6, DBA 7).
5.2.1 There is a wide-spread, but thin, scatter of large pieces of Romano-British ceramic building material across the Site, but by contrast evidence for domestic occupation from that period is rare. Pottery and glass are almost non-existent in the archaeological record, recovering only five sherds of pot, mostly very small, and well abraded. Indications are that this was not a stratified deposit of Romano-British CBM but imported at a later period.
5.2.2 Romano-British CBM has been excavated from three of the four pits on Site. The CBM was found between 40cm-1.2m depths, with the heaviest tile fragments found at the lowest levels, just above the ‘natural’ sand (Savage 2010, 2), (DBA 8, DBA9, DBA10). The origin of the CBM is unknown. In a test-pit (DBA12), near the southern boundary of the Site, two large pieces of CBM and two pot sherds at considerable depth also with Late medieval pot, 50cm of Post-medieval dumping and modern raised ground above (Savage 2020,13).
5.2.3 A report on the Romano-British CBM was published in SyAS Bulletin 481 (Savage 2020). Savage suggests that Roman CBM was brought to the Site in the Norman period and likely redeposited in a 12th century boundary ditch. In the Rosemead paddock the CBM appears to have been redeposited in pits of Post-medieval date, possibly originally for gravel extraction (Savage 2020,12). No Romano-British material was found in the northern half of the paddock except for one well abraded sherd of pot in DBA39. Pits with Romano-British finds are DBA13, DBA14, DBA29; and findspots: DBA15, DBA17, DBA18, DBA20, DBA22, DBA24.
5.2.4 Roman CBM and pot is rare at other archaeological sites in Old Woking. In the wider Study Area one piece of CBM found at Old Lea Cottage, Church Street (DBA45) and at sherd of pot at the Old Manor House Site, located by former village Open Fields. Interestingly no Roman pot or CBM was found at Whisperings, in the former glebe land south of the church 50m south-west of the site.
5.2.5 The closest Roman settlement was 600m south-east of the Site, a Romanised ‘native- style’ farmstead at the Furzes, Woking Park Farm (DBA 60). Excavation revealed post-holes from a timber building measuring 15x5m, which had been burnt. Pottery dating from the 1st–4th centuries AD was also found (Hawkins 1984, 161). The Romano-British CBM at St Peter’s and the Site could possibly have originated from this site. Other evidence for Romano-British habitation in the local area has been found at the Hockering, Monument Hill, 900m north of the Site (HER 465), excavated
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in 1960-61, and a coin hoard found in Pyford (Wakeford 2014).The known Romano- British villa sites are some distance away, the nearest villa is at Broad Street Common, and one possibly at Worplesdon (WHS 2014,10).
Low potential for in-situ Roman-British archaeological deposits, Moderate potential for redeposited Romano-British CBM in medieval/Post-medieval period to a depth of 1.2m
Early medieval/ Saxon, (AD 410 – 1066)
5.2.6 Old Woking is the original Woking settlement, located south-east of the modern town. The place name Woking derives from ‘the people of Wocc’ or ‘Wocca’. The name could be derived from a leading early-mid Saxon figure who colonised a wide area in north-west Surrey and south-east Berkshire (Crosby 2003:5).
5.2.7 In Saxon times Woking was the name of the settlement but also the larger division of land known as Woking Hundred. There were fourteen ‘Hundreds’ in Surrey and each had their own court and meeting place, and Woking may have once functioned as an important administrative centre.
5.2.8 The earliest written reference to Woking dates from 710AD when Pope Constantine wrote a letter to the monastery in Medeshamstede (Peterborough) relating to a dependent monastery dedicated to St Peter’s at Wocchingas, thought to be at the site of the present church (Crosby 2003,6:) In 780AD a land charter by King Offa of Mercia confirms a grant of 20 hides of land to the church at Woking ‘in which place the monastery is situated’. It was issued at the request of Abbott Pusa of Peterborough and a nobleman called Brodar to give proper legal title to an existing grant (Crosby 2003,7).
5.2.9 Following the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror gave the church and manor of Woking to Norman Osbern. The Domesday Book of 1086AD records a church and a mill at Woking. Woking village comprised of 33 villagers, 9 small holders with 20 ploughs and a church held by Osbern included a meadow, 32 acres and woodland for 133 pigs. The population at this time was thought to number 42 families (WHS 2014,12).
5.3.0 One of the objectives of the SyAS Old Woking test-pitting programme was to find evidence for Saxon settlement in Old Woking. Dennis Turner hypothesised from early maps that the Saxon minster church had been surrounded by enclosure ditches, and excavation aimed to locate this enclosure through excavation (Savage 2016,4). In the test-pit water was found at the lowest levels but as no ditch-edges were identified results were ambiguous.
5.3.1 In 2010 SyAS excavated a test-pit on the Site, east of the church-yard wall, (DBA 8), 20m south-east of the house. To investigate further, two additional test-pits were excavated on the Site, in 2018, (DBA 9 and DBA10), and in 2019, located slightly south of DBA 8. No evidence for Saxon occupation was found, with Saxo-Norman pottery at depth overlain by medieval pottery. There was no evidence for a boundary ditch. Richard Savage suggests that at one time there may have been a stream or palaeochannel running north-south on what is now the eastern boundary with the church (pers comm).
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5.3.2 The only archaeological evidence for Saxon activity in Old Woking, is from a test-pit at Old Lea Cottage in Church Street, 80m north-west from the Site. A single deposit of juvenile pig and cow bones were found in a ditch and radiocarbon dated to 7th century, which is also the same period as the Saxon church was founded, (DBA 45). This could possibly represent the northern boundary of the Saxon minster, which may have been established on an earlier pagan Site (Savage and Savage 2016,7)
5.3.3 Saxon remains are fragile are not always visible in the archaeological record. Saxon pottery can be difficult to distinguish from Prehistoric pot. However, from the overall lack of Saxon finds it can be assumed that settlement in Old Woking in the Saxon period was small in scale, possibly only a small estate and missionary outpost. Richard Savage suggests that it may have been a small but high-status estate centre next to a pagan religious site on a short promontory overlooking the river, in the area occupied by Church Street today (2016,8).
5.3.4 Within a 1km radius of St Peter’s church and the Site, the only other Saxon record on the HER is the findspot of an Anglo-Saxon 5th century spearhead, discovered in the Woking Palace moat in 1904 (DBA 66), but the date of deposition is unknown. Low Potential for Early medieval/Saxon deposits and finds
Middle-Late medieval period, (AD1066-1485)
5.3.5 In the medieval period settlement grew with St Peter’s church at the centre. St Peter’s church was rebuilt in stone around 1150AD. (DBA 2). The village was clustered in Church Street and spread west along Towne Street (modern High Street) to the Causeway to Send. Principal buildings were on the south side of the road. and had back plots that led down to the River Wey (Savage and Savage 2016,8). To the north of Towne Street were the common Open Fields. South of the River Wey were the common fields of Broadmead on the other side of the river. There is no surviving record of settlement located east of the church at the Site during this period.
5.3.6 The Woking Manor became established 800m south-east of the Site by the River Wey. The manor was royal in origin, held by Edward I until the Norman Conquest. The Crown held the manor until 1189, when Richard I granted Woking Manor to a leading supporter Alan Bassett. Bassett built a manor house, and a deer park, and surveys of 1272 and 1281 describe the manor and house as being of considerable stature (WHS 2014,13).
5.3.7 By 1326 Woking Manor was described in a detailed survey as a ‘capital messuage surrounded by moats’, holding 86.5 acres of arable land, 127.5 acres of barren land, 41 acres of meadow, 42.5 acres of meadow subject to floods, 37 acres of ‘very rushy’ pasture, a deer park with 60 deer, and woodland extending to Brookwood. There were 43 free tenants, 46 villeins and 40 cottars, paying rent for a mean dwelling with a small garden and up to 5 acres of land (WHS 2014, 13). A 1332 a taxation return lists 82 families in the parish ‘adhuc villata de Wockyngge’, with villagers identified by their occupation, or by place of residence (WHS2014,13).
5.3.8 There is good evidence for activity on the Site dating from the Norman period onwards. On the Site medieval pottery was found from 10-30cm below ground, mostly heavily abraded (Savage 2010,2), and little pottery found below 40cm. The three test-pits on Site, east of the church wall contained Saxo-Norman pottery at depth,
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overlain by medieval pottery. Pottery evidence from test-pits on the Site show a marked reduction in pottery dating from 1300-1650 of pottery possibly representative of a population decline from the bubonic plague. (Savage 2016,8).
5.3.9 In the Rosemead paddock geophysical surveys revealed dark anomalies, which on further investigation were brick making clamps (DBA 27) dating between 1419-1534, and probably associated with early brick making for Woking manor (Savage 2010,3), (DBA 20, DBA 28, DBA 29, DBA 30, DBA 31). Late medieval heat-affected pottery was found in the same area securing the date as 15th century (Savage and Savage 2020,10).
5.4.0 The excavations in Old Woking confirmed that settlement did not expand east of the churchyard, primarily concentrated near by the church in Church Street, and along the High Street.
5.4.1 Other Sites in the Study Area recovered medieval pottery, but the most significant at regional level was excavated in the former church glebe land, south of the church (DBA 54). A large, stratified deposit of unabraded Saxo-Norman pottery was found, at depth and in-situ (Savage 2010,2). Elsewhere in the Study Area a test-pit at The Bield provided evidence for a rear garden horticultural plot dating from the 12-14th century (DBA 43).
5.4.2 Listed Buildings in the Study Area from the medieval period include St Peter’s Church (DBA 2), Church cottage, Wey and Lea Cottage (DBA 46), and Scheduled Monument Woking Manor and Palace (DBA 62).
Moderate - High potential for the Middle-Late medieval period
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Post-medieval period (AD 1485 – 1799) 5.4.3 There is a high potential for archaeological deposits dating from the Post-medieval period. The greatest volume of finds at the Site date from the 18th century onward. Finds include tile, pottery, slag clay pipe fragments and glass. At Rosemead field east of the Site, there is evidence for pits, possibly for gravel extraction (DBA 14, DBA 13) The pit fill contained redeposited Roman CBM and 18th pottery (Savage and Savage 2020,12).
5.4.4 From the 17th century onwards ownership and land in the Study Area are better documented. St Peter’s churchwarden accounts dating from 1617 are stored in the Surrey History Centre. Maps date from 1607, and documentary sources such as manorial records, court rolls, land tax, hearth tax, and wills are available in the archive.
5.4.5 Listed buildings constructed in this period include Grade II Weylea, (formerly known as High House/Building) (DBA 48), Grade II The Old Vicarage (DBA 50), and Grade II The Grange, (formerly Woking College, DBA 40).
5.4.6 The Site was located west of the Woking Palace park, and south-west of the Towne Gate entrance to the park. Part of the Rosemead paddock was inside the western boundary of the park pale. The Site was in an area of the village known as Towne End, the tithing that included the eastern half of Old Woking High Street, Church Street, the road towards Hoe Bridge and area of the park formed from Woking Palace.
5.4.7 Until the construction of the railway in the 19th century Woking was a small rural market town. In the 15th century Woking village ‘comprised of the lands of tenant farmers and a few houses, inns and shops’ (Crosby 2003,23), with settlement clustered in Church Street and Town Street (High Street).
5.4.8 In 1466 the manor, moat and estates were inherited by Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII. Henry VIII inherited the property in 1509 and from 1532-42 enlarged his grandmother’s house on the bank of the River Wey into a large and luxurious palace complex (Crosby 2003,9), complete with moat, fishponds, and a deer park of 590 acres. Henry often visited the palace and hunted in the Great Park of Woking.
5.4.9 By reign of Elizabeth I ‘Okyng’ Palace had fallen into disrepair with the park pale described as being in ‘utter ruin’ in 1562 (SHC LM/949, in Poulton 2017, 28), and in 1610 extensive repairs were authorised (SHC 2663/1, Poulton 2017,28). The Palace was mostly unoccupied by the reign of James I, and sold to Sir Edward Zouch (Crosby 2003,11). Zouch abandoned the palace between 1625-34 and used the building for materials for a new residence at Hoebridge (Arnold 2006,10). Zouch disparked the Manor Park and it became tenanted with famers, and it became known thereafter as Woking Park Farm. Sir James Zouch, Lord of Woking Manor, made a concerted effort to revitalise the village of Woking and obtained a charter from Charles in 1665 II to authorise a weekly market. The Hearth Tax returns of 1662 record 61 households in Town End (WHS, 2014,19).
5.5.0 More occupants in the Study Area are named in this period. Henry and Joan Brabonde held ‘one cottage with a garden existing near Park gate of Woking’ in 1541, probably on the site of the Grange. Richard Compton owned a cottage ‘near Porsfield by the Park’ in 1552 ( WHS 2014, 15), and Sir Edward Rogers held for the King ‘palace and park land, one park three miles round and full of deer’ (WHS 2014,16).
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5.5.1 Robert Garret, clerk, held land is east of the churchyard (Arnold 2001,13), and is the first identifiable owner of the Site. In 1632 Robert Garrett was involved in court action against Sir Edward Zouch for denying his manorial tenants their customary rights, with Garrett cattle being illegally impounded by the Lord, (E 134/7Chas1/Mich 39).
5.5.2 In 1681 a brick churchyard wall was constructed between St Peter’s and the Site, replacing a wooden park pale. Churchwardens Accounts refer to a letter sent to Robert Garrett for the ye fence against the Churchyard (1676). Accounts record the construction of the churchyard wall in 1681, when an item paid to Henry Boylett for bricks lyme Sand and all the workmanship for Building the Three parts of the Wall at the East end of the Churchyard, (the other part to be paid by Mr Robert Garrett Clerke by agreement made between the parishioners and him. In 1682 Mr Robert Garrett for ye house late Mr Hattons had an uncollected debt for the wall (SHC,PSH/WOK P/7/14).Garrett also owned the Rose and Crown Inn, which was probably located near the corner of Church and Town Street, and the Site appears to have had an association with this inn until at least the 18th century.
5.5.3 The Site can be traced cartographically from 1607. The earliest map is ‘The map of the Woking Park’ by John Norden, (Figs 7 and Fig 8). This is not an accurately scaled map, and buildings are stylised. ‘Woking towne’ is shown as a small settlement concentrated near the church and westwards along the High or Town Street. The Site is located within a field next to St Peter’s church. The Site is in a rectangular plot of land with no buildings or structures. The wooden park pale for Woking ‘The Little Park’ is shown to the east. The Site plot is coloured brown possibly indicative of arable land. St Peter church is enclosed on all sides by a wooden pale fence, orientated incorrectly to face the east. To the north of the church is a double-hall house in Church Street possibly a house known as Synacles, and north-west of the Site is a square plot, possibly the future site of Weylea.
18th century- present day
5.5.4 In 1724 the writer Daniel Defoe described Woking as ‘a country market town so out of the way that ‘tis very little heard of in England’ (Hunt 2002,37).
5.5.5 Maps dating from the 17th-19th century show a small settlement on the northern side of the River Wey, with the church at its nucleus, and surrounded by fields. The Site is shown as located in pasture or arable field, between the church and the Woking Farm Park. The Site remains relatively unchanged until the house was constructed on the Site between 1896 and 1912.
5.5.6 Holmes 1709, Map of Woking and Pyford For the first time the owner or occupier of the Site is shown on a map, clearly marked on the map as the land of ‘Richard Hooke, yeoman’. The 1709 map shows a long open plot with no buildings, bounded by the Town Street to the north, High House and St Peter’s church to the west, the wooden park pale to the east on the Woking Park western boundary, with Brickhill field from Woking Park Farm is owned by Lord Onslow. Due to copyright restrictions on the Onslow archive I am unable to reproduce the Holmes map of 1709, and Remnant map of 1719. It has formed the basis for map of 1700s site landowners created by the author in Fig 19.
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5.5.7 Remnant 1719, A Survey of the Manor of Woking The Site is shown in plot 26, a long, large rectangular field owned by Robert Harvest, owner of plot 27 to the south and other properties in Old Woking. In 1749 the Site was arable or meadow land under the ownership of High House (Weylea). High House is described as a ‘new built brick house’, with ‘stabling for three horses, with or without ten acres of meadowland in closes; a navigable river comes to the town’. Enquire Mr Matthew East, Mr George Harvest, brewer, (London Evening Post advertisement. Thursday 11-Saturday 13 May,1749). The field east of the Site is part of a large field called Brickhill, owned by Lord Onslow
5.5.8 John Rocque, 1762, The Woking portion of Surrey The map is not drawn accurately to scale and does not have much detail. The Site is shown a part of an arable field with no buildings, and pasture and river to the south. A cross represents St Peter’s church to the west, and High House is shown to the north west.
5.5.9 The owner of the Site, and High House, in this period was Robert Harvest’s daughter Elizabeth East. Land tax records indicate that East owned properties in Church St, mill lands, the Rose and Crown Inn, and land including the Site. After her death in 1787 High House was bequeathed to her son in law Joseph, and the Rose and Crown and lands to daughter Elizabeth. This most likely includes the Site which became known as Crown Meadow in the 1841 tithe apportionment.
5.6.0 1840 Woking Tithe map The Site is named as Crown Meadow in the1841 Woking tithe map apportionment, plot 155. The landowner Humphrey Bowles, and occupier Rev CB Bowles, (also occupier of Woking College/the Grange). Crown Meadow is bounded by High Street to the north, the river to the south, and St Peter’s church to the west. The field to the east is in Woking Park Farm and is part of a larger field called Thirteen Acres, owned by Lord Onslow.
5.6.1 1871 OS 1st edition 25” map, the Site is in field number 111 within a large field in much the same form as Crown Meadow. A small building is shown in the corner of the boundary with the church and Weylea, probably the Weylea dovecote which still stands in north-west corner of the Site today.
5.6.2 1896 OS 2nd edition 25” map Around 1894 Mrs Ellen Carter purchased Crown Meadow from Bowles, and the western section of Thirteen acres, unifying into one large field. The new graveyard is shown to the east. Mrs Carter also purchased Weylea, and the Site was known thereafter as ‘Weylea meadow’. Weylea was auctioned after her death in 1908. The catalogue notes ‘the property comprises of large gardens, stabling, 6 acres of pastureland with frontage to the River Wey’, and that ‘portions of the meadow are let to various individuals’.
5.6.3 1914 OS 3rd edition 25” map shows for the first time the house in its original L- shaped form. Local legend is the house was a stables or coach-house for Weylea. The Site is in a long, narrow plot, and there is a small structure on the south-western boundary. A boat house is shown by the river, south of the Rosemead field.
5.6.4 1935 OS 25” map the house remains the same, and the meadow is divided into small closes. The house sits on a 1.215 acre plot, with a 1-acre meadow to the south. The Site, including house and adjoining field, was owned by the Garrod family of Weylea until 1953.
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5.6.5 1970 OS Map (TQ0526 1970 1:2500). The 1970 map shows the house named ‘Rosemead’ for the first time. The Site is part of a large plot extending to the river, and with a field to the east. A south-facing, rear extension was constructed in the 1950s and this is shown on the map. Outbuildings are also shown - a garage and two sheds. Aerial photographs from 1969 shows paving south of the house, a formal garden and landscaping (Fig 20).
5.6.6 2006 Aerial photograph. Around 1990 an eastern extension was constructed. A conservatory was added around the same date, with landscaping and concrete paving at the rear of the house. The 2006 photograph shows the modern house and the Site in the same form as it exists today.
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6 Existing impacts and impact of proposal
6.1 Existing impacts
6.1.1 Potential impacts affecting the survival of archaeological resources could include excavation, service installation, levelling, ground disturbance, and landscaping, and horticultural activities.
6.1.2 A review of maps of the Site shows that a house has been present on the site since 1896-1912, with three stages of construction. The existing site boundary can be seen on maps dating from 1970. The Site was meadow or arable land before 1896 and residential and garden from that date.
6.1.3 The Site has been subject to surfacing works to accommodate construction of the house. Construction and landscaping of the existing building will have had an adverse impact on the survival of any archaeological remains. There is evidence for truncation by two drainage services running to a septic tank, and the excavation of a pond (now infilled), The area is paved with concrete paving slabs.
Existing impacts on at the Site include: • Modern drainage and service installation • Horticultural cultivation • Levelling and landscaping
6.1.4 The Site is located on high ground in the River Wey alluvial floodplain at 23m OD, which slopes gently down towards the river. The natural geology of the Site is yellow/grey sand, overlain by a 1m-1.2m layer of loose alluvial silt. Any surviving archaeological remains could potentially be found within the 1m thick alluvial silt layer to a depth of 1-1.2m below ground level
6.2 Development proposal
6.2.1 The development proposal is for construction of a single-storey extension. The house has undergone three previous phases of development c.1900, 1953, and 1990. The proposed extension will occupy a paved courtyard to the rear of the original house, and tucked between the western 1950s extension, and eastern 1990s extension. An UPVC conservatory constructed c1990 will be demolished, and building returned to the footprint of the 1950s extension’s southern end. Foundations for the proposed extension would be strip foundations up to 1m deep and 60cm wide (Fig 6.). The Proposed and Existing block plans by C7 Architects Ltd are shown in Fig 4 and Fig 5.
6.2.2 Implications of Proposal Excavation for building foundations will remove any surviving archaeology to a depth of 1m. Groundworks for drains, lighting and other services, ground clearance and levelling and landscaping will also have a negative impact on sub-surface archaeology.
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7 Conclusions and recommendations
7.1 Archaeological potential A low potential for survival of archaeological deposits has been identified because of the high level of modern ground disturbance within the small development footprint. Sub-surface remains will likely be unstratified finds rather than in-situ features.
7.1.1 Elsewhere on the Site, a moderate-high potential for ground archaeological remains have been identified, although usually not stratified until at a depth of 80cm-1m. From the assessment of previous archaeological investigations in the Study Area any archaeological deposits are likely to have local significance.
7.1.2 The development will not impact on any listed standing building: There are no listed buildings within the Site footprint, but the Site shares the churchyard wall with St Peter’s church as its western boundary. The assessment has identified that Grade I listed St Peter’s Church is 15m west of the Site, and Grade II monuments in the churchyard. The nearest memorials to the site are the Hunt tomb, and the John Rawlings tomb. The proposed extension will not impact visually on the setting of St Peter’s church as it will not be visible. The conservatory is partially visible from the churchyard, screened by a pleached hedge. Demolition of the conservatory and restoration of the south-western end of the house could improve the visual setting of the Church viewed from the Site.
7.1.3 The proposed development is in the Old Woking Conservation Area but is not visible to other buildings within the Conservation Area, and does not affect their visual setting.
7.1.4 The proposed development does not impact on any Scheduled Monuments, the nearest is Woking Palace which is 800m south-east.
7.1.5 The Site is within an Area of High Archaeological Potential, with a moderate-high potential for archaeological finds. However, the development footprint has a low potential for the survival of stratified archaeological deposits due to modern ground disturbance. It is recommended that mitigation is in the form of a watching brief. Any future archaeological work would be secured on the advice of the local curatorial body at Surrey County Council.
7.1.6 The Archaeological Officer at Historic Environment Planning, Surrey County Council, has been shown a draft of this report and agrees with the recommendation of a watching brief.
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8 Gazetteer of known archaeological sites and finds The table below represents a gazetteer of known archaeological sites and finds within the 150m Study Area around the Site. The gazetteer should be read in conjunction with Fig 2
DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 1 167 Old Designated 1975 502059 156874 Woking Conservati on Area 2 13362 St Peter’s Grade 1 listed. Monument, 502084 156845 Medieval (listed Church. 12thC- 17thCE. listed Post- building). Church Saxon minster church building medieval 453 Street founded 675AD thought Church (monument) to have originally stood on site before church rebuilt in stone 12thCE HER record 479 Early monastic establishment ESE4075 Documentary evidence, ESE4076 Evidence reassessed
15785 Great Oak Door, Norman date ESE613 Dendrochronological analysis
ESE3214 – Building survey of nave pews, Oxford Archaeological unit, 2017
13480 – 6 Grade II listed head and footstones in St Peter’s churchyard 13481 – Grade II listed Headstone James Heal
4227 Tudor pottery find spot from site adjacent
13482 Tomb of John Rawlings, Grade II LBD 1236289 Hunt Tomb, Grade II 13490 Vincent Tomb, Grade II War memorials: 20390, 20392 20393, 20394, 20395 13480 headstones MSE13481 James Heal headstone 1432851 -Old Woking war memorial
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DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 3. 19196 Church- Church rate assessment Wall 502117 156837 Post- yard wall, of 24 February 1681 medieval St Peter’s refers to construction of church wall to replace wooden pale fence P52/2/8-15 4 19043 Rosemead Roman pottery found in Find-spot Roman High Street evaluation trenches dug by SyAS 2010. 5 19044 Rosemead Medieval Pottery Find-spot Medieval High Street Found during excavation by SyAS 2010 6 OWR17.R11 Rosemead Roman CBM Excavation 502123 156870 Roman High Street Probably bought to area of sewer in 12thCE when St drain Peter’s church rebuilt in stone (Savage 2020) 7 OWR17.R12 Rosemead Roman CBM Find-spot 502112 156866.5 Roman High Street
8 OWR10.04 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502118 156829.6 Prehistoric, High Street Rosemead garden, by Roman churchyard wall by SyAS Medieval, Adjacent to church wall Post-Med sought to identify original Modern Saxon Minster boundary ditch hypothesised by Derek Turner. No ditch edges located but water at lower levels. Dug through loose silty soils with little pottery below 40cm. Roman CBM at lowest levels, thought to be deposited 12thCE Natural grey/yellow sand reached at 120cm. No evidence for Saxon occupation, plenty of evidence for centuries following Norman Conquest, and less pottery from 1350- 1650AD than would be expected. 9 OWR18.11 Rosemead Rosemead garden, by Excavation 502117.8 156825.7 Prehistoric, High Street churchyard wall. 496 132 Roman CORS 1x 1m test-pit, Medieval, SyAS Post-Med No ditch edges located Modern Roman CBM at lowest levels
10 OWR18.12 Rosemead Rosemead garden, by Excavation 502116.8 156819.9 Prehistoric, High Street churchyard wall. 575 254 Roman CORS 1x 1m test-pit Medieval, SyAS Post-Med Roman CBM at lowest Modern levels Mesolithic bladelets
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DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 11 OWR17.R10 Rosemead Rosemead garden, by Find-spot 502115.6 156814.0 Roman High Street Whisperings wall. 655 572 Roman Lydion Found close to surface with modern glass 12 OWR19.20 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502135.4 156802.7 Prehistoric, High Street SyAS Roman 474 508 Roman Rosemead garden CBM and Medieval, Roman CBM and pot, pot, human Post-Med human bone bone Modern 13 OWR10.09 Rosemead 3m x 1m Evaluation Excavation 502154.3 156835.9 Medieval, field, High trench. 786 369 Post- Street Rosemead field. medieval, Revealed Modern Shallow pit dug into gravel terrace filled with medieval/post-medieval pot and Roman CBM. Pottery at lowest layers dated to 1550-1800. Pit could have been for gravel extraction.
14 OWR10.03 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502156.6 156836.4 Post- field, High Rosemead field. 482 021 medieval, Street Natural gravels reached Roman, at 65cm bgl Modern Roman CBM
15 OWR09.R4 Rosemead Roman tegula, Roman Water pipe Roman field, High glass excavation Medieval Street Post medieval, Modern
16 OWR10.10 Rosemead Rosemead field. Informal 502159.3 156838.6 field, High Not excavated with evaluation 333 642 Street CORS methodology. trench
17 OWR.VPS Rosemead Horticultural work, Surface 502158.8 156845.8 Modern, field, High Rosemead field finds 795 918 19thC, Street Post medieval, medieval, Roman, prehistoric 18 OWR.VPN Rosemead Horticultural work, Surface 502157.1 156858.3 Modern, field, High Rosemead field finds 999 459 19thC, Street Post medieval, medieval, Roman, prehistoric 19. OWR19.19 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502162.9 156852.2 Prehistoric, field, High SyAS 63 04 medieval, Street Rosemead field post- medieval 20. OWR09.R9 Rosemead Rosemead field Findspot Roman field, High Roman CBM Street See OWR10.06
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DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 21 OWR10.02 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502152.5 156857.8 Medieval, field, High SyAS 762 766 Post- Street Rosemead field medieval, medieval, predominately modern post-medieval 22 OWR09.R3 Rosemead Roman combed box flue Find spot 502147 156854. Roman field, High tile found in horticultural Medieval, Street work post Pottery medieval, medieval predominately post- medieval
23 OWR09.R1 Rosemead Post -medieval pottery, 502145 156866. Post- field, High clay pipes, tile, nails, medieval Street large flints 24 OWR09.R8 Rosemead Roman tegula 502161 156863 Roman field, High Street 25 OWR10.01 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502162.1 156861.9 Prehistoric, field, High CORS 1x 1m test-pit 217 29 Medieval, Street SyAS post- Prehistoric, medieval, medieval post-medieval pot 26 Line of Rosemead ‘Brickhill’ field Monument 502158 156882 Late Park pale Runs north-south Park Pale medieval Woking orientation from The Woking Great Park Grange to the river. Great Park Rosemead Line shown on 1841 tithe field, High map and 1871 OS map. Street Visible aerial photographs and from 2019 resistivity survey by SyAS. Wooden park pale is shown on John Norden map of 1607 1709 map by John Holmes (SHC 5337/2(1)) associated with 18190, 18191,18192 section of park pale, Woking Park 27 Brick Rosemead ‘Brickhill’ Monument Medieval clamp Field Brick Rosemead Excavated by SyAS in clamp field, High 2010 Street Other SyAS site-codes: OWR09.R9, OWR10.06, OWR10.07, OWR10.08
First revealed as Dark anomaly on Magnetometry Survey 2009 Field shown on early maps as Brickhill (1709 John Holmes map, 1719 Remnant map) and Brick Kiln Field (1810 Plan of lands belonging to Lord Onslow in occupation by Mr Garment). Is located east of park pale in what was once Woking Great Park.
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DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 27 Brick making of an early (cont) date, possibly for the . Woking Manor. Archaeological assessment: HER ESE 2729
Surrey Archaeological Society, 31/12/1863, Surrey Archaeological Collections (Serial). SSE2. TQ 021 568 Evaluation trenches dug by SyAS under the direction of R Savage proved the existence of substantial brick clamps as indicated by magnetometry survey in 2009; the clamps remain undated but are probably medieval. Test -pits confirmed a scattered presence of Roman period tiles to the east of St Peter's Church but only one sherd of domestic Roman pottery was found (well rolled and close to the surface of the field). A test pit at an adjoining property produced large stratified sherds of early 12th century pottery, co- incident with the building or rebuilding of St Peter's Church around 100- 1120AD.
28 19059 Rosemead See above, also Monument 502298 156832 Medieval field, High Also Brick Kiln Field, Old Possible Street Woking: Archaeological kiln Desk-Based Assessment (Document). ESE2729 J. Mansi, SyAS (2010)
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code
29 OWR10.06 Rosemead Evaluation test-pit, Excavation 502188.4 156858.4 Medieval field, High SyAS 831 818 15-16thC Street Rosemead field Roman Brick pit/ kiln area Medieval Ceased excavation at top Post- of orange layer of brick medieval clamp. First investigation OWR.R9
Brick-firing clamps lying just inside park pale Roman pot 1 sherd, much abraded
30 OWR10.07 Rosemead Evaluation excavation of Excavation 502183.9 156876.9 Medieval field, High brick kiln or clamp, SyAS 955 518 Street Rosemead field Ceased at junction of orange and black layers of brick clamp 31 OWR10.08 Rosemead 8m x 1 m Evaluation Excavation 502179.0 156861.5 Medieval field, High trench 965 867 Post Street trench across brick kiln or medieval clamp to gravel below 32 OWR09.R6 Rosemead Waterpipe excavation Findspot 502183.6 156878.9 field, High Rosemead field 86 086 Street 33 OWR19.17 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit 502191.8 156886.9 Prehistoric, field, High SyAS 54 08 Medieval, Street Rosemead field Post- medieval, Modern 34 OWR19.18 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit 502179.9 156885.3 Medieval, field, High Rosemead field 07 59 Post- Street medieval, Modern 35 OWR09.R7 Rosemead White ware pottery, found Findspot 502171.5 156931.4 Medieval, field, High Water pipe excavation 514 305 Modern Street 36 Resistivity Rosemead To identify line of historic Resistivity Survey 2019 field, High boundary/western park Survey Street pale for Woking Palace Rosemead field 37 OWR19.16 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502179.5 156942.5 Prehistoric field, High SyAS 688 053 Medieval Street Rosemead field Post- medieval Modern 38 OWR19.15 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502159.8 156941.4 Prehistoric, field, High SyAS 89 98 Medieval, Street Rosemead field Post- Evidence for Mesolithic medieval, toolmaking Modern 39 OWR19.14 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502148.2 156940.6 Prehistoric, field, High SyAS 9 1 medieval, Street Rosemead field Post- Mesolithic bladelets, medieval, flakes Modern
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DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 40 OWR19.13 Rosemead CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502136.5 156939.8 Prehistoric, field, High SyAS 146 836 Roman, Street Rosemead field Medieval, Re Post- Pot, Mesolithic flints, and medieval, flakes Modern 41 1044693 The Built c. 1800, Grade II Grade II 502144 156978 Grange listed building. Woking listed College school in 19th building century 42 2685 The Desk based assessment Archaeolog Grange C Lacey, The Historic ical Consultancy (2010) Assessme nt 43 OWB18.02 The Bield, CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502073.2 156909.9 Medieval, High Street SyAS 702 009 Post- Evidence for timber medieval, framed building Modern 44 OWB18.01 The Bield, CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502073.6 156901.4 Prehistoric, High Street SyAS 777 629 Medieval, Badly disturbed by Post- modern activity medieval, Modern 45 OWL11.01 Old Lea CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502063.7 156902.3 Prehistoric Cottage, SyAS 547 612 Roman Church Single deposit of animal Saxon Street bone (pig and cattle) Medieval radiocarbon dated to late Post 7th C at 1m depth, under medieval, modern deposit. Modern Test-pit excavated on one of two probable northern boundaries of the Saxon minster suggested by Dennis Turner.
46 13491 Lea Grade II listed house, Grade II 502054 156903 Medieval Cottage originally one timber listed and Wey framed house divided building Cottage, into two. 16th century with Church 19th C additions. Street 47 13381 Church Grade II listed timber 50255 156894 Medieval Cottages, framed house Church Previously owned by Street Weylea 20972 – Findspot Early post medieval pottery and glass
48 13363 Weylea Grade II Listed Building Grade II 502076 156873 Post First shown on 1709 map listed medieval of Woking village by John building Holmes. Originally called High House or High Buildings. Previous owners: Robert Harvest, Elizabeth East, Joseph East (18th C) Sophia Grove c1800. Ellen Carter c1900 (also owner of Rosemead)
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DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 49 20972 Church Early Post-medieval Findspot 502000 156900 Post- Cottages, pottery and glass medieval Church Street 50 13379 The Old Built c.1800, Grade II Grade II 502024 156852 Post- Vicarage, listed Listed medieval Church building Street 51 OWV11.01 The Old Feature recorded within Excavation 502047.0 156854.0 Medieval, Vicarage, the test-pit 074 897 Post- Church medieval, Street Modern 52 OWV11.02 The Old Excavation 502044.0 156838.5 Medieval, Vicarage, 97 289 Post- Church medieval, Street Modern 53 OWV11.03 The Old Excavation 502044.0 156838.5 Medieval, Vicarage, 97 289 Post- Church medieval, Street Modern 54 OWR10.05 At lowest levels large Excavation 502098.5 156809.5 Medieval, pottery assemblage 847 488 Post- including shelly ware medieval, from 12-13thC. Possible Modern pit or ditch.
55 OWW19.01 Evaluation trench, Excavation 502093.4 156796.0 Prehistoric, 3mx1m for first 50cm 17 302 Medieval, depth then 3m x 0.5m Post- medieval, Modern 56 OWW19.02 CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502101.2 156806.8 Prehistoric, SyAS 718 616 Saxon (?), Medieval, Post- medieval, Modern 57 OWW19.03 CORS 1x 1m test-pit Excavation 502098.5 156808.5 Medieval, SyAS 433 566 Post- medieval, Modern 58 14377 Woking Documentary evidence Settlement 502000 156950 Saxon - Village ESE12360 present 59 OWP11.01 St Peter’s Watching brief repairs to Archaeolog Post- Church western churchyard wall ical medieval SyAS watching brief 60 2368 Woking Two Mesolithic flint cores Findspot 502500 156500 Prehistoric Park Farm and numerous flakes found during trial trenching at The Furzes 61 480 The Furzes Romano-British Settlement 502590 156529 Roman =, Woking settlement on a gravel Excavation Park Farm island (local Excavation by Nan name for Hawkins 1969 -1975 scrub and Post-holes of timber heathland building 15m x 5m which by the had been destroyed by River Wey fire. Boundary and enclosure ditch, and possible trackway to ford across River Wey, pottery dating 1-4thCE
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 61 Finds – FSE730 (cont) (pottery), FSE731 (copper) ESE4077 Field observation, survey ESE4078,4079,4080,408 1 - Excavation
62 1019366 Woking Manor house and palace Scheduled 502933 157079 Medieval, Scheduled Manor/Pal ruins, earthworks, Monument Post- Monument ace fishponds, and moat Excavation medieval 463 Woking moated Scheduled Monument Survey Palace site 1066-1620 AD Oldhall Grant of Woking Manor Copse, to Alan Basset by King Woking Richard I Park Tudor Palace owned by Lady Margaret Beaufort, her son Henry VII, Henry VIII Located in former Royal deer park Woking Park. Demolished 1620 Sir Edward Zouch. Palace shown on map by John Norden 1607. Associated monuments: 15096 park and garden Woking Park, 18137, 18188, 18189, 18190,18191,18192,181 93 Section of Park Pale 463 Woking Palace 471 Anglo-Saxon spearhead findspot
Excavated 2009-2015 by community excavation led by R. Poulton, SCAU and Richard Savage, (SyAS), Director (ESE3117) Building recording by SCAU of surviving wall foundations (ESE2375) Auger survey, geophysics Steve Dyer ESE1384 John Norden’s 1607 map – correspondence with modern features (ESE2418), SyAS J Young ESE530 – excavation of postholes for noticeboard ESE4048, ESE4049, ESE4050, (Field observation, survey) ESE4051 Excavation ESE10124, ESE10725 Resistivity survey ESE3149 Monument protection programme
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
DBA HER No/ Name Description Type Easting Northing Period No. Site Code 62 463: medieval moat, (cont) palace 3thc, palace 1501-1600 467 – supposed site of Old Hall Moat 2639 – Homestead moat (supposed site of Old Hall)
63 14558 Carters Ring-ditch crop mark Crop mark 502230 157220 Unknown Lane A large ring-ditch at Old Woking, of some 40m internal diameter with a ditch about 2m wide. Two linear features shown nearby on the photograph are modern agricultural. The photograph’s reference at Swindon is TQ 0257/2: Historic England archive Swindon 727: frame 264 taken on 22 July 1974. 64 471 Woking Anglo-Saxon 5th century Findspot 502933 157153 Palace spearhead found in moat Woking Palace moat in 1904
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
9 Bibliography
Abbreviations are: BL. The British Library LMA London Metropolitan Archives SHC Surrey History Centre TNA The National Archives, Kew WSFHS West Surrey Family History Society SyAS Surrey Archaeological Society
Cartographic Sources John Norden, 1607 Map of Woking Park, BL: ms Hartley 3749.art.13 John Holmes 1709, A map of Woking Park lying in the parishes of Woking and Pyford, SHC 5337/2(1) John Remnant. 1719 Map of the Manor of Woking, SHC G97/5/63/1 John Remnant, 1719 A Survey of the Mannour of Woking MDCCXIX, SHC 97/5/63/2 John Rocque, 1762 Portion of a Map of a topographical map of the county of Surrey engraved by Peter Andrews. SHC M/477/3 p5 Tithe Map of Woking, 1840, Woking East Tithe Map, sheet D, Edward J. Smith surveyor. SHC 3864/1/137 Tithe apportionment of Woking, 1841, SHC 864/1/138 British Geological Survey of Great Britain Drift, Sheet 286, ‘Aldershot Sheet’, published 1951 Ordnance Survey maps Modern map bases are reproduced with permission of Ordnance Survey @Crown Copyright 2020, licence number 100053143
Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map, Surrey sheet XVII.13 (surveyed 1869-70, pub 1871) Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25” map, Surrey sheet XVII.13 (surveyed 1870-1, revised 1895, published 1896) Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25” scale map, Surrey sheet XVII.13 (surveyed 1869-70, revised 1912, published 1914) Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25” scale map, Surrey sheet XVII.13 (surveyed 1869-70, revised 1934, published 1935) Ordnance Survey TQ 0256 1:2500 (1970)
Aerial Photographic Sources: Surrey Air Survey, 2006 www.surrey.aerial.openstreetmap.org.uk Vertical aerial photograph, sortie number OS/69399, Library number 11449 frame 331 6 August 1969, Historic England Archive 1/2500
Illustration sources: Watercolour of St Peter’s Church, Woking c1830s, SHC 9043/2/58/1
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Written sources
Arnold, P, (2004), The Woking Collection CD, 3rd edition, compiled by West Surrey Family History Society Arnold, P. (2000), Early Woking Families before 1700, West Surrey family History Society record series 35 Arnold, P. (2006), Woking Palace, Woking: Friends of Woking Palace. Arnold, P. (2001), Early Woking Buildings and their occupants from 1841-91 and in previous years, West Surrey Family History Society Record series 36. Crosby, A. 2003, A History of Woking, Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. Domesday Book, 3. Surrey (1975), Phillimore. The original is TNA.E31/2/1881 Exchequer, Office of the First Fruits and Tenths, and the Court of Augmentations Woking Manor tenants v. Sir Edward Zouch, (1631), TNA E 134/7Chas1/Mich39 Hankinson Duckett Associates (April 2015) Surrey Landscape Character Assessment - Woking Borough, Wallingford Hawkins, N. 1984, Excavation of a Romano-British occupation Site at Woking Park Farm, Old Woking (TQ 025 565), SAC 75, 161-175 Hunt, R. 2002, Hidden Depths – An Archaeological Exploration of Surrey’s Past, Guildford: SyAS Land Tax Collection Woking Hundred, 1780 The Woking Collection CD, WFHS Landscape Partnership (2010) Woking Landscape Character Map, Character Study Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (February 2019) National Planning Policy Framework London Evening Post advertisement (Thursday 11-Saturday 13 May,1749), Poulton, R. (2017), The moated medieval manor and Tudor royal residence at Woking Palace – excavations between 2009 and 2015, Monograph 16, Woking: SpoilHeap Publications Savage, R.W. (2010), Old Woking: Test-pitting and Other Work, SyAS Bulletin, 421, 1-3 Savage R.W. Test-Pitting and Village Studies (2011), SyAS Bulletin, 427, 10-11 Savage, R.W, and Savage P.E.M., (2016), The development of Old Woking: an update, SyAS Bulletin 458, 4-10 Savage, R.W., and Savage, P.E.M. (2020), Roman Ceramic Building Material (CBM) at Old Woking, SyAs Bulletin 481, 8-13 Arnold, P. Transcription of St Peter’s Woking Church warden accounts and rate assessments, SHC P52/2/8-15 The Chartered Institute for Archaeologists, (February 2014, updated January 2017), Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment, Reading Rosemead, High Street, Old Woking sale brochure, 2006 Waterfall, Durrant & Barclay Weylea sale particulars, Messrs Emery and Sons, Auctioneers, 31 August 1908, SHC SP/4223 Will of Elizabeth East, of Heathrow, Harmondsworth, widow, 18th century, LMO ACC/538/2nd dep/3199 Woking Borough Council (1999) Status of Supplementary Planning Guidance, Old Woking Conservation Area - Character Appraisal and design Guidance. Supplementary to Policy BE8 of the Woking Borough Council Local Plan 1999
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
Woking Borough Council, (2000), The Heritage of Woking – An Historic Conservation Compendium Woking Borough Council (January 2010) Listed Buildings in Woking Borough Woking Borough Local Development Document (October 2016) Proposal Map Insets, Planning Policy, Woking Borough Council Woking Borough Council (October 2016) Local Development Documents – Proposal Map Woking 2027 Woking Local Development Documents - Development Management Policies Development Plan Document, CS20 Heritage and Conservation (October 2016), Woking Borough Council Woking History Society, (2014) Old Woking – A History Through Documents, Woking History Society Young, D. and Savage, R.W, 2017, The Location, Disparking and Survival of Woking Palace in, (2017), The moated medieval manor and Tudor royal residence at Woking Palace – excavations between 2009 and 2015 , Monograph 16,Woking: SpoilHeap Publications
Digital Sources:
Britain from Above https://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/en
Historic England photo archive https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/photos/
National Historic Environment Record – Heritage Gateway, www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/CHR/
Woking’s History and Heritage https://wokinghistory.org/ Ian Wakeford archive: Ian Wakeford (2014) Prehistoric Woking Ian Wakeford, (2014) What the Romans Left for Us Ian Wakeford ‘1086 & All That’ Ian Wakeford (2014) ‘Where’s Wocca?’
The National Heritage List for England, www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/
National Planning Practice Guidance on conserving and enhancing the historic environment, www.planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/conserving-and- enhancing-thehistoric-environment/why-is-significance-important-in-decision-taking/
Surrey Historic Environment Record, www.surreycc.gov.uk/recreation-heritage-andculture/archaeology/historic- environment-record
The Lightbox www.thelightbox.org.uk
Woking Borough Council website, www.woking.gov.uk/planning/listedbuildings
Woking Palace www.woking-palace.org
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Appendix 1: Figures
Figure 1 Site location
LBD
Figure 2 Gazetteer map Figure 2: Gazetteer map LoxLocation
Figure 3 Areas of High Archaeological Potential and Woking Palace Scheduled Monument
Figure 4 Archaeological excavations and findspots from the Old Woking test-pitting programme by Surrey Archaeological Society
Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
Figure 5 Existing block plan, ©C7 Architects Ltd
Figure 6 Proposed block plan, ©C7 Architects Ltd
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Figure 7 Proposed section (east-facing) ©C7 Architects Ltd
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
Figure 8 John Norden’s map of Woking Park, 1607 (the Site circled in red). Reproduced with permission from the British Library ©The British Library Board. Harley MS.3749.art.13
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Figure 9 Detail from John Norden, 1607 Map of Woking Park ©The British Library Board. Harley MS.3749.art.13
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
Figure 10 Detail from Rocque’s map, 1762 Reproduced by permission of the Surrey History Centre ©SHC M/477/2
Figure 11 John Rocque’s map of Surrey, 1762
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Figure 12 Site land owners in 1700s, by Joanna Mansi. Map based on 1709 Holmes, and 1719 Remnant superimposed on modern OS basemap.
Sites from Old Woking test-pitting programme are also shown. OWR: Rosemead, OWB: The Bield, OWL: Old Lea Cottage, OWW: Whisperings, OWV: The Old Vicarage
Reprodued with permission of The Surrey History Centre ©SHC 864/1/137 Figure 13 Woking tithe map, 1840. Application site shown outlined in red.
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Figure 14 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map, surveyed 1869-70, published 1871 Reproduced with permission of the Surrey History Centre ©SHC
Figure 15 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25” map, published 1896 Reproduced with permission of the Surrey History Centre ©SHC
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Figure 16 Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25” map, revised 1912, published 1914 Reproduced with permission of the Surrey History Centre ©SHC
Figure 17 Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25” map, revised 1934, published 1935 Reproduced with permission of the Surrey History Centre ©SHC
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Figure 18 Ordnance Survey TQ 0256 1:2500 scale map, 1970
©Surrey Heath Borough Council Figure 19 Aerial photograph of site from the Surrey Air Survey
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020
©Historic England aerial photographic archive Figure 20. Aerial photograph of the Site in 1969, looking north
©Reproduced with permission of the Surrey History Centre Figure 21. Watercolour of St Peter’s church, 1830s looking north from the River Wey.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Appendix 2: Plates Plate Number Description Orientation 1 View of the north of existing south-facing elevation N of the application site, taken from the south.
2 View of the north-west, towards the rear of the NW house, taken from the south.
3 View of the concrete paved courtyard, location of NW proposed single storey extension.
4 View north-east showing existing south-facing NE elevation.
5 View to the north-west showing 1990s NW conservatory and concrete paving.
6 View of the south showing paved, courtyard, site of S proposed extension. Lawn and garden beyond to the south.
7 View of site looking south-west towards 2010 and SW 2018 test-pit locations. Taken from the conservatory.
8 View of house looking west. W
9 View of the house looking west. W
10 View of the site looking east taken from the St E Peters churchyard.
11 View from south-eastern corner of St Peters NE churchyard.
12 View to the west towards the site, taken from the W south-east of Rosemead field
13 View of Rosemead field looking south. Taken from S centre of field. 14 View of the front, or north-facing elevation of the SW house, looking south-west. Taken from northern entrance to application site. 15 Grade II listed Weylea, neighbouring property to W the north-west. Taken from north of site entrance gate.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Photo 1. View looking north showing the south-facing elevation of the existing house. The house had three construction phases – c1900 (centre of photograph), 1950s extension (left), and extended to the right c1990. A conservatory was added c 1990 (left).
Photo 2 (above): View looking to the north-west, showing the Site, and its setting next to Grade I listed St Peters Church. The St Peters churchyard wall is shown on the left, and is the western boundary of the site.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Photo 3 (above). The south-facing paved courtyard, site of the proposed single storey rear extension (looking north-west) Photo 4 (below). Looking north-east
Photo 5 (left). The view to the north-west showing 1990s conservatory and paving, with churchyard wall and St Peters church and churchyard wall in the background
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Photo 6. View of the Site looking south, showing a level paved courtyard, and conservatory to the right. The proposed extension would be sited in this area, located between the building to the left and right. Potential impacts to sub-surface archaeology in this area are from levelling, landscaping, and modern disturbance from house construction. The courtyard has been truncated by two ditches running to the septic tank in the south-west of the site, and a pond, now infilled (in the area where there are lighter coloured paving slabs, near the flower bed in middle of the courtyard).
Photo 7, View of the Site looking south-west taken from conservatory at west of Site. The churchyard wall is to the right, and the area where three test pits excavated in 2010 and 2018 are in the foreground to the right, east of the churchyard wall. South of the large trees in the background is an iron fence with water meadow and River Wey. A fourth test-pit was excavated close to the southern boundary of the site, north of a large willow tree.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Photo 8 and Photo 9 (below). View of house looking towards St Peter’s church to the west.
Photo 10.The view of the Site from St Peters churchyard, looking east.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Photo 11 (below). View looking north-east, taken inside the churchyard from the south-east. The Site is not visible in the summer months because of trees and hedge obscure view.
Photo 12 (below). View to the west from Rosemead field. The photo is taken from inside the former Woking Palace park pale. The western boundary of the Park was on a north-south orientation, located north of the fruit cage at the right of the photograph. Roman CBM was first discovered nearby. Rosemead house and St Peters church are visible in the background. The Site historically was meadow or arable land at the eastern boundary of Woking village, and between the church and the Woking Park western boundary. A brick clamp dating to the Late Medieval period was excavated in 2010, close to the location where the photograph was taken.
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Archaeological desk-based assessment, Rosemead, Old Woking., Joanna Mansi October 2020
Photo 13 (below). View to the south of Rosemead field, taken from the the centre. A cemetery is to the east, and land owned by Burhill estates to the south.
Photo 14. North-facing side of the house (built c1900), looking south-west, photographed from the entrance gate at the northern boundary of Application site. Two Roman CBM fndspots were found in this area, one by the churchyard wall, the other in the foreground.
Photo 15 (below). Weylea (Grade II listed building) and St Peters church, looking west from the entrance to the application site (north of the Site).
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