ROSEMEAD 190 HIGH STREET OLD WOKING GU22 9JH Borough of Woking National Grid Reference: 502126 156852 Archaeological desk-based assessment October 2020 Author: Joanna Mansi Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020 Contents Non-Technical Summary 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 2 1.2 Site status 2 1.3 Aims and objectives 3 2 Methodology and sources consulted 4 3 Legislative and planning framework 5 3.1. National planning policy guidance 5 3.2 Archaeology and planning policy in the Borough of Woking 7 4 The setting: Site location, topography, and geology 9 4.1 Site location 9 4.2 Geology 9 4.3 Setting 9 5 Archaeological and historical background 13 5.1 Chronological summary 13 6 Existing impacts and impact of proposal 22 6.1 Existing impacts 22 6.2 Proposals and Impact 22 7 Conclusions and recommendations 23 8 Gazetteer of known archaeological sites and finds 24 9 Bibliography 34 Appendix 1. Figures 37 Appendix 2. Plates 51 i Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020 List of Figures Figure 1 Site location Figure 2 Gazetteer map Figure 3 Areas of High Archaeological Potential and Scheduled Monument Figure 4 Rosemead excavations and findspots, Old Woking test-pitting programme Figure 5 Existing block plan Figure 6 Proposed block plan Figure 7 Proposed section, east facing Figure 8 John Norden’s map of Woking Park, 1607 Figure 9 Detail from John Norden’s map of 1607 Figure 10 John Rocque’s map of Surrey, 1762 Figure 11 Detail from Rocque’s map Figure 12 Landowners of the site 1700s, based on Holmes map of Woking 1709 and Remnant map of Woking, 1719 Figure 13 Tithe map, 1840 Figure 14 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map of 1871 Figure 15 Ordnance Survey 2nd edition 25” map of 1896 Figure 16 Ordnance Survey 3rd edition 25” map of 1914 Figure 17 Ordnance Survey 25” map of 1935 Figure 18 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale map, 1970 Figure 19 Aerial photograph, 2006 Figure 20 Aerial photograph, 1969 Figure 21 Watercolour of St Peter’s Church, 1830s Note: site outlines may appear differently on some Figures owing to distortions in historic maps. ii Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Non-Technical Summary Joanna Mansi was commissioned by C7 Architects Ltd to undertake an archaeological desk- based assessment, to support a planning application at Rosemead, 190 High Street, Old Woking, Surrey (National Grid Reference 502126/156852: Fig 1; hereafter the Site). The aim of the assessment was to identify and assess the significance and nature of any archaeological resources to enable the local authority to formulate an appropriate response. The development proposal comprises of a single-storey extension at the rear of a residential building. It is proposed that the extension would infill a concrete-paved courtyard between two wings of the existing building, with a footprint of around 29.5m2 in size. The demolition of an existing UPVC and glass conservatory is also proposed, and building restored to the footprint circa 1990. A circular Study Area extending for 150m from the Site centre has been considered to provide an archaeological and historical context for interpretation. The Historic Environment Record (HER), and other sources were consulted. Human activity from the Prehistoric period through to the modern period has been identified in the Study Area, with plenty of evidence for occupation following the Norman conquest. The Site has a moderate-high potential to contain archaeological finds from Prehistoric–Post medieval periods from a depth of 30cm-1.2m below ground level, but there is low potential for in-situ archaeological deposits, features, or structures. There is a high potential that impact from construction and landscaping of the existing dwelling will have a negative effect on the survival of archaeology. Levelling, truncation from drainage ditches, landscaping, and excavation of a pond will have had an adverse impact, therefore, there is a low probability that a stratified archaeological deposit will survive to a depth of 80cm- 1m. The proposed development will have a high impact on the archaeological remains from ground works associated with the demolition of the existing conservatory, levelling, and landscaping, and excavation for foundations, to a depth of 1m below ground level (bgl). It is suggested that an archaeological watching brief would form an appropriate mitigation for this Site, taking into consideration the small area of development, and the adverse impact from modern ground disturbance. 1 Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020 1 Introduction 1.1 Origin and scope of the report 1.1.1 Joanna Mansi was commissioned by C7 Architects Ltd to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment for a proposed development at Rosemead, 190 High Street, Old Woking, Woking, GU22 9JH (National Grid Reference 502126/156852: Fig 1), under the jurisdiction of Woking Borough Council, Surrey. 1.1.2 The development proposal comprises of a single-storey extension at the rear of a residential building. The proposed extension would be sited between the eastern and western wings of the dwelling, infilling the existing concrete-paved courtyard. 1.1.3 This desk-based assessment forms an initial stage of archaeological investigation of the area of proposed development. The ‘Site’ in this assessment refers specifically to the residential building (including the footprint area of proposed extension 29.5m²), and the curtilage, covering 0.485ha. The Study Area covers a 150m radius from the centre of the Site. 1.1.4 The objective of the assessment is to establish whether locally important artefacts or archaeological remains are present on the Site. The assessment aims to identify the nature and significance of the archaeological resource to enable informed recommendations to be made for the future treatment of any surviving remains, and to enable the local authority to formulate appropriate responses to any identified archaeological resource. 1.1.5 The assessment has been undertaken to meet the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) of February 2016 Chapter 16: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, and the Local Borough plan. 1.1.6 The desk-based assessment has been carried out in accordance with the standards specified by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIFA 2014, updated January 2017). 1.1.7 It should be noted that there are limitations imposed by dealing with historical material and maps, the information in this document, is to the best of the knowledge of the author correct at time of writing. 1.2 Site Status 1.2.1 The Site is predicted to have the potential for sub-surface archaeological heritage assets. • The Site lies in an Area of High Archaeological Potential - the Old Woking and Shackleford Historic Core, designated by Woking Borough Council in 2016. • The Site is situated within the Old Woking Conservation Area. • There are no statutory listed buildings on the Site. • The nearest listed building is the Grade I designated Church of St Peter’s, and Grade II listed monuments in the churchyard. The churchyard wall marks the Site’s western boundary wall. • The nearest Scheduled Monument is Woking Palace 800m to the south-east. • There have been numerous archaeological research excavations on, and near the Site by the Surrey Archaeological Society Old Woking test-pitting programme, 2009-2019. 2 Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020 1.3 Aims and objectives 1.3.1 The aim of the assessment is to: • Identify the nature and significance of the archaeological resource • Describe the survival and extent of known or potential archaeological features that may affected by the proposals • Assess the likely impacts arising from the proposed development. • Provide recommendations to further quantify the nature of the archaeological resources or mitigation aimed at reducing or removing completely any adverse impacts. 3 Archaeological desk-based assessment, Joanna Mansi October 2020 2 Methodology and sources consulted 2.1.1 The aim of this assessment is to detail the known information relating to archaeology and the built environment, and to assess the potential for any resources than may be impacted by the proposed development. 2.1.2 For the purposes of this report, various available documentary and cartographic sources were examined to determine the likely nature, extent, preservation, and significance of any archaeological resource that may be present within the Site. 2.1.3 To set the Site within its full archaeological and historical context, information was collected from the Historical Environment Record (HER) on the known archaeology within a 1000m radius centred on the Site. The Study Area was then reduced to a circular area of 150m to focus on the large number of archaeological investigations and findspots close to the Site. 2.1.4 Fig 2 shows the location of known archaeological Sites and findspots within the 150m Study Area, and Fig 3 the location of Scheduled Monument and Areas of Archaeological Importance (AHAPs). Sites and findspots have been allocated a unique assessment reference number (DBA1, 2 etc), which is listed in the gazetteer and is referred to in the text. A full bibliography and list of sources consulted may be found in Section 9. 2.1.5 In addition, the following sources were consulted: • Surrey History Centre – Ordnance survey and other historic maps and plans, documentary sources, published local histories • British Library – historic maps and documentary sources • Historic England Archive – aerial photographs • Surrey Archaeological Society – archaeological publications, data from the Old Woking test-pitting programme, mapping from the Old Woking QGIS project, GPS and total station survey data, auger survey • British Geological Survey (BGS) – geology map sheet 269 • C7 Architects Ltd – block plans (September 2020) • Internet – web published material including Local Plan 2.1.6 The degree to which archaeological deposits potentially survive on the Site would depend on previous land use, so an assessment was made of the destructive effect of both previous and present activity and/or buildings.