DOCSLIB.ORG

Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology, Second Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology, Second Edition Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology, Second Edition MARYANNE TATE MALTBY WHURR PUBLISHERS Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page i Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology Second Edition This page intentionally left blank Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page iii Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology MARYANNE TATE MALTBY DASED, BA, MEd, MSc, FSHAA, EdD, RHAD. HEARING AID AUDIOLOGIST AND AUDIOLOGICAL SCIENTIST Active Hearing, Boston Spa, W. Yorkshire and TRAINING OFFICER Ultravox Group, Wilmslow, Cheshire. W WHURR PUBLISHERS LONDON AND PHILADELPHIA Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page iv First Edition published 1994 by Chapman & Hall © Second edition 2002 Whurr Publishers Second edition published by Whurr Publishers Ltd 19b Compton Terrace, London N1 2UN, England and 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia PA 19106, USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Whurr Publishers Limited. This publication is sold subject to the conditions that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed upon any subsequent purchaser. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 1 86156 257 8 Printed and bound in the UK by Athenaeum Press Ltd, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page v Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgements ix Part one: Fundamental Sciences 1 1 Acoustics 3 2 Anatomy and physiology of the ear 21 3 Medical aspects of hearing loss 45 4 Speech and intelligibility 67 5 The basic hearing aid system 80 6 Digital hearing aids 106 Part two: The Practice of Hearing Aid Audiology 123 7 The assessment procedure 125 8 Hearing aids and their performance 154 9 Selection and fitting 185 10 Earmoulds 204 11 Evaluation 219 12 Client management and rehabilitation 235 Part three: Special Aspects of Hearing Aid Audiology 257 13 Assessment and management of special problems 259 14 Paediatric provision 290 Glossary 314 References 325 Index 331 v This page intentionally left blank Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page vii Foreword The second edition of Maryanne Maltby’s text Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology is both welcome and timely. At a time when we are seeing major changes in the UK in provision, technology and rehabilitative approaches in hearing aid audiology, students in training and experienced practi- tioners alike will find this text a mine of useful information. The text has been totally rewritten and updated from the first edition and contains elements basic to the practice of hearing aid audiology, together with a clear exposé of advanced modern thinking. Written by a person with a wealth of experience in both training and practical hearing aid fitting, Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology is a must for all prospective and practising hearing aid audiologists. It is absolutely relevant to the needs of today’s hearing aid dispenser who has a responsi- bility to furnish patients with ongoing experiences of excellence in clinical practice. The presentation of the material is clear and precise yet not excessively technical in style. A welcome addition to the recommended reading list of all major training courses for hearing aid dispensers, Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology will prove to be a cornerstone in training and ongoing educa- tion in both the UK and further afield. Michael Nolan BSc, PhD, MSHAA Registrar of the British Society of Hearing Aid Audiologists vii This page intentionally left blank Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page ix Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the assistance given in the preparation of this new edition by: David Gaszczyk (BMI Healthcare) – graphs, computer diagrams and index. Karen Shepherd (A&M Hearing Ltd) – digital hearing aids. Roger Lewin (Phonak UK Ltd) – algorithms. Lesley Pestell (Starkey Ltd) – impressions. Peter Bodo (Rayovac UK Ltd) – battery specifications. I should also like to express my sincere thanks to all those who helped or encouraged me in any way and especially to Roger Lewin, David Gaszczyk, Paul Weston and Robert Rendell for their comments. Maryanne Tate Maltby ix This page intentionally left blank Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page 1 PART ONE Fundamental Sciences 1 This page intentionally left blank Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page 3 Chapter 1 Acoustics 1.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOUND 1.1.1 Sound generation Sound requires a source, a medium through which to travel and a detector. The detector is usually a listener but could be a sound measuring device (for example, a sound level meter). Sound is generated by a vibrating object and is transmitted through an elastic medium or substance: gas, liquid or solid. In air, the sound source sets the air particles into vibration, in the same back and forth motion as that of the vibrating sound source. The medium itself is not transferred to the detector; each particle is displaced only a very small distance from its resting position (equilibrium). The energy is passed across the medium as a series of compressions and rarefactions (Figure 1.1). This constitutes a sound wave. In compressions, the air particles move closer together and the air pressure is slightly higher than normal; in rarefactions, the particles move away from each other and the air pressure is slightly lower than normal. The speed of sound varies with the density of the medium through which it travels. The denser the medium, the faster sound travels. For example, the speed of sound in air is approximately 340 metres per second but in water, which is a denser medium, sound travels at approxi- mately 1450 metres per second. Sound becomes weaker with increasing distance from the source. If there are no obstacles to affect the progress of the sound waves, the decrease in intensity will be in accordance with the inverse square law. This states that the intensity varies inversely with the square of the distance from the sound source (Figure 1.2). In other words, doubling the distance decreases the intensity by a factor of 4 (22). 3 Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page 4 4 Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology Figure 1.1. The tines of the tuning fork move alternately towards and apart from each other causing alternate regions of compression and rarefaction that move outwards through the air. Figure 1.2. As distance away from the sound source increases, the sound level falls in accordance with the inverse square law. Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page 5 Acoustics 5 1.1.2 Properties of sound The simplest waveform is a sine wave or sinusoid. A sine wave is produced by simple harmonic motion, where each vibration is repeated back and forth. This motion repeats itself exactly in equal periods of time and is known as periodic motion. Sinusoidal sound waves are very clean or pure sounds and are therefore termed simple or pure tones. A pure tone can be described by three characteristics: frequency, intensity and duration. (a) Frequency The frequency of a sound is denoted by the number of cycles of vibration that occur in one second. A cycle consists of one compression and one rarefaction of air particles. It can perhaps be better visualized as the movement of a pendulum. In a complete cycle, the pendulum would move from its resting position A to a position to one side B, then back through the resting position A to the other side C, and back to the resting position (Figure 1.3). If it takes one second to complete one full cycle, the frequency is 1 cycle per second (cps) or 1 hertz (Hz); 10 Hz, therefore, means 10 cps. Cycles per second are termed hertz after Heinrich Hertz, a nineteenth- century German physicist. The more cycles that occur in one second, the higher is the frequency of the sound. An electric motor, for example, can readily be heard to produce a higher frequency sound as its speed is increased. Pitch is the subjective attribute of frequency and is closely related to frequency. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. However, as pitch is subjective, it cannot be measured directly. The piano produces its lowest note at 27.5 Hz and its highest at 4186 Hz; middle C is 261.63 Hz (Somerfield, 1987). The human ear can detect a Figure 1.3. A complete cycle of the pendulum is shown by movement from A to B, from B to C and from C back to A. Tate & Maltby 3rd crc 13/12/01 12:11 pm Page 6 6 Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology much wider frequency range than this and the young healthy ear can perceive a frequency range from approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Sounds below this frequency range are called infrasonic and those above this range are called ultrasonic. The wavelength is defined as the distance covered by one complete cycle. Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency and can be determined using the formula: speed (v) wavelength (λ) = frequency (f) As frequency increases, wavelength decreases. The speed of sound in air is approximately 340 metres per second (m/s). So, for example, if the frequency of a sound wave is 850 Hz, the wavelength in air will be: 340 m/s = 0.4 m 850 Hz (b) Period The time required for one cycle is known as the period (Figure 1.4).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Audiometry Techniques, Circuits, and Systems
    M. Tech. Credit Seminar Report, Electronic Systems Group, EE Dept, IIT Bombay submitted Nov 03 Audiometry techniques, circuits, and systems Vineet P. Aras (Roll No. 03307411) Supervisor: Prof. P. C. Pandey Abstract Audiometry is the technique to identify and quantitatively determine the degree of hearing loss of a person by measuring his hearing sensitivity, so that suitable medical treatment or one of the appropriate hearing aids and assistive devices can be prescribed. In audiological investigations, the hearing sensitivity is tested for pure tones, speech or other sound stimuli. The result, when plotted graphically, is called an audiogram. The electronic instrument used for measuring the hearing threshold level is called an audiometer. Using it, the test tones of different frequencies and levels are generated and presented to the patient and hearing thresholds are determined on the basis of patient s response. The auditory system and its disorders are described. Different audiometric tests, techniques and various audiometers are discussed. 1. Introduction There could be various disorders in the various parts of the ear. Audiological investigations help us to diagnose the nature of deafness and localise the site of disorder. The method by which patient's hearing sensitivity can be determined is termed as audiometry [1]. It helps in assessing the nature, degree, and probable cause of the hearing impairment. In this technique, auditory stimuli with varying intensity levels are presented to the person who responds to these stimuli. The minimum intensity level of these stimuli to which consistent responses are obtained is taken as the threshold of hearing . Depending on this threshold, the patient s hearing sensitivity can be estimated by obtaining an audiogram.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Perception of Tone Quality Changes During Conventional Tone Decay Test Procedures with Normally Hearing Human Subjects
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1986 Investigation of the perception of tone quality changes during conventional tone decay test procedures with normally hearing human subjects Anne M. Cook The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Cook, Anne M., "Investigation of the perception of tone quality changes during conventional tone decay test procedures with normally hearing human subjects" (1986). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2759. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2759 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT IN WHICH COPYRIGHT SUB­ SISTS. ANY FURTHER REPRINTING OF ITS CONTENTS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE AUTHOR, MANSFIELD LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF [MONTANA DATE: 1986_ An Investigation of the Perception of Tone Quality Changes During Conventional Tone Decay Test Procedures with Normally Hearing Human Subjects By Anne M. Cook B.S., University of Washington, 1983 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Montana 1986 Approved by: Chair, Board of Maminers Dean", Gr a d ua te Sc hoo 1 / : H ftL Date ~]f UMI Number: EP34804 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Audiology Staff At
    3rd Edition contributions from and compilation by the VA Audiology staff at Mountain Home, Tennessee with contributions from the VA Audiology staffs at Long Beach, California and Nashville, Tennessee Department of Veterans Affairs Spring, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 TYPES OF HEARING LOSS ...........................................................................................1 DIAGNOSTIC AUDIOLOGY ............................................................................................3 Case History ...............................................................................................................3 Otoscopic Examination ..............................................................................................3 Pure-Tone Audiometry ...............................................................................................3 Masking ......................................................................................................................6 Audiometric Tuning Fork Tests ..................................................................................6 Examples of Pure-Tone Audiograms ........................................................................7 Speech Audiometry ....................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Hearing Impairment Corporate Medical Policy
    Evaluation of Hearing Impairment Corporate Medical Policy File Name: Evaluation of Hearing Impairment File Code: UM.DIAG.01 Origination: 07/1997 Last Review: 01/2019 Next Review: 01/2020 Effective Date: 10/01/2019 Description/Summary Hearing impairment or hearing loss is a reduction in the ability to perceive sound. The loss may range from slight to complete deafness. Audiometric studies are diagnostic tests that evaluate sensorineural and conductive hearing losses. Conductive hearing loss is the result of disorders of the external or middle ear; sensory hearing loss is secondary to disturbance of the cochlea; neural hearing loss results from disease of the auditory (eighth) nerve or central auditory channel connections. Sensory and neural hearing losses are frequently included under the term sensorineural hearing loss. Mixed or combined hearing loss involves disturbances of both conductive and sensorineural mechanisms. Policy Coding Information Click the links below for attachments, coding tables & instructions. Attachment I- CPT® coding table & instructions When a service may be considered medically necessary The Plan covers a screening test for hearing in conjunction with a preventive medicine evaluation and management service when done in accordance with current American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Practice, and/or Bright Futures guidelines. Audiometric studies may be medically necessary for patients who have experienced or continue to experience illnesses or injuries which may predispose them to hearing loss
    [Show full text]
  • Audiological Evaluation in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus
    International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Original Research Article Audiological Evaluation in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Rajendra Kumar Gorwara1, Hemendra Bamaniya2, Padam Chand Ajmera3 1Assistant Professor, Department of ENT, Pacific Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur 2Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Ananta Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajsamand 3Professor, Department of ENT, Pacific Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur Corresponding Author: Hemendra Bamaniya ABSTRACT Aims & objective: the objective of present study was to assess the hearing loss in patients of diabetes mellitus type II by clinical and audiometric examinations. Material and methods: this prospective study was done in the department of ENT, Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur during the period from January 2016 to January 2018. 100 cases of diabetes mellitus type II were included in the study. 100 healthy were included in the study as controls. Complete routine and audiological investigations were done in all the subjects including audiogram, acoustic reflex, tone decay test, speech discrimination score and short increment sensitivity index score and the results were compared between cases and controls. Results: the study includes 100 diabetic cases with mean age 52.5 (age ranges from 40-60 years). Cases include 74 males and 26 females. 100 healthy controls were included with mean age 53.1. Age and sex were matched with cases. Prevalence of hearing loss was 46% in cases and 11% in controls. Hearing loss in all the subject was of sensorineural type (SNHL). Among cases, 3 patients had unilateral and 43 cases had bilateral hearing loss. All the 11 controls had bilateral hearing loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 1 Suppl Data File 2.Xlsx
    ICD-9 ICD9Code ICD9Description 388.00 DEGENERATIVE AND VASCULAR DISORDERS, UNSPECIFIED 388.01 PRESBYACUSIS 388.02 TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC DEAFNESS 388.10 NOISE EFFECTS ON INNER EAR, UNSPECIFIED 388.11 ACOUSTIC TRAUMA (EXPLOSIVE) TO EAR 388.12 NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS 388.2 SUDDEN HEARING LOSS, UNSPECIFIED 388.30 TINNITUS, UNSPECIFIED 388.31 SUBJECTIVE TINNITUS 388.32 OBJECTIVE TINNITUS 388.40 ABNORMAL AUDITORY PERCEPTION, UNSPECIFIED 388.41 DIPLACUSIS 388.42 HYPERACUSIS 388.43 IMPAIRMENT OF AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION 388.44 AUDITORY RECRUITMENT 388.45 ACQUIRED AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER 388.5 DISORDERS OF ACOUSTIC NERVE 388.60 OTORRHEA, UNSPECIFIED 388.61 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA 388.69 OTHER OTORRHEA 388.70 OTALGIA, UNSPECIFIED 388.71 OTOGENIC PAIN 388.72 REFERRED OTOGENIC PAIN 388.8 OTHER DISORDERS OF EAR 388.9 UNSPECIFIED DISORDER OF EAR 389.00 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, UNSPECIFIED 389.01 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, EXTERNAL EAR 389.02 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, TYMPANIC MEMBRANE 389.03 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, MIDDLE EAR 389.04 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, INNER EAR 389.05 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, UNILATERAL 389.06 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS, BILATERAL 389.08 CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS OF COMBINED TYPES 389.10 SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS, UNSPECIFIED 389.11 SENSORY HEARING LOSS, BILATERAL 389.12 NEURAL HEARING LOSS, BILATERAL 389.13 NEURAL HEARING LOSS, UNILATERAL 389.14 CENTRAL HEARING LOSS, BILATERAL 389.15 SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS, UNILATERAL 389.16 SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS, ASYMMETRICAL 389.17 SENSORY HEARING LOSS, UNILATERAL 389.18 SENSORINEURAL
    [Show full text]
  • Vertigo and Dizziness: a Study of Relationships to Audiological Testing and Patient History Data
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1972 Vertigo and dizziness: a study of relationships to audiological testing and patient history data Nancy Lee Crosby The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Crosby, Nancy Lee, "Vertigo and dizziness: a study of relationships to audiological testing and patient history data" (1972). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6190. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6190 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VERTIGO Aim DIZZINESS: A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS TO AUDIOLOGICAL TESTING AND PATIENT HISTORY DATA By Nancy L. Crosby B.A., University of Montana, 1962 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1972 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners ^ j ili Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: EP36991 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustic Reflex Measurements and the Loudness Function in Sensorineural Hearing Loss
    ACOUSTIC REFLEX MEASUREMENTS AND THE LOUDNESS FUNCTION IN SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS SHEILA ULIEL, M.A. (AUDIOLOGY) (WITWATERSRAND) Unit for Hearing-impaired Children, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. SUMMARY The suprathreshold acoustic reflex responses of forty two ears affected by sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin and fifty-eight ears demonstrating normal hearing, were recorded by means of an electro-acoustic impedance meter and attached X-Y recorder. The recordings were done in ascending and descending fashion, at successively increasing and decreasing 5 dB intensity levels from 90-120-90 dB HL respectively, for the individual pure-tone frequencies of 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz. The contralateral mode of measurement was employed. Analysis of these recordings indicated that the acoustic reflex responses could be differentiated into five characteristic patterns of growth, which could be depicted upon a continuum of peaked, peaked-rounded, rounded, rounded-flat, and flat shapes. The peaked and peaked-rounded patterns were found to predominate at all four pure-tone frequencies in the normal ears, while the rounded-fiat and flat patterns were found to predominate only at the higher pure-tone frequencies of 2 000 and 4 000 Hz in the ears affected by sensorineural hearing loss. This latter relationship was also able to be applied to two disorders of the loudness function — loudness recruitment and hyperacusis. It was concluded that the flattened acoustic reflex patterns at the higher pure-tone frequencies constituted a potential diagnostic cue related to the differential diagnosis of sensori-neural hearing loss, and to disorders of the loudness function.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Auditory Nerve Condition by Tone Decay in Deaf Subjects with a Cochlear Implant
    International Journal of Audiology ISSN: 1499-2027 (Print) 1708-8186 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iija20 Assessing auditory nerve condition by tone decay in deaf subjects with a cochlear implant Jan-Willem A. Wasmann, Ruben H. M. van Eijl, Huib Versnel & Gijsbert A. van Zanten To cite this article: Jan-Willem A. Wasmann, Ruben H. M. van Eijl, Huib Versnel & Gijsbert A. van Zanten (2018) Assessing auditory nerve condition by tone decay in deaf subjects with a cochlear implant, International Journal of Audiology, 57:11, 864-871, DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1498598 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2018.1498598 © 2018 British Society of Audiology, International Society of Audiology, and Nordic Audiological Society. Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 27 Sep 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 182 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=iija20 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY 2018, VOL. 57, NO. 11, 864–871 https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2018.1498598 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Assessing auditory nerve condition by tone decay in deaf subjects with a cochlear implant Jan-Willem A. Wasmanna,b, Ruben H. M. van Eijla,c, Huib Versnela,c and Gijsbert A. van Zantena,c aDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; bDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; cBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The condition of the auditory nerve is a factor determining hearing performance of cochlear implant (CI) Received 8 June 2016 recipients.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Hearing Loss in the Elderly Molinier CE*, Gallois Y, Marx M and Fraysse B Polygenicity [7]
    Open Access Gerontology & Geriatrics: Research Special Article - Hearing Loss Overview of Hearing Loss in the Elderly Molinier CE*, Gallois Y, Marx M and Fraysse B polygenicity [7]. At present, a genetic examination is not systematically Department of Otoneurology-Head and Neck Surgery, conducted in the context of classical presbycusis. Pierre-Paul Riquet University Hospital Center of Toulouse, France Screening for hearing loss *Corresponding author: Charles-Edouard Molinier, There is no universal screening system for adults as hearing loss is Department of Otoneurology-Head and Neck Surgery, currently defined by general practitioners, ENT specialists or hearing Pierre-Paul Riquet University Hospital Center, France aid acousticians on request by the patient or family. Received: December 11, 2019; Accepted: January 03, WHO-sponsored awareness days such as World Hearing Day, 2020; Published: January 10, 2020 held on March 3rd each year, provide free screening for patients at Introduction participating centers in many countries. The gold standard in the diagnosis of presbycusis is still tonal Deafness is a major public health issue worldwide. According to and vocal audiometry. Therefore, presbycusis appears to be bilateral the World Health Organization (WHO), of all diseases it is the 4th symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss that is predominant in high leading cause of morbidity. The WHO defines hearing loss as a loss of frequencies on tonal audiometry. Speech audiometry identifies more than 25dB in the ear with best hearing. Deafness is considered difficulties in speech discrimination with an increase in the disabling when hearing loss exceeds 40dB in adults and 30dB in intelligibility threshold, which corresponds with the dB threshold children in the best ear.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Retro Cochlear Pathology for Finding Hearing Ability Using Tone Decay Test by Dr
    Global Journal of Medical Research: D Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Instrumentation Volume 16 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2016 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4618 & Print ISSN: 0975-5888 Study of Retro Cochlear Pathology for finding Hearing Ability using Tone Decay Test By Dr. Sharmila. R. Chaudhari P D E A’s Baburaoji Gholap College Abstract- Pure tone Audiometry (PTA)-Tone Decay Test is the key hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, enabling determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing loss. The test is used to indentify quickly screening for Retro Cochlear pathology. In audio logical investigations, the hearing sensitivity is tested for pure tones. The test tones of different frequencies and levels are generated and presented to the patient and hearing thresholds are determined on the basis of patient’s response. Thus in this work we described the auditory system and its disorders. Keywords: audiometer, pure tone decay. GJMR-D Classification: NLMC Code: WV 201 StudyofRetroCochlearPathologyforfindingHearingAbilityusingToneDecayTest Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2016. Dr. Sharmila. R. Chaudhari. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Study of Retro Cochlear Pathology for finding Hearing Ability using Tone Decay Test Dr. Sharmila. R. Chaudhari Abstract- Pure tone Audiometry (PTA)-Tone Decay Test is the METER is used to perform Tone Decay Test & results key hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an are concluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Hearing Loss
    Assessment of Hearing and Management of hearing loss DR. H. P. SINGH Additional Professor Department of ENT & Head Neck Surgery Disclaimer This presentation is for educational purposes only not for commercial activity. Principles of hearing Air-conduction Bone-conduction Why do we test hearing To detect one of major hearing impairment Quality: Sensorineural (perception) or Conductive Quantity: how much dB loss Types of Hearing Loss Conductive: External or Middle ear pathology Sensorineural: Damage at the inner ear (cochlea) Mixed: Both cochlear damage & outer/middle ear pathology Tests for detection of hearing loss Finger friction Watch test Speech test Loud conversation at 12 meter Whisper at 6 meter Tuning fork test Weber test Rinne test Bing test Schwabach’s test Gelle’s test Audiometry Objective Subjective Speech test App. 6 meter distance Each ear must be test separately Patient should repeat 5 words whispered by the doctor, 5 words told loudly High-frequency words (silence, similarly, sitting) Low-frequency words (drum, button) Results: loss of high frequencies – perception disease (i.e. presbyacusis) low frequencies – conductive disease (i.e. otitis media) Tuning fork tests these allow one to distinguish (much more clearly) between conductive and sensorineural deafness Frequencies: 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 & 4096 Hz Rinne´s test ➢ comparison is made between bone and air conduction ➢ base of a tuning fork is placed to the mastoid area (bone), and then after the sound is no longer appreciated, the vibrating
    [Show full text]