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The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England BLAIR, KEYNE Praise for the First Edition & SCRAGG L Edited by “This volume is a major achievement of extensive and durable value. All students of Anglo-Saxon APIDGE, The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of England, at whatever level, will wish to have it at hand.” English Historical Review “This is a great addition to the works of reference available to students of Anglo-Saxon England at s every level: one never opens the book without learning something.” - Notes and Queries Anglo Saxon “Lapidge et al. have compiled a unique storehouse of knowledge, a synthesized compendium of Anglo The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of The Wiley classic and contemporary research from a wide array of interdisciplinary fields within Anglo-Saxon and medieval studies.” H-Net Reviews England An essential reference work for this period of English history, The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Second Edition Anglo-Saxon England is now available in a new edition. It brings together more than 700 articles written by 150 leading scholars on the people, places, activities, and creations of the Anglo-Saxons. - Edited by MICHAEL LAPIDGE, Saxon England Saxon It is the only reference work to cover the history, archaeology, arts, architecture, literatures, and JOHN BLAIR, SImON KEYNEs & DONALD SCRAGG languages of England from the Roman withdrawal to the Norman Conquest (c.450 - 1066). This new edition has been thoroughly updated to include the latest scholarship, and features 52 brand-new entries and a new appendix detailing English archbishops and bishops from 597 to 1066. As in the first edition, the Encyclopedia includes maps, line drawings, photos, a table of rulers of the English from 450 to 1066, and a comprehensive classified index of headwords. With an accessible layout and authoritative content, this is indispensable reading, both for specialists in this interdisciplinary field and for students looking for a thorough grounding in key topics. MICHAEL LAPIDGE is Emeritus Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. JOHN BLAIR is Professor of Medieval History and Archaeology at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of The Queen’s College, Oxford. SImON KEYNEs is Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. DONALD SCRAGG is Emeritus Professor of Anglo-Saxon Studies at the University of Manchester. Second Edition hb_9780470656327.indd 1 21/8/13 12:57:19 The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME> Comp. by: <USER> Date: 03 Sep 2013 Time: 09:25:21 AM Stage: <STAGE> Page Number: i The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England Second Edition Edited by Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, and Donald Scragg Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME> Comp. by: <USER> Date: 03 Sep 2013 Time: 09:25:21 AM Stage: <STAGE> Page Number: iii This second edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Edition History: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e hardback 1999, 1e paperback 2001) Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley blackwell. The right of Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, and Donald Scragg to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England / edited by Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, and Donald Scragg. – Second edition. pages cm Revised edition of: The Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7 (cloth) 1. Great Britain–History–Anglo-Saxon period, 449–1066–Encyclopedias. 2. England–Civilization–To 1066–Encyclopedias. I. Lapidge, Michael. II. Title. DA152.B58 2014 942.01–dc23 2013015800 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Gold mount resembling a stylized sea-creature, from the Staffordshire Hoard. Photo © Birmingham Museums Trust. Cover design by Nicki Averill Design. Set in 9/10.5pt Minion by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME> Comp. by: <USER> Date: 03 Sep 2013 Time: 09:25:21 AM Stage: <STAGE> Page Number: iv Contents List of Illustrations vi List of Contributors viii Preface to the Second Edition xi Preface to the First Edition xiii List of Abbreviations xv THE ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRIES 1 Appendix I: Rulers of the English, c.450–1066 521 Appendix II: Archbishops and Bishops, 597–1066 539 Note on Maps 9–12 567 Index of Contributors 573 Classified Index of Head-Words 579 Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME> Comp. by: <USER> Date: 03 Sep 2013 Time: 09:25:21 AM Stage: <STAGE> Page Number: v List of Illustrations Plates 1 Aerial photograph of crop marks 11 Earls Barton tower. Photograph by showing cemetery. Copyright reserved, Simon Keynes 159 Cambridge University Collection of 12 The Gosforth Cross. © Department Aerial Photography 13 of Archaeology, University of Durham 219 2 The Alfred Jewel. AN1836p.135.371, 13 A hogback at Ingleby Arncliffe (Yorks.). Ashmolean Museum, University © Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone of Oxford 31 Sculpture. Photograph by 3 The Coppergate Helmet, York. T. Middlemass 245 Photograph © York Castle Museum 48 14 King Cnut and Queen Ælfgifu from the 4 Bradford-on-Avon church. © Crown New Minster Liber vitae. British Library, Copyright. English Heritage 77 Stowe 944 fol. 6r. © The British 5 A carpet page from the Lindisfarne Library Board 297 Gospels, London, British Library, 15 The Repton crypt. Photograph by Cotton Nero D.IV, fol. 94v. Dr John Crook 403 © The British Library Board 88 16 The Ruthwell Cross. © Corpus 6 A charter of Æthelwulf, King of Wessex of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture; and Kent, 843. London, British Library, photograph by T. Middlemass 415 Stowe Charter 17. © The British 17 The seal of Godwine (matrix and Library Board 100 impression), walrus ivory, eleventh 7 A writ of Edward the Confessor for century. © The Trustees of the monastery of St Denis (1053 × 1057). the British Museum 427 Cartons des rois, AE III 60 (K 19, no. 6). 101 18 The Winchester purse reliquary. 8 Anglo-Saxon coins from the Fitzwilliam Winchester Museums Service 435 collection. © The Fitzwilliam Museum, 19 The Kirkdale sundial and inscription. Cambridge 117 © Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone 9 Images of kingship on Anglo-Saxon Sculpture. Photograph by coins from the Fitzwilliam collection. T. Middlemass 445 © The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 119 20 Aerial view of Sutton Hoo. Photograph 10 ‘An Anglo-Saxon king dispenses by Nigel MacBeth 448 justice’. London, British Library, 21 Wall painting in the church of Nether Cotton Claudius B.IV, fol. 59r. Wallop. © Crown Copyright. © The British Library Board 131 English Heritage 484 Chapter No.: 1 Title Name: <TITLENAME> Comp. by: <USER> Date: 03 Sep 2013 Time: 09:25:21 AM Stage: <STAGE> Page Number: vi List of Illustrations vii 22 Winchester School decoration: the 24 Hatfield Forest, wood-pasture, New Minster Charter. London, British showing pollard trees cut for the Library, Cotton Vespasian A.VIII, fol. 2v. first time. Photograph by © The British Library Board 503 Dr Oliver Rackham 508 23 The church at Wing. Photograph © P. S. Spokes; source: English Heritage 504 Maps 1 Anglo-Saxon mills 319 7 Sutton Hoo in its European context 450 2 Offa’s Dyke 349 8 The Tribal Hidage 474 3 The main Scandinavian settlement- 9 The ‘Heptarchy’ (c.700) 569 names in southern Britain 377 10 The Mercian Supremacy (c.800) 570 4 Princely burials 385 11 The Kingdom of the 5 Barrows and barrow cemeteries 386 Anglo-Saxons (c.900) 571 6 Anglo-Saxon high-status sites 411 12 The Kingdom of the English (c.1000) 572 Figures 1 Brixworth: Anglo-Saxon phase (broken 11 Monastic sites and enclosures 327 line) in relation to the present church.
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