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Influencia De La Comunidad Bacteriana En Los Ciclos Biogeoquímicos Del Carbono Y El Nitrógeno En El Ecosistema De Manglar

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Influencia De La Comunidad Bacteriana En Los Ciclos Biogeoquímicos Del Carbono Y El Nitrógeno En El Ecosistema De Manglar FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD BACTERIOLOGÍA Y LABORATORIO CLÍNICO BOGOTÁ D.C. 2020 Proyecto: INFLUENCIA DE LA COMUNIDAD BACTERIANA EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUÍMICOS DEL CARBONO Y EL NITRÓGENO EN EL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLAR Meritoria: _____Si______ Laureada: ___________ Aprobada: ___________ JURADOS _____________________ ________________ ____________________ _________________ _________________________________________________ ASESOR(es) _________ Martha Lucía Posada Buitrago___________________ _________________________________________ ÉTICA, SERVICIO Y SABER INFLUENCIA DE LA COMUNIDAD BACTERIANA EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUÍMICOS DEL CARBONO Y EL NITRÓGENO EN EL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLAR UNIVERSIDAD COLEGIO MAYOR DE CUNDINAMARCA FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD PROGRAMA BACTERIOLOGÍA Y LABORATORIO CLÍNICO PROYECTO DE GRADO BOGOTÁ D.C 2020 INFLUENCIA DE LA COMUNIDAD BACTERIANA EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUÍMICOS DEL CARBONO Y EL NITRÓGENO EN EL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLAR Danya Gabriela Ramírez Lozada Nicolás David Rojas Villamil Asesor interno PhD. Martha Lucía Posada Buitrago Monografía para optar al título de Bacteriólogo y Laboratorista Clínico UNIVERSIDAD COLEGIO MAYOR DE CUNDINAMARCA FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD PROGRAMA BACTERIOLOGÍA Y LABORATORIO CLÍNICO PROYECTO DE GRADO BOGOTÁ D.C 2020 INFLUENCIA DE LA COMUNIDAD BACTERIANA EN LOS CICLOS BIOGEOQUÍMICOS DEL CARBONO Y EL NITRÓGENO EN EL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLAR UNIVERSIDAD COLEGIO MAYOR DE CUNDINAMARCA FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD PROGRAMA BACTERIOLOGÍA Y LABORATORIO CLÍNICO PROYECTO DE GRADO BOGOTÁ D.C 2020 DEDICATORIA A todas las personas y docentes que hicieron parte de nuestro proceso de formación profesional, a nuestras familias y amigos, que nos brindaron su apoyo, tiempo, consejos y paciencia en este camino que no ha culminado y aún está lleno de sueños, esperanzas y metas por alcanzar. AGRADECIMIENTOS Principalmente a nuestras familias porque han sido la base de nuestra formación aportando grandes cosas en nuestras vidas, por confiar y creer en nuestras capacidades y destrezas a lo largo de esta carrera. A la Dra. Martha Lucía Posada por su confianza y asesoría que junto a los biólogos Giovanni Ulloa y Clara Sierra nos brindaron sus conocimientos. A la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca y a su planta docente que nos han formado como profesionales integrales para poder ejercer y contribuir con la sociedad. Tabla de contenidos RESUMEN .............................................................................................................. 9 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 10 1. Introducción .................................................................................................... 11 2. Objetivos ......................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Objetivo general .......................................................................................... 13 2.2. Objetivos específicos................................................................................... 13 3. Antecedentes (estado del arte) ....................................................................... 14 4. Marco teórico .................................................................................................. 24 4.1 Manglar ....................................................................................................... 24 4.2. Ventajas de la protección de los manglares ................................................ 25 4.3. Los manglares en Colombia y Córdoba ...................................................... 26 4.4. Microbiota de los manglares y su importancia ............................................. 28 4.5. Ciclo del carbono y su relación con el manglar ........................................... 31 4.6. Ciclo del nitrógeno y su relación con el manglar ......................................... 33 5. Diseño metodológico ...................................................................................... 35 5.1. Tipo de investigación ................................................................................... 35 5.2. Universo, población y muestra .................................................................... 35 5.2.1. Universo ................................................................................................... 35 5.2.2. Población ................................................................................................. 35 5.2.3. Muestra .................................................................................................... 36 6. Metodología .................................................................................................... 36 6.1. Revisión bibliográfica................................................................................... 36 6.2. Selección del material bibliográfico. ............................................................ 36 6.3. Elaboración de la estructura del documento. .............................................. 36 7. Resultados ...................................................................................................... 37 7.1. Revisión bibliográfica................................................................................... 37 7.2. Selección del material bibliográfico. ............................................................ 37 7.3. Elaboración de la estructura del documento. .............................................. 40 8. Discusión ........................................................................................................ 48 9. Conclusiones .................................................................................................. 58 10. Referencias ................................................................................................. 60 Anexos .................................................................................................................. 94 Lista de tablas Tabla 1. Artículos seleccionados que contienen los temas principales. ................ 40 Tabla 2. Microorganismos procariotas encontrados de sedimento y agua del ecosistema de manglar de la bahía de Cispatá relacionados con los ciclos biogeoquímicos del carbono y nitrógeno. .............................................................. 41 Lista de figuras Figura 1. Distribución de los manglares colombianos y su relación con las precipitaciones anuales y el clima. ........................................................................ 28 Figura 2. Temas principales que se abordan en este trabajo. Fuente: elaboración propia. ................................................................................................................... 38 Figura 3. Bases de datos y páginas web utilizadas para la consulta de información. Fuente: elaboración propia. .............................................................. 38 Figura 4. Clasificación de referencias bibliográficas. Fuente: elaboración propia. 39 Figura 6. Secuencias analizadas de un total de 3.215 OTU para el manglar de la bahía de Cispatá.. Fuente: elaboración propia. ..................................................... 42 Figura 7. Filos de los microorganismos procariotas involucrados en los ciclos biogeoquímicos del carbono y nitrógeno en el ecosistema de manglar de la bahía de Cispatá. Fuente: elaboración propia. ................................................................ 43 Figura 8. Microorganismos procariotas involucrados en los ciclos biogeoquímicos del carbono y nitrógeno en el ecosistema de manglar de la bahía de Cispatá. Fuente: elaboración propia. ................................................................................... 43 Figura 9. Hábitat donde se encontraron los microorganismos procariotas involucrados en los ciclos biogeoquímicos del carbono y nitrógeno en el ecosistema de manglar de la bahía de Cispatá. Fuente: elaboración propia. ....... 44 Figura 10. Microorganismos procariotas que desempeñan una función importante en los ciclos biogeoquímicos del carbono y nitrógeno en el ecosistema de manglar de la bahía de Cispatá. Fuente: elaboración propia. ............................................. 45 Figura 11. Esquema de las rutas metabólicas implicadas en el ciclo biogeoquímico del carbono. Fuente: elaboración propia. .............................................................. 47 Figura 12. Esquema de las rutas metabólicas implicadas en el ciclo biogeoquímico del nitrógeno. Fuente: elaboración propia. ............................................................ 47 RESUMEN Los ecosistemas de manglar son poco comunes en todo el mundo, tienen un valor tanto económico como ecológico alto, ofreciendo una amplia gama de servicios y bienes para la comunidad, además de ser el hábitat de diversas especies animales, vegetales y una gran comunidad microbiana que controla procesos fundamentales para su mantenimiento y supervivencia. En relación con lo anterior, conocer el microbioma de estos ecosistemas ayuda a caracterizarlos, determinar su funcionalidad e influencia en los ciclos biogeoquímicos que son importantes para el sostenimiento del mismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la influencia de la comunidad procariota en los ciclos biogeoquímicos del carbono y nitrógeno en el ecosistema de manglar, mediante una revisión documental, donde se incluyó literatura científica, bases de datos bibliográficas, libros, entre otras fuentes, con información obtenida de entidades nacionales e internacionales sobre el tema objeto de estudio.
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