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DARPA AEO Overview DARPA/AEO Overview Tom Masiello Director, Adaptive Execution Office (AEO) Briefing Prepared for 2017 NDIA Air Armament Symposium 1 November 2017 Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 1 DARPA’s Origin & Mission DARPA’s Mission: Prevent technology surprise from negatively affecting U.S. national security and create technology surprise for U.S. adversaries by maintaining the technological superiority of the U.S. military. Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 2 How DARPA Works Unique Structure to Pursue Capability • One office building in Arlington, VA with no laboratory infrastructure https://www.youtube.co • Only 201 government employees with contracted support personnel m/watch?v=Zg-FH1Gn2Ls • 98 Program Managers (PMs) on 4-year term appointments • ~250 active programs • 2000 contracts and other agreements • ~$3B annual budget https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=fIX3_QCmaU M https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=NHArWZ887ns Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 3 Timeline of Projects Phased Arrays: Electronically Steered Array Radar oN-Line System (NLS) & "The Mother of All Demos" (12/9/1968) Transit Satellite (precursor to Gallium Nitride IC GPS) research (WGBS) TIROS: World's First Weather Gallium Arsenide IC research (AOSP) Satellite Quantum Key Distribution Network Corona Reconnaissance Satellite High-Altitude LIDAR Operations Experiement (HALOE) Project AGILE & the M16 Rifle Tank Breaker / Javelin Anti-Tank Weapon System EXACTO Guided Bullet ARPANET (precursor to the Centaur Engine (for Saturn Internet) Head-Mounted Displays Robotics Challenge (DRC) V Moon rocket) HAVE BLUE and the Origin of Grand Challenge (Driverless Cyber Grand Challenge Computer Mouse Stealth Technology Amber UAV Vehicles) (DEFCON Capture the Flag) 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2017 Today Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 4 DARPA Technical Offices BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE SCIENCE INFORMATION MICROSYSTEMS STRATEGIC TACTICAL TECHNOLOGY OFFICE INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE • Restore and • Physical • Cyber • Electromagnetic • Battle • Ground, Maintain Sciences Spectrum Management, Maritime & Warfighter • Data Analytics Command and Undersea, Air, Abilities • Mathematics at Massive • Decentralization Control and Space Scale Systems • Harness • Transformative • Information • Comms and Biological Materials • ISR Microsystems Networks • Agile Systems Exploitation Development • Supervised • Globalization • ISR • Apply Autonomy • Cooperative Biological • Electronic Autonomy Complexity at •Novel Sensing Warfare Scale and Detecting • Unmanned • Positioning, Systems • Complexity Navigation and Timing • Power and Propulsion Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 5 Adaptive Execution Office (AEO) DIRO AEO Adaptive Execution Office Accelerating Game-Changing DARPA Technologies into DoD Capabilities Program Support Service Engagement COCOM Engagement Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 6 AEO Summary of Staff and Responsibilities Who we are: Small government staff of eight. Five retired senior military officers, one government civilian, two active duty, & SETAs (scientists, engineers, & former military from all service branches) AEO Support to the Technical Offices: . Provide operational expertise for DARPA . Liaison/matchmaker . Track and document transition activity . Sponsor for exercises, demonstrations, or extended field trials 1,000’ June 2015 Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 7 DARPA Thrust areas • Protect against weapons of mass terror • Air and maritime combat capabilities to deter or defeat a sophisticated enemy • Empower squads and small units to control contested territory • Robust, real-time operations in space • Position, navigation, and timing for military operations in the absence of GPS • Full dynamic control of the spectrum for comms, sensing, and electronic warfare • Leading-edge electronics with built-in trust • Win at cyber • Solve intractable problems by harnessing data • Accelerate synthetic biology and genetic engineering with safeguards • Understand and use complexity Combating diminishing returns for monolithic systems Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 8 Cyber Resiliency High Assurance Cyber Military Systems (HACMS) Hack-proofing military vehicles Adopt a clean-slate, formal methods-based approach to enable semi-automated code synthesis from executable, formal specifications creating high-assurance cyber-physical systems • Generate open-source, high-assurance, and operating system and control system components • Use these components to construct high-assurance military vehicles Cyber Fault-tolerant Attack Recovery (CFAR) Making legacy computer systems more secure through operation complexity • Fault-tolerant architectures run multiple subsystems in parallel and constantly cross-check results to rapidly detect, isolate and mitigate faults, which manifest as differences across the subsystems • Transforming software to create variants of binary executables Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 9 Cyber Resiliency Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC) Automated cyber defense tournament A competition to create automatic defensive systems capable of reasoning about flaws, formulating patches and deploying them on a network in real time • Expert-level software security analysis and remediation, at machine speeds on enterprise scales • Establishment of a lasting R&D community for automated cyber defense Supply-chain Hardware Integrity for Electronics Defense (SHIELD) Eliminate counterfeit integrated circuits • Combine NSA-level encryption, sensors, near-field power and communications into a microscopic-scale chip capable of being inserted into the packaging of an integrated circuit • The 100 micrometer x 100 micrometer "dielet" will act as a hardware root of trust, detecting any attempt to access or reverse engineer the dielet Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 10 Electronic Warfare Adaptive Radar Countermeasures (ARC) Automatically learn to counter new radar threats Enable U.S. airborne EW systems to automatically generate effective countermeasures against new, unknown and adaptive radars in real-time in the field • Isolate unknown radar signals in the presence of other hostile, friendly and neutral signals. • Deduce the threat posed by that radar. • Synthesize and transmit countermeasure signals to achieve a desired effect on the threat radar. • Assess the effectiveness of countermeasures based on over-the-air observable threat behaviors. Behavioral Learning for Adaptive Electronic Warfare (BLADE) Electronic attack system that learns to jam new communications threats in real-time • Adaptive, in-the-field systems approach • Novel-machine learning algorithms and techniques that can rapidly detect and characterize new radio threats • Dynamically synthesize new countermeasures • Provide accurate battle damage assessment based on over-the-air observable changes in the threat Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 11 Electronic Warfare Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) Low-cost reconfigurable phased-arrays Develop a digitally-interconnected building block from which larger systems can be formed • Shorten design cycles and in-field updates • A digitally-influenced common module comprising 80 to 90 percent of an array’s core functionality for insertion into a wide range of applications • Reconfigurable and tunable RF apertures for spanning S-band to X-band frequencies (and points between) for a wide variety of characteristics Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 12 Air Armaments Seeker Cost Transformation (SECTR) Low-cost precision guided weapon for GPS-denied environments Develop novel weapon terminal sensing and guidance technologies and systems for air-launched, air- delivered weapons • Enable weapons to acquire fixed and moving targets with only minimal external support • Achieve high navigation accuracy in a GPS-denied environment • Low size, weight, and cost Gremlins Air-launched, air-retrievable volley of UASs Launch groups of UASs from existing large aircraft such as bombers or transport aircraft—as well as from fighters and other small, fixed-wing platforms—while those planes are out of range of adversary defenses • Air-retrievable • Low cost, 20 uses • Modular payloads Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 13 Swarms OFFensive Swarm-Enabled Tactics (OFFSET) Swarm tactics for complex urban environments Envisions future small-unit infantry forces using small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) and/or small unmanned ground systems (UGSs) in swarms of 250 robots or more to accomplish diverse missions in complex urban environments • Swarm autonomy and human-swarm teaming • Open, extensible architecture for physical and virtual environments • Community interaction, immersive interfaces Aerial Dragnet City-scale swarm surveillance Provide persistent, wide-area surveillance of all UAS operating below 1,000 feet in a large city • Network of surveillance nodes, each providing coverage of a neighborhood-sized urban area • Maintain UAS tracks even when the craft disappear from sight around corners or behind objects Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 14 Autonomy Fast Lightweight Autonomy (FLA) High-speed autonomous navigation in cluttered environments • Fly at speeds up to 20 m/s with no communication to the operator and without GPS waypoints • Higher-clutter, fly-through missions • “autonomy”
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