DARPA/AEO Overview

Tom Masiello Director, Adaptive Execution Office (AEO)

Briefing Prepared for 2017 NDIA Air Armament Symposium

1 November 2017

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 1 DARPA’s Origin & Mission

DARPA’s Mission: Prevent technology surprise from negatively affecting U.S. national security and create technology surprise for U.S. adversaries by maintaining the technological superiority of the U.S. military.

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 2 How DARPA Works

Unique Structure to Pursue Capability • One office building in Arlington, VA with no laboratory infrastructure https://www.youtube.co • Only 201 government employees with contracted support personnel m/watch?v=Zg-FH1Gn2Ls • 98 Program Managers (PMs) on 4-year term appointments • ~250 active programs • 2000 contracts and other agreements • ~$3B annual budget

https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=fIX3_QCmaU M

https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=NHArWZ887ns

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 3 Timeline of Projects

Phased Arrays: Electronically Steered Array Radar oN-Line System (NLS) & "" (12/9/1968) Transit Satellite (precursor to Gallium Nitride IC GPS) research (WGBS) TIROS: World's First Weather Gallium Arsenide IC research (AOSP) Satellite Quantum Key Distribution Network

Corona Reconnaissance Satellite High-Altitude LIDAR Operations Experiement (HALOE) Project AGILE & the Tank Breaker / Javelin Anti-Tank Weapon System EXACTO Guided Bullet ARPANET (precursor to the Centaur Engine (for Saturn Internet) Head-Mounted Displays Robotics Challenge (DRC) V Moon rocket) HAVE BLUE and the Origin of Grand Challenge (Driverless Cyber Grand Challenge Stealth Technology Amber UAV Vehicles) (DEFCON Capture the Flag)

1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2017 Today Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 4 DARPA Technical Offices

BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE SCIENCE INFORMATION MICROSYSTEMS STRATEGIC TACTICAL TECHNOLOGY OFFICE INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE

• Restore and • Physical • Cyber • Electromagnetic • Battle • Ground, Maintain Sciences Spectrum Management, Maritime & Warfighter • Data Analytics Command and Undersea, Air, Abilities • Mathematics at Massive • Decentralization Control and Space Scale Systems • Harness • Transformative • Information • Comms and Biological Materials • ISR Microsystems Networks • Agile Systems Exploitation Development • Supervised • Globalization • ISR • Apply Autonomy • Cooperative Biological • Electronic Autonomy Complexity at •Novel Sensing Warfare Scale and Detecting • Unmanned • Positioning, Systems • Complexity Navigation and Timing • Power and Propulsion

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 5 Adaptive Execution Office (AEO)

DIRO

AEO Adaptive Execution Office Accelerating Game-Changing DARPA Technologies into DoD Capabilities

Program Support Service Engagement COCOM Engagement

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 6 AEO Summary of Staff and Responsibilities

Who we are: Small government staff of eight. Five retired senior military officers, one government civilian, two active duty, & SETAs (scientists, engineers, & former military from all service branches)

AEO Support to the Technical Offices: . Provide operational expertise for DARPA . Liaison/matchmaker . Track and document transition activity . Sponsor for exercises, demonstrations, or extended field trials

1,000’ June 2015

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 7 DARPA Thrust areas

• Protect against weapons of mass terror • Air and maritime combat capabilities to deter or defeat a sophisticated enemy • Empower squads and small units to control contested territory • Robust, real-time operations in space • Position, navigation, and timing for military operations in the absence of GPS • Full dynamic control of the spectrum for comms, sensing, and electronic warfare • Leading-edge electronics with built-in trust • Win at cyber • Solve intractable problems by harnessing data • Accelerate synthetic biology and genetic engineering with safeguards • Understand and use complexity

Combating diminishing returns for monolithic systems

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 8 Cyber Resiliency

High Assurance Cyber Military Systems (HACMS) Hack-proofing military vehicles Adopt a clean-slate, formal methods-based approach to enable semi-automated code synthesis from executable, formal specifications creating high-assurance cyber-physical systems • Generate open-source, high-assurance, and and control system components • Use these components to construct high-assurance military vehicles

Cyber Fault-tolerant Attack Recovery (CFAR) Making legacy computer systems more secure through operation complexity • Fault-tolerant architectures run multiple subsystems in parallel and constantly cross-check results to rapidly detect, isolate and mitigate faults, which manifest as differences across the subsystems • Transforming software to create variants of binary executables

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 9 Cyber Resiliency

Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC) Automated cyber defense tournament A competition to create automatic defensive systems capable of reasoning about flaws, formulating patches and deploying them on a network in real time • Expert-level software security analysis and remediation, at machine speeds on enterprise scales • Establishment of a lasting R&D community for automated cyber defense

Supply-chain Hardware Integrity for Electronics Defense (SHIELD) Eliminate counterfeit integrated circuits • Combine NSA-level encryption, sensors, near-field power and communications into a microscopic-scale chip capable of being inserted into the packaging of an integrated circuit • The 100 micrometer x 100 micrometer "dielet" will act as a hardware root of trust, detecting any attempt to access or reverse engineer the dielet

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 10 Electronic Warfare

Adaptive Radar Countermeasures (ARC) Automatically learn to counter new radar threats Enable U.S. airborne EW systems to automatically generate effective countermeasures against new, unknown and adaptive radars in real-time in the field • Isolate unknown radar signals in the presence of other hostile, friendly and neutral signals. • Deduce the threat posed by that radar. • Synthesize and transmit countermeasure signals to achieve a desired effect on the threat radar. • Assess the effectiveness of countermeasures based on over-the-air observable threat behaviors.

Behavioral Learning for Adaptive Electronic Warfare (BLADE) Electronic attack system that learns to jam new communications threats in real-time • Adaptive, in-the-field systems approach • Novel-machine learning algorithms and techniques that can rapidly detect and characterize new radio threats • Dynamically synthesize new countermeasures • Provide accurate battle damage assessment based on over-the-air observable changes in the threat

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 11 Electronic Warfare

Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) Low-cost reconfigurable phased-arrays Develop a digitally-interconnected building block from which larger systems can be formed • Shorten design cycles and in-field updates • A digitally-influenced common module comprising 80 to 90 percent of an array’s core functionality for insertion into a wide range of applications • Reconfigurable and tunable RF apertures for spanning S-band to X-band frequencies (and points between) for a wide variety of characteristics

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 12 Air Armaments

Seeker Cost Transformation (SECTR) Low-cost precision guided weapon for GPS-denied environments Develop novel weapon terminal sensing and guidance technologies and systems for air-launched, air- delivered weapons • Enable weapons to acquire fixed and moving targets with only minimal external support • Achieve high navigation accuracy in a GPS-denied environment • Low size, weight, and cost

Gremlins Air-launched, air-retrievable volley of UASs Launch groups of UASs from existing large aircraft such as bombers or transport aircraft—as well as from fighters and other small, fixed-wing platforms—while those planes are out of range of adversary defenses • Air-retrievable • Low cost, 20 uses • Modular payloads

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 13 Swarms

OFFensive Swarm-Enabled Tactics (OFFSET) Swarm tactics for complex urban environments Envisions future small-unit infantry forces using small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) and/or small unmanned ground systems (UGSs) in swarms of 250 robots or more to accomplish diverse missions in complex urban environments • Swarm autonomy and human-swarm teaming • Open, extensible architecture for physical and virtual environments • Community interaction, immersive interfaces

Aerial Dragnet City-scale swarm surveillance Provide persistent, wide-area surveillance of all UAS operating below 1,000 feet in a large city • Network of surveillance nodes, each providing coverage of a neighborhood-sized urban area • Maintain UAS tracks even when the craft disappear from sight around corners or behind objects Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 14 Autonomy

Fast Lightweight Autonomy (FLA) High-speed autonomous navigation in cluttered environments • Fly at speeds up to 20 m/s with no communication to the operator and without GPS waypoints • Higher-clutter, fly-through missions • “autonomy” includes sensing, perception, planning, and control

Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment (CODE) Cooperative autonomy algorithms • Navigate, find, track, ID, & engage targets under established rules of engagement • Recruit other CODE-equipped UASs from nearby friendly forces to augment their own capabilities • Adapt to dynamic situations such as attrition of friendly forces or the emergence of unanticipated threats

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 15 Autonomy

Aircrew Labor In-Cockpit Automation System (ALIAS) Drop-in system to automate aircraft operation Removable kit that would promote the addition of high levels of automation into existing aircraft, enabling operation with reduced onboard crew • Support execution of an entire mission from takeoff to landing even in the face of contingency events • A platform for integrating additional automation or autonomy capabilities

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 16 Hypersonics

Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept (HAWC) Effective and affordable hypersonic cruise missile • Advanced air vehicle configurations capable of efficient hypersonic flight • Hydrocarbon scramjet-powered propulsion to enable sustained hypersonic cruise • Approaches to managing the thermal stresses of high-temperature cruise • Affordable system designs and manufacturing approaches

Tactical Boost Glide (TBG) Air-launched, tactical-range hypersonic boost glide systems • Vehicle Feasibility—Vehicle concepts possessing the required aerodynamic and aerothermal performance, controllability and robustness for a wide operational envelope • Effectiveness—System attributes & subsystems required to be effective in relevant operational environments • Affordability—Approaches to reducing cost and increasing value for both the demonstration system and future operational systems

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 17 Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment (CODE) Phase 2 Concept Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cWa7hCAwkk

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 18 AEO Contacts

Thomas Masiello Scott Reed David Busigo Maj. Gen. USAF Ret. Col. USAF Ret. Director Office Director Deputy Office Director Business & Finance thomas.masiello.@.mil EUCOM/AFRICOM [email protected] [email protected] 571-218-4582 703-696-2219 703-526-2778

John Murphy Lee Rudacille Tom Browning CDR James Reeve CWO4 Neil Hermansen CAPT USN Ret. COL USA Ret. Col. USAF Ret. Naval Flight Officer Navy SEAL Navy Army Air Force SCFP/TDWG Navy SOF PACOM, SOUTHCOM CENTCOM, SOCOM NORTHCOM STRATCOM SOCOM, CENTCOM [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 571-218-4465 571-218-4899 703-526-2241 571-218-4448 703-526-2002

Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 19