Meeting Mr. Churchill Help You ﬁ Nd Some of the Crossword Answers and Get Ready for This Week’S Test

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Week 13 of 32 • Page 4 WEEK 13 A Troubled ACROSS Name ______2. Before WWII, Japan had been at war Vol. 1 Issue 2 World and Its with ______. 7. Leader of Italy Leaders 8. Charles De Gaulle formed the French ______. 10. Prime Minister Winston ______

DOWN 1. Hitler was the leader of the ______. 3. Leader of Nazi Germany 4. President of United States at the beginning of WWII. 5. Leader of Japan: Emperor ______6. British soldiers here were rescued by civilian boats. 9. Leader of Soviet Union s-w.co/TN5-13

As you read this week’s lesson, circle or highlight all proper nouns with any color pen or highlighter. This will Meeting Mr. Churchill help you fi nd some of the crossword answers and get ready for this week’s test. “WWII was a war that shook the world,” says Ms. Johnson. “There were key is not going to be easy to win, and the people need encouragement,” said Mr. players on both sides. One was known as the Allied Powers and the other, the Churchill. “I truly believe we shall fi ght in the fi elds and in the streets, we shall Axis Powers. Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the United States made up the fi ght in the hills; we shall never surrender as I told the people in a speech.” Allied Powers. The Axis Powers consisted of Germany, Italy and Japan.” “One of the main strategies I am planning on using is aerial bombing. I think “The Axis nations had to be defeated. There were evil things taking place, it will take several years of that in order to invade Germany,” he told Alana and Alliances: and Hitler was planning to take over as many countries as he could. Much of the Jackson. “The invasion of Germany is the goal for the protection of England. It planning for the defeat of Hitler fell upon this man,” said Ms. Johnson as she held will be a long, hard road but we will persevere, especially now that the United Where Do They Belong? up a picture of Winston Churchill. States has agreed to help.” Jackson and Alana looked at each other and smiled. Later, they touched the “Thank you for talking with us, Sir,” said the children. As soon as they This list includes the names of countries picture and were whisked away to fi nd themselves standing in the offi ce of Mr. shook his hand, they were and individuals that associated with World Allied Powers Axis Powers Churchill. It’s 1941 and England is desperately planning to defeat Germany and immediately back in the War II. Each one of these countries or the Nazis. classroom. Their friends “Mr. Churchill, do you have a plan for going up against the Axis Powers?” couldn’t wait to hear more individuals was part of the Axis Powers or asked Jackson. “It seems like an about Prime Minister part of the Allied Powers. Place the country overwhelming job.” Churchill and how America or individual in the correct box. “One of the main things helped win the war. I have done is to help Britain to pull together the Allied Powers. We Charles de Gaulle need a strong front to combat the evil Germany Hitler is spreading. Franklin D. Roosevelt This war

United States

Emperor Hirohito

Japan

Adolf Hitler

Italy

Winston Churchill

Soviet Union

Benito Mussolini

France

Joseph Stalin The Allies and the Axis Across the Globe Soviet Union: Axis Power allied with Germany at the start of the war. Germany betrayed the Soviet Union by invading in 1941. 1. What type of government Write a radio broadcast The Soviet Union became an Allied Power. Leader: Joseph Stalin leaders took control of as Charles de Gaulle. Your Great Britain: Allied Power, one of the last countries to hold out the European and Asian goal is to get people to join against Hitler. Leader: Winston Churchill nations during the Great Free France and the French United States: Allied Power, last to join. Leader: Franklin D. Depression? Analyze and explain why you think these Resistance. Roosevelt leaders were able to come into power. France: Allied Power, but overtaken by Hitler in 1940. The French 2. Compare and contrast Italian fascism with German Nazism. Resistance keeps fi ghting. Leader: Charles De Gaulle How were they alike? How were they different? Germany: Axis Power, goal was to take over all of Europe. Leader: If you’d like to make any editorial comments Adolf Hitler 3. How did Stalin help the Soviet Union recover from the Italy: Axis Power, fascist country. Hitler was inspired by the Depression? about our paper, please write to us at feedback@ leadership here. Leader: Benito Mussolini 4. Describe the actions that Japan took during the 1930s. studiesweekly.com. Japan: Axis Power, bombed Pearl Harbor. Leader: Emperor Hirohito the value of their own goods. The Japanese economy was Countries in Week 13 of 32 • Page 3 see nnes hurt by this. Japan had to do something to stay wealthy. So, Te Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931. Manchuria is a region in Confl ict Before Trouble in northern China that is rich in resources. WWII War broke out between China and Japan in 1937. In December of that year, Japan invaded the city of Nanking the World and murdered thousands of people. Brutal crimes were committed against survivors. Historians do not know the exact number of people killed. Most think it is between “Jackson, it was really cool to meet Winston Austria and no one fought back. Many Austrians felt nations would never attack each other. Just two years 200,000 and 300,000. The war between China and Japan Churchill and learn about how Britain was fi ghting that all German-speaking people should belong to a later, Hitler broke the agreement. Stalin joined the continued until 1945. When the U.S. declared war on Japan World War II. But how did the war begin?” united country. Some celebrated the arrival of Nazi Allies in the fi ght against Germany during World in 1941, China joined the U.S. and its allies in the fi ght “Good question, Alana. We know that there was rule. Some who were against it were put in prison. War II. against Japan. a lot of political trouble in the countries that were Austrian Jews were immediately stripped of their Military leader Hideki Tojo wanted Japan to join involved in World War II.” rights and faced persecution, or ill treatment. Japan with Germany and Italy in the Axis Powers. Historians “Let’s take a look at some of the Axis countries to Soon after, Hitler moved to take control of In the late 1860s, Japan began a period of do not agree about who really controlled Japan; the see what happened!” German-speaking areas in Czechoslovakia. imperialism, slowly expanding control in Asia. military or Emperor Hirohito. Some say Hirohito Note: Use the map to locate the following Hitler claimed ethnic Germans in the area were Other nations came to think of Japan as the leader of is responsible for Japanese crimes in Asia and for countries. Keep track of those doing the invading mistreated. The Nazis came in ready to invade. the region. Japan’s role in the war. Others say that he was only and those being invaded! Czechoslovakia’s allies would have also gone to war During the Great Depression, a fi gurehead, or symbol, used by the military. Why against Germany if this happened, starting another many countries blocked Japan’s did the military use him for a symbol? Because the Italy war like World War I. exports. They did that to preserve people were loyal to the emperor. Historians do After World War I, Italian leaders had to deal In October 1938, Hitler, Mussolini, agree that the emperor was adored by his subjects, with unhappy citizens. Benito Mussolini stepped in. the prime minister of France and British almost like a god. He created many programs to help the people. But Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met 2 As you can see, trouble was brewing all over he also set himself up as dictator, or a government in Munich. They talked about Hitler’s the world. leader with absolute power. He called himself “Il demands to take control of the area. They Duce,” or “The Leader.” In 1935, Mussolini sent agreed that the Sudetenland would come the Italian military to Africa. He invaded Ethiopia, under German control. Neville Chamberlain then known as Abyssinia, and added this country to hoped to make Hitler happy. He thought his empire. Mussolini later sent help to fascists in that would prevent another war. After that, Spain during the Spanish Civil War, hoping to show Chamberlain said, “I believe it is peace for our his power. Fascists are people who believe a nation time.” At the time, it sounded hopeful. But, those or race is more important than an individual. In words have become famous for how wrong they 1939, Mussolini offi cially joined with Adolf Hitler, were. A year later, Germany invaded Poland to start creating the “Pact of Steel.” This alliance joined the World War II. two countries together throughout World War II. Soviet Union Germany Like Germany, a dictator led the Union of Soviet Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany Socialist Republics (USSR) during this period. in 1933. He led Germany’s Nazi Party. In 1934, Joseph Stalin was the Communist leader of the Hitler stepped in as dictator and took control of the USSR, or Soviet Union, from the mid-1920s until government. It was a time of economic struggle. his death in 1953. In a communist government, Hitler promised the millions of poor and unemployed there is no private property. Stalin wanted the Soviet that with his help, Germany would rise again. Union to rise from its problems and become a world Hitler believed that people of what he called an power. He took farmland from the poor and put it 4 “Aryan” or Germanic race, or those from certain under government control. He also set and reached European backgrounds, were racially superior to many goals for mining and manufacturing. These 1. Benito Mussolini others. Superior means better than. He said that goals were part of his “Five Year Plans.” The Plans 2. Adolf Hitler those who were inferior, specifi cally Jews, must made the Soviet Union an impressive industrial 1 3. Joseph Stalin 3 be eliminated. Ultimately, the Nazis decided that nation. Still, millions of Soviets and people from 4. Hideki Tojo the best way to do this was to murder all Jews. In other countries died under Stalin’s command. March 1938, Hitler took control of the country of Stalin and Hitler disagreed on most matters, but Austria, his birthplace. Nazi troops marched into they signed an agreement in 1939. It said that their

World War II Begins De Gaulle and the In the years leading up to World War II, Germany Hitler’s plan was to conquer and control all French Resistance Charles De Gaulle as under the Nazi party took control of several of Europe. After Hitler and the Soviet Union President of France territories without combat. Neville Chamberlain’s split up Poland, Hitler swept into Norway and At the beginning of the war, France was an Allied nation that policy of appeasement, or giving in to demands, did Denmark. Some Norwegians tried to fi ght back fought alongside Great Britain against Germany. However, France’s not secure peace. Hitler was building an army and he with British help, but they failed. military power was short-lived. Tensions between Germany and intended to use it. The Nazi party believed that the On May 10, 1940, Hitler’s troops invaded France were high after World War I, since France blamed Germany best way to live was agrarian: in rural communities the lowlands. In just a few days, the Germans for the Great War and forced the Germans to pay France back for and on farms. To make that happen, the Nazis wanted marched over the Netherlands, Belgium and damages. more Lebensraum (German for “living space”). The Luxemburg and then pushed into northern Charles De Gaulle was a great soldier who loved France. He fought desire to capture more Lebensraum was a major France. By this time, Allied troops were trying to in WWI where he was wounded three times. His experience made him reason for going to war. The land in eastern Europe strengthen the battle lines with other European think about how France was fi ghting battles. He thought they could do was thought to be wasted on “inferior” races like nations. One such effort was broken in two by the better and began to write books on the subject. When WWII came Slavs and Jews. German troops. Some 300,000 British and Allied along and the French began to give into the Germans, De Gaulle did Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Russia and troops were left stranded on the northern coast of not agree with the French government at all. then stormed Poland on Sept. 1, 1939. Immediately, France at Dunkirk. Horrifi c artillery bombardment When France began to surrender, De Gaulle decided he would do Great Britain, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand pushed the 300,000 into the sea, where British what he could to fi ght the Nazis. He fl ed to Great Britain and from and South Africa declared war rescue-vessels and hundreds of civilian boats picked there he began to establish his own government: Free France. The on Germany. World War II was them up and sailed them to safety. Six weeks later, French leaders who had surrendered called him a traitor. He made offi cially started. France fell to the German invasion. pleas to the French people to fi ght! To resist! © Tennessee Studies Weekly–Industrialization to the Civil Rights Movement • Toll free phone (866) 311-8734 • Fax (866) 531-5589 • To view De Gaulle created the French Resistance. Many of these were pricing and publications go to www.studiesweekly.com • For customer support, content or general feedback e-mail [email protected] • Material in this publication may not be reproduced for sale in print or electronic format. © 2018 Studies Weekly, Inc. soldiers who had fl ed when France surrendered but a lot of them were ordinary people. The Resistance did much to help the Allied Powers during the war. When it came close to victory, and the Allied Forces invaded France, the French Resistance was a key factor in its liberation. De Gaulle worked closely with General Eisenhower to assure a victory on D-Day. De Gaulle went on to become President of France. He worked with the people through the rest of the war and helped with the recovery Charles De Gaulle of France when the war was over. He helped France create a new and during WWII stronger government. Week 13 of 32 • Page 4 WEEK 13 A Troubled ACROSS Name ______2. Before WWII, Japan had been at war Vol. 1 Issue 2 World and Its with ______. 7. Leader of Italy Leaders 8. Charles De Gaulle formed the French ______. 10. Prime Minister Winston ______