AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808
“Studies on Some Desmids of Toranmal Reserve Forest of Satpura Ranges, Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India”
Ashish B. Valvi*1 & Prem Kumar Gautam2
Department of Botany, G. T. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nandurbar.
Abstract
The present study has been carried out from the Dhadgaon Forest of Satpura ranges of Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India. Desmids are beautiful unicellular green algal phytoplankton. During the study total 18 species belonging to 5 genera of desmids are recorded. The Five genera are namely Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs, Closterium Nitzsch, Euastrum Ehr., Desmidium C. Agardh, Plurotaenium Nageli etc.
Key words: Desmids, Satpura Ranges, Green Algae, Chlorophyceae.
Introduction
Desmids are unicellular organism belonging to the class Chlorophyceae, few of them forming loosely filamentous or branched colonies. The cell of desmids is divided into two symmetrical halves called semi-cell connected with the help of isthmus enclosed by the cell wall (Frans A.C. Kouwets 2008). At the maturity, they having a definite shape and shows beautiful complex cell structure hence they attracted the attention of researchers (Neustupa, J., Černá, K. & Št’astný, J., 2009). They are typical organism in the community of phytoplankton of tropical lakes occur globally and set down for different environmental situation (Vıctor Martınez-Almeida, Rosaluz Tavera 2005), (Kiran P. Patil (Behere) and Leela T. Deore 2017). They show the variety of habitat, the occurrence of desmids even in low quantity is the good sign of low nutrient conditions in water and softly acidic water; they are more abundant and diverse in which occurrence of low availability of nutrients (F. Yasmin, B.B. Buragohain and K.K. Medhi, 2011). Desmids are
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primary producers of the aquatic ecosystem and they are consumed by the aquatic organisms and also represent bio-indicators of water reservoir (Sangita Phukan and Sailendra Prasad Bora 2012).
Study Area
The study has been carried out at the Toranmal reserve forest of Satpuda ranges. This forest is located on the plateau of Deccan of Central India, situated at coordinates 21o 45' 0" N (21.75o) 74o 30' 0" E (74.50o) of Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India. (Birdlife International 2020).
Materials and Method
The algal material was randomly collected from the study site in a separate 50 ml bottle and preserved in 4% formalin with the addition of the small amount of glycerin for the moisturizing of algal material ( Kiran P. Patil (Behere) and (Leela T. Deore 2017) And kept for the further laboratory work. Microphotography has been done with the help of microscope mount camera Amscope MU1000 series. Identification of desmids has been done with the help of standard monograph, recent research papers, and books etc.
Result
1) Cosmarium clepsydra Nordstedt
Length- 18 µ width- 18 µ Isthmus-6.5 µ
2) Cosmarium laeve Rabenhorst
Length- 15.40 µ width- 13.30 µ Isthmus-2.80 µ
3) Cosmarium furcatospermum West and G.S. West
Length- 20.80 µ width- 16.90 µ Isthmus-7.0 µ
4) Cosmarium subspeciosum Nordstedt var. subspeciosum
Length- 68 µ width- 50 µ Isthmus-17.50 µ
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5) Cosmarium ocellatum Eichler & Gutwinski
Length- 20 µ width- 15 µ Isthmus-5 µ
6) Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs) W.Archer
Length- 57 µ width- 49.5 µ Isthmus-14.5 µ
7) Cosmarium pseudobroomei var. convexum West & G.S.West
Length- 46 µ width- 38 µ Isthmus-12.5 µ
8) Cosmarium awadhense Prasad et Mehrotra
Length- 16.50 µ width- 15 µ Isthmus-4 µ
9) Cosmarium margaritatum (P.Lundell) J.Roy & Bisset
Length- 62 µ width- 53 µ Isthmus-21 µ
10) Cosmarium candianum Delponte var. candianum f. candianum
Length- 46 µ width- 55 µ Isthmus-15.50 µ
11) Closterium moniliferum (Bory) Ehrenberg var. moniliferum
Length- 49.5 µ width- 165 µ
12) Closterium parvulum Nageli
Length- 106 µ width- 10 µ
13) Closterium venus var. incurvum (Brebisson)
Length- 48.10 µ width- 6.0 µ
14) Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs
Length- 231 µ width- 44 µ
15) Closterium acerosum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs
Length- 362 µ width- 27.60 µ Pyrenoids-7-15
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16) Euastrum spinulosum Delponte var. spinulosum
Length- 59 µ width- 35 µ Isthmus-1 µ
17) Desmidium baileyi (Ralfs) Nordstedt
Length- 20 µ width- 45.50 µ
18) Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii (Brebisson) de Bary var. ehrenbergii
Length- 317 µ width- 19 µ
Plate I
1)Cosmarium clepsydra Nordstedt 2) Cosmarium laeve Rabenhorst 3) Cosmarium furcatospermum West and G.S. West 4) Cosmarium subspeciosum Nordstedt var. subspeciosum 5) Cosmarium ocellatum Eichler & Gutwinski 6) Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs) W.Archer 7) Cosmarium pseudobroomei var. convexum West & G.S.West 8) Cosmarium awadhense Prasad et Mehrotra 9) Cosmarium margaritatum (P.Lundell) J.Roy & Bisset
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Plate II
1)Cosmarium candianum Delponte var. candianum f. candianum 2) Closterium moniliferum (Bory) From Ehrenberg the present var. moniliferum study we concluded3) Closterium that the parvulum reserve Nageli forest of4) Closterium venus var. incurvum (Brebisson) 5) Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs 6) Closterium acerosum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs 7)Euastrum spinulosum Delponte var. spinulosum 8)Desmidium baileyi (Ralfs) Nordstedt 9) Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii (Brebisson) de Bary var.
ehrenbergii
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Conclusion
Toranmal, Satpura ranges of Nandurbar district is well diversified by desmid algal flora in which genera of Cosmarium is dominant with 10 species, genera of Closterium 5 species, genera of Euastrum 1 species, genera of Desmidium 1 species and genera of Pleurotaenium 1 species have been reported.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the Principal Prof. Dr. V.S. Shrivastava and HOD, Department of Botany Dr. B.B. Mangle, G.T.P. College Nandurbar, for providing all the research facilities. We are also thankful to Dr. S.A. Ahmad for her Critical Suggestions in improving the research work studied.
References
[1] Birdlife International Important Bird Areas factsheet: Toranmal Reserve Forest (2020). [2] Frans A.C. Kouwets, “The species concept in desmids: the problem of variability” infraspecific taxa and the monothetic species Biologia, 2008, 63/6: 881—887, Section Botany. [3] F. Yasmin, B.B. Buragohain and K.K. Medhi, “Planktonic Desmid Flora of South of the Eastern Himalayas: A Systematic Approach on Algae-I “International Journal of Botany, 2011, 7 (2): 154-161. [4] Hirose, H. K., Akiyama, K., Ioriya, H., Imahori, S., Kasaki, H., Kumano, Kobayashi, E., Takashi, K., Tsumura, M., Hirano & Yamagishi, T., Illustrations of the Japanese Freshwater Algae. Uohida Rokakauho, Tokyo, Japan, (1977). [5] (Neustupa, J., Černá, K. & Št’astný, J., “Diversity and morphological disparity of desmid assemblages in Central European peatlands” Hydrobiologia, (2009), 630:243–256. [6] Kiran P. Patil (Behere) Leela T. Deore, “Biodiversity of genus Cosmarium from district Nashik (MS) India” Phycological Society, India Phykos, (2017), 47 (1): 133-152. [7] Osorio, N.C. et al, “Periphytic Cosmarium (Zygnemetophyceae Desmidiaceae) in lentic environment of the upper Parana River floodplain
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Taxonomy and ecological aspects” Acta Limnologia Brasiliensia (2017), vol. 30 e203. [8] Peter FM Coesel, Koos J Meesters, “Desmids of lowlands mesotaeniaceae and Desmidiaceae of European Lowlands” (2007) Vol. I, KNNV Uitgeverij. [9] Sangita Phukan and Sailendra Prasad Bora, “Preliminary report of Desmids (Algae Chlorophyceae) from Shivasagar District Assam”. Indian Journal of frontline Research in Arts and Science, (2012), Vol. 2 pp. 134 – 141. [10] Vıctor Martınez-Almeida, Rosaluz Tavera, “A hydrobiological study to interpret the presence of desmids in Lake Zirahuen, Mexico” Limnologica, 35, (2005), 61–69. [11] West W & West GS, “A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. Vol. II. Ray Society, London (1905). [12] West W & West GS, “A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. Vol. III” Ray Society, London, (1908). [13] West W & West GS, “A monograph of the British Desmidiaceae. Vol. IV” Ray Society, London, (1912).
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