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The Emergence of Shiism and Its Influence in Malacca: an Analytical Study

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The Emergence of Shiism and Its Influence in Malacca: an Analytical Study THE EMERGENCE OF SHIISM AND ITS INFLUENCE IN MALACCA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY BY HAMZAH BIN JANTAN A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion) Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia AUGUST 2017 ABSTRACT The movement of Shiism can be traced despite being illegal through a fatwa endorsed by Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM). In Malacca, its presence is detected since it draws the attention of the local Malays. This study analyses the emergence of Shiism and its influence on the Malay community in Malacca. This study utilises in- depth interviews involving several local ShῑÑah, officers from religious institutions and the local Malay community. It also uses textual analysis methods. This research specifically examines the historical background of the ShῑÑah group in Malacca and its development. This study also explicates the doctrines of Shiism which are used by the local Malay ShῑÑah which reflect the understanding of the local Malay ShῑÑah and their reason for existing. This study explores the impacts of the ShῑÑah group on the Malay Muslim community in Malacca and discovers their reaction of the threat of Shiism, the unity of the ummah, and peaceful life. The study finds that the ShῑÑah existence in Malacca has been much inspired with the Iranian Revolution led by the supreme spiritual leader Khomeini. They lack knowledge and give incorrect explanations on ShῑÑah practices. The local Malay ShῑÑah are more focused on the imÉmah rather than ÑaqÊdah which shows that they are more concerned with the branch issue over the main issue. It makes them more fanatical and extreme. It also finds that the beliefs and practices of the local Malay ShῑÑah create confusion and an uncomfortable situation within the local Muslim community. The tense atmosphere exists in Felda Kemendor, Jasin. It was sparked by the issue of building a tomb in a graveyard. This study concludes with the need for the Muslim community in Malacca to be exposed to knowledge and information about Shiism so that they can avoid from been tricked and manipulated by the ShῑÑah arguments. Proper knowledge and comprehensive views of Islamic teaching are needed so they can guide the local Malay ShῑÑah and the local Malay community to the real truth which is the teaching of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al- JamÉÑah. ii ملخص البحث ABSTRACT IN ARABIC ميكن تتبع مسار احلركة الشيعة من خﻻل الفتوى اليت أقرهتا منظمة التطوير اﻹسﻻمي يف ماليزاي، واليت متّ الكشف عن وجودها منذ أن جذبت انتباه املﻻي ويني احمللّيني. تسعى هذه الدراسة إىل حتليل نشأة املذهب الشيعي ومدى أتثريه على اجملتمع املﻻيوي يف مﻻكا. تستخدم هذه الدراسة أسلوب املقابﻻت الضافية اليت تسعى لﻹحاطة أبدق التفاصيل، واليت أجراها الباحث مع العديد من املواطنني الشيعيني، وموظفي املعاهد الدينية، واجملتمع املﻻيوي احمللّي. كما تعتمد هذه الدراسة على التحليل الن ّصي. تقوم هذه الدراسة على وجه التحديد بدراسة اخللفية التارخيية للشيعة يف مﻻكا وتطورها عرب احلقب. كما توضح عن معرفة املذهب الذي تبنّته شيعة املﻻيوي اﻷمر الذي ينعكس لفهم هذه الطائفة ومعرفة اﻷسباب اليت أّدت إىل تواجدهم. استقصت هذه الدراسة أتثري طائفة الشيعة على اجملتمع املﻻيوي املسلم يف مﻻكا. وأحاطت بردة فعلهم جتاه هتديد الشيعة ومدى خطورهتم على وحدة اﻷمة واحلياة اﻵمنة. وجدت الدراسة أن الوجود الشيعي يف وﻻية مﻻكا قد تنامي مع حدوث الثورة اﻹيرانية بقيادة اﻹمام اخلميين. قادت ضآلة معرفة املﻻيوي الشيعة وأتويﻻهتم اخلاطئة مبمارسة املذهب الشيعي أن يصب شيعة املﻻيوي ُج ّل تركيزهم على اﻹمامة ويتخاضوا عن العقيدة. ولعل هذا يظهر لنا جبﻻء أن شيعة املﻻيوي يتهافتون وراء القضااي الفرعية، اﻷمر الذي أدى هبم إىل أن يكونوا أكثر تعصبا وحّدة. خلصت الدراسة أيضا إىل أن اعتقاد الشيعيني احمللّيني وممارستهم خلقت حالة البلبلة والتذمر وسط اجملتمع احمللّي املسلم. ولعل من أبرز دالشواه اليت تؤكد هذا الزعم حالة التوتّر اليت سادت يف فيلدا كمندور يف بلدة جاسني. فقد استفحل اخلﻻف بني الفئة املتشاكسة بسبب بناء اﻷضرحة على القبور. وخلصت هذه الدراسة أن اجملتمع املسلم يف مﻻكا يف حاجة ماسة إىل معرفة صحيحة ومعلومات زائدة عن مذهب الشيعة حّّت أيمن ابئغتهم ويتفادى أابطيلهم وخﻻفاهتم. إن املعرفة السليمة والرؤية الشاملة مطلوبة للتعليم اﻻسﻻمي حّّت يتمكنوا من توجيه الشيعي املﻻيوي احمللّي واجملتمع املاليزي احمللّي إىل التعليم احلقيقي وهو تعليم أهل السنة واجلماعة. iii APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion; it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion). …………………………………….. Amilah Awang Abd Rahman @ Jusoh Supervisor I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion). …………………………………….. Wan Mohd Azam Mohd Amin Examiner This dissertation was submitted to the Department of UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion). …………………………………….. Fatmir Shehu Head, Department of UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion This dissertation was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (UÎËl al-DÊn and Comparative Religion). …………………………………….. Mohammad Abdul Quayum Dean, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences iv DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions. Hamzah Bin Jantan Signature…………………....………. Date …….………………. v COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH THE EMERGENCE OF SHIISM AND ITS INFLUENCE IN MALACCA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY I declare that the copyright holder of this dissertation are jointly owned by the student and IIUM. Copyright © 2017 Hamzah Bin Jantan and International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder except as provided below 1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgement. 2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes. 3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieved system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other universities and research libraries. By signing this form, I acknowledged that I have read and understand the IIUM Intellectual Property Right and Commercialization policy. Affirmed by Hamzah Bin Jantan ……..…………………….. ……………………….. Signature Date vi DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my beloved parents vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Firstly, it is my utmost pleasure to dedicate this work to my dear parents and my family, who granted me the gift of their unwavering belief in my ability to accomplish this goal: thank you for your support and patience. I wish to express my appreciation and thanks to those who provided their time, effort and support for this project. To the members of my dissertation committee, thank you for sticking with me. Finally, a special thanks to my supervisors Dr. Amilah Awang Abd Rahman@Jusoh and Assoc.Prof. Dr. Wan Mohd.Azam Mohd.Amin for their continuous support, encouragement and leadership, and for that, I will be forever grateful. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................................................................................ii Abstract in Arabic .....................................................................................................iii Approval Page ..........................................................................................................iv Declaration ...............................................................................................................v Copyright .................................................................................................................vi Dedication ................................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................viii Table of contents ......................................................................................................ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .........................................................................3 1.3 Research Questions ..................................................................................3
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