June 27, 1989 Vol. XLJ No. l U,S. Oepanmem of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health Recori Hallett KO's Kassirer in 3rd R ound Grand Rounds 'Bout' Pits Professor and Physician

Before a sranding room only audience in Lipsett Amphitheater, Clim(.tl Center Grand Rounds was transformed into a sort of ped­ .1gogic boxing macch recenrly as two physicians squared off for a comest dubbed "The Professor in Action." In one corner stood Dr. J erome Kassirer of Tufrs Medical School, armed only with a sec of slides and a rather smug silence. Opposite him stood Dr. .Mark Hallecr, clinical direcror of N INOS, whose weapons were a microphone and his many ytars of expertise in neurology. Kassirer, appearing in his second "bout" here during CC G rand Rounds, presented his opponent wich faces about rhree differenr pacienrs he has seen during hi~ career. Hal­ lctt's challenge was co reach a d iagnosis once acqua1nred wirh the faces in each case. " These aren't oddball cases, bur they illus­ crate things I have learned," said Kassirer Bldx. 37. 011 S~mh Dr. 11wr Old Georgetown Rd. . u·aJ 011t of the are,,s hardeJt hit 011 campus by thtjune 14 1hmulersron11 th,11 ruged thro11gh Lowe,· Mo11tgo111ery C,111111; a11d 11orthu,es1 Wa.shi11g1011, D.C. S1ro11g before ,ncroducing his first case. "Each one ll'i11ds a11d hea1-; ra1111 form/ the top of this u•h,te oak tr« 11110 a u·i11drn11 011 the building's fifth //()Or cor­ (See ROUNDS, Page 2 ) ridor. See stol) 011 page 2. Kudos Pour In Rasband Gives NIH Patent Policy Defines NIH-Industry Research Ties Good 'Image, 8 )' Leslie fink Uy Carla Garnen The Nil I Patcnr Policy Board has released developmenr, according co accorney Reid Accolades, written in letrers and v,trious the new group's first formal poliq scatcmcnc, Adler, direccor of the NlH's Office of Inven­ newspaper clippings packed in bulging file­ proviJing a framework for expanding efforrs co tion Development. " And whar did gee folders, hail daily from as close by as next move the fruirs of NIH research our of campus licensed," he says, "could likely have been door and as far away as Japan and Australia. laboratories and inro the hands of the con­ developed joincl)' with a company and com­ Some, writren in few words, simply ask for sumer. The document safeguards rhe NIH mercialized at an earlier stage." The FITA, Image, while ochers, more intrigued, wane research mission while recognizing char rech­ according co Adler, is a move by government Image cxplarned co chem. What is Image! nology transfer is "a responsibiliry of each to "shifr results from this very wonderful and Image is a Macintosh II computer graphics laboratory science and engineering expensive research inscicurion more quickly program developed by N IMH computer sys­ professional. " into the markerplace where people can have tems analyst Wayne Rasband. In the year or The srnrcmenc •'sets the stage" for research access co them.•· so since its Concepcion, rhc program has gen­ alliances between JH and industry scientisrs, A key aspect of the ITTA encourages fc.d­ cr.ited interest from every corner of che according co Dr. Philip Chen, NIH assoc,acc eral scienciscs co apply for patencs on new and computer indusrry users, rcraalers as well as director for inrramural affairs and chairman of useful technologies or " inventions" they manufacturers. che Pacenr Policy Board. Earl ier prororype develop in their laboratories. Lawyers call pac­ In a memo ro anorhec sraff member, an sraremenrs ourlining joint agreemenrs wcrtn't enrs "intellecrual property," which lays legal Image user at the University of California's suircd ro the NIH research environment, Chen claim ro original thought processes char result Lawrence Livermore acional Laboracory says. "Now we have developed our own phi­ in a useful invention. According co the new exph1ins che program: losophy of who we arc as an agency and, based pol icy statemenc, "Cong ress and the President "Image is a program for .. . acquiring, on our biomedical research mission, how we have chosen co urilizc the parcnr sysrem as the enhancrng, analyzing, editing, animarang and look at these agrecmcncs." primary mechanism foe transferring Govern­ pseudocoloring gray-scale or color images." In 1986, Congress passed rhe f ederal Tech­ ment invenrions co the privare secror." Developed originally ro aid medical nology Transfer Acr (ITTA } our of concern Under the new law and NIH policy, filing researchers, Image processes x-rays, aucoradio­ char beneficial technologies developed by gov­ parenr applications is an "important compo­ graphs, CAT and PET scans, ocher diagnoscic ernment researchers rarely make ir co the nent.. of a sc ientist's research efforr. Parenrs cools and even Polaroid phorographs. marketplace where citizens can buy and use may be issued on inventions developed by T he program digicizes rhese images and d is­ chem. At that time, Congress nored chat less inrramural researchers working alone or in plays rhcm on a computer screen. The ustr than 5 percent of governmenr patenrs were

ROUNDS Powerful Storm Rips County, Damages Campus

(Continued from P.-ge 1. ) The 4:30 p.m. thunderscorm char ravaged customers lost power as a result of che storm . caught me something extraordinarily interest­ northwest Washingcon and southern Approximately 85,000 households and busi­ ing and important. Montgom ery County June 14 bringing winds nesses remained powerless for m ore than 24 " lncidencally, chis contesc isn't m e versus measured ac 70 miles an hour, dumping tor­ hours after rhe scorm, which caused many Hallecc. It's Hallecc on his own," he said rential rains on the merropoliran area and schools in Bethesda, Chevy Chase, Takoma ominously. jamming traffic during the evening rush, did Park and the D istrict co close.--Carla Garnett T he firsc case involved a 36-year-old clerk nor leave N IH unscathed. with weakness in his arms and legs. Shown a Minutes afrer the 40-minuce storm passed, series of slides divulging faces acquired chron­ NlH police and emergency response crews ologically, Hallett paciencly reviewed the were dispatched co trouble areas, most of relevance and implication of each one, which involved downed cree limbs, minor chinking aloud into rhe microphone. damage co a few cars and traffic redirection. After several minutes of patient cogicarion , Ac 6 p . m . N IH police had blocked Center Hallecc arrived at a diagnosis of m yaschenia Dr. between the Clinical Center and Bldg. 3 l gravis in case one. Conceded Kassirer, "Thar where a fallen tree Lay blocking westbound was a spectacular discussion of che case." traffic. The second mystery case involved a 27-year­ Perhaps che most significant and lasting old Chinese man with weakness in his arms damage to the Bethesda cam pus occurred in and legs for the past half day. Hallett, Bldg. 37 where an eight-story white oak cree emphasizing the imporrance of considering was split in half, its cop crashing into a fifth alrernarives co rhe "fully obvious," quickly­ floor window of che building 's norrhwesc cor­ Gusty winds and torrmtia/ rains from a recent and accuracely-indicced hyperthyroidism as ridor. Although at least one employee was in th1mderst1Jm1 gave ma11y campm trees a s11rpriie a11d rhe cause of rhe man's complainr. che corridor ac the time, no one was hurt. extensive priming. Charlene French (r), an NHLBl T he last case was a 52-year-old Bostonian T om Cook, chief of che N IH Grounds emp/(lyee in Bldg. 3 1, found the tree limb 111 right wirh hemiparesis (half paralyzed) and a history Maintenance and Landscaping B ranch, sum­ 011 the h1JOd of her car just after the storm. Her rar, marized the damage: "Aside from che Bldg. of heavy drinking and smoking. Regarding u,hich was parked 011 an NIH lot at the comer of rhc laccer credenrials, Hallecc, a Harvard­ 3 7 oak t ree, four ocher fairly large trees were Cedar L11. and Rockville Pk., was 011e of a feu, on rrained physician, quipped, "This is relarivcly the Bethesda ra111p111 that sustai11ecl minor damage. common in Boscon ... So quickly did he pin­ point a brain cumor as the source of the man's problems char Kassirer declared, " I think you know who co go co if you have a neurologic problem." The exercise in thinking on one's feet is The NIH Record meant ro illustrate che thought processes phy­ Published biweekly a, Bethesda, Md., by the Editorial sicians use in creating pacienrs, Kassirer said. Operations Branch, Division of Public Info rmation, fo r ,he Members of the audience were invited co con­ informauon of employees of the National lns.ruures or H<"alth, Department of Hc-,lth and Human Services, and cribuce co the d iscussion, and several came co circul•ted 10 nonemployees by subscription only through Hallecc's aid when he called upon chem. the Government Printing Office. The content ,s ,eprinrable T hose interested in accending the next edi­ without perniission. Pktures may be available on requtst. tion of the Professor in Action should consult knocked over, che trunks of five smaller trees Use of fonds for prinung 1h15 periodical has been opproved the CC Grand Rounds calendar, available by were broken and the rest was just brush." by the diteccor of che Office of Management and Budget calling 496-2563.- Rich McManus D through Sep,ember 30, 1989. According co Cook, che area along Cedar Ln. between Old Georgetown Rd. and Wesc NIH Record Office Staff Correspondents: CC, Ellyn Pollack Dr. , called Cedar Lane Woods, and che large, Bldg. 3 I, Room 28-03 Phone 496-2 i 25 DCRT. Chnsiine Pennella FAES Announces Concert Schedule hilly trace of land char overlooks chc Medical DRG, Sue Meadows Ccncer Metro stop, were cwo of the campus' Editor DRR, Michael Fluhart)' The Foundation for Advanced Education in hardest hie areas. Rtehard McManus URS, Jim lx,heny che Sciences will present e ight concerts in its " Any area chat was fairly open- with lors of FIC, Elizabeth Gillette AssiM::tnt Editor NO, Pa1r1c1a A. Newman 1989- 90 Chamber Music Series. Anne Barbt:r crees bur no buildings-was hie pretty hard," NEI, Claudia Feldman The concert daces arc: 0 cc. 15 , Auryn he said. "We've sci II goc quite a loc of debris Scaff Writtr NHLBI, Blair Go,dy Sering Quartet; 0cc. 29, J ean Louis Sceuer­ to clean up. le (the storm) was a little worse Carla Garnetr N IA , Margo Warren man, piano; Nov. 12, T rio d ' Archi Di Roma; chan che real heavy, wee snowstorm we got a NIAIO, James Hadley Dec. 17 , Beaux-Arcs Trio; J an. 21, 1990. Editorial Assisian, NIAMS, Barbara Weldon few years ago." Marilyn Berman NlDDK, Eileen Corrigan Cantabile; Feb . 1 l, Barcok Sering Quartet ; A day after the storm, the Westwood Bldg. NICHD, Carol Florance Feb. 25, Andras Schiff, piano; Mar. l I, Uco was still without electricity causing NIH offi­ Th, NI/-/ Rtrtwd rcs,rvcs th< roght NIDR , Mary Daum Ughi, violin. cials co shut down che facility. In terms of ,o make, correcuons, changes, or N IEHS, Hugh J. Lee The concerts will be he ld on Sundays ac 4 d

Scientists Explore Mechanism for Resetting Biological Clock

Scicnrisrs supporred by rhe National ln l986, Czeisler and lllS colleagues lnsticure on Aging have found chat carefully reported rhe firsr evidence rhar daily exposure rimed exposure co brighr lights mighr prove a co sunlight m,ghr be rhe key ro resetting rhe quick and effective rreacmenr for certain sleep biological clock. As part of an experiment disorders. designed ro adjusr slight abnormalities in cir­ In rhe current issue of Srimre, Dr. Charles cadian function, rhe invcsrigators found a Czeisler, Dr. Richard Kronauer and their col­ dramatic lighc-inclucecl shift in the biological leagues ar Brigham and Women's Hospira( clock of a 66-year-old woman who was having and Harvard University reporc char rhc bod)'°s

PATENTS an invention report ro the NIH Parent era! companies working wirh the same lab," Branch, in the Office of the General Counsel. says Reid Adler. "'Industry is coming in on (Continued from Page 1 ) A good time co file a parent application, the ground floor of the research and will be technology transfer collaborations with indus­ according to Gallin, is ac the same time any able co transform the results into a useful try scientists. scientific manuscript or conference abstract product more quickly rhan if the lab had sim­ The L3-member Patent Policy Board was describing rhe work is submitted for publica­ ply fi led a parent appl icacion several years established in I 987 co evaluate and recom­ tion. An application for a U.S. patent may down the road." mend policies regarding the parenting of still be filed up to one year after publication One important goal of rhe policy srarement, inventions by NIH researchers. The board of the invention. Bue any rights to foreign says Adler, is ro ensure that government scien­ reviews the terms of [model] research agree­ parents are lost unless a U.S. patent applica­ tists continue rhe free pursuit of biomedical ments between NIH and industry researchers, tion is filed on the invention before research while recognizing which research decides how royalties will be distributed, and publication or ocher public disclosure of the projects may lend themselves co patents and how a scientist may use royalty dollars work. A parent, whether from a joint agree­ CRADAs. "The policy statement attempts ro brought in by his or her parenc. The board ment wirh industry, or from a single strike a balance between technology transfer also sponsors training sessions to familiarize intramural scientist, is only one seep in trans­ and our freedom to do rhc research we need co scientists with the derails of technology forming a laboratory result into a marketable do," he says. "We won't ignore our agency transfer. product. While a patent gives a scientist a mission, which is basic biomedical research, The increasing use of DNA-splicing period of exclusive claim co his or her inven­ simply ro play rhe technology transfer game," enzymes char allow scientists to create new tion, ic does not give rhe sciencisr the right ro he says. combinations of generic material, endowed make, use, or sell rhe invention. The Food "I don't think technology transfer is going with novel characteristics and functions, has and Drug Administration, for example, regu­ to change the direction of NJAID research," redefined the term "invention"' for parenting lates the sale of drugs even if they are says John Gall in. "It's making people aware purposes. Now many scientists working in parented. char their research is potentially valuable, and biomedical research laboratories use gene-splic­ The reason for a parent's period of it's fostering much more collaboration with ing techniques in their day-to-day exclusivity, the scacement says, "is to encour­ induStr)'· That will result in a more expedi­ investigations; some of these processes, and age industry ro invest the resources necessary tious transfer of laboratory observations into molecules derived from rhem, may be pate~r­ co bring an invention from the discovery stage useful products. I think that's good." 0 able. Because of recent court decisions, through subsequent development, clinical molecular probes, gene regulation sequences, rrials, regulatory approval, and ,iltimately inco transgenic plants and animals, vaccines, gene commercial production." So through commer­ vectors, and monoclonal antibodies are al I pat­ cialization licenses, NIH patent holders agree entable if rhey pass cerrai n legal cesrs. So are to share their exclusive rights with private many other molecules and processes derived companies who will move rhe product through from laboratory work. these steps. Lase year, rhe NIH filed more than 150 In addition to patent policy, the LS-point parent applications with the U.S. Patent and statement lays down guidelines for research Trademark Office and expects co exceed 200 agreements between NIH scientists and out­ chis year. side collaboracors. With the spawning of "The biggest problem for people ar NIH hundreds of biotechnology companies over the who are novice at rhe process of technology past decade and a half, biomedical discoveries transfer is knowing when rhcy have an inven­ now have a commercial outlet they've never tion co file a patent for," says NIAID's Dr. had before. " As biotechnology as an industry John Gallin, who is a member of the NIH has risen, " Philip Chen says, "links between Scenes fnnn 1h11 year's llsian!Pacif,c American Parent Policy Board. '"We're developing vac­ companies and rhe NIH have accelerated." Heritage Week held d,wing May at NIH included cines and therapeutics, products rhat have an These agreements, called Cooperative a demonstration of a Japanese Tea Ceremony by the obvious use. But ocher products might not be Research and Development Agreements Shuko Nakamura Group (abo1Je) ,md dancers from so obvious." (CRADAs), rap industry expertise in recogniz­ the Philippine Performing Arts Group . Tanghalang As director of NJAJD's intramural research ing and steering a basic research produce Pilipino , inc. The program"s theme was "Chan11 of program, Gall in oversees a group of scientists coward commercialization. NIH scientists may the Paci[,.-. ·· who rank second among NIH institutes in che cnrcr into CRADAs wirh industry collabora­ number of patents awarded to an intramural tors who will "make a significant intellectual program. Because of NJAJD's interesr in contribution to rhe research project" or who immunology and infectious diseases, patent­ will conrribure essential materials and techni­ able produces include candidate vaccines for cal resources. hepatitis, malaria, infant diarrhea, Lyme dis­ Patents on i nvenrions chac arise from work ease, sexually transmitted diseases, and AIDS, performed jointly under a CRADA are as well as molecules char may be used co treat coowned by the NIH and che collaboracing AIDS and ocher immune system disorders. company. Generally, the company involved in Scientists who suspect their work has the work will also be granted a commercializa­ resulted in a patentable invention, says Gallin, tion license co develop the invention into a should consult their scientific directors co marketable produce. determine whether a parent application should "I think it's also very exciting that even on be filed. If so, the scientist would rhen submit one disease, AIDS for example, there are sev- page 5 ~Record J une 27, 1989

NIAID Creates Sexually Transmitted Diseases Branch Rall Receives Medal from Finland

Dr. David P. Rall, director of the National Sexually transmitted diseases (ST Ds) are a institute of Environmental Health Sciences, g rowing, major public health problem. More received rhe Distinguished Service Medal from than 20 infeccious agents are transmirced by che Institute of O ccupational Health, sexual means and the STDs they cause are Helsinki, an agency of the Finnish govern­ associated with a wide variety of acute and ment. T he medal was conferred by director chronic health problems. The economic impact general of the Finnish lnscicute, Dr. Jorma alone is estimated to total billions of dollars Rantanen, at a banquet concluding an interna­ annually in the Unitcc.l States. cional scientific meeting on risk assessment of To bercer meet the needs of the research complex mixrnres held recendy in Espoo, community in combating chis problem, Finland. N!AlD has creaced an STD branch and named Rantanen also presenced Rall wich a certifi­ O r. Judith Wasserheit as its chief. Although cate seating chat the award was, '"in NIAID has long supported STD research, recognition of excellent work in rhe field of individual research grants and contracts had occupational health and safecy and especially been distributed throughout the institute. for (his) conuibucion to the development of "We wane to provide a visible and respon­ occupational health in Finland." NJEHS and sive adminiscracive focus for the STD research the f-innish Institute of Occupational Health community at large and others interested in have collaborated in the area of environmental advancing STD research," said Dr. Anthony S. Dr. j1Hlith N. \'(lrmerheit Fauci, institute direccor. Research within the new STD branch is years at the Internacional Centre for Diarrhoeal directed at prevention and control of STDs Disease Research in Bangladesh conducting a and their complications, which include infer­ popu lation-hased study of genital trace infec­ tility, ectopic (tubal) pregnancy, cervical tions among rural women. \X1asserheit is cancer, fecal loss and prematurity. Chlamydia! particularly interested in the impact of geniral infections, gonorrhea, crichomoniasis, syphilis, trace infections on women's reproductive chancroid, pelvic inflammatory disease (PIO), health.-Sandy Hecker 0 genital herpes and genital wares are among the diseases under the domain of the new branch. Dr. David Rall and wife. Gloria. at the presenta­ Research on AIDS, hepatitis B, and cyco­ tion of the medal from the Finnish government megalovirus infection is supported in ocher NIA!D program areas. "One of the few positive aspects of the a nd occupational healrh under a formal bilat­ AIDS epidemic has been to focus accencion on eral agreemem since 1982. STDs not only as imporranc cofactors in trans­ Rall joined NJEHS as director in 197 l. mission of the human immunodeficiency virus, During his service, the institute in Research but also as common diseases char result in · T riangle Park, N .C., has grown from a fledg­ devastating, long-term sequelae, particularly ling faci lity and organizacion with several for women and infants," said Wasserheit. "We hundred employees to a world center for tox­ now have a unique opportunity to combine iciological research employing 900, which recent advances in biomedical and epi­ cakes a leading role in U .S. international demiologic research methods with innovative agreements in environmenral research with approaches to behavioral research in order ro many other nations and within the World develop insights and interventions for combat­ Health Organization. ing STDs." "In addition to receiving the Distinguished Before coming co NIAJD, Wasserheit was Service Medal, Rall delivered one of the key­ an assistant professor of medicine in the divi­ note lectures titled "Carcinogens in Our sion of infectious diseases at Johns Hopkins Environment.·· University School of Medicine. She also served NIAID director Dr. Anthony S. Fauci (r) shares "It is clear chat it is difficult to categori ze as medical director of the Druid STD Clinic the 1989 Duke University Award far Excellence in and characterize individual agents as car­ and assistant chief of STD Clinical Services for l1111111moloiic Research with D,·. Sheldon M. \Vol// cinogens. As we enccr the more complex arena the Baltimore City health department. at a recmt dinner held in their honor in D"rham, of mulriplc exposures and combination tox­ Wasserheic received her B. A. in biochemis­ N.C. The two were cited ·'as major form in the icity, we urgently need better methods and a try and Slavic languages from Princeton development of-i1111111mologic research.• · Wolff iJ better conceptual framework," he concluded. University, and her M.D. from Harvard Medi­ Endicott professo,· and chairman of Tufts Uni1,ersity Rall has received many distinctions and cal School. She completed her house staff School of Medicine in Boston. He served as honors, including membership in the Institute training at Columbia Presbyterian Medical NIA/D's clinical director from 1968 to 1977. of Medicine of the National Academy of Sci­ Center in New York and the Emory Univer­ Wolff is t·ecognized for hi1 re.search on the origin ences; recipient of the Alumni Merit Award sity Hospitals in Atlanta, and her infectious and development offever as well aJ for his inves­ from Northwestern University; and recipient diseases fellowship at the University of Wash­ tigatiom 011 diseases that involve immune 1ystem of the Arnold J. Lehman Award from rhe ington in Seattle. She subsequently spent 2 111a/f1111ctio11. Society of Toxicology.-Thomas Hawkins 0 page 6 TheRecord June 27, 1989

RASBAND drum film scanner and analyzed on minicom­ puters. Several problems made chat system (Continued from Page 1.J costly and tedious. "T he minicompmers and drum scanner were can then manipulate the onscreen image in a expensive to maintain," noted Rasband, who developed the first edition of the Mac II pro­ number of ways. gram in a few weeks. Within the lase l8 For instance, a PET scan showing the pres­ monchs, subscquenc editions of Image have ence of a brain rumor is converted by Image for rhe video screen. A researcher who wanes emerged, each packed with more fu nctions co know the size of the rumor can trace rhc and fewe r " bugs." mass , highlighting the tumor. "T he old system was unreliable. And Aucomarically, Image computes rhe size of alchough Image is noc yec finished, rhe Mac 11 rhe highlighted area and displays the measure­ system char uses it is much less expensive," he ment in seconds. said. Rasband has written other programs for use Using one of Image's many options, rhe 111/ayne R<1sba11d researchers can also add pseudocolor to show on the Mac including PAM, which scores and contrast between the rumor and surrounding analyzes activity darn acquired by patient Macintosh computers. He writes ro Rasband, areas or add animation tO simulate motion. activity monitors. "You can't believe what a commotion your h lccring functions sharpen the PET scan The activity monirors were developed by software is making with everyone I demo ic image, smoothing rough edges or blocking engineers in Rasband's Research Services co. People are just blown away! !! In rhc face of 0Llt extraneous ··noise" in the picture. Branch in 1975 to study abnormal behavior Mosr benefits of Image become clear rhe !BM uniformity (in five ocher cencers in cycles in manic-depressive illness. Rasband moment rhe program is seen in accion. his company) ... Image was the key sales converted rhe min icom purer-based software for However, the g reacesc unseen asset of rhe pro­ pirch. The performance and interface is fantas­ PAM co the Mac in about 6 monchs. gram, at least as far as non-NIH'ers arc tic! Ir stands virtually unchallenged from the MacMcasurc, a program similar ro Image concerned , is probably its availability and rnmmercial secror and is avai]ahle at nn cosr, that is used for analyzing photographs using a case-efficiency. Image is less rhan cheap; it's · ic is without doubt my favorite application.·· dig itizing tablcr, cook Rasband 3 or 4 months free. Rasband developed Image for his favorite co create. Because Rasband created Image as an compucer-che Mac ! I. Rasband continues to improve Image. The N lMH employee, the program has no "It's easy co use," says Rasband. "It behaves most recent fcarure he is developing will allow copyright protection and essentially belongs ro consiscencly and there's a lot of carryover from users ro create computer-generated legends for the public. Similar g raphics programs with prog ram co program. You don't have tO start defined areas. comparable functions cost about $2,000 for from scratch." "Image does basically everything a g raphics each copy. Image is available without cost by Before Image and the Mac II -video camera department could do," he said. "It prepares conracring Rasband or through various com­ system, researchers studying che brain used slides, materials for presenracions . .. there arc puter networks worldwide. images char were acquired from a rotating scill things co add, though." 0 Much of the world has already recognized the value of Image. Rasband's fi k contains ruortion, feKI Uhndow, Iii! • t '(i,: ::1-r,' ~' hundreds of notes, hand written as well as LUl !ooh ._! ' • _:~ '"; typed, from all over the Unircd Scarcs­ -~ r::1!11------'------i Ncvada, Arkansas, Minnesota and New Mex­ f"l.:::: H1s lo ram ico, as well as overseas- Canada, German)', t :.: Denmark and Australia. ~ ­ ''Ninety-five percenr of them are from the iili C! U .S.," said Rasband, a 20-year N IMH vet­ eran, "although (Image) has seemed co spark more interest in Germany for some reason." One satisfied cusrnmer from che University of Cologne in Germany writes ro Rasband:

"You created an excellent p rogram to ana­ X ~' y 'II' lyze digitized scans. x-rays or simple color Uolue 6 : picrurcs. As a surgeon, J would appreciate a

program, which would enable me co followup H••"' ... .I.; S td Df''lf :·"5- 7202 CT-scans of bones ... Your program could be Mtn .... .­ an ideal solurion." H,.x ' -'~ 00 Another kudo from an orthopedic rcha­ biliration hospiral in Canada reads: )V,~ ,: "(Image) has accelerated our work related m \.. ~ ~ ,::_ □ fi_. r 1 - r1.. ,,. ..i ..a • medical image processing .. . suffice it co say chat we ;ire very keen to keep in touch and would be pleased co provide more details on /111(lge. <1 m111p11ter p,-oiram clerdopecl for the /l'lricintoJh fl hy NIMH's W'e1ym Rasband, enableJ mers 10 how we arc using Image." t1111ilyze x-ra)'J. <111toracliogr«phs. CAT ,111d PET swm ,md other diagnostic m.iterials of/ r0111/J/1ter screen . One enchusiasric Bostonian used lmage to By 11Ji11g <1 ro111bi11<1tio11 of the tl/0/J sh111.1·11 at left. e1 rere<1rche,· fell/ drau· li11is to mem11re area.r or <1dcl convince the rest of his department tO buy psemloco/or to imprm,e rontm!I. Image ,111ro11111timlly dupl,1ys 111e<1J111'e111mt rern/1s in the legend at ,·igh1. page 7 TheRecord June 27. 1989

Klausner Gives Presidential Lecture at Endocrine Society Dugger Appointed NIH Federal Women's Program Manager Dr. Richard Klausner, chief of NICHD's response co changing iron levels. When iron Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, deliv­ levels are low, the iron-sensing protein opens Lin

Layma n Lectures Hit the Hill Straus Explains Fatigue Syndrome to Legislators and Their Staffs By Ellyn J. Pollack Imagine being so exhausted from a simple tory medications for headaches, muscle aches daily cask rhar you have co go back ro bed. and joint aches; aspirin or Tylenol for chills While many people occasionally complain rhac and feverishness; adjustment in daily habits or they are tired and do not wane co go back co dietary habits for difficulty with sleeping; work for a couple of months, some people are antidepressants when appropriate; and guid­ always so exhausted char even rhc simplest ance for coping. 0 task becomes a hurdle co overcome. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debiliraring disorder rhar impairs an individ­ ,1al"s ability to participate in normal daily Use of Smokeless Tobacco activities, said Dr. Stephen Srraus, chief of che Highest Among Young Men NlAlD medical virology section, addressing 75 people on Capirol Hill during a repeat of Scientific data from three recent survt)'S his 1988 Medicine for the Layman lecrnre. show char use of smokeless tobacco among Patients with CFS also have difficulty con­ teenage and young adult men in the United centrating or remembering what they have to Sraces is a significant and growing problem. do. They are easily distracted and have cogn i­ Use of smokeless robacco is highest in the­ tive problems. South and lowesr in rhe Norcheasr part of the NIH deputy director Or. \Xfilliam Raub country. Scates wirh exceptionally high races introduced Straus, whose lecture was che first of smokeless tobacco use among men include in a series of Medicine for the Layman lectures West Virginia, Mississippi, Wyoming, co be delivered on Capitol Hill. Ur. Stephen Stmm Arkansas, Monrana, and Kenrncky. The NIH Legislative Affairs Office asked Overall, it is csrimacecl chat 2 . 2 percrnr of the Office of Clinical Center Communications white men in the U.S. use snuff and 4 ..'> per­ to reproduce irs popular Medicine for rhe Lay­ back on their feet, Straus explained. Similar cent use chewing tobacco. Black and Hispanic man lectures on CapiroJ Hill in an efforr to problems char lasr for only a few days or men are similar in their reported use of snuff, inform Congress about research at NIH. Rep. weeks are probably common, but when symp­ with both groups reporting a much lower race John Porter of lllinois sponsored the first lec­ toms persist for more than 6 months, chey compared to white men. W ith respect to t ure, providing the room and publicity, the may indicate chronic fatigue syndrome. chewing tobacco, black men ranked second co NIH Medical Arcs and Photography Branch However, numerous other causes of farigue whites, and Hispanics ranked third. supplied equipment for the slide presentation, first need to be excluded. The national race of smokeless tobacco use and NIAJD provided donurs, coffee and juice CFS, in addition co beginning with acuce among women is less rhan 1 percent, com­ for the aud icnce. infections, often begins at a period of_grcac pared co 5. 5 percent among men. The second lecture, g iven by Dr. Marilyn stress o r at some special event in the person·s Almost half of men age LS and older who Gaston, deputy chief of the NHLBI Sickle life such as d ivorce, career changes, moving or use smokeless tobacco are dai 1) ' users. Some Cell Disease Branch, will be sponsored by death in the family. substitute smokeless tobacco for cigarettes, but Rep. Louis Stokes of Ohio. Gascon will dis­ People with CFS often have allergies, Straus most rend co use borh forms of robacco. Races cuss sickle cell anemia. The lecrnre is said, which suggests the im111une consricmion of smokeless tobacco use are highesr among tenratively scheduled for July -,O. of these patients may be abnormal before the while males l2 to 25 years of age living in CFS is not a single disease, Straus reported, fatigue begins. Otht'r signs of immune prob­ nonmecropoliran areas. but probably a m ixtllre of various factors that lems in CFS patienrs also have been reported. These data and 13 other swdies on smoke­ lead people to be chronically fatigued. Patients For example, investigators found a slight less tobacco are publ ished in the National with CFS are always tired to some degree, and reduction in the ability of blood cells in CFS Cancer lnstituce's new monograph, S111oke/es1 easily exhausted. They often experience recur­ patients to produce interleukin-2 and gamma Tobacco Use in rhe United States. The mono­ ring dull headaches, joint and muscle aches, a interferon, important chemicals in mediating graph also explores the current problem of sense of feverishness and chills, render lymph our immune responses co cancers and infec­ smokeless tobacco use by youths such as pre­ glands, difficulty in concentrating on assigned tious agen rs. dicrors of onset of use, factors chat influence casks and depression. Researchers have found char many patients use, patterns developed. and the relationship T wo-thirds of chose diagnosed with CFS are with CFS also have clinical depression. The of smokeless tobacco use to ocher substance women who were previously active; the major­ relationship with depression often is not use. The cancer risk associated with smokeless ity are middle-class and Caucasian. unclersrood, but there are similariries between tobacco and future directions of research arc Many patients relate the onset of their the two disorders. Patients who are depressed also discussed. 0 fatigue to a specific infection. usually a respi• have low natural killer cell acciviry, abnor­ rarory or gasrroinrcscinal infecrion such as mal icies with lymphokine and interferon influenza, bronchitis, a sore throat, a cold, production, and occasionally have abnor­ diarrhea or abdominal cramps. These infec­ malities of antibody production to certain tions usually are not severe in the beginning viruses, all features of CFS. and only lase a few days . .Bur people with CFS Straus said doccors can offer CFS pat icncs find themselves waiting day after day to get sympcomaric therapies such as anci-inflamma- pa~e 9 The Record J uoe 27, 1989

NIDR Studies Oral Manifestations of AIDS Danford To Direct Nutrition Research Division On May 30 the National Institute of Dental Swango, a PHS demise in NJDR's epi­ Research and its cosponsors of a new study on demiology and oral disease prevention Dr. Darla D.tnford was recently appointed the oral effects of the human immunodefi­ program, explained char active duty military director of the Division of Nutrition Research Coordination (DNRC) in the Office of Disease ciency virus (HIV), held an open house at the personnel are required to be tested on a rou­ study's research site. The clinic is located in a tine basis--ensuring char all new cases are Prevention, OD. In this capacity, she will also newly renovated wing of the old hospital at caughr early. serve as chairperson of rhe NIH Nutrition Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The event T he research initially will follow four direc­ Coordinating Committee (NCC). The DNRC, created in May coordi­ was held to thank the many people who tions. The firsr goal of rhc scudy is to 1988, worked toward opening the clinic and launch­ characterize the range and severity of HIV­ nates the NIH nutrition research and training ing the study. associared oral conditions as they relace ro the activities supported by its insticuces, divisions The study, "The Natural History of Oral progression of HIV infection. Since oral condi­ and centers. In addition, the office also serves Manifestations of HIV Infection in a United tions occurring early in the course of infection as nutrition liaison for NIH with the federal Scares Military Population," is part of a parent might be prediccors of the development of agencies, and offers consultation on nutrition project being conducted by the Walter Reed AIDS, verification of this predicrive value issues co the NJH director and the associate Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) on che would allow early diagnosis and permit director for disease prevention. natural history of HIV infection. The U .S. prompt treacmencs as they become available. "A major component of the division is che Army Deneal Activity at Walter Reed and the A second focus of the study is oral can­ U.S. Army Institute of Dental Research also Jidiasis, a yeast infection in chc mouth. le already is considered a reliable predictive marker for the development of AIDS in HIV­ infecccd individuals. Boch clinical and micro­ bial findings will be analyzed io relation co systemic disease progression. Also to be studied is an aggressive and painful form of periodontal disease that leads to rapid bone loss-one of the more debilicac­ ing oral consequences of HIV. This disease is characterized by spontaneous bleeding, ulcera­ tion and pain. Deneal scientists hope to learn more about this type of periodontal disease and ics relationship to an atypical form of g in­ Dr. Darla Danford g ivitis thought to be one of the earliest signs Dr. Harald Loe (I) and Major General Bill of HIV infection. Le/let· at the \VRAMC Clinic Open Home Finally, researchers will explore composi­ Nutrition Coordinating Committee," said tional changes in saliva in relation to the stage Danford. "Basically, the NCC, with represent­ of infection and to the risk of disease atives from each of the BlDs, provides an are supporting the project. The Henry M. progression. N IH forum for discussion of biomedical and Jackson Foundation, a nonprofit organization Study participants are Army personnel and behavioral nutrition research and training chat supporcs military medicine, is handling their family members participating i_n the issues, allowing the agency to avoid duplica­ administrative management of the study. umbrella scudy being conducted by WRAIR. tion and speak with one voice on nutrition 'Tm pleased to see chis faci lity become a There will be approximately l,000 volunteers matters." reality," said Dr. Harald Loe, NIDR director. in the oral manifestations study. D Danford, who earned her M .P.H. from the He credited the efforts of the Army Deneal University of California, Berkeley, and her Corps and the ocher collaborators for the suc­ D.Sc. at Harvard University, has broad research experience in clinical nutrition chat cessful development of the facility. Maj. Gen. 'Fantastic' Night with Orioles Bill Lefler, chief of the U.S. Army Dental ranges from neonatology to gerontology. Her Corps, said the project was a tremendous Special Love, Inc. and Camp Fantastic scientific interests have focused primarily on milescone in the fight against AIDS. invite you co "Fantastic Night with the Bal­ trace elements; she served from 1981 to 1985 The overall objective of the study is co doc­ rimore Orioles" on Saturday, July 15 at as director of the Trace Element Laboratory in ument the prevalence and incidence of oral Memorial Stadiwn. The evening kicks off with an NIH-funded clinical nutrition research cen­ conditions that appear during various stages of a bullpen party at 5:30, where y0L1'Jl be ter at the University of Chicago Medical HIV infection and define risk factors associ­ rreated to hamburgers , hot dogs, beverages School. From l979 to 1980, she was visiting aced with these conditions. and a few surprises. Then watch the Orioles scientist at the Vitamin and Mineral Labora­ "This is a unique study for two reasons," vs. the:: California Angels from box seats. Cost tory, USDA Human Nutrition Research said Dr. Philip Swango, the scudy's principal for the evening is $15 and includes fooJ, bev­ Center, Beltsville. Included in her numerous investigator. "first, the volunteers already are erages and box seat for the game. A portion of reaching poses was chc directorship of the mas­ enrolled in rhe larger WRAIR study so we rhe ticker price will benefit Camp Fantastic, a rers degree program in clinical nutrition at the will be able to evaluate che oral findings summer camp for kids with cancer. For tickets University of Chicago .Medical School from within the larger medical concexc. Second, or more information, contact rhe R&W 1981 co 1985 . From 1985 to 1986, prior co many of the individuals arc in the earliest Activities Desk in Bldg. 3 1, 496-4600. D joining NIH, she was at the National Acad­ stages of infection and are asymptomatic... emy of Sciences. D page 10 The Record June 27, 1989

FIC Scholar Kamen Gets Scott Award Dr. Manin Kamen, a scholar-in-residence ar coday about biochemical mechanisms in the Fogarty Center, has received the John metabolism, phocosynchesis and many ocher Scocr Award for his discovery and isotacion of areas of research seems from his work. His carbon-14. The award is given co rhe "most autobiography, Radiant Science. Dark Politics, deserving" men and women whose inventions (Berkeley: University of California Press, have concributed in some oucscanding way to 1985), speaks of these accomplishments the "comfort, welfare and happiness" of man­ despite the difficulties char severely incer­ kind. Jr is presenced by che board of direccors rupced his research during the turmoil of rhe Philadelphia Cicy Trusts. generated by Sen. Joseph McCarthy in the In a lerrer notifying Kamen of the honor, 1950's. the board ciced che wide use of carbon- l4 in As a Fogarty scholar-in-residence at NIH, archeology, geochemistry and medicine as well Kamen is associated with the Laboratory of as its use in the "carbon-daring" method of Biochemistry, NHLBl, and a number of other establishing the age of objects. research laboracorics. He has blended research The discovery of carbon- L4, rhe long-lived on cyrochromes c with a delightful series of radioisotope of carbon, came at an early point lectures in 1988 on the science and music of in Kamen's distinguished scientific career at a 19th century scienrisr T. W. Engelmann. He University of California lab in Berkeley. is now in his second term as scholar. Kamen and his collaborator Dr. Samuel Ruben The John Scott Award honors a pharmacist were bombarding targets in the cyclotron from Edinburgh, Scocland, who appreciated developed by Lawrence and Livingston. the accomplishments of Benjamin Franklin john Mason, rhief of the mechanifal imtr11111mta­ "I knew it was there and how co gee ir, bur and established a fund foe Philadelphians tio11 fabrication section of the Biqmedical I didn't know how long it would take," encrusted wirh Franklin's legacy ro honor Engineering ,md /11stmmentatio11 Bra11th, DRS, Kamen said in a recent interview. "The longer "ingenious men and women who make useful reamly mired after 31 y~m in BEIB; he was a lived something is, che harder it is co find." invenrions. federal emplo;•ee for 3 7 yeari. Mason was a yo11ng The two young scienciscs made rhe discovery Kamen says he will share the $ I0,000 111athi11isl at the Naval Gun Factory who traw­ in February 1940. Kamen described the event award with H elena Ruben, Samuel's widow. ferred to NIH and lo JCie,11ifit- i11J1m111ent making in Science in 1963 . Ocher distinguished John Scott Award hon­ in 1958. Over the years. as he was promoted first Kamen and Ruben then went on co work orees include Madame Curie, T homas Edison, to line supervisor and then lo 1ectio11 chief. Mason on different facets of che Manhaccan Project. the Wright brothers, J onas Salk, Glenn Sea­ and his cowarkers have bem produci11g new ins1m- Ruben died rragically in a laboratory accident borg and Gordon Gould, inventor of the laser. 111ents that give mbsta11ce to ideas of NIH in 1943. Kamen's office is in Scone House, Bldg. L6, researchers a11d engi11em. They also modify com111er­ Kamen has made innumerable original con­ Rm. 214; phone extension 8733. -Elizabeth cict! i11strummts to meet researchers· special 11eeds. tributions to science; much of what we know Gilleue 0 Nou, Ma1011 is gitmg full-time altmtion to a part­ time i111eresl of many yean-real e.ltate 1ales.

Semlnar Series for Grants Associates and Health Scientist Administrators Starts in September

Each year, the Healrh Scientist Administra­ and behavioral research; faccors affecting extra­ July 25, co A. Robert Polcari, direcror, HSA ror Development Programs (HSAOP) Office in mural programs and their administration; Development Prog rams, Claude Pepper Bldg., the Office of Excramural Programs organizes a program planning and evaluation; and the leg­ Rm. 5B32. series of seminars to complement the working islative/budget process. These three nominees arc in addition co assignments of the GAs (grants associates) and HSAs with l-to-3 years· experience a re nominees who are in or have recently com­ HSA trainees and the working experiences of expected to profit most from and conrri buce co pleted either the newly hired HSA training HSAs. The HSADP Office is accepting rhc series. This docs not imply char non­ program or the HSA craiaee program. Such applications for its 1990 GA/HSA Seminar HSAs, including intramural scientists, would trainees are given priority for selecrion and do Series, scheduled to begin on Friday, Sepe. nor benefit. Those nominees with less than I not count against the limit of three nominees 15. These weekly seminars of 10 months dura­ year's NIH extramural experience muse have per BID. tion are held on Fridays in the Claude Pepper taken the "Fundamentals of NIH Extramural Only a limirc

=TRAINING TIPS Clinical Center Social Work Chief Stan Kissel Dies The N IH Training Center of che Division of Scanley J. Kissel, Jr., chief of the social Personnel Management offers the following: work deparrment at the Clinical Cenrer, d ied Co11rses and Programs Dates May 18 following hearc surgery at Walter Reed Army Medical Cencer. Management and S11pervisory 496-63 7 I He joined the Public Health Service in Arrirudes: How Thty A/feet Producrivity 7/ 1 I 1962 after completing h is master's degree in Crearive Basics for Changing Workplaces 7/12 W orking Wich Personal Oilftrcnces: MBTI social work at St. Louis University. His many Applrcations for Profess,onal Development 7/19 assignments included chief social worker ar Practical Approaches co Stress 7/18 Scaten Island PHS Hospital; personnel man­ agement specialist of the Commissioned Office Operations Training 496-62 I I Personnel Operations Division for t he health lnrr<)ducrion to Working at NU; for N<:w Support Scaff 71 I 7 services officer, scientist and veterinarian cate­ Oasic Time and Accendance 7/6 gories; chief of the social work deparcment at Reducing Stress: Rebuilding Energy 7/ I 2 Baltimore PHS Hospital; and chief of the Delegaced Acquisition 7/24 social work Staff, Bureau of Medical Services, Travel O rders & Vouchers 7/24 Division of Hospitals and Clinics, in H yatts­ Training and Developmem Services 496-621 1 ville, Md. In 1980, he joined N IH as chief of Personal Computer rraining is available chrough User the social work department for che CC. Resource Cemer (URC) self Study courses. T here is no During his career, Kissel served as president St"11 Kimi cost to NIH employees for chese hands-on sessions. of the three Commissioned Officers Associa­ T he URC hours are: tion branches, including the D .C. Monday- Thursday 8:30 a.m.-7:00 p.m. Metropolitan Area Branch in 1981- 82. He national health conference of the National Friday 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Sacurday 9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. was general chairman of the 19th and 2 lsc Association of Social W orkers in Washington, annual meetings of che USPHS Professional D.C., in L984. He continued co develop NOW AVAILABLE ON SHARE TRAINING Association. As a long-standing member of qualitative and quantitative 'measures of che FY 89 Tra.inlng Center courses. the American Public Health Association, he efficacy of the social work role in health care Access Wylbur and encer SHARE served on its governing council from 1986 to throughouc his career. TRAINING. Firsc cimc users only, enccr: 1988 and was editor of rhe social work section Kissel received cwo PHS Commendation x fr &ags2ugl.@@sharc(setup) on file3 7 of its newsletter from 1983 to 1989. He also medals (NIH and HRSA) in 1983 and 1980, served as editor of the "National H ealth Line·· respecrively; a PHS cication in 1981; and che Executive Potential Program in the Health and Social Workjomnal from Direccor's Award and PHS Plaque, Bureau of 1983 co L987. Medical Services, in 1979. The Office of Personnel Management's Kissel wroce a number of papers and made Born May 20, 1937, in J ohnsonburg , Pa., Execurive Porenrial Program for high potenrial many presentations during his career, includ­ Kissel is survived by his wife, Vivian; three mid-level employees is a career enhancement ing "The ldencification of Key Results for children, Brian, Cheryl, and Breer; h is par­ program thac is coordinated by che NIH Clinical Social Work lniciatives in a Medical ents, Kathryn an.cl Stanley J. Kissel , Sr.; and a Training Cencer. It provides training and Setting, .. which was presented at the first younger brocher, J erry. developmenral experience ro prepare them for future opportunities as federal managers and executives. Parcicipants are nominare

Celebrity Golf Exhibition Benefits Children's Inn For the pasr 7 years, the local park commis­ sion has allowed television spores reporter Glenn Brenner of \XIUSA-TV ro hold a pro/ n:lcbriry golf dinic anJ exhibition for rhe lx·nc.:fir of area charities. This year, Gordon Peterson, anchorman for WUSA and a board member of the Friends of the Children's Inn, persuaded his TV siJekick ro earmark all proceeds from rhe golf clinic­ some S 10,000-for the Child ren's Inn ac N IH. On Saturday, June 10 , hundreds of area golf enthusiasts collected at Paine Branch Golf C.oursc in College Park co watch such person­ ,il icies as Sonny Jurgensen, Mark Rypien and Wushington Capitals hockey scar Mike Ridley play 18 hoks of occasionally exemplary got(. Before the clinic began, Rep . Steny Hoyer (D-Md. ), J friend of N IH and a supporrer of rhe inn. greeted guests. 011 h,111d for 1he J1111draisill!; golf dini, u•ere (jro111 /) Glenn Brenner uf \fflJSA-TV. Rep. S1e11y I-foyer. ·'The Children·s Inn at NIH will be a g reat G·1ml1m Petmo11 of \¥1US1\ . Randy Schools. geneml mrmager of Nlf-1· s l? &W1 and George Rmse/1 1i>ho . p!Jce for the physical and psychological health ,t!IJ/1g u•ith Srhmls. is 011 the bO?ad 11/ 1he Friends ,,f th,. Chi/,t,-en·s 11111. of children," he said. "Many of my colleagues in Congress have joineJ in chis 111credibly positive effort co create a place where parents can stay with their sick children. The inn is going to keep fam ilies rngerher." Call for Abstracts for NIH Hoyer nored char h is hosrs Brenner and Research Day Posters Peterson each have several chil