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The Late Sheikh Abdullah Azzam's Books
Combating Terrorism Center Guest Commentary The Late Sheikh Abdullah Azzam’s Books Part III: Radical Theories on Defending Muslim Land through Jihad LCDR Youssef Aboul‐Enein, MSC, USN The Combating Terrorism Center United States Military Academy West Point, NY http://www.ctc.usma.edu Please direct all inquiries to Brian Fishman [email protected] 845.938.2801 Introduction Sheikh Abdullah Azzam is a name that only gets attention among true students of Islamist militancy, yet he has had a tremendous impact on Usama Bin Laden and left him with the tools needed to establish a global jihadist network. Azzam was born in Jenin, Palestine in 1941, and was evicted from his hometown of Jenin in the 1967 Six‐Day War. He spent years pursuing his studies in Islamic jurisprudence attending university in Syria and graduating with a doctorate in Islamic studies from the prestigious Al‐Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. He was nicknamed the fighting cleric for his obsession with jihadist ideology and the militant works of ibn Taymiyyah (1258 AD). Azzam believed the only way to reclaim his lost homeland was through violent jihad which later became his bsession. On or about 1980, Azzam realized that the Arab jihadists fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan required organization, safe house, and structure. He established Maktab al‐Khidmat lil Mujahideen (The Services Offices for Arab Jihadists) which attracted Usama Bin Laden, then graduating from King Abdul‐ Aziz University to join his new venture. Azzam convinced Bin Laden that his financial connections, business experience, and dedication would be of great use to his new organization in Pakistan. -
Women Islamic Scholars, Theological Seminaries.18 Similar to the Muftis, and Judges Are the Great Exception
ISSUE BRIEF 10.02.18 Women as Religious Authorities: What A Forgotten History Means for the Modern Middle East Mirjam Künkler, Ph.D., University of Göttingen Although the history of Islam includes family members of the prophet were numerous examples of women transmitting frequently consulted on questions of Islamic hadith (i.e., sayings of the prophet), writing guidance. This practice was not limited to authoritative scholarly commentaries on the prophet’s family and descendants. As the Quran and religious law, and issuing Islamic scholar Khaled Abou El Fadl notes, fatwas (rulings on questions of Islamic law), “certain families from Damascus, Cairo, and women rarely perform such actions today. Baghdad made a virtual tradition of training Most Muslim countries, including those in female transmitters and narrators, and… the Middle East, do not allow women to these female scholars regularly trained serve as judges in Islamic courts. Likewise, and certified male and female jurists and few congregations would turn to women therefore played a major contributing role for advice on matters of Islamic law, or in the preservation and transmission of invite women to lead prayer or deliver the Islamic traditions.”1 sermon (khutba). Women’s role in transmitting hadiths For decades, Sudan and Indonesia were was modeled after ‘A’ishah, the prophet’s the only countries that permitted female youngest wife, who had been such a prolific judges to render decisions on the basis of transmitter that Muhammad is said to have the Quran and hadiths (which are usually told followers they would receive “half their conceived as a male prerogative only). -
British Muslims Caught Amidst Fogs—A Discourse Analysis of Religious Advice and Authority
religions Article British Muslims Caught Amidst FOGs—A Discourse Analysis of Religious Advice and Authority Usman Maravia 1,* , Zhazira Bekzhanova 2 , Mansur Ali 3 and Rakan Alibri 4 1 ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS), Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK 2 English Language Program, Astana IT University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; [email protected] 3 Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK, School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3EU, UK; [email protected] 4 Department of Languages and Translation, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper discusses the symbolic capital found within Islamic documents that were circu- lated in the UK during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, the work explores “fatwas” and “other” similar documents as well as “guidance” documents (referred to as FOGs) that were disseminated in March–April 2020 on the internet and social media platforms for British Muslim consumption. We confine our materials to FOGs produced only in English. Our study takes its cue from the notion that the existence of a variety of documents created a sense of foggy ambiguity for British Muslims in matters of religious practice. From a linguistic angle, the study seeks to identify (a) the underlying reasons behind the titling of the documents; and (b) the construction of discourses in the documents. Our corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis (CA-CDA) found noticeable patterns that hold symbolic capital in the fatwa register. We also found that producers of “other” documents imitate the fatwa register in an attempt to strengthen the symbolic capital of their documents. -
DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS in ACCORDANCE to CLASSICAL ISLAMIC LAW THROUGHOUT the MUSLIM-MAJORITY WORLD Introduction
Junayd Rehman TWIN HALVES OF MEN1: AN EXAMINATION OF THE MODERN APPLICATION OF KHULA DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS IN ACCORDANCE TO CLASSICAL ISLAMIC LAW THROUGHOUT THE MUSLIM-MAJORITY WORLD Introduction Simply put, marriage in Islamic Law is a contract.2 Unlike Western notions, be they influenced by various Christian Churches to think of the act of marriage as a holy sacrament, or by the post- Enlightenment secular state—still largely affected by the influence of the Church’s thinking of marriage as a sacrament—marriage in Islam is a contract between two parties, undertaken so they may fulfil their human inclinations and desires, of both procreation and intimacy, within the permissible boundaries of God’s law.3 The first part of this paper will give a brief overview of the concepts of marriage according to Islamic Classical law, and the history and reasonings surrounding its exercise. The second part of this paper will then delve into much of the same except revolving around divorce in multifaceted approaches in Islamic law, one of which is the khula, or the woman’s right to divorce her husband by forfeiting her mahr, which is typically a payment of money or other material possessions—ranging from anything to gold, a house, a vehicle, a parcel of land, furniture, etc.,— paid for by the groom to the bride at the time of their marriage, and is stipulated in the signed marriage contract between the bride and groom.4 The principal of khula will then be more thoroughly examined as an option of divorce in Islamic law, along with its benefits and drawbacks, -
Egyptian Shiʿa Between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter
Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter To cite this version: Stéphane Valter. Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes. Occasional Paper series (CIRS), Georgetown University in Qatar, 2019. hal-02410632 HAL Id: hal-02410632 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02410632 Submitted on 19 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter © 2019 Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter © 2019 Center for International and Regional Studies Georgetown University in Qatar Occasional Paper No. 23 ISSN 2072-5957 Established in 2005, the Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) at Georgetown University in Qatar is a premier research institute devoted to the academic study of regional and international issues through dialogue and exchange of ideas, research and scholarship, -
Mufti Muhammad Shafi and Tafsir Maariful Qur’An; an Introduction & Review
MUFTI MUHAMMAD SHAFI AND TAFSIR MAARIFUL QUR’AN; AN INTRODUCTION & REVIEW Muhammad Shahab Ashraf Khatak Department of Islamic Studies & Arabic, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan ABSTRACT After the war of indepence1857 the Muslims of India were governed by the British Empire for the period of a century. During this period different movements for the independence for Indian Muslims were raised. Among them there was a movement of Deoband, which was actually an educational movement for survival of Muslim. The renounced scholars of Deoband school of thought presented the literature for the strong ideological training of muslims, so that they could have implemented the islamic instrcuctions in their lives. In this connection the contribution of Maulana Mufti Muhammad Shafi were remarkable who devoted his life for preaching the ideology of Islam. He compiled a huge number of books for the betterment in social and moral life of Muslims. He presented the urdu translation and commentary (Tafseer) of the Holy Qura'an which is a unique commentary. In this article the introduction of Maulana Mufti Muhammad Shafi and the characteristics of his Tafseer Maarif ul Quran are presented. Key words: Mufti Shafi, Urdu Quranic Commentary, Maarif ul Quran, Tafsir in Pakistan INTRODUCTION N.W.F.P) where Muslims of this At the time when Mufti Muhammad province vote of Pakistan through a Shafi a great religious research scholar referendum due to the efforts of these of Indo Pakistan, was teaching at Darul Ulama. After great struggle when Uloom Deoband, Muslims of the Pakistan came into being, Shabbir subcontinent were striving for Ahmad Usmani invited his friends, independence from the British Rule. -
What Every Christian High School Student Should Know About Islam - an Introduction to Islamic History and Theology
WHAT EVERY CHRISTIAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ISLAM - AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC HISTORY AND THEOLOGY __________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the School of Theology Liberty University __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry __________________ by Bruce K. Forrest May 2010 Copyright © 2010 Bruce K. Forrest All rights reserved. Liberty University has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. APPROVAL SHEET WHAT EVERY CHRISTIAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ISLAM - AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC HISTORY AND THEOLOGY Bruce K. Forrest ______________________________________________________ "[Click and enter committee chairman name, 'Supervisor', official title]" ______________________________________________________ "[Click here and type committee member name, official title]" ______________________________________________________ "[Click here and type committee member name, official title]" ______________________________________________________ "[Click here and type committee member name, official title]" Date ______________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge all my courageous brothers and sisters in Christ who have come out of the Islamic faith and have shared their knowledge and experiences of Islam with us. The body of Christ is stronger and healthier today because of them. I would like to acknowledge my debt to Ergun Mehmet Caner, Ph.D. who has been an inspiration and an encouragement for this task, without holding him responsible for any of the shortcomings of this effort. I would also like to thank my wife for all she has done to make this task possible. Most of all, I would like to thank the Lord for putting this desire in my heart and then, in His timing, allowing me the opportunity to fulfill it. -
Wahhabism Is It a Factor in the Spread of Global Terrorism?
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis and Dissertation Collection 2009-09 Wahhabism is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism? Dillon, Michael R. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4575 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS WAHHABISM: IS IT A FACTOR IN THE SPREAD OF GLOBAL TERRORISM? by Michael R. Dillon September 2009 Thesis Co-Advisors: Abbas Kadhim Mohammed Hafez Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2009 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Wahhabism: Is it a Factor in the Spread of Global 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Terrorism? 6. AUTHOR(S) Michael R. Dillon 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. -
Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan
Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan Johan Engvall SILK ROAD PAPER June 2020 Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan Johan Engvall © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center American Foreign Policy Council, 509 C St NE, Washington D.C. Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodavägen 2, Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan” is a Silk Road Paper published by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, Joint Center. The Silk Road Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Joint Center, which addresses topical and timely subjects. The Joint Center is a transatlantic independent and non-profit research and policy center. It has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the American Foreign Policy Council and the Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. The Joint Center is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion regarding the region. © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and -
Middle East Brief 99
Judith and Sidney Swartz Director and Professor of Politics The Changing Face of Islamic Authority in Shai Feldman Associate Director the Middle East Kristina Cherniahivsky Charles (Corky) Goodman Professor Richard A. Nielsen of Middle East History and Associate Director for Research Naghmeh Sohrabi n 2014, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry urged the Senior Fellow Abdel Monem Said Aly, PhD Igovernment of Egypt to engage the Muslim clerics on its Goldman Senior Fellow payroll to attempt to counter the terrorist group variously Khalil Shikaki, PhD known as the Islamic State (IS), ISIS, or ISIL.1 As a result, Myra and Robert Kraft Professor the highest-ranking religious official in Egypt, Grand Mufti of Arab Politics Eva Bellin Shawki Allam, spearheaded a social media campaign urging Henry J. Leir Professor of the Arabic speakers to call the group “Qa’ida Separatists in Economics of the Middle East Iraq and Syria” and urging English speakers to use the Nader Habibi acronym QSIS (and the twitter hashtag #QSIS).2 Coverage Sylvia K. Hassenfeld Professor of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies in English-language media highlighted the Grand Mufti’s Kanan Makiya role as a traditional authority in the Muslim world, with Renée and Lester Crown Professor headlines like, “Call Islamic State QSIS Instead, Says Globally of Modern Middle East Studies 3 Pascal Menoret Influential Islamic Authority.” In parallel with the campaign, Neubauer Junior Research Fellow the government body headed by the Grand Mufti, tasked Richard A. Nielsen, PhD with issuing official fatwas (Islamic religious rulings) for the Junior Research Fellows Egyptian government, released two fatwas delegitimizing ISIS Harith Hasan Al-Qarawee, PhD 4 Hikmet Kocamaner, PhD and discouraging participation in Jihad abroad. -
PERSONS • of the YEAR • Muslimthe 500 the WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2018 •
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • MuslimThe 500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2018 • MuslimThe 500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2018 • C The Muslim 500: 2018 Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer The World’s 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2018 Deputy Chief Editor: Ms Farah El-Sharif ISBN: 978-9957-635-14-5 Contributing Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary Editor-at-Large: Mr Aftab Ahmed Jordan National Library Deposit No: 2017/10/5597 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour © 2017 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, PO BOX 950361 Zeinab Asfour, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN http://www.rissc.jo Consultant: Simon Hart All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced Typeset by: M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or me- chanic, including photocopying or recording or by any in- formation storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily re- flect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courtesy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi • Contents • page 1 Introduction 5 Persons of the Year—2018 7 Influence and The Muslim 500 9 The House of Islam 21 The Top 50 89 Honourable Mentions 97 The 450 Lists 99 Scholarly -
Implications for Religious Authority in Jordan
SEPARATING ISLAM FROM POLITICS BUT NOT THE STATE: IMPLICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY IN JORDAN Scott Williamson, Ph.D. Candidate Stanford University March 2019 © 2019 by Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy This material may be quoted or reproduced without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given to the author and Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy. Wherever feasible, papers are reviewed by outside experts before they are released. However, the research and views expressed in this paper are those of the individual researcher(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Baker Institute. Scott Williamson, Ph.D. Candidate “Separating Islam from Politics but Not the State: Implications for Religious Authority in Jordan” This report is part of a two-year project on religious authority in the Middle East. The study is generously supported by a grant from the Henry Luce Foundation. Separating Islam from Politics but Not the State Introduction On October 16, 2016, Jordan’s King Abdullah II released a discussion paper outlining his vision to strengthen the nation as a “civil state,” or what he termed a state “that is governed by a constitution and laws that apply to all citizens without exception.”1 Acknowledging controversy over the term in the Muslim world, King Abdullah was careful to note that his vision “was not synonymous with a secular state,” because “in a civil state, religion is a key contributor to the value system and [...] religion is also enshrined in our constitution.” Yet the king also warned that “we will not allow anyone to manipulate religion to serve political interests or gains for a specific faction.” This vision reflects a common strategy in the region.