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Machado-Filho Pr Dr Rcla Par.Pdf (861.4Kb) RESSALVA Atendendo solicitação do autor, o texto completo desta tese será disponibilizado somente a partir de 30/01/2022. UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” unesp INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ZOOLOGIA) Descrição e comparação do esqueleto axial da Família Boidae (Serpentes, Alethinophidia) PAULO ROBERTO MACHADO FILHO Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Câmpus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Zoologia Janeiro 2020 i UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ZOOLOGIA) PAULO ROBERTO MACHADO FILHO DESCRIÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DO ESQUELETO AXIAL DA FAMÍLIA BOIDAE (SERPENTES, ALETHINOPHIDIA) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Zoologia Orientador: Hussam El Dine Zaher Rio Claro - SP 2020 Machado Filho, Paulo Roberto M149d Descrição e comparação do esqueleto axial da Família Boidae (Serpentes, Alethinophidia) / Paulo Roberto Machado Filho. -- Rio Claro, 2020 170 p. : il., tabs., fotos Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro Orientador: Hussam El Dine Zaher 1. Zoologia. 2. Vertebrados. 3. Cobra. 4. Paleontologia. 5. Anatomia comparada. I. Título. Sistema de geração automática de fichas catalográficas da Unesp. Biblioteca do Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Dados fornecidos pelo autor(a). Essa ficha não pode ser modificada. ii “Dedico esta tese a minha família, a minha mãe por ser uma mulher forte que criou dois filhos sozinha e nunca se deixou abater pelas dificuldades da vida. A minha irmã e meu cunhado pelo apoio e a minha filha, a minha motivação diária em tentar ser um homem melhor. Amo vocês”. iii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Hussam Zaher pela orientação, amizade, sugestões para o crescimento profissional e pessoal, além de ter me dado a oportunidade de trabalhar com as vertebras deste maravilhoso grupo desprovido de patas. Ao Alberto B. Carvalho (Beto) pela amizade, pelas sugestões no estudo de fósseis e nas orientações com os softwares de edição de imagem 3D, assim como, ter se desdobrado em cinco para conseguir digitalizar os espécimes para mim. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. Ao “Smithsonian Institution” pela concessão do “Grant - The Smithsonian Short Term Visitor Program”. Ao Kevin de Queiroz pela supervisão e ao corpo técnico Addison Wynn, Esther Langan, Kenneth Tighe e Robert Wilson, pelo apoio. Ao corpo técnico e curadores dos seguintes laboratórios: California Academy of Science (CAS), Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH – em especial ao Alan Resetar), Instituto Butantan (IBSP), Louisiana State University (LSUMZ), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ), Museu de Zoologia da USP (MZUSP), Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHNCu), Michigan State University Museum (MSUM), Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), University of Texas at Arlington Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center (UTACV). Ao Fausto Barbo, Leonardo Oliveira, Laura Alencar e Marco Sena, pelas sugestões durante as bancas de acompanhamento deste projeto, todas elas foram extremamente valiosas. A Gabriela Sobral e Kristin Mahlow pelas sugestões e indicações de software de digitalização 3D, reconstrução e edição de imagens. A Natália Rizzo Friol e Ernesto Aranda pelas sugestões e indicações de softwares para análises qualitativas e análises quantitativas. Agradeço a Vivian Trevine, Rodrigo Castellari e Marco Sena, pelas longas conversas, ajudas, sugestões e puxões de orelha durante toda a minha vida na herpetologia que se iniciou lá em 2008. Este estudo não teria sido concluído e muito menos eu seria o profissional que sou hoje sem o apoio de vocês. Vocês são os irmãos que a vida me deu! A Roberta A. M. Fonseca e Angele R. Martins, pelas conversas e sugestões para obtenção do Grant e acomodações em Washington-DC. Agradeço muito! iv Ao Pedro Peloso e Silvia Pavan por terem me acomodado por alguns dias durante minha estadia em DC. Me ajudando com a bagagem (que ficou no Brasil enquanto eu fui!). Muito obrigado pela amizade e pelas sugestões na vida! Ao Elias Araújo, Jéssica Colavite e Vinícius José por terem me ajudado em diferentes níveis durante a minha viagem a DC. Sem vocês esta viagem seria bem mais difícil. Ao Délio Baêta e Ariadne Sabbag, pela ajuda em DC, conclusão desta tese, por todas as conversas e momentos de diversão. Obrigado pela amizade e por me deixarem sempre eu usar o quartinho de visitantes durante as minhas estadias em Rio Claro. A todos os amigos do sapólogos de “Hell Claro”: Amanda Santiago, Anyelet V. Aguilar, Fabio de Sá, João G. Riberio, Juliane Monteiro, Marcos T. Santos (Empada), Pedrão, Priscila Lemes e Thaiz Condez. A Rose e Vanessa por sempre estarem à disposição e oferecido suporte técnico ao “Beto” na paleontologia. Assim como os colegas atuais e passados do laboratório de herpetologia e paleontologia do MZUSP: Ana Bottalo, Bruno Augusta, Bruno Navarro, Daniela França, Daniela Gennari, Ernesto Aranda, Felipe Grazziotin, Juan Camilo, Juan Hurtado, Leo Malagoli, Lucas, Natália Rizzo, Paola Sanchéz, Roberta Graboski, Vivian Trevine e Rodolfo O. Santos. A Dione Seripierri pela ajuda na obtenção de diversos artigos científicos, sem eles não teria a base para a construção desta tese. A Aline Nory, Adriana Mezini, Adriano Maciel, Alexandre Veloso, André Girotti, Bruno Augusta, Bruno Chimba, Bruno Navarro, Carla Cassini, Cláudio Souza, Diego Santana, Giovanna Montingelli, Henrique C. Costa, Iberê Machado, Janaína Nunes, Jimmy Cabra, João Chavari, Lília Mariana Frassetto, Pereira, Luiz F. Moura, Marcelo Bellini, Marcelo Sturaro, Matheus Funayama, Paulo Goldoni, Pedro Peloso, Ricardo Guerra-Fuentes, Rodrigo Tinoco, Sarah Moreno, Tayane Azevedo, Thiago Pezzutti, Victor Dill, Vitor Abrahao e Yuji Lemos. Pela ajuda em vários níveis e momentos desta tese!!! Muito obrigado!!! Ao Luiz “Iniesta” Felipe, Pedro Peloso, Rodrigo Castellari, Vivian Trevine e Victor Dill pelas sugestões com as análises filogenéticas. Em especial ao Rodrigo, Iniesta e Vivian pelas ajudas maçantes que me deram com as análises, programas e discussões! v A Jane C. F. de Oliveira, Rodrigo Castellari e Vivian Trevine, pela revisão desta tese; ela ficou muito melhor depois das sugestões de vocês! Jane, obrigado por me ajudar a “vender o meu peixe”. Muito obrigado pelo carinho e amizade trio! Por fim, agradeço a todos os colegas brasileiros que, frente ao desmonte sistemático de nossas agências de pesquisa, tentativas estúpidas de desmoralização das universidades públicas/ centros de pesquisa, e o desrespeito com os professores, pesquisadores e estudantes, jamais desistam de lutar pela educação e pela ciência brasileira, que o senso de justiça e perseverança jamais morram em nossos corações. ELE NÃO, ELE NUNCA e ELE JAMAIS. vi “Quando tudo parecia perfeito, e que nada de mais glorioso poderia surgir, eis que agora sim a perfeição se apresenta! Perfeição! Per-fei-ção. Nada a acrescentar àquela maravilha das maravilhas. Era a perfeição. Ponto final. Um esqueleto de Eunectes murinus com per-fei-tís-si-mos no-ve me-tros! 9 metros! João não acreditava. Era o representante do Brasil. Deus! O Brasil mandara como representante não um rei, mas um autêntico deus. Uma sucuri de 9 metros. Com todas as costelas intactas, as vértebras irretocáveis, sem um arranhão, cabeça, mandíbula, todos os ossos conservados naquele verdadeiro Éden da ciência moderna. João pensou em Carolus Linnaeus, que havia de estar mais do que nunca honrado em ver sua classificação elevada ao estatuto de divindade. Sua taxonomia binária encontrando as mais espetaculares espécies, reavivando o infinito fôlego dos cientistas e teólogos em seu incomparável “ Systema naturae. ” Marcelo Moraes Caetano – O esqueleto da Serpente vii Índice Resumo ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introdução geral ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Referências .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Capítulo I Descrição vertebral dos representantes da Família Boidae (Serpentes, Henophidia) Resumo ................................................................................................................................................... 12 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Introdução .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Material & Métodos............................................................................................................................... 15 Siatemática e Nomenclatura Anatômica .................................................................................
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