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Castor, Pollux and Life Histories of Fungi'
Mycologia, 89(1), 1997, pp. 1-23. ? 1997 by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 Issued 3 February 1997 Castor, Pollux and life histories of fungi' Donald H. Pfister2 1982). Nonetheless we have been indulging in this Farlow Herbarium and Library and Department of ritual since the beginning when William H. Weston Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard (1933) gave the first presidential address. His topic? University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Roland Thaxter of course. I want to take the oppor- tunity to talk about the life histories of fungi and especially those we have worked out in the family Or- Abstract: The literature on teleomorph-anamorph biliaceae. As a way to focus on the concepts of life connections in the Orbiliaceae and the position of histories, I invoke a parable of sorts. the family in the Leotiales is reviewed. 18S data show The ancient story of Castor and Pollux, the Dios- that the Orbiliaceae occupies an isolated position in curi, goes something like this: They were twin sons relationship to the other members of the Leotiales of Zeus, arising from the same egg. They carried out which have so far been studied. The following form many heroic exploits. They were inseparable in life genera have been studied in cultures derived from but each developed special individual skills. Castor ascospores of Orbiliaceae: Anguillospora, Arthrobotrys, was renowned for taming and managing horses; Pol- Dactylella, Dicranidion, Helicoon, Monacrosporium, lux was a boxer. Castor was killed and went to the Trinacrium and conidial types that are referred to as being Idriella-like. -
Octospora Hedw., a New Genus Record for Turkish Pyronemataceae
Anatolian Journal of Botany 1 (1): 18-20 (2017) Octospora Hedw., A New Genus Record for Turkish Pyronemataceae Yasin UZUN1*, İbrahim Halil KARACAN2, Semiha YAKAR1, Abdullah KAYA1 1Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Karaman, Turkey 2 Ömer Özmimar Religious Anatolian High School, Gaziantep, Turkey *[email protected] Octospora Hedw., Türkiye Pyronemataceae’leri İçin Yeni Bir Cins Kaydı Abstract: The genus Octospora Hedw. is given as new record for the macromycota of Turkey, based on the collection and identification of the taxon Octospora itzerottii Benkert. Brief description of macroscopic and microscopic characters and photographs related to macro and micro morphology of the taxon are provided. Key words: Biodiversity, Octospora, new record, Pezizales, Turkey Özet: Octospora Hedw. cinsi, Octospora itzerottii Benkert. taksonunun toplanması ve teşhis edilmesi neticesinde, Türkiye makromikotası için yeni kayıt olarak verilmiştir. Taksona ait makroskobik ve mikroskobik karakterlerin kısa betimlemesi ve türün makro ve mikromorfolojisine ilişkin fotoğrafları verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik, Octospora, yeni kayıt, Pezizales, Turkey 1. Introduction Octospora Hedw is a genus of operculate ascomycetes 3. Results within the order Pezizales and the family Pyronemataceae The systematics of the taxon is given in accordance with Corda. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and Kirk et al. (2008), and the Index Fungorum comprises 84 species (Kirk et al., 2008). The members of (www.indexfungorum.org; accessed 31 July 2017). A the genus are characterized by moss associated apothecia brief description, habitat, locality, collection date, and and ellipsoid to globose or rounded, sometimes accession number of the taxon are provided. ornamented, guttulate spores. The hyphal structure of the margin of apothecia is another distinguishing character of Ascomycota Whittaker the members of the genus (Yao and Spooner, 1996). -
Descriptions of and Comments on Some Species of Octospora and Kotlabaea (Pezizales, Humariaceae)
Nova Hedwigia 77 3—4 445—485 Stuttgart, November 2003 Descriptions of and comments on some species of Octospora and Kotlabaea (Pezizales, Humariaceae) by K.B. Khare Department of Botany, Egerton University, Njoro-536, Kenya With 14 plates Khare, K.B. (2004): Descriptions of and comments on some species of Octospora and Kotlabaea (Pezizales, Humariaceae). - Nova Hedwigia 77: 445-485. Abstract: After examining type or authentic specimens, the author provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of twenty species of Octospora. These are: O. purpurea, O. plumbeo-atra, O. indica, O. orthotrichi, O. kanousae, O. wrightii, O. insignispora, O. leucolomoides, O. humosa, O. peckii, O. musci-muralis, O. tetraspora, O. rubens, O. semiimmersa, O. subhepatica, O. euchroa, O. limbata, O. waterstonii, O. phyllogena, and O. convexula. Comments on seven further species, O. pumilata, O. moravecii, O. ithacaënsis, O. collinata, O. insolita, O. leucoloma, and O. decalvata are provided. Twenty eight species of Octospora are keyed out. Kotlabaea differs from Octospora in having ellipsoid, eguttulate ascospores and being non-byrophilic. Kotlabaea deformis, K. spaniosa, and K. alutacea, the latter 2 newly combined, are described and commented. Key words: bryophilic, discomycetes, taxonomy, Ascomycetes. Introduction The genus Octospora was established by Hedwig (1789) to include more than 22 species, one of which was Octospora leucoloma. Most species were later transferred to other genera of operculate and inoperculate discomycetes (Dennis & Itzerott 1973). Gray (1821) took up the name Octospora, which was considered a revalidation according to the pre-1981 rules of botanical nomenclature. Korf (1954) designated O. leucoloma as lectotype of Octospora Hedw. and later Khare & Tewari (1975) designated a neotype specimen for this species. -
Complement in Terms Unreplicated Haploid
PERSOONIA Volume 18, Part 1, 103-114(2002) Nuclear DNA content, life cycle and ploidy in two Neottiella species (Pezizales, Ascomycota) Bellis Kullman Estonian Agricultural University, Institute of Zoology and Botany, 181 Riia St., 51014Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: [email protected] Genome size, life cycle, and ploidy were determined for Neottiella vivida (Nyl.) Dennis and N. rutilans (Fr.) Dennis. The relative DNA content was measured from fruit-bodies size was obtained with using cytofluorometry; genome by comparison two standards: conidia of Trichophea hemisphaerioides (23.3 Mb) and a spore- print from Pleurotus ostreatus (25 Mb). Neottiella vivida and N. rutilans were found have of 750 Mb and 530 The to genomes approximately Mb, respectively. ploidy level of N. rutilans is 50, that ofN. vivida was calculated to be 70. In N. vivida, meiotic division in the where mitochondria with DNA occurs ascus apex giant a content of 60 Mb, 54 Mb, and 30 Mb were found. The similar and can be twospecies are morphologically very distinguishedonly their which is reticulated in N. rutilans and waited in by ascospore ornamentation, N. vivida. Due in the uninucleate of N. the toendoreduplication ascospores vivida, value of their nuclear DNA content is 2C. In N. rutilans, endoreduplication is not arrested the 2C value but different in Thus N. ruti- at may proceed at a rate spores. lans reveals heterogeneity in ploidy levels of sporal nuclei. In N. vivida and differences in ornamentation result from different N. rutilans, spore may patterns of the gene expression regulatedby ploidy-dependent gene. Quantification of changes in nuclear DNA has significantly contributed to a better understanding of the lifecycle ofseveral fungi (Olive, 1953; Bryant & Howard, 1969; Collins, 1979; Franklin et al., 1983;Anderson, 1982; Collins et al. -
Truffle Trouble: What Happened to the Tuberales?
mycological research 111 (2007) 1075–1099 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Truffle trouble: what happened to the Tuberales? Thomas LÆSSØEa,*, Karen HANSENb,y aDepartment of Biology, Copenhagen University, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark bHarvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: An overview of truffles (now considered to belong in the Pezizales, but formerly treated in Received 10 February 2006 the Tuberales) is presented, including a discussion on morphological and biological traits Received in revised form characterizing this form group. Accepted genera are listed and discussed according to a sys- 27 April 2007 tem based on molecular results combined with morphological characters. Phylogenetic Accepted 9 August 2007 analyses of LSU rDNA sequences from 55 hypogeous and 139 epigeous taxa of Pezizales Published online 25 August 2007 were performed to examine their relationships. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses of Corresponding Editor: Scott LaGreca these sequences indicate that the truffles studied represent at least 15 independent line- ages within the Pezizales. Sequences from hypogeous representatives referred to the fol- Keywords: lowing families and genera were analysed: Discinaceae–Morchellaceae (Fischerula, Hydnotrya, Ascomycota Leucangium), Helvellaceae (Balsamia and Barssia), Pezizaceae (Amylascus, Cazia, Eremiomyces, Helvellaceae Hydnotryopsis, Kaliharituber, Mattirolomyces, Pachyphloeus, Peziza, Ruhlandiella, Stephensia, Hypogeous Terfezia, and Tirmania), Pyronemataceae (Genea, Geopora, Paurocotylis, and Stephensia) and Pezizaceae Tuberaceae (Choiromyces, Dingleya, Labyrinthomyces, Reddellomyces, and Tuber). The different Pezizales types of hypogeous ascomata were found within most major evolutionary lines often nest- Pyronemataceae ing close to apothecial species. Although the Pezizaceae traditionally have been defined mainly on the presence of amyloid reactions of the ascus wall several truffles appear to have lost this character. -
Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) Clarifies Relationships and Evolution of Selected Life History Traits ⇑ Karen Hansen , Brian A
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67 (2013) 311–335 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A phylogeny of the highly diverse cup-fungus family Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) clarifies relationships and evolution of selected life history traits ⇑ Karen Hansen , Brian A. Perry 1, Andrew W. Dranginis, Donald H. Pfister Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Pyronemataceae is the largest and most heterogeneous family of Pezizomycetes. It is morphologically and Received 26 April 2012 ecologically highly diverse, comprising saprobic, ectomycorrhizal, bryosymbiotic and parasitic species, Revised 24 January 2013 occurring in a broad range of habitats (on soil, burnt ground, debris, wood, dung and inside living bryo- Accepted 29 January 2013 phytes, plants and lichens). To assess the monophyly of Pyronemataceae and provide a phylogenetic Available online 9 February 2013 hypothesis of the group, we compiled a four-gene dataset including one nuclear ribosomal and three pro- tein-coding genes for 132 distinct Pezizomycetes species (4437 nucleotides with all markers available for Keywords: 80% of the total 142 included taxa). This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Pyronemata- Ancestral state reconstruction ceae, and Pezizomycetes, to date. Three hundred ninety-four new sequences were generated during this Plotting SIMMAP results Introns project, with the following numbers for each gene: RPB1 (124), RPB2 (99), EF-1a (120) and LSU rDNA Carotenoids (51). The dataset includes 93 unique species from 40 genera of Pyronemataceae, and 34 species from 25 Ectomycorrhizae genera representing an additional 12 families of the class. -
Octospora Conidiophora – a New Species from South Africa
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 54: 49–76 (2019)Octospora conidiophora – a new species from South Africa... 49 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.54.34571 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Octospora conidiophora (Pyronemataceae) – a new species from South Africa and the first report of anamorph in bryophilous Pezizales Zuzana Sochorová1,3, Peter Döbbeler2, Michal Sochor3, Jacques van Rooy4,5 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic 2 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Menzinger Straße 67, München, D-80638, Germany 3 Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 29, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic 4 National Herbarium, South African National Bio- diversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 5 School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwa tersrand, Johannesburg, PO WITS 2050, South Africa Corresponding author: Zuzana Sochorová ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Haelewaters | Received 15 March 2019 | Accepted 26 April 2019 | Published 10 June 2019 Citation: Sochorová Z, Döbbeler P, Sochor M, van Rooy J (2019) Octospora conidiophora (Pyronemataceae) – a new species from South Africa and the first report of anamorph in bryophilous Pezizales. MycoKeys 54: 49–76. https://doi. org/10.3897/mycokeys.54.34571 Abstract Octospora conidiophora is described as a new species, based on collections from South Africa. It is charac- terised by apothecia with a distinct margin, smooth or finely warted ellipsoid ascospores, stiff, thick-walled hyaline hairs, warted mycelial hyphae and growth on pleurocarpous mosses Trichosteleum perchlorosum and Sematophyllum brachycarpum (Hypnales) on decaying wood in afromontane forests. -
VAN VOOREN Et Al., 2015A, 2015B) Confirmed the Paraphyly
Emendation of the genus Tricharina (Pezizales) based on phylogenetic, morphological and ecological data Nicolas VAN VOOREN Abstract: Tricharina is one of the most difficult genera of Pezizales because it is hard to distinguish morpho- Uwe LINDEMANN logically among species. To provide a more robust taxonomy, new investigations on the genus were conduc- Rosanne HEALY ted, both morphologically and phylogenetically. This study focuses on the four key species of the genus: T. ascophanoides, T. gilva, T. ochroleuca and T. praecox. The type material of these species was reviewed. In the literature, T. gilva is considered to be close or even identical to T. ochroleuca. The phylogenetic analysis Ascomycete.org, 9 (4) : 101-123. shows that all recent collections identified as T. ochroleuca appear to be T. gilva. Furthermore, the morpho- Juillet 2017 logical study of the type material of T. ochroleuca leads to the conclusion that the name is a nomen dubium. Mise en ligne le 19/07/2017 The presence of several endophytes sequences in the Tricharina-core clade suggests that this genus has an endophytic lifecycle. The confusion between T. gilva and T. praecox, both considered as pyrophilous species, is now resolved thanks to phylogenetic analyses and new data based on vital taxonomy. In contrast to T. gilva, which can occasionally grow on burnt places, T. praecox is a strictly pyrophilous taxon and belongs ge- netically to a different clade than T. gilva. In agreement with art. 59 of ICN, the anamorphic genus Ascorhi- zoctonia is used to accommodate the species belonging to the “T. praecox clade”. T. ascophanoides, an extra-limital species, is excluded from the genus Tricharina and combined in the genus Cupulina based on the phylogenetic results. -
What Is the Fungal Diversity of Marine Ecosystems in Europe?
mycologist 20 (2006) 15– 21 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycol What is the Fungal Diversity of Marine Ecosystems in Europe? Eleanor T. LANDY*, Gerwyn M. JONES School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK abstract Keywords: Diversity In 2001 the European Register of Marine Species 1.0 was published (Costello et al. 2001 and Europe http://erms.biol.soton.ac.uk/, and latterly: http://www.marbef.org/data/stats.php) [Costello Fungi MJ, Emblow C, White R, 2001. European register of marine species: a check list of the marine Marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50, 463p.]. The lists of species (from fungi to mammals) were published as part of a European Union Concerted action project (funded by the European Union Marine Science and Technology (MAST) research programme) and the updated version (ERMS 2) is EU- funded through the Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MARBEF) Framework project 6 Network of Excellence. Among these lists, a list of the fungi isolated and identified from coastal and marine ecosystems in Europe was included (Clipson et al. 2001) [Clipson NJW, Landy ET, Otte ML, 2001. Fungi. In@ Costelloe MJ, Emblow C, White R (eds), European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: 15–19.]. This article deals with the results of compiling a new taxonomically correct and complete list of all fungi that have been reported occurring in European marine waters. -
December 2016
MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 27, Issue 4 October - December 2016 A Most Unusual Year For Mushrooms in Northwest Washington, Highlighted by the Annual Fall Exhibit In a year which saw extensive fruitings of a wide range of fall mushrooms in the first week of summer, Photo by Jack Waytz the oddities were only just beginning. As a result of three consecutive years of extended hot, dry periods during the summer months, even after conditions became ideal with copious rains in late September and early October, there was a marked scarcity of many of the usual mycorrhizal suspects in the various woodland habitats of our area. These unusual circumstances underscore the importance of the health and well-being of the host trees in the symbiosis that exists between these trees and their mycorrhizal mushroom partners. Half of a 25 pound haul of lobster mushrooms, found Saprophytes, however, were undeterred, and after the unbelievably, on July 7th. rains began, they emerged in both abundance and diversity, and proved to be the stars of the Northwest Mushroomers Photo by Jack Waytz Association Annual Fall Wild Mushroom Show, to the astounding tune of over 300 species! Photo by Jack Waytz Among the most prevalent groups observed throughout the season, were the inky caps. There were prolonged and multiple fruitings of several species normally found in our area, but not in the numbers found Over 3 pounds of perfect chanterelles, and two perfect this year. At leat one species Russula xerampelina buttons, also found on July 7th on previously undescribed a local small mountain. -
<I>Phymatotrichopsis Omnivora</I>
Persoonia 22, 2009: 63 –74 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158509X430930 Molecular systematics of the cotton root rot pathogen, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora S.M. Marek1, K. Hansen2, M. Romanish3, 4, R.G. Thorn3 Key words Abstract Cotton root rot is an important soilborne disease of cotton and numerous dicot plants in the south-western United States and Mexico. The causal organism, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (= Phymatotrichum omnivorum), is Ozonium known only as an asexual, holoanamorphic (mitosporic) fungus, and produces conidia resembling those of Botrytis. Pezizales Although the corticoid basidiomycetes Phanerochaete omnivora (Polyporales) and Sistotrema brinkmannii (Cantharel Phylogeny lales; both Agaricomycetes) have been suggested as teleomorphs of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, phylogenetic Phymatotrichum root rot analyses of nuclear small- and large-subunit ribosomal DNA and subunit 2 of RNA polymerase II from multiple Pulchromyces fimicola isolates indicate that it is neither a basidiomycete nor closely related to other species of Botrytis (Sclerotiniaceae, rDNA Leotiomycetes). Phymatotrichopsis omnivora is a member of the family Rhizinaceae, Pezizales (Ascomycota: RPB2 Pezizomycetes) allied to Psilopezia and Rhizina. Texas Article info Received: 29 May 2008; Accepted: 23 February 2009; Published: 11 March 2009. INTRODUCTION Taxonomy The confused taxonomic history of the cotton root rot fungus A devastating disease of cotton in Texas, which caused large goes back more than a century. The causal agent was first numbers of plants in affected areas to suddenly wilt and die, identified by W.G. Farlow as Ozonium auricomum Link, based was first reported in the 1880s (Pammel 1888, 1889). The on nonsporulating mycelium associated with diseased roots disease has been variably called cotton root rot (after the (Pammel 1888). -
An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented In
An Inventory of Fungal Diversity in Ohio Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Django Grootmyers The Ohio State University April 2021 1 ABSTRACT Fungi are a large and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that play important roles in nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. Fungi are poorly documented compared to plants in Ohio despite 197 years of collecting activity, and an attempt to compile all the species of fungi known from Ohio has not been completed since 1894. This paper compiles the species of fungi currently known from Ohio based on vouchered fungal collections available in digitized form at the Mycology Collections Portal (MyCoPortal) and other online collections databases and new collections by the author. All groups of fungi are treated, including lichens and microfungi. 69,795 total records of Ohio fungi were processed, resulting in a list of 4,865 total species-level taxa. 250 of these taxa are newly reported from Ohio in this work. 229 of the taxa known from Ohio are species that were originally described from Ohio. A number of potentially novel fungal species were discovered over the course of this study and will be described in future publications. The insights gained from this work will be useful in facilitating future research on Ohio fungi, developing more comprehensive and modern guides to Ohio fungi, and beginning to investigate the possibility of fungal conservation in Ohio. INTRODUCTION Fungi are a large and very diverse group of organisms that play a variety of vital roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems: as decomposers (Lindahl, Taylor and Finlay 2002), mycorrhizal partners of plant species (Van Der Heijden et al.