GSM and Personal Communications Handbook for a Complete Listing of the Artech House Mobile Communications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
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University of Patras
UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & INFORMATICS P R O J E C T S EMESTER COURSE PUBLIC NETWORKS AND INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS LTE-A NETWORKS & FEMTOCELLS GKANTZOS PANAGIOTIS A.M 1051309 PROFESSOR: BOURAS CHRISTOS PATRA 2017 i C ONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1 LTE networks 2 1.1 Overview 2 1.2 Architecture 3 1.2.1 The evolved Packet Core (EPC) 1.2.2 The UTRAN (The access nerwok) 2 Femtocell 7 2.1 Overview 7 2.2 Operating Mode 9 2.3 Benefits for Users 10 2.4 Air interfaces 10 2.5 Issues 11 3 LTE-A networks 12 3.1 Overview 12 3.2 Architecture 13 3.3 MIMO Techniques 15 3.4 LTE-A Planning 16 ii 3.5 Indoor network planning 19 3.6 Outdoor network planning 21 4 Security 22 4.1 Lte security architecture 22 4.2 E-UTRAN security 23 4.3 Threats 24 4.4 Rogue base stations 25 4.5 Conclusions 27 5 Conclutions 29 6 References 30 iii iv I NTRODUCTION We definitely live in LTE era. Everyone use LTE or LTE-a (advance) networks daily by having a simple phone call to browsing the internet in a mountain with their mobile phone. But no one seems to know how it works or why it’s such a big deal. LTE is termed as ‘Long Term Evolution,’ which has taken the mobile network standard to a whole new level. LTE is the successor technology not only of UMTS but also of CDMA 2000. LTE made the big jump by bringing up to 50 times performance improvement and much better spectral efficiency to cellular networks. -
A Survey on Mobile Wireless Networks Nirmal Lourdh Rayan, Chaitanya Krishna
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014 685 ISSN 2229-5518 A Survey on Mobile Wireless Networks Nirmal Lourdh Rayan, Chaitanya Krishna Abstract— Wireless communication is a transfer of data without using wired environment. The distance may be short (Television) or long (radio transmission). The term wireless will be used by cellular telephones, PDA’s etc. In this paper we will concentrate on the evolution of various generations of wireless network. Index Terms— Wireless, Radio Transmission, Mobile Network, Generations, Communication. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION (TECHNOLOGY) er frequency of about 160MHz and up as it is transmitted be- tween radio antennas. The technique used for this is FDMA. In IRELESS telephone started with what you might call W terms of overall connection quality, 1G has low capacity, poor 0G if you can remember back that far. Just after the World War voice links, unreliable handoff, and no security since voice 2 mobile telephone service became available. In those days, calls were played back in radio antennas, making these calls you had a mobile operator to set up the calls and there were persuadable to unwanted monitoring by 3rd parties. First Gen- only a Few channels were available. 0G refers to radio tele- eration did maintain a few benefits over second generation. In phones that some had in cars before the advent of mobiles. comparison to 1G's AS (analog signals), 2G’s DS (digital sig- Mobile radio telephone systems preceded modern cellular nals) are very Similar on proximity and location. If a second mobile telephone technology. So they were the foregoer of the generation handset made a call far away from a cell tower, the first generation of cellular telephones, these systems are called DS (digital signal) may not be strong enough to reach the tow- 0G (zero generation) itself, and other basic ancillary data such er. -
HD Voice Annex C Minimum Requirements with GSM/UMTS/LTE
GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Version 1.1 22nd March 2013 Security Classification – NON CONFIDENTIAL GSMA MATERIAL Copyright Notice Copyright © 2013 GSM Association. Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association’s antitrust compliance policy. Version 1.1 Page 1 of 18 GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 ANNEX C: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MOBILE NETWORKS AND TERMINALS FOR THE USAGE OF THE ‘HD VOICE’ LOGO WITH GSM/UMTS/LTE............................................................................................................... 3 DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................... 18 Document History .................................................................................................................. 18 Other Information ................................................................................................................... 18 Version 1.1 Page 2 of 18 GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA INTRODUCTION -
Locational Guidelines for Base Stations of Cellular Mobile
Locational Guidelines for Base Stations of Cellular Mobile Telephone Service, Paging Service, Trunking Service, Wireless Local Loop Service and Other Wireless Communication Service I. RATIONALE Telecommunication pays an important role in the country's quest to achieve Newly Industrialized Country status in view of its direct and indirect long term effects on investment, employment and social welfare, economic growth and rates of capital formation. : The government's move from being a facility operator to being a catalyst for the telecommunication sector is intended to foster its growth. The government encourages the private sector to pursue the expansion and improvement of basic telecommunication infrastructure and services that are efficient and responsive to market needs such as the Cellular Mobile Telephone Service (CMTS) which is targeted to be made available in all Major Urban Centers and majority of Key Development Centers (KDC) as well as major highways and corridors connecting these centers. The CMTS serves a wide array of clientele from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial areas. This implies that cell sites/base stations may fall within any of the foregoing uses as well. With the growth of the telecommunication industry the HLURB in the exercise of its mandate to ensure rational land use by regulating land development, and likewise in response to the request of sectors concerned, saw the necessity to provide guidelines for the location of communication infrastructure proliferating at present for the protection of the providers and users, as well as the public in general while ensuring efficient and responsive communication services. This guideline intends to: a. facilitate the provision of wireless telecommunication services to the target users; b. -
XP5 Push-To-Talk General English
Push–to–Talk – General What is Enhanced Push-to-talk (EPTT)? Enhanced Push-to-talk (EPTT) is a special feature on a mobile phone that combines the functionality of a walkie-talkie or 2-way radio with the normal handset features. It provides simple communication to a group of people with just a press of a button. It allows the customer to instantly reach other EPTT contacts by eliminating the dialing and ringing steps in a regular cellular call. EPTT calls can be made to one person or to a group of people. It is also referred to as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) How does EPTT work? EPTT is based on half-duplex communication (ability to speak over the same channel but not at the same time). It uses Voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The person, who talks, keeps the EPTT button pressed, while others can only listen. Thereafter the speaker releases the EPTT button, and the next speaker presses the button and starts talking. An EPTT call will end when the caller ends the call. However, other speakers of the group can end their call session, any time. Is EPTT number different from my mobile number? No, the EPTT phone number is the same as your 10 digit mobile number. But this number should be provisioned by the operator for EPTT to work. Can I make/receive an EPTT call without using the speaker phone? EPTT calls are generally started over the speaker phone but can be changed to the earpiece at any time. You can listen to EPTT calls through your phone’s speaker or earpiece. -
Wireless Communications Methods and Services Have Been Enthusiastically Adopted by People Throughout the World
CHAPTER 1 Introductionto Wireless Communication Systems he ability to communicate with people on the move has evolved remarkably since Guglielmo Marconi first demonstrated radio's ability to provide continuous contact with ships sailing the English chan- nel. That wis in 1897, and since then new wireless communications methods and services have been enthusiastically adopted by people throughout the world. Particularly during the past ten years, the mobile radio communications indus- try has grown by orders of magnitude, fueled by digital and RF circuit fabrica- tionimprovements,new large-scalecircuitintegration,andother miniaturization technologies which make portable radio equipment smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. Digital switching techniques have facilitated the large scale deployment of affordable, easy-to-use radio communication networks. These trends will continue at an even greater pace during the next decade. 1.1 Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications Abrief history of the evolution of mobile communications throughout the world is useful in order to appreciate the enormous impact that cellular radio and personal communication services (PCS) will have on all of us over the next several decades. It is also useful for a newcomer to the cellular radio field to understand the tremendous impact that government regulatory agencies and service competitors wield in the evolution of new wireless systems, services, and technologies. While it is not the intent of this text to deal with the techno-politi- cal aspects of cellular radio and personal communications, techno-politicsare a fimdamental driver in the evolution of new technology and services, since radio spectrum usage is controlled by governments, not by service providers, equip- ment manufacturers, entrepreneurs, or researchers. -
GSM Dual-Band GPRS Digital Mobile Phone User Manual the Manual Is Applicable for R235 Mobile Phone
GSM Dual-Band GPRS Digital Mobile Phone User Manual The manual is applicable for R235 mobile phone LEGAL INFORMATION Copyright © 2010 by ZTE CORPORATION All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be excerpted, reproduced, translated or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without the prior written permission of ZTE Corporation. The manual is published by ZTE Corporation. We reserve the right to make modifications on print errors or update specifications without prior notice. Version No. : R1.0 Edition Time : 20101216 Manual No. : 079584502371 Contents Security ....................................4 Sending MMS.........................25 Safety Precautions..................4 Receiving messages.............26 Limitation of Liability ............12 Call History ............................27 Key functions ........................13 Personalizing phone ............27 Indicator icons......................16 User Profiles ..........................29 Battery....................................16 Setting alarm..........................29 Inserting SIM card .................19 View Image.............................29 Inserting memory card .........20 Play Music..............................30 Powering on/ off phone ........21 File Manager ..........................30 Writing text.............................21 WAP ........................................31 Adding a contact ...................23 FM Radio ................................32 Making and receiving calls...24 -
CDMA2000: Leading 3G
CDMA2000: Leading 3G Ewa Gawora, CDMA Development Group ITU Sub Regional Seminar on IMT-2000 September 10, 2002 Moscow CDMA Development Group CDMA Worldwide CDMA2000: Leading 3G 2 CDMA Development Group CDMA Worldwide CDMA2000: Leading 3G 3 Charter To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of CDMA-based systems, based on open standards and encompassing all core architectures, to meet the needs of markets around the world in an emerging, information-intensive environment Information Technical Service Deployment Distribution Development Assistance Conferences System Testing Time-to-Market Emails Advanced Systems Int’l Roaming Website Evolution Interoperability Etc. Etc. Etc. Membership The CDG is a consortium of over 113 member companies from around the world. Members are involved in many aspects of CDMA system deployment and support. Subscriber Value-Added Operators Operators Equipment Services Network Network Network Infrastructure Enhancement/ Interface & Optimization Access CDG Members Lightbridge, Inc. Pele-Phone Winphoria Networks Willtech, Inc. ParkerVision Inc. Sony Electronics News IQ Inc. Reliance Infocom Ltd. 6 CDMA Development Group CDMA Worldwide CDMA2000: Leading 3G 7 CDMA is the present and future of advanced wireless services Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a spread spectrum technology used in second and third generation wireless networks cdmaOne™ identifies 2G and 2.5G cellular, CDMA2000 is an ITU-approved, IMT-2000 (3G) standard PCS and wireless local loop (WLL) services CDMA2000 1X can double voice capacity and delivers data based on the IS-95A and IS-95B CDMA air rates up to 307 kbps interface standards. IS-95A supports data delivery up to 14.4 kbps while IS-95B offers up CDMA2000 1xEV is optimized for high-speed data: to 115 kbps. -
Globalised Telecom Revolution: a Survey of Wireless Communication Technology
ISSN (Print) : 2319-5940 ISSN (Online) : 2278-1021 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 9, September 2013 Globalised Telecom Revolution: A Survey of Wireless Communication technology Ravendra Ratan Singh Jandail1 , Dr. Ritu Sindhu2 Student M.Tech, School of Computing Science & Engineering , Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India1 Asst. Professor, School of Computing Science & Engineering , Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India2 Abstract: Mobile communications systems revolutionized the way of people communication, joining together and mobility during conversation. The word telecommunication is formed from the words TELE (bridging large distance) and COMMUNICATION (Conversation).Telecom has attracted many users and undergoing numerous changes, from half duplex to point-to-point , short message services , conferencing , video calling , point-to-multi- point Internet connectivity to high speed data transfer from (9.6 Kbps to 100 Mbps). In this Paper we abstracting the evolution and development of various generations of mobile wireless technology along with their significance performance of one over the other and some of the important issues pertaining to the evolution of mobile communication networks from 0th generation (which was the initiation of wireless communication).The first generation has fulfilled the basic mobile voice, while the second generation has introduced capacity and coverage. 2G followed by the third generation, which has quest for data at higher speeds to open the gates for truly “mobile broadband” experience. It was further realized by the fourth generation (4G).The Fourth generation is providing access to wide range of telecommunication services, including advanced multimedia application supported by mobile and fixed networks, which are increasingly packet based, along with a support for low to high mobility applications and wide range of data rates. -
Cellular Technology.Pdf
Cellular Technologies Mobile Device Investigations Program Technical Operations Division - DFB DHS - FLETC Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning 1. Cellular Technology enables mobile communication because they use of a complex two-way radio system between the mobile unit and the wireless network. 2. It uses radio frequencies (radio channels) over and over again throughout a market with minimal interference, to serve a large number of simultaneous conversations. 3. This concept is the central tenet to cellular design and is called frequency reuse. Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning 1. Repeatedly reusing radio frequencies over a geographical area. 2. Most frequency reuse plans are produced in groups of seven cells. Basic Network Design Note: Common frequencies are never contiguous 7 7 The U.S. Border Patrol uses a similar scheme with Mobile Radio Frequencies along the Southern border. By alternating frequencies between sectors, all USBP offices can communicate on just two frequencies Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning 1. There are numerous seven cell frequency reuse groups in each cellular carriers Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Rural Service Areas (RSA). 2. Higher traffic cells will receive more radio channels according to customer usage or subscriber density. Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning A frequency reuse plan is defined as how radio frequency (RF) engineers subdivide and assign the FCC allocated radio spectrum throughout the carriers market. Basic Network Design How Frequency Reuse Systems Work In concept frequency reuse maximizes coverage area and simultaneous conversation handling Cellular communication is made possible by the transmission of RF. This is achieved by the use of a powerful antenna broadcasting the signals. -
Cell Phones Can Operate in Either an AMPS Or a DAMPS Format
9 Wireless Telephone Service Introduction Wireless cellular mobile telephone service is a high-capacity system for providing direct-dial telephone service to automobiles, and other forms of portable telephones, by using two-way radio transmission. Cellular mobile telephone service was first made available in the top markets in the United States in 1984, and in a very short time has achieved considerable growth and success. During its first four years in the United States, from 1984 to 1988, it experienced a compound annual growth of more than 100 percent. By 1990, its subscribers in the United States numbered 5.3 million; by 1996, its subscribers numbered over 44 mil- lion. Cellular mobile telephone service is also a great success in Europe and Scandinavia, where growth rates rival, and in some cases surpass, those in the United States. Cellular telephone service was initially targeted at the automobile market, but small portable units have extended the market to nearly 215 216 Introduction to Telephones and Telephone Systems everyone on the move with a need to telecommunicate and now includes small personal units that can be carried in a pocket. One wonders whether a wrist radio telephone is only a matter of a few more years. The cellular principle has been suggested on a very low power basis to create community systems that could bypass the copper wires of the local loop—so-called wireless local loop (WLL). The basic principles of wireless cellular telecommunication are described in this chapter along with a discussion of the various technologi- cal aspects of a wireless system that must be specified. -
CDMA2000 1X Network Evolution to 3G
CDMA2000 1X Network Evolution to 3G Flavio Mansi Qualcomm International VP, Business Development March 20, 2003 From 1G to 3G Global Roaming More Capacity, High Speed Data cdma2000 1x Medium Speed Data cdma2000 1xEV WCDMA Capacity/Quality cdmaOne IS-95B Multi-Mode Roaming cdmaOne TDMA Multi-Band Mobility IS-95A GPRS GSM Multi-Network AMPS PDC 1G 2G2.5G 3G Time Slide 2 IMT-2000 • IMT- 2000 is 3G • 3G is a term coined by the global cellular community to indicate the next generation of mobile service capabilities, e. g., higher capacity and enhanced network functionalities, which allow advanced services and applications, including multimedia. • IMT- 2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) is the ITU globally coordinated definition of 3G covering key issues such as frequency spectrum use and technical standards. • Multiple radio technology options have been included in the IMT- 2000 standard to allow seamless service evolution from the various 2G mobile standards that are extensively deployed around the world. Slide 3 Leading Standards CDMA2000 1X IMT-2000 W-CDMA Slide 4 What is CDMA? • Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a digital wireless technology that was pioneered and commercially developed by QUALCOMM. • CDMA works by converting speech into digital information, which is then transmitted as a radio signal over a wireless network. • Using a unique code to distinguish each different call, CDMA enables many more people to share the airwaves at the same time - without static, cross-talk or interference. Slide 5 What is CDMA2000 1X? ! 1st commercial 3G IMT-2000 standard ! Voice Capacity ! 35 TCH / RF / Sector ! “Always On” Packet Data Rates ! 153.6 kbps peak data rate (Release 0) ! 307.2 kbps peak data rate (Release A) ! Offers 50% longer stand-by time Samsung SCH-X100 1st widely available 3G ! Backward compatible with cdmaOne handset in Korea, Nov.