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BDlTBD BY
JOHN T. MORSE, JB. ~mtrican ~tatt;111m
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
BY JOHN T. MORSE, JR. ..:n'Boa o ... LIft O• .I0BK AD,4II.,·' "UP. 01' IOIDl' QUDI'OI' ADAIIS ,! u W. 01' raOIlAS 1."&BSOl'f t" &TO.
BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY .AU riqhts reserved. ~) ) t 2, ..../ 77u Ri...... id. PreM. ClJmbridl:". M ...... U. S. A.: EI ••tro'.fpl'd ODd Printed by ll. O. lloughton /I: Compan.f· PREFACE.- JUST as I am reading the last proof-sheet of this volume, its publishers send me a c:l.talogue of their" Books of Biography." In it my eye in opportunely falls upon these discouraging words, quoted from the Hon. John Bigelow, concerning Parton's Life of Franklin: "The delightful work of Mr. Parton has left no place in English litera ture for another biography of this most illustrious of our countrymen." I am much of Mr. Bigelow's opinion. Mr. Parton has given us such an admi rable biography, so exhaustive and so remarkably happy in setting the real man vividly before the reader, that I feel that I must give something be tween a reason and an apology for th~ existence of this volume. The fact is simply this: without a life of Franklin this series would have appeared as absurdly imperfect as a library of English fiction with Scott or Thackeray absent from the shelves. The volume was a necessity, and since Mr. Par ton's work, even if it could be borrowed or stolen, would not fit the space, this little book has been wl'itten. No poor genie of oriental magic was ever squeezed into more disproportionately narrow quar- vi PREFACE. ters than is Franklin in these four hundred pages; but again necessity must bear the burden of re sponsibility. The edition of Franklin's works referred to in this volume is that of Mr. John Bigelow, published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1887-88. The edition of Bancroft's History of the United States referred to is the earliest octavo edition. JOHN T. MORSE, JR. BEVElUlY F.ARMS, August 9, 1889. CONTENTS. IL A CITIZEN 0" PIllLAJ)ELPHlA: CoNCBBlIloIB!IT IN PuBLIO A.-.-AIB8 17 IlL REPBBSE!I'1'ATIVB 0" PBl!Il!ISYLVAJrIA IN ENOLAND: RETURN HOHB • 58 IV. LIn IN PmLADELPHlA • 85 V. SBOOND MISSIOII' TO ENOLAND: L 99 VI. SBOOII'D MIssXOII' TO ENOLAND: IL 141 VIL Sl!coz,-n MIsslolI' TO ENoLAND: III. TBB Hl1TCIIIN- SOli' LBTTEBB: TIlB PmVY COIllfCXL ScI!!IB: RETURN HOHB • • 175 VIII. SERVICES IN TIlB STATES 202 IX. MINXSTEB TO FaANCE: I. DJ:A!IB AII'D BEAtl'lIlAB- CIlAlB: FOBEIOII' OFnCBBS • 217 X. MINXSTEJI. TO FaAII'CE: II. PBmoNEBS: TROUBLE WITH LI!B AIlD OTIIBBS 245 Xl. MunSTI!B TO FBAII'CB: IlL TRBATY WITH FRANCE: MOBB QUABBBLS • 264 XlL FlNAJrCIBBlNO 300 XIII. HABITs 0 .. LrFE AND OF BUSINES8: AII' ADAM8 Ill· OlDE!I'1' 333 XIV. ·PBACB NEGOTlATlOlf8: LAST YBABB IN FRANCE. 352 XV. AT HOHB: PBB8IDB!I'1' OF PBNli8YLVAl!IIA.: THE CoNSTITUTIOlfAL CoNVEliTlOIl: DEATH • 397 INDEX.- An..... AbIgail. OD PranklIn. I!IJ8. _ colonial OBI188. 223; eatab- Adama. lohn. 109. 217, 281,284,353, Usbee 8rm 01 Borta.lel & Co., 226- ~o!i~~:!:i:1Loa:' :~~e,"'2r~ :~~ =:!tW~~~J5~'i:! 214 i remarlu oonoeming Franklin, goyne'. 8UlTeDder, 267 i claims on 232. 2M, 333, a.M); in the William. cargoea of rice and indigo, 306, 306. 2ulorrel, 262; concerning rum, 273; Bedford, Duke of, 113; oppoeed to ~::t ::P~.I~~][=m:O~ Bo~~.~f:m~!~il of:r.fa&. &i.lty thore, 29()..292; .hare In tho I oachuootto Bay. 153; In aft,.;" of tho quarrel. there, 29'2; advil88 to break HutchinaoD letters and privy GOUD- up the French comUliaeion., 293, 290l i cil bearing, 183, 186. retuma bom~ 294; letter to, 318 i ' II Bon Homme Richard," 291, 298. drat.... on, and financial labors ill I Bond, Dr., aided by Franklin in .. BoU&Dd, 326-328; unpopular at the tabliahiog hospital, 40. French DOllrt, 335 i rela.tione witb Braddock, General, 60; visited. by F ...... kHn, 336. 337. 338. 340. 341. Franklin, 62; o.poditlon, 60 ., 842; return to PaN .. peace com- ,eq.; praiaea Franklin. 54. miasioDer, 356. 357; trouble with Bradford, -, editor of rival newa-- de Vergenn8&, 346-349; consequent paper, 12. ";:::.~a:~d~."':::;i=~,~ I B~~::,~~~n:~t~'::'; news of approye8 of treating without com-I Burke, Edmund, 113; on FraukUn'. municatioo with de Vergennes, 373; French milJ8iou, 230. ~ ~ ,inte:im:nT~ti:~37:i B-:,:;u:.Ui~~:wc:!:ele~~!:V::: lI'ranklin, 3&i; feud with lI'ranklin, Canada iD 1760, 78. 79. 386. U Busybody It papers, 31. Ad...... Samuol, 106. 109, 333. 414; Bute. Earl of. 104, 113. 211. oppoaea Franklin'. nomination as agent for Jdauacbuaetts., 136; pro- OamdeD,MIlrquiaof,coUll8elforPennB, jectl aNew England Confederacy, 61i pred.ictaauAmerican reYolt,SI; 209. bofrieDda tho colonie.. 117; ODtoro ~~!;d,G::e~~~~~f. 313. C=:~e~u~!ion whether to retain it ,. Art of Virtue. tt acheme for book, at peace of 17(>3, 77-82. 30-32. Carmicbael, William, 217, 317; praisea Austin, J. L., brinR'8 news of Bur-J Franklin, 341. goyne's defeat, 267; aecret misaion ICharles, Mr., agent for coJo~ea, exe-- to England, 268. cutea agreemeut as to taxatlon, 69. Chatham, Earl of. See PUI. Bache. Ricbard, marries Franklin'. Chaumont, M. Rq,y de,lenda hie house daughter, 201. to Franklin, 232. Bancroft, Edward, 258; tella story Choiaeul, Duke de, preciicta A.meri~ about Franklin'. coat, 189. 280; a independence,8'".t. apy, 221, m. Colden, letter to, 39. . Beaumarchaia, Caron de, early career, Conway, General, recetves oftlce, 113 ; 222; _to Arthur Leo. 222;.... mo... repeal of Stamp Act, 131; 422 INDEX. enters cabinet, 146; advisea a4op East India Company, oulfers by Eng. tiOD of Franklin's ideas, 281; mo lish legiolation, 173. tiOD, after news of Yorktown, 359. Conyngham, the privateenman, 245, Fiske, John I 400. 246 et .eq. Folger, Abiah, wife of JOBBph l!'ra.nk• .. Cool thoughts on the l'Tesent Situa 1in,2. . tion," etc., published, 90. Folger, Peter, 2, 3. Cooper, Sir Grey, on Franklin's Fox, Charle.. 268, attacks Lord French mission, 230. N ortb about the French alliance, Cooper, Samuel, letter as to Frank 277 i in Rockingham cabinet, 360; lin's appointment as agent for Mas difterences with Shelburne, 851, sachusetts, 137. 365, 366; retires from office, 366. Cornwallis, Lord, surrender, 358. Franklin, Benjamin, lineage, 2; birth, Cumberland, Duke of. forms cabinet, 3; intended for the church, 3; ap. 113; dieB, 110. prenticed to his brother, 4; religious CUshing, Thomas, letter to, aa to Bpeculations, 5 i runs away, 5 i be- Hutchinson'. letters, 177. ginninga in Philadelphia, 6; returna home, 'l; embarks for England, Dana, Fnmois, relianoo on lI'nmkIin, under auspices of Sir William Keith, 333,341. . Dartmouth, Lord, succeeds BillsboJ'l ;: c;:e~n~~~~Oib ~ ;~!e~~d ougb in charge of colonies, 164; re epitoph, 10, 11; partnership with latioDs with Franklin, 164 ; annoyed Meredith, 11; establishes a DeWlJoo at Governor Hutchinson's behavior, paper, 12,23; matrimoniaischemes, 165; discuBBe8 situation with Frank 13; married, 15; establishes a Ii- lin, 165-167 ; petition to, for re mova.l of Hutchinson, etc., 181; =h :~ai:~~~ ~'::::c!~c!:i achieves nothing for colonies, 191 ; morality, 24 ~ 1tUJ. i religious view8, Franklin's memorial to, 197. 24 et seq.; scheme for U The Art of Deane, Silas, 217, 229, 272, 412; chill' Virtue," 3lh"i2; letter to President acter and career, 219; arrival in Stiles, 28; project for the" Society France, 220, 'JfJ:1; instructions, 221 ; of the Free and Easy, U 33; estab relations with Bancroft, 221, 227; lishes the Junto, SS; studies lan relations with Beaumarcha.is,· 234, guages, 85 ; clerk of the General A& 235, 237; traduced by Arthur Lee,' aembly, 85; postmaster at Philadel· 235, and by Izard. 286; defended by phia, 36; invents a stove,35 ; founds a philosophical society, 36; interest ' :=~~t:r~t!:: ~:o:c;:~ in agriculture, 36; founds the Uni strong appeal to France, 266; re versity of Pennsylvania, 36; en-- turn home, 286, 290; friendly to Franklin, 393. ~~~:- 37~ =~~~~: :: UUJ: Declaration of rights, 123. Fire Company. S8; interest in mil De Grey, Lord Chief Justice, 184. itary matters, sa; "Plain Truth, It De la Luaeme, minister to StoteB, 346, 39; takes a partner, 39; elected to 857,382- various Offices, 40; commissioner to Denham,-,oiJera Franklin a clerk treat with the Indiana, 40; assists ship, 9; dies, 10. Dr. Bond to establish his hospital, Despencer, Lord Ie, breakfaat party 40; attend. to lighting and cleaning at hi. hoUBB, 134. streets, 42; postmaster general, 42 i D'P:stoing, Admiral, sail., 282. made Master of Arts of Harvard and De Weisaenstein, letter from, and re Yale, 43; deputy to an Indian con ply, 852-854. ference at Albany, 43; proposes a DiCkinson, John, 170; speech of, 93; colonial confederation, 44; writes opposition to election of Franklin aa letters on Shirley's plan for assem.. agent for Pennsylvania, 96, 97; de bly of governors, 46; early views OD sire. to petition Parliament, 204, 215. ~r;~a:;~~~d~~~:~::g c:!~:!~!i Dilllle.. rascality of, 260, 859. representation in parliament, 48; " Dispertation on Liberty and N ecessi visits Boston, 49; appointed to ty,Pleasure and Pain,"publiahed,9; supervise military expenditures, 49 ; Franklin's subsequent opinion of, 25'1 concerned in Braddock's campaign, Dnbourg, Dr., letter to Franklin, 228. 51-54; claima against the govern Dunning, Mr., counael tor Franklin, ment for advances, 54 i becomes a 185,185. oclonel, 54-56; achome for plantiDg INDEX. 423 _ Ioternal ODd __... oolonleo IDIand. 58; reputatloo· AmOOR' acientiate ill Europe, 68, hia 128-130; 8I88N willingneee of colo- ••ieteDce doubted, 68 i deputed ~ n1ee to bear tbeir ahare of publio represent PelUllfylvania iD Eugland, burdens, ]30; sudden return of 69, 62 i oppoaed to tbe proprietaries, popularity in Pennsylvania, 132 i 61, 62. embarkBt but ia long de I8Dda a gown to his wife, 132; etloN tained, 63, G& i arrival In LondOD, to inatruct Englishmen conoemiog 86; interview with Lord Gran:rille America, 133 et ..g... loot .. to u to colonial conditiona, 65; with claim of Iring of Pruaaia to England, the proprietarl... 66 ; and with their 134 i " Rules for reducing a Great oounsel, 61; finally aublJtantially Bmpire to a emall one, U 136; com.. carrl.. hla point, 69-11; proloogocl municatiOD with French govern detention lD England, 72 ; vain ment, 136; agent of New Jersey, eftone to see Mr. Pitt, '13; eocial Georgia, 8IJd Massacbusetts, 136 i amenities. 73 i frienda'lip with Stra,.. opposed iD Maaeachusetta, 137; p0si tion before Englishmen, 137 i salary, t=J ::J 8c~i;=J~Y7:~i::y'i'c:li~: 137; 8.uancial aftair., 138, 143 i tog in England, 75, 76, 85; echeme po8tm..aaterehip, 138; attempts at for matrimonial alliance for hie bribery, 139; alandered, 139; ad.. daughter. 76; and for hi. eon, 76; Yi8811 moderation, 144; on Hillsbor etfolta to induce EoglaDd to retain ough'. appointment, 150 i relationa Canada, 77-81; deprecates the idea and interview with Hillsborough, of Amerlcau Independence, 80, 81; 151-156; DO longer recognized. 811 predict. tho growth of the W.. t, ageut for Kaaaachuaetta, 156, 157; 82 i retum home and warm weI· on hod terms with HiIl8borough, oome, 83 i clloeeu to the aaaem 156; viewa .. to proper character of bly, 83; voted _ imperfect com colonial agenta, 157; worka against pensation, 83; unaJIected by ap Hillsborough, 158, and overthrows pointment of hiB BOD aa governor of him, 1~162, and is snubbed by New .leney, 84; posta) journey, 85; him, 162; argument addresaed to prognostication. couceroiog Gov Privy COUDcil about a frontier prov.. ernor Penn, 86 i opposition to the ince, 161 i never gete the grant, murdering Ii Paxton boY8, n 86-89; 163; 8U~ Hillsborougb 'e au.,.. relatione with Governor PenD, 89; oesaor, 163 i relationa with Dart.. • leader on tbe popular aide, 90; mouth, 164; again recognized as aampaign literature, 90-94; cbo&ell agent for .Masaachuaetta, 164 i cog.. speaker, to lip petition, 93; o~ veraatioD with Dartmoutb about poeed, and beaten at election for quarrel between HutchioeoD and ....aembly in 176&, 96; chosen AI Massacbuaetta aaaembly, 1~167 i agen&: for the oolony, In England, desire to reatore an earlier .tatm, 96-118; embarkation at Philadelphia 167-169; forebodings of war, 169; ADd arrival in London, 99 i position oounaela moderation, 170 i faith in and busineaa ill England, 100, 101 ; DOD-importation, 171-173, 174; em InBtructed to oppoeo the Stamp Act, the I'88UIt of the Stamp Act aod the 104; Interview with Grenville, 100; Customs Act, 173 ; eoode the Hutch oarl)' opinion .. to Stamp Act, inson lettera to Maaaacbuaetta, 176- 106-107; DO idea of Independence, 178 i eIculpatea Whately and Tem 106 i recommends Mr. Bughee to ple, 180; transmits petition to Lord dispeoso stampa at Philadelphia, Dartmouth, 181 i notified of bearing 107; consequent unpopularity at before Privy Council, 182; remarks bowe, 108, 109; falla in with public before the coUDcil, 183 i asaailed by opinion in the States, 110, 120; biB Wedderburn, 1~188; his velvet u.eeflllneM lD England, 109-112; • coat, 188; deprived of office as p0st witneaa before the Bouae of Cam. master, 190; resigns agency for mons, 118. 120; eIpressea American M"""""hUBett.. 190; hlamed by Maa view as to principle of Stamp Act, aacbusetta Aaaembly, 191; speaks 120, 122; willing to huut and ftab well of Arthur Lee, 19'2; personal for a livelihood, 122; upon tuation danger, chargu of treuon. 1~ i without representation, 122; l8y. on provinf;ial government, 194! m Americans are not subjects of paJl teniew With Chatham, 194: VJeW8 Uament, 123, 124; personal regard as to unity of the Empire, 195 i eom for George DI., 124-126; news .. plimented by Chatham in Houae of to colonial repreaentation in par Lorda, 196; irritated Ioto add ...... liament, 126-1:.18; on dill...... IJo. ing .... &ngI'J' memorial SO Lord Dan. 424 INDEX. moutb, 196-199; secret negotiati0D8l vises establishing a single represen for conciliation, 199; last day in tative at Versailles, 293; appointed England, with Dr. Priestley, 200; minister plenipotentiary to France, return home, 200: letter to Priestley, 294, 295; trouble with Lee about after Lexington and Concord, 202 ; official papers, 296; rela.tions with to Strahan, 203; services in Pro John Paul Jones, 296, 297 ; troublea vincial Congress, as to Dew petition, with Landa.is and Lee, 298, 299; R8 204; declaration for Wa.sW.ngtou, American financier in Europe, 303, 204; jesting habit, 206; plan for a 305, 307.; lends money to Congreas, union of colonies, 206; postmaster 304:; yields two cargoes to Beau general, 206; chairman of provincial marchais, 306; appeals to Thomas committee of aafety, 207; member Morris, 306; writes a pamphlet on of the assembly, 207 ; sent to confer credit of the State., 301 ; agrees to witb Waebington at Cambridge, meet interest on loan in the States, 207; sent to Canada, 208; member 307; annoyed by drafts, 308, 314, of Constitutional CODvention of 316, 827, 829, 331 i not advised COD Pennsylvania, 209; connection with cerning bills drawn, 309; vexed by Declaration of Independence, 209, demands of Lee and lsard, 310-313 ; 210; opinion as to voting power of aida the officers of the Alliance, . States in t.he confederacy, 210 ; cor 318; begging from France, 314, 320, respondence with Lord Howe,211; 321, 323; annoyed by state agents interview with him, 212-214; af seeking 10BD8, 315; applied to by fected by bloodebed, 214; letters to Jones, 315; assists Jay, 317, 318, Priestley, 216; fitness for diplo 324, 329, 330; proposee furnishing macy, 217 et 8eq.,' gets news from supplies to French fieet, 318; urges France in September, 1776, 228 ; and aelf~he1p, 318 ; meets drafts on Lau is consequently sent thither, 228; rens, 320, 322, 324 i fragment of his his voyage, 229, 230; bis arrival, diary, 322; secures a loan in Bol 228, 230-232; takes quarters at land, 324; trouble about Jackson's Passy, 232 i way of life, 232; audi purchase.. 324-326; called upon to ence given by de Vergenne.. 233; meet drafts on John Adams, 826; in connection with the Deane. demands of Morris, 326, 329, 831; neaumarchais business, 234, 236, asks remittances from America, 237; deoJinga with foreign military 327; antedated bill.. 328; personal offioers, 240-243, a politieoJ proph liability, 327, 328; demands from ecy, 24S; advises privateering, 245; Livingston, 328. 329; warned by connection with privateeramen in de Vergennes, 328; relations with Europe,246 e' ,eg.,. protects them John Adams, 333, 350; influence in against French governmental iuter France, 335; discussion of his offi. ference, 248; endeavors to effeot oiallife in France, 336-342 i annoyed exchange of prisoners witb England, by rumors from home, 343; pa 250 el .eg. " correspondence with tience, 343; effort to resilfll, 344 i ill-treated by Congreso, 344; in :=~8 o~ t~~8s~"e~e=, t~ :::t~~ yoked to aid Adams in his trouble with de Vergennes, 346-351 ; opin :!: ~ ;~~i~~n1o:i::o';il~ ions as to paper money, 351; ap- Iiams naval agent, 261; consequent trouble, 261, 262; troubled by lack ~2~~:~Y~"l::nd~' :e::a=~ of news from the States, 264; keeps episode, 352-354 ; approached by np bis spirito, 264-266; II"ts news ::!!7E!:~dt.r3M: :t;; ::~~ r. fUJ!:lti:'~UE::~d,~~ ;~: union with England, 355; as to Tespondence with Hartley about choice between England and France, French alliance, 269, 270; negoti ... S56 ; one of the Commission to trea, for peace, 358; refuses to treat sepo. :~:u!d:~~:f~~ F~~:ei!~~~ arately from France, 358, 359; op 275; writes to Hartley about peace, portune note to Shelburne, 359; 278 ; grAnted an audience ~ Louis first interview with Oswald, 360; XVI., 279; his costume, 280; hated second interview, 362; refuses to by George III., 281 ; ideas as to con-I negotiate sEliparately from France. duct of warfare, 283, 284; meeting 363; urges Jay's presenCfl, 3C~; with Voltaire, 286; sa1" a good word I aska to treat witb Oswald, 366; fOT'Deane, 2S6: more 8..'WIoultR on the agree8 with Oswald, 367; opinion part of Lee, 281-290, 293, 29ol; ad- as to Oswald'a commission, 368; INDEX. 425 erltlehu Jay'. letter, 369; dUfen I GreuviDe, 113; Franklln'. opinioa with J~y, 310, 312-374; on oompen- of, 124-126; batred. of Shelburne, MUon to Americao royalia.... , 376, 147, 148 i vezed. with Hillsborough, 3j6; antipathy to Amerioau royal- 158 i batred. of Frankliu, 281; and IlIte, 377; correapondenoe with de de WeisaenateiD, 363; makes Shel. VerKenoulUl to the eecret treatiog, bUJ'De prime miDiBter, 366. 379, 38;.1; blamed by Congress, 382 i George IV" 268- and by others, 383; viuilleated, / Hame, David, 74- Lafayette, Harqnia de, recommended Hunter, William, """""iated with by Franklin, :t43; aida Franklin to Franklin in managing the post-of raise money, 329, 331. fiee,42- Landais, Captain, his miohehavior, 298, HutchinBon, Ann.. 176, note. 299. Hutchinson, Governor Thomas, 182, Laurens, Henry, 217, 884; complaino Dote, 183; quarrela with ~ of Fnmklin, 260; drafta ou, 320, cbueette A ....mbly &lid irritetee the 322 ; on peace commission. 358; ministry, 166; his letters, 175 U friendly toward. Fraoklln, 393. 8eq. ,. position in. Masaachuaetta, Laul'ana, John, 8Xpenae8 in Bolland, 176, note; petition for his removal, 324. 181; favore arrest of Franklin, 193. Lee, Arthur, 183, 217. 270, 295; I1Jm. dero Fraoklln, 139, 192, 288, 290, Izard, 217, 290, 295; meddlea in the 291,294, 299, 393; praised by Frank lin, 192; suceeeds Franklin, 200; ~=, ;r.~~~h,~;' meets Beaumarcbais, 222 i commia 294:, 393; exorbitant demands for Biouer to France, 229; traduces money rebuked by Franklin, SlO- 313. ~e:::':!t;' ;n~ ~~~::; against Deans, 261; jealonsy of Jackson, William, demands for money, Franklin, the cake story, 272 ; makes 324,325. trouble about the alliance, 274, 275; Jay, John, 217, 383, 391; financial Dot told of departure of Deane and trouble in Spain, 303, 316, 318, 326 i Gmrd, 286; comments upon, 287; aided by Fraoklin, 317, 327, 329, general unpopularity, 288; exces 330; feelin" towards Franklin, 338, sive demands for money, 293, 310, 841, 342, 865, 393 i on peace comw 312; removed from French com missioD, 358 i comea to Paris, 366; mission, 294:. 296; bad behavior 88 Ill, 367; objecta to Oswald'. com to official papen of French COIIlIDio miaaion, 867; letter on the subject, Bion, 295; retum home, 299 i spoils 369; auspicioul of de Vergennes, a loan, 313; relies on Franklin, 338. 869, 370, 373; persuades Vaughan to Lee, John, counsel for Fraoklin, 185, go secretly to London, 370; desires 186. to treat without communication Lee, William, 217; and the Williami with de Vergennes, 373; takes aftair t 261; meddles in the French cbarge of bonndari.. and navigation mediations, 275; traduceo Franklin, of Miaaiaaippi, 374, 375; aogry at 294- congressional reproof, 882; teeti- Lincoln, Abraham, 266. Livingston, letten to, 319, 331 ; letten ::~~~~';ti=~~ 884; from, 328, 329, 382. Jeft'enon, Thomas, and Declaration of "London Chronicle." letters of Frank Independence, 210; French miBSion, lin publiahed in, 46. 229; on peace commission, 845, 358 i Loudoun, Lord, dispatched to the tribute to Franklin, 392-394, 395. provinces, 63 ; his cbaracter and be Joneo, John Paul, his doings and ..... havior, 63, 64. lationa with Franklin, 296, 291; Lonia XVI., 222, 223, 225; polite trouble with Landaia, 298; appli.. apeech to American commissioners. for money, 3]5. 279; civilities to Franklin, 395. Junto, the, established, 33 i aids in ... Lovell, James, letter to, 308. teblishing lire oompanies, as. Hadiscn, James, otory of the rising or Kames, Lord, 74; letter to, .. to the setting BUD, 406. "Art of Virtue," 31; letter to, on Mansfield, Lord, interview with Franlr: leaving England, 76; letter to, .. to lin .. to the disputes with the Penns, growth of the W.at, 82. 69; aupporta principle of Stamp Kant, Immanuel, calla FrankJin Pro Act, 117. metheua, etc., 59. Mason, J. IL, 229, 230- Keimer, Fl'anklin'. employer, 6, 11; Mather, Cotton, 2. r;.bliahea .. newspaper, and sella it, Manduit, Israel, 163. Meredith, ---, Franklin'. partDer, Keitb, Sir William; behavior to 11,12- Franklin, 6-8. Mirabeau, Comte de, eulogy on Frank Knox, agent for Georgia, lavon a lin. 113. Stamp Act, 104. Morris, Robert, lW, 303 ; in matter of INDEX. 427 '!:'= :r~~~; clemaDcIa far I :!"!t~~; ::l';""'"bac~~~= Morril, TbolD88t 217,260, 261,306. ! 147; 8tatue to, in America., 148; se cluaioD, 148, 149; FrankliD'a inter.- Ne<>li:er, Jacquea. loan to the State&, view with, 194, 195; compliments 3:!4.. I'ranklin jn Bouse of Lords, 196- It New Bnllland Courant," 5. U Plain Truth" published, 39. !foaiUea, M.lJ"quia de, IUIDOUIlO88 aW- II Poor Richard'. Almanac," 21-23. Bnoe between France and United Pownall, GDvemor, scheme for II bar- 8tlU.ea, 280. riel n colonies, 56. )IorTla, Iaaae, opeakerof Pennsylvuda Pratt, John J. See Camdero,lIIarquia "lI8mbly, 62; reaigIuI rather tbaD of• • tgn petition, 93. Priestley, Dr., conoemmg privy-coun- Korth, Lord, 361; clumoellol' of ex· eil hearing, 187; passes day with cbequer, 150; M privy council bear- Franklin, 200; letter to, at out- Ing, 187; and conciliation, 199; and break of war, 202; humorous letter Bartley, 253 i introduces OODcilia- to, 215; aud Austin, 268. tory billa after Burgoyne'. eurreDoo Pulteney,William,miaaionaboutpeace, de)', '117 i admits the alliance with 352. J'nmce, 278 ; receivell Dews of Corn wallia'. alll'NDder, 368; reaigDI,359. Ray, Catherine, letter to, 14- B,ayneval, J'. 14. G. de, views B8 to OllveJ', LieutenaDt;..(Jovem01', 184; hi. western lands, 369; aecret mission letters, 175; petition for his re to London, a:o. mO'fal,181. Bead, Miao Deborah, IIrat .... Frank lin, 6; subsequent career, 14" 16 ; O.;~, ~~~o:r:::te~:w,a~~~ marrie. Franklin, 15. See hank dilBoulties aa to his authority, 3G&- lin. Mrs. Deborah. 868 i receive8 new commission, 371 ; Rockingham, lbrquia of; bis cabinet, and treate, 372 d '"'l. 113; position 88 to Stamp Act, 117; Otl.. JlUDel, 106. biB cabinet revamped, 140, 146; on Oxford, University of, makel J"rank Franklin'. French mission, 231; Un doctor of law., 74- 88Cond cabinet, 3GO; death, 366. Robert&ou, Dr., 74- PaTton, Jame., Ute of FrankUn oited, " Rules for reducing a Great Empire," 16, 23, 36, 206, 219, 229, 231, 238, etc., 138. 268, 278, 219, 280, 401, 408, 412. Rush, Dr., 228. .. Pu.ton boys, II muaacre and riot, Rutledge, Edward, at oooferenoewith 86-88 i the affair excites hOltility Lord Howe, 212-214. toward Franklin, 89, 96. Pelham, Henry, 103. Sandwich, Lord, 8888iIa l!'!ankIIn, 195. PenD, the family of, proprietaries, re Serapia, The, 297, 298. lation. with the people, 49, 69-63 i Shelbume, Earl of, enters cabinet, and efforts of Franklin to negotiate with, hiaposition therein, 146-148; backed by Pitt, 147; opposed by Town :~t:~: "ir~;~;"i::~~~71c:r:~ shend,146-148; bated by George III., one of their number to be governor, 147,148 i superseded, 150; entertains 86; l'ranII:lin '. hostility to, miti Austin, 268; letter of Franklin to, gated. Dol, note. 369 i in Rockingbam cabinet, 360; Penn, John, made govemor, 86 i be opena talk about peA.Ce, 360; ditfer haviOl' in the matter of the P1\xton ences witb Fox, 361, arl6; scheme maaaacre and riot, 88 i hostility to. for "federal union," 362; prime ward Franklin, 89; his vetoea, 89, minister, 3G6; his pOQition in re 90. apect of the treatyt 367, 368; an Penn, Richard, Franklin'. famoua epi arbiter hetwp,pn France and the taph for, Dol. States, 370, 371 i eA.rnest in behalf Penn, Tbomaa, 49, 63, 86 i Franklin'. of Amprican royalistA, 376 i hnt famous epitaph for, 94. yields, 376 : throat from power, 378. .. Pennsylvania Gazette,It published Shirley, William, Governor, plan for by FnmkIin, 12, 13, 23; amcle. In, assembly of colonial governors, 46; 43. for representation of coloniel in Par- Pitt, William, 73, 82, 103 i OPPOAe8 liament, 48; appointe auditors for Stamp Act, 112, 115, 117; fails to claims under Braddock's expedition, 'orm • cabinet, 113; will not lake 54; quaWlcatioD8 ... 8OldieJ', 56. 428 INDEX. Si~ye .. AbM E. J. de, 413. Bhelhnme, 370, 371 ; abont the roy Slidell, John, 229, 230. alists question, 376. " Society of the Free and Easy," 33. Vergennes, Comte de, foresees Amer Stawp Act, the, WI, 103, 104, 107, ican independence, 82 i views as to 112,143,145,167,168; passed,105; aiding the colonies, 223, 225; ar Franklin's feeling about, 105 et seq. " rangements with Beaumarchaia, 226, effect in Enl'land, 114; opposed b'y 227; upon Franklin's arrival in Pitt, 112, 115; Rockingbam's P081- France, 231; gives audience to CGa tion.t 117; debate on principle of, lonial comm.i86ionel'8, 233; and the 117; Franklin'sexaminatioD mCOD colonial privateers, 247, 248 ; cbarges DectioD with, 120 et seg.,· repealed, of selfishness against, 249; secret 131 i causes of repeal, 141; opinion interview with colonial commission- as to repeal, 141,142; :fina.ucial re BUlte of, 173. ;;,;~~i~ ~~ds7~~~ St. Andrews, University of, makes applications to, 320, 323, 327, 328, Franklin doctor of laws, 74. 330; liking for Franklin, 342, 393; St. Asaph, Biehop of, 278, 395, 402, trouble with Jobn Adam. as to pa Dote, 408. per money, 345-349; and the de Steuben, Baron, introduced by Frank Weissenstein letter, 363; trusted by lin,243. Franklin, 357, 388-390 i dislikes Stevenson,lIIar;y, 100; Franklin wish- Adams, 357; influence in matter of es his BOD to marry, 76; letter to, 85. peace commission, 357; at first sug.. Stevenson, Mra., 100. gestions of pea.ce, 359, 360; amused Stile.. E ...... letter to, 28. at EnfClish propositions, 363; puz Stormont, Lord, interferes with Beau .led, 365; opinion as to Oswald's marchais, 227; on Franklin's recep. commission, a67 ; suspicions against, tion in France, 231; reply to Frank 3GS-370, 380; on the treaty of peace, lin concerning exehangeofprisonera, 378; anger at the secret treating, 250; leaves Paris, 281. 379-332. Stracbey, Henry, sent to Pari.. 372. Voltaire meeta Franklin, 285. Strahan, William, 74; offers matrimo nial alliance, 75 i letter to, on leav Walpole, Horace, on Franklin's em.. ing EngJand, 76; letter to, as to barkation, 229; and the Frencb al welcome home, 83 i letter of enmi. liance, 277. ty to, 203. Walpole, Sir Robert, 103. Sullivan, General, 212- Walpole, Thomas, 277; advice to Franklin, 197-199. Temple, --, and the Butcbineon let- Washin~n, George, 204, 241,. 264, tere, 178-181. . 296, 303, 304:, 323, 335, 340, 353, 398, Thomson, Charle.. letters to, 105, 411. 413; visited by Pennsylvania dele Thornton, Major, agent to aid prison gation, 207 i president, 405. ere, 254. Wedderburn, Alexander, Solicitor- Townshend, Charles, 104 i in charge of General, at the hearing before the colonial busineas, 102; his schemes, privy council, 183, 184, 186, 187. 102; succeeded by Grenville, 103; Weissenetein. See de Wm"s.temtein. hostility to colonies, 115 i favors re Whately, Thomas, and the Hutchinson peal of Stemp Act, 142; chancellor letters, 178-181 ; sues Franklin, 185. of the exchequer, 146; position in Whately, William, and the Hutchin hostility to Shelburne on colonial Bon letters, 178. affairs, 146-148 i proposal for colGa Williams, Jonathan, 217, 294,322; I"& nial taxation, 149; dip-a, 160. ceives appointment from Franklin, Truxton, Commodore, S96. 261; displaced, 262; ill-treated,263, Turgot, views 88 to aiciing the colGa 345. nies, 224 i displaced. 225 i on French Wyndham, Sir William, proposes to llnances, 314. Franklin to teacb 8wiDuniDg, 10. UnIon Fire Company eetabliRhed, 38. Yale Colle"" makea Franklin master University of Pennsylvania, 37. of art.., 43. Yorke. Chari.., coUD8el for Pennsyl Vaughan, Benjamin, mission to Lord vania, 67. amttftan ~tatt1Smtn Edited by John T. Morse, Jr. Each, 16mo, c1o~b, gilt top, '1.25 j half polished morocco, '2·75' Bf<;NJAMIN FRANKLIN. By John T. Morse, Jr. SAMUEL ADAMS. ~y James K. Hosmer. PATRICK HENRV. By Moses Coit Tyler. GEORGE WASHINGTON. By Henry Cabot Lodge. z vola. JOHN ADAMS. By John T. Morse, Jr. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By Henry Cabot Lodge.· GOUVERNEUR MORRIS. By Theodore Roosevelt. JOHN JAY. By George Pellew. JOHN MARSHALL. By Allan B. Magruder. THOMAS JEFFERSON. By John T. Morse, Jr. JAMES MADISON. By Sydney Howard Gay. ALBERT GALLATIN. By John Austin Stevens. JAMES MONROE. By President D. C. Gilman. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. By John T. Morse, Jr. JOHN RANDOLPH. By Henry Adams. ANDREW JACKSON. By Prof. William G. Sumner. MARTIN VAN BUREN. By Edward M. Shepard. HENRY CLAY. By Carl Schurz. 2 vols. DANIEL WEBSTER. By Henry Cabot Lodge. JOHN C. CALHOUN. By Dr. H. Von Holst. THOMAS HART BENTON. ByTheodoreRoosevelt. LEWIS CASSo By Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By John T. Morse, Jr. With Portrait and Map. z vols. WILLIAM H. SEWARD. By Thornton K. Lothrop. SALMON P. CHASE. By Prot A. B. Hart. CHARLES FRAN€IS ADAMS. By C. F. Adams. CHARLES SUMNER. By Moorfield Storey. THADDEUS STEVENS By Samuel W. McCall. CRITICAL NOTICES. FRANKLIN. He has managed to condense the whole m"ioS of • matter gleaned from all sources into his volume without losing in a single sentence the freedom or lightness of his style or giving his book in any part the crowded look of an epitome. '- The Independent (New York). SAMUEL ADAMS Tho!oughly ~ppreciati~~ and symp~- • thetlc, yet faIr and CrItical. • • • ThIS biography is a piece of good work-a clear and simple presentation of a noble man and pure patriot; it is written in a spirit of calldor and humanity. - Worcester Spy. HENR Y. Professor Tyler has not only made one of the best • and most readable of American biographies; he may fairly be said to have reconstructed the life of Patrick Henry, and to have vindicated the memory of that great man from the unapprecia. tive and injurious estimate which has been placed upon it.-Nt"UI l't>rk Evening Post. WASHINGTON. Mr. Lodge has wri~en an admirable bio- • graphy, and one whIch cannot but confirm the American people in the prevailing estimate concerning the Fathel of his Country.-Nt"UI York Tribune. OHN ADAMS A good piece of literary work.•• : It ,:ov. :J • ers the ground thoroughly, and gIves Just the sort of simple and su,,"cinct account that is wanted.-Nt"UI }'ork Evening Post. HAMILTON. Mr. Lodge has done his work with conscien- • tious care, and the biography of Hamilton is a book which cannot have too many readers. It is more than a bio graphy; it is a study in the science of government. - St. Paul Pioneer Press. MORRIS Mr. Roosevelt has produced an animated and in. • tensely interesting biographical volume. • • • Mr. Roosevelt never loses sight of the picturesque background of poli tics, war-governments, and diplomacy. -Magasine ".I American Du. tor)! (New York). ~A y. It is an Important addition to the admirable series o( J. • .. American Statesmen," and elevates yet higher tbe charac ter of a man whom all American patriots most delight to honor. Nt"UI York Tribune. MARSHALL WeI! done, with si~plicitr,.c\earness, pr~cision, • and Judgment, and m a~pmt of moderatIOn a»d eQ.uity A valuable addition to the series.-Nt"UI York Tribune. 'YEFFERSON. A singularly just. well-proportioned, and It) J' • teresting sketch of the personal and political career of the author of the Declaration of Independence. - B OS/OII 'Journal. MADISON. The execution of the work deserves the highest • praise. It is very readable. in a bright and vigor. ous style. and is marked by unity and consecutiveness of plan. - Tiu Nation (New York). GALLATIN. It is one of the most carefully prepa~ed ~f ~hese • very valuable volumes, ••• aboundmg m mfor. mation not so readily accessible as is that pertaining to men more often treated by tbe biographer. - Boston Cwrespondent Hartford Courant. uONROE ' President Gilman has made the most of his hero, I'~ , • without the least hero-worship, and has done full illstice to Mr. Monroe's" relations to the public service during half a century." ..• The appendix is peculiarl}' valuable for its synopsis of Monroe's Presidential Messages, and Its extensive Bibliography of Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine. - No Yo Christian Intellig-mcer. OHN QUINCY ADAMS. That Mr. Morse's conclusions :J will in the main be those of posterity we have very little doubt, and he haa set an admirable example to his coadjutors in respect of interesting narrative, just pro portion, and judicial candor. - New }'wk Even.n/{ Post. RANDOLPH. The book has been to me intensely interesting. . . .. It is rich in new facts and side lights, and is worthy of its place in the alr