DIIananjay_ Gadgil Library Imlmllmmlmmmn GlPE-PUNE-002942 imtricatl ~tatt~mttl BDlTBD BY JOHN T. MORSE, JB. ~mtrican ~tatt;111m BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BY JOHN T. MORSE, JR. ..:n'Boa o ... LIft O• .I0BK AD,4II.,·' "UP. 01' IOIDl' QUDI'OI' ADAIIS ,! u W. 01' raOIlAS 1."&BSOl'f t" &TO. BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY <atbr ftmrNibr Il'trii. € amfJribgt Copyright, 1889. By JOHN T. MORSE. JB. .AU riqhts reserved. ~) ) t 2, ..../ 77u Ri...... id. PreM. ClJmbridl:". M ........ U. S. A.: EI ••tro'.fpl'd ODd Printed by ll. O. lloughton /I: Compan.f· PREFACE.- JUST as I am reading the last proof-sheet of this volume, its publishers send me a c:l.talogue of their" Books of Biography." In it my eye in­ opportunely falls upon these discouraging words, quoted from the Hon. John Bigelow, concerning Parton's Life of Franklin: "The delightful work of Mr. Parton has left no place in English litera­ ture for another biography of this most illustrious of our countrymen." I am much of Mr. Bigelow's opinion. Mr. Parton has given us such an admi­ rable biography, so exhaustive and so remarkably happy in setting the real man vividly before the reader, that I feel that I must give something be­ tween a reason and an apology for th~ existence of this volume. The fact is simply this: without a life of Franklin this series would have appeared as absurdly imperfect as a library of English fiction with Scott or Thackeray absent from the shelves. The volume was a necessity, and since Mr. Par­ ton's work, even if it could be borrowed or stolen, would not fit the space, this little book has been wl'itten. No poor genie of oriental magic was ever squeezed into more disproportionately narrow quar- vi PREFACE. ters than is Franklin in these four hundred pages; but again necessity must bear the burden of re­ sponsibility. The edition of Franklin's works referred to in this volume is that of Mr. John Bigelow, published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1887-88. The edition of Bancroft's History of the United States referred to is the earliest octavo edition. JOHN T. MORSE, JR. BEVElUlY F.ARMS, August 9, 1889. CONTENTS. IL A CITIZEN 0" PIllLAJ)ELPHlA: CoNCBBlIloIB!IT IN PuBLIO A.-.-AIB8 17 IlL REPBBSE!I'1'ATIVB 0" PBl!Il!ISYLVAJrIA IN ENOLAND: RETURN HOHB • 58 IV. LIn IN PmLADELPHlA • 85 V. SBOOND MISSIOII' TO ENOLAND: L 99 VI. SBOOII'D MIssXOII' TO ENOLAND: IL 141 VIL Sl!coz,-n MIsslolI' TO ENoLAND: III. TBB Hl1TCIIIN- SOli' LBTTEBB: TIlB PmVY COIllfCXL ScI!!IB: RETURN HOHB • • 175 VIII. SERVICES IN TIlB STATES 202 IX. MINXSTEB TO FaANCE: I. DJ:A!IB AII'D BEAtl'lIlAB- CIlAlB: FOBEIOII' OFnCBBS • 217 X. MINXSTEJI. TO FaAII'CE: II. PBmoNEBS: TROUBLE WITH LI!B AIlD OTIIBBS 245 Xl. MunSTI!B TO FBAII'CB: IlL TRBATY WITH FRANCE: MOBB QUABBBLS • 264 XlL FlNAJrCIBBlNO 300 XIII. HABITs 0 .. LrFE AND OF BUSINES8: AII' ADAM8 Ill· OlDE!I'1' 333 XIV. ·PBACB NEGOTlATlOlf8: LAST YBABB IN FRANCE. 352 XV. AT HOHB: PBB8IDB!I'1' OF PBNli8YLVAl!IIA.: THE CoNSTITUTIOlfAL CoNVEliTlOIl: DEATH • 397 INDEX.- An..... AbIgail. OD PranklIn. I!IJ8. _ colonial OBI188. 223; eatab- Adama. lohn. 109. 217, 281,284,353, Usbee 8rm 01 Borta.lel & Co., 226- ~o!i~~:!:i:1Loa:' :~~e,"'2r~ :~~ =:!tW~~~J5~'i:! 214 i remarlu oonoeming Franklin, goyne'. 8UlTeDder, 267 i claims on 232. 2M, 333, a.M); in the William. cargoea of rice and indigo, 306, 306. 2ulorrel, 262; concerning rum, 273; Bedford, Duke of, 113; oppoeed to ~::t ::P~.I~~][=m:O~ Bo~~.~f:m~!~il of:r.fa&. &i.lty thore, 29()..292; .hare In tho I oachuootto Bay. 153; In aft,.;" of tho quarrel. there, 29'2; advil88 to break HutchinaoD letters and privy GOUD- up the French comUliaeion., 293, 290l i cil bearing, 183, 186. retuma bom~ 294; letter to, 318 i ' II Bon Homme Richard," 291, 298. drat.... on, and financial labors ill I Bond, Dr., aided by Franklin in .. BoU&Dd, 326-328; unpopular at the tabliahiog hospital, 40. French DOllrt, 335 i rela.tione witb Braddock, General, 60; visited. by F ...... kHn, 336. 337. 338. 340. 341. Franklin, 62; o.poditlon, 60 ., 842; return to PaN .. peace com- ,eq.; praiaea Franklin. 54. miasioDer, 356. 357; trouble with Bradford, -, editor of rival newa-- de Vergenn8&, 346-349; consequent paper, 12. ";:::.~a:~d~."':::;i=~,~ I B~~::,~~~n:~t~'::'; news of approye8 of treating without com-I Burke, Edmund, 113; on FraukUn'. municatioo with de Vergennes, 373; French milJ8iou, 230. ~ ~ ,inte:im:nT~ti:~37:i B-:,:;u:.Ui~~:wc:!:ele~~!:V::: lI'ranklin, 3&i; feud with lI'ranklin, Canada iD 1760, 78. 79. 386. U Busybody It papers, 31. Ad...... Samuol, 106. 109, 333. 414; Bute. Earl of. 104, 113. 211. oppoaea Franklin'. nomination as agent for Jdauacbuaetts., 136; pro- OamdeD,MIlrquiaof,coUll8elforPennB, jectl aNew England Confederacy, 61i pred.ictaauAmerican reYolt,SI; 209. bofrieDda tho colonie.. 117; ODtoro ~~!;d,G::e~~~~~f. 313. C=:~e~u~!ion whether to retain it ,. Art of Virtue. tt acheme for book, at peace of 17(>3, 77-82. 30-32. Carmicbael, William, 217, 317; praisea Austin, J. L., brinR'8 news of Bur-J Franklin, 341. goyne's defeat, 267; aecret misaion ICharles, Mr., agent for coJo~ea, exe-- to England, 268. cutea agreemeut as to taxatlon, 69. Chatham, Earl of. See PUI. Bache. Ricbard, marries Franklin'. Chaumont, M. Rq,y de,lenda hie house daughter, 201. to Franklin, 232. Bancroft, Edward, 258; tella story Choiaeul, Duke de, preciicta A.meri~ about Franklin'. coat, 189. 280; a independence,8'".t. apy, 221, m. Colden, letter to, 39. Beaumarchaia, Caron de, early career, Conway, General, recetves oftlce, 113 ; 222; _to Arthur Leo. 222;.... mo... repeal of Stamp Act, 131; 422 INDEX. enters cabinet, 146; advisea a4op­ East India Company, oulfers by Eng. tiOD of Franklin's ideas, 281; mo­ lish legiolation, 173. tiOD, after news of Yorktown, 359. Conyngham, the privateenman, 245, Fiske, John I 400. 246 et .eq. Folger, Abiah, wife of JOBBph l!'ra.nk• .. Cool thoughts on the l'Tesent Situa­ 1in,2. tion," etc., published, 90. Folger, Peter, 2, 3. Cooper, Sir Grey, on Franklin's Fox, Charle.. 268, attacks Lord French mission, 230. N ortb about the French alliance, Cooper, Samuel, letter as to Frank­ 277 i in Rockingham cabinet, 360; lin's appointment as agent for Mas­ difterences with Shelburne, 851, sachusetts, 137. 365, 366; retires from office, 366. Cornwallis, Lord, surrender, 358. Franklin, Benjamin, lineage, 2; birth, Cumberland, Duke of. forms cabinet, 3; intended for the church, 3; ap.­ 113; dieB, 110. prenticed to his brother, 4; religious CUshing, Thomas, letter to, aa to Bpeculations, 5 i runs away, 5 i be-­ Hutchinson'. letters, 177. ginninga in Philadelphia, 6; returna home, 'l; embarks for England, Dana, Fnmois, relianoo on lI'nmkIin, under auspices of Sir William Keith, 333,341. Dartmouth, Lord, succeeds BillsboJ'l­ ;: c;:e~n~~~~Oib ~ ;~!e~~d ougb in charge of colonies, 164; re­ epitoph, 10, 11; partnership with latioDs with Franklin, 164 ; annoyed Meredith, 11; establishes a DeWlJoo at Governor Hutchinson's behavior, paper, 12,23; matrimoniaischemes, 165; discuBBe8 situation with Frank­ 13; married, 15; establishes a Ii- lin, 165-167 ; petition to, for re­ mova.l of Hutchinson, etc., 181; =h :~ai:~~~ ~'::::c!~c!:i achieves nothing for colonies, 191 ; morality, 24 ~ 1tUJ. i religious view8, Franklin's memorial to, 197. 24 et seq.; scheme for U The Art of Deane, Silas, 217, 229, 272, 412; chill'­ Virtue," 3lh"i2; letter to President acter and career, 219; arrival in Stiles, 28; project for the" Society France, 220, 'JfJ:1; instructions, 221 ; of the Free and Easy, U 33; estab­ relations with Bancroft, 221, 227; lishes the Junto, SS; studies lan­ relations with Beaumarcha.is,· 234, guages, 85 ; clerk of the General A&­ 235, 237; traduced by Arthur Lee,' aembly, 85; postmaster at Philadel· 235, and by Izard. 286; defended by phia, 36; invents a stove,35 ; founds a philosophical society, 36; interest ' :=~~t:r~t!:: ~:o:c;:~ in agriculture, 36; founds the Uni­ strong appeal to France, 266; re­ versity of Pennsylvania, 36; en-- turn home, 286, 290; friendly to Franklin, 393. ~~~:- 37~ =~~~~: :: UUJ: Declaration of rights, 123. Fire Company. S8; interest in mil­ De Grey, Lord Chief Justice, 184. itary matters, sa; "Plain Truth, It De la Luaeme, minister to StoteB, 346, 39; takes a partner, 39; elected to 857,382- various Offices, 40; commissioner to Denham,-,oiJera Franklin a clerk­ treat with the Indiana, 40; assists ship, 9; dies, 10. Dr. Bond to establish his hospital, Despencer, Lord Ie, breakfaat party 40; attend. to lighting and cleaning at hi. hoUBB, 134. streets, 42; postmaster general, 42 i D'P:stoing, Admiral, sail., 282. made Master of Arts of Harvard and De Weisaenstein, letter from, and re­ Yale, 43; deputy to an Indian con­ ply, 852-854. ference at Albany, 43; proposes a DiCkinson, John, 170; speech of, 93; colonial confederation, 44; writes opposition to election of Franklin aa letters on Shirley's plan for assem.. agent for Pennsylvania, 96, 97; de­ bly of governors, 46; early views OD sire. to petition Parliament, 204, 215. ~r;~a:;~~~d~~~:~::g c:!~:!~!i Dilllle.. rascality of, 260, 859. representation in parliament, 48; " Dispertation on Liberty and N ecessi­ visits Boston, 49; appointed to ty,Pleasure and Pain,"publiahed,9; supervise military expenditures, 49 ; Franklin's subsequent opinion of, 25'1 concerned in Braddock's campaign, Dnbourg, Dr., letter to Franklin, 228.