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Rock Art, Ranch, and Residence: Cultural Resources in Oro Valley

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Rock Art, Ranch, and Residence: Cultural Resources in Oro Valley Rock Art, Ranch, and Residence: Cultural Resources in the Town of Oro Valley and Its Planning Area FINAL REPORT Prepared by Scott O’Mack, M.A. With contributions by Michael J. Boley, Ralph Comey, Brandon Gabler, Melanie Medeiros, Janet Parkhurst, Poster Frost Associates, John C. Ravesloot, and Trevor Self Submitted to Town of Oro Valley Planning and Zoning Department 11000 N. La Cañada Drive Oro Valley, AZ 85737 WSA Technical Report No. 2009-51 January 2010 WIlliam Self Associates, Inc. 2424 E. Broadway Blvd., Suite 100 Tucson, Arizona 85719 (520) 624-0101 Rock Art, Ranch, and Residence: Cultural Resources in the Town of Oro Valley and Its Planning Area Prepared by Scott O’Mack, M.A. With contributions by Michael J. Boley, Ralph Comey, Brandon Gabler, Melanie Medeiros, Janet Parkhurst, Poster Frost Associates, John C. Ravesloot, and Trevor Self Submitted by John C. Ravesloot, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Prepared for Town of Oro Valley Planning and Zoning Department 11000 N. La Cañada Drive Oro Valley, AZ 85737 Town of Oro Valley Mayor Paul H. Loomis Vice Mayor William Garner Council Member K. C. Carter Council Member Barry Gillaspie Council Member Al Kunisch Council Member Salette Latas Council Member Patricia Spoerl, Ph.D. Oro Valley Historic Preservation Commission Daniel Zwiener, Chair Lois Nagy, Vice Chair Robert Baughman Ed Hannon Sam McClung, Ph.D. Valerie Pullara January 2010 WSA Technical Report No. 2009-51 William Self Associates, Inc. 2424 E. Broadway Blvd., Suite 100 Tucson, Arizona 85719 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the results of an inventory of cultural resources in the Town of Oro Valley and its larger planning area, prepared through a combination of archival research, historic context development, limited field survey, and evaluation. The inventory will be used by the town in future efforts to document and evaluate cultural resources in the community, and in the development of an overall historic preservation plan. The inventory showed that about 35 percent of the Town of Oro Valley and its larger planning area (a total area of about 49,500 acres; referred to here as the study area) has been formally surveyed for cultural resources. Beginning in 1976, 157 surveys of various sizes have identified 185 archaeological sites in the study area. Of the 185 sites, 160 are exclusively prehistoric in date, 17 are exclusively historic, and 8 have both prehistoric and historic components. Only a small percentage of these sites have been evaluated for National Register of Historic Places eligibility, and only two sites are currently listed on the National Register. The current condition of many of these sites, some first recorded decades ago, is unknown. Three large prehistoric village sites— Honey Bee Village, Sleeping Snake Village, and Romero Ruin—have been the focus of almost all of the archaeological excavations in the study area; all three have yielded important information on the Hohokam culture of the Tucson Basin. One of the National Register–listed properties in the study area, the Steam Pump Ranch, is notable both for its important association with the early historic period along the Cañada del Oro and for its preservation of examples of early ranching-related architecture, including the original residence of the ranch owner, George Pusch. The Steam Pump Ranch is also an archaeological site and may preserve significant buried features associated with its early history. The inventory also showed that the study area holds two important examples of architect- designed residences from the first half of the twentieth century, and at least four post–World War II subdivisions that may be eligible for the National Register as residential historic districts. Although the Town of Oro Valley was incorporated in 1974, just 35 years ago, a significant number of the subdivisions that were developed during the two decades before incorporation are now approaching 50 years of age, the usually accepted minimum age for National Register eligibility. The four early subdivisions that are already probable National Register candidates—Campo Bello, Oro Valley Estates, Shadow Mountain Estates, and Suffolk Hills—are an indication of the steadily increasing historic significance of an area that is often considered simply a recent addition to the landscape of metropolitan Tucson. The inventory concludes with general recommendations for long-term planning by the Town of Oro Valley, and specific recommendations for a second phase of the inventory. The second phase will include the preparation of a preservation plan based on the inventory, and the expansion of public outreach to more fully engage the Oro Valley community in the identification and protection of its many cultural resources. i TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii List of Appendixes ........................................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 Project Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Method of Approach ............................................................................................................................... 4 Archival Research ................................................................................................................................ 6 Narrative of Prehistory and History .................................................................................................... 7 Historic Contexts ................................................................................................................................. 7 Initial Survey of Cultural Resources .................................................................................................... 7 Organization of the Report ...................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE HISTORY IN THE ORO VALLEY STUDY AREA ....................... 9 Paleoindian Period ................................................................................................................................... 9 Archaic and Early Agricultural Periods ..................................................................................................... 9 Formative Period ................................................................................................................................... 11 Early Ceramic Period ......................................................................................................................... 12 Hohokam Culture .............................................................................................................................. 12 Pioneer Period .................................................................................................................................. 12 Colonial Period.................................................................................................................................. 13 Sedentary Period .............................................................................................................................. 13 Classic Period .................................................................................................................................... 14 Native Americans of the Protohistoric and Historic Periods .................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND SURVEYS IN THE STUDY AREA ........................................ 19 Archaeological Survey Coverage in the Study Area ............................................................................... 19 Catalina State Park Surveys (1973–1999) ......................................................................................... 29 Northern Tucson Basin Survey (1980–1987) .................................................................................... 30 Rancho Vistoso Surveys (1980–2007) ............................................................................................... 30 Archaeological Sensitivity in the Study Area ......................................................................................... 31 Archaeological Sensitivity in the Arroyo Grande Planning Area ....................................................... 32 Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites in the Study Area ................................................................. 33 Honey Bee Village (AZ BB:9:88 [ASM]) ............................................................................................. 33 Romero Ruin (AZ BB:9:1 [ASM]) ....................................................................................................... 48 Sleeping Snake Village (AZ BB:9:104 [ASM]) ..................................................................................... 49 Historic Archaeological Sites in the Study Area ................................................................................ 50 Sites and Districts on the National Register of Historic Places ........................................................
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