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Encoding H.264 Video for Streaming and Progressive Download
W4: KEY ENCODING SKILLS, TECHNOLOGIES TECHNIQUES STREAMING MEDIA EAST - 2019 Jan Ozer www.streaminglearningcenter.com [email protected]/ 276-235-8542 @janozer Agenda • Introduction • Lesson 5: How to build encoding • Lesson 1: Delivering to Computers, ladder with objective quality metrics Mobile, OTT, and Smart TVs • Lesson 6: Current status of CMAF • Lesson 2: Codec review • Lesson 7: Delivering with dynamic • Lesson 3: Delivering HEVC over and static packaging HLS • Lesson 4: Per-title encoding Lesson 1: Delivering to Computers, Mobile, OTT, and Smart TVs • Computers • Mobile • OTT • Smart TVs Choosing an ABR Format for Computers • Can be DASH or HLS • Factors • Off-the-shelf player vendor (JW Player, Bitmovin, THEOPlayer, etc.) • Encoding/transcoding vendor Choosing an ABR Format for iOS • Native support (playback in the browser) • HTTP Live Streaming • Playback via an app • Any, including DASH, Smooth, HDS or RTMP Dynamic Streaming iOS Media Support Native App Codecs H.264 (High, Level 4.2), HEVC Any (Main10, Level 5 high) ABR formats HLS Any DRM FairPlay Any Captions CEA-608/708, WebVTT, IMSC1 Any HDR HDR10, DolbyVision ? http://bit.ly/hls_spec_2017 iOS Encoding Ladders H.264 HEVC http://bit.ly/hls_spec_2017 HEVC Hardware Support - iOS 3 % bit.ly/mobile_HEVC http://bit.ly/glob_med_2019 Android: Codec and ABR Format Support Codecs ABR VP8 (2.3+) • Multiple codecs and ABR H.264 (3+) HLS (3+) technologies • Serious cautions about HLS • DASH now close to 97% • HEVC VP9 (4.4+) DASH 4.4+ Via MSE • Main Profile Level 3 – mobile HEVC (5+) -
IP-Soc Shanghai 2017 ALLEGRO Presentation FINAL
Building an Area-optimized Multi-format Video Encoder IP Tomi Jalonen VP Sales www.allegrodvt.com Allegro DVT Founded in 2003 Privately owned, based in Grenoble (France) Two product lines: 1) Industry de-facto standard video compliance streams Decoder syntax, performance and error resilience streams for H.264|MVC, H.265/SHVC, VP9, AVS2 and AV1 System compliance streams 2) Leading semiconductor video IP Multi-format encoder IP for H.264, H.265, VP9, JPEG Multi-format decoder IP for H.264, H.265, VP9, JPEG WiGig IEEE 802.11ad WDE CODEC IP 2 Evolution of Video Coding Standards International standards defined by standardization bodies such as ITU-T and ISO/IEC H.261 (1990) MPEG-1 (1993) H.262 / MPEG-2 (1995) H.263 (1996) MPEG-4 Part 2 (1999) H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 Part 10 (2003) H.265 / HEVC (2013) Future Video Coding (“FVC”) MPEG and ISO "Preliminary Joint Call for Evidence on Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC.” (202?) Incremental improvements of transform-based & motion- compensated hybrid video coding schemes to meet the ever increasing resolution and frame rate requirements 3 Regional Video Standards SMPTE standards in the US VC-1 (2006) VC-2 (2008) China Information Industry Department standards AVS (2005) AVS+ (2012) AVS2.0 (2016) 4 Proprietary Video Formats Sorenson Spark On2 VP6, VP7 RealVideo DivX Popular in the past partly due to technical merits but mainly due to more suitable licensing schemes to a given application than standard video video formats with their patent royalties. 5 Royalty-free Video Formats Xiph.org Foundation -
Efficient Multi-Codec Support for OTT Services: HEVC/H.265 And/Or AV1?
Efficient Multi-Codec Support for OTT Services: HEVC/H.265 and/or AV1? Christian Timmerer†,‡, Martin Smole‡, and Christopher Mueller‡ ‡Bitmovin Inc., †Alpen-Adria-Universität San Francisco, CA, USA and Klagenfurt, Austria, EU ‡{firstname.lastname}@bitmovin.com, †{firstname.lastname}@itec.aau.at Abstract – The success of HTTP adaptive streaming is un- multiple versions (e.g., different resolutions and bitrates) and disputed and technical standards begin to converge to com- each version is divided into predefined pieces of a few sec- mon formats reducing market fragmentation. However, other onds (typically 2-10s). A client first receives a manifest de- obstacles appear in form of multiple video codecs to be sup- scribing the available content on a server, and then, the client ported in the future, which calls for an efficient multi-codec requests pieces based on its context (e.g., observed available support for over-the-top services. In this paper, we review the bandwidth, buffer status, decoding capabilities). Thus, it is state of the art of HTTP adaptive streaming formats with re- able to adapt the media presentation in a dynamic, adaptive spect to new services and video codecs from a deployment way. perspective. Our findings reveal that multi-codec support is The existing different formats use slightly different ter- inevitable for a successful deployment of today's and future minology. Adopting DASH terminology, the versions are re- services and applications. ferred to as representations and pieces are called segments, which we will use henceforth. The major differences between INTRODUCTION these formats are shown in Table 1. We note a strong differ- entiation in the manifest format and it is expected that both Today's over-the-top (OTT) services account for more than MPEG's media presentation description (MPD) and HLS's 70 percent of the internet traffic and this number is expected playlist (m3u8) will coexist at least for some time. -
Bitmovin's “Video Developer Report 2018,”
MPEG MPEG VAST VAST HLS HLS DASH DASH H.264 H.264 AV1 AV1 HLS NATIVE NATIVE CMAF CMAF RTMP RTMP VP9 VP9 ANDROID ANDROID ROKU ROKU HTML5 HTML5 Video Developer MPEG VAST4.0 MPEG VAST4.0 HLS HLS DASH DASH Report 2018 H.264 H.264 AV1 AV1 NATIVE NATIVE CMAF CMAF ROKU RTMP ROKU RTMP VAST4.0 VAST4.0 VP9 VP9 ANDROID ANDROID HTML5 HTML5 DRM DRM MPEG MPEG VAST VAST DASH DASH AV1 HLS AV1 HLS NATIVE NATIVE H.264 H.264 CMAF CMAF RTMP RTMP VP9 VP9 ANDROID ANDROID ROKU ROKU MPEG VAST4.0 MPEG VAST4.0 HLS HLS DASH DASH H.264 H.264 AV1 AV1 NATIVE NATIVE CMAF CMAF ROKU ROKU Welcome to the 2018 Video Developer Report! First and foremost, I’d like to thank everyone for making the 2018 Video Developer Report possible! In its second year the report is wider both in scope and reach. With 456 survey submissions from over 67 countries, the report aims to provide a snapshot into the state of video technology in 2018, as well as a vision into what will be important in the next 12 months. This report would not be possible without the great support and participation of the video developer community. Thank you for your dedication to figuring it out. To making streaming video work despite the challenges of limited bandwidth and a fragmented consumer device landscape. We hope this report provides you with insights into what your peers are working on and the pain points that we are all experiencing. We have already learned a lot and are looking forward to the 2019 Video Developer Survey a year from now! Best Regards, StefanStefan Lederer Lederer CEO, Bitmovin Page 1 Key findings In 2018 H.264/AVC dominates video codec usage globally, used by 92% of developers in the survey. -
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Optimized AV1 Inter
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Optimized AV1 Inter Prediction using Binary classification techniques A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Software Engineering by Alex Kit Romero May 2020 The graduate project of Alex Kit Romero is approved: ____________________________________ ____________ Dr. Katya Mkrtchyan Date ____________________________________ ____________ Dr. Kyle Dewey Date ____________________________________ ____________ Dr. John J. Noga, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Dedication This project is dedicated to all of the Computer Science professors that I have come in contact with other the years who have inspired and encouraged me to pursue a career in computer science. The words and wisdom of these professors are what pushed me to try harder and accomplish more than I ever thought possible. I would like to give a big thanks to the open source community and my fellow cohort of computer science co-workers for always being there with answers to my numerous questions and inquiries. Without their guidance and expertise, I could not have been successful. Lastly, I would like to thank my friends and family who have supported and uplifted me throughout the years. Thank you for believing in me and always telling me to never give up. iii Table of Contents Signature Page ................................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... -
Video Developer Report 2017 Welcome to Bitmovin’S Video Developer Report!
Video Developer Report 2017 Welcome to Bitmovin’s Video Developer Report! First and foremost, I’d like to thank everyone for making the 2017 Video Developer Survey possible! Without the great support and participation of the video developer community, we would not be able to create this report and share the insights into how developers around the globe work with video. With 380 survey submissions from over 50 countries, this report aims to give an overview of the status of video technology in 2017, as well as a vision into what will be important to video developers in the next 12 months. We hope this report provides helpful information. We have already learned a lot, and are looking forward to the 2018 Video Developer Survey a year from now! Best Regards, Stefan Lederer Stefan Lederer CEO, Bitmovin Page 2 Key findings Apple HLS is the dominant format in video streaming in 2017, but the format people are looking to in the next 12 months is MPEG-DASH. HEVC is the video codec most people are planning to use in the next 12 months, but VP9 and AV1 are also growing in popularity. Software encoders are the most popular encoders, used either on-premise or in the cloud. Cloud encoding is more popular in North America than in Europe. More than a third monetize their online video with subscription models. 45% use some form of encryption or DRM protection. Half of the developers with ad requirements are using a Server-Side Ad Insertion solution. HTML5 is now by far the dominant platform for video playback. -
Course Outline & Schedule
Course Outline & Schedule Call US 408-759-5074 or UK +44 20 7620 0033 Open Media Encoding Techniques Course Code PWL396 Duration 3 Day Course Price $2,815 Course Description Video, TV and Image technology today dominates Internet Services. Whether it be for live TV, Streamed movies or video clips within social media video images are everywhere. The long-term efficiency of services depends upon the methods and mechanisms used to encode these services. We have relied upon the developments from the Digital Video Broadcast industry, ISO, MPEG and the ITU to provide us with standard ways to achieve this. However the patent royalty cost is now considered to be holding back this efficient development. All commercial users of the normal encoding used such as H.264, H.265, HEVC and other standardised codecs are required to pay royalties for using this technology through a firm of US patent Lawyers known as MPEG-LA. Each new ITU- T standard encoding requires new and increased payments. The Alliance for Open Media is founded by leading Internet companies focused on developing next-generation media formats, codecs and technologies in the public interest. The new Alliance is committing its collective technology and expertise to meet growing Internet demand for top-quality video, audio, imagery and streaming across devices of all kinds and for users worldwide. The aim is to develop royalty free standardized encoding based upon the technology contributed by its members. This course provides a technical study of Video Coding and the technologies which the developing Open Media implementations are based upon. -
Fuzzing and Analysis of AV1 Multimedia Codec
Rochester Institute of Technology B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Master of Science in Computing Security Fuzzing and Analysis of AV1 Multimedia Codec Monika McKeown ([email protected]) July 26, 2018 Abstract AV1 is a new competitive video codec being developed by a consortium of companies under the Alliance for Open Media (AOM) organization. Their goal is to create a competitive open source codec that allows royalty free usage for all its users. This project aims to investigate the reference implementations for this codec and attempt to analyze the source code for potential issues or vulnerabilities. To do so, a series of fuzzing and static analysis tools were used in the reference encoder and decoder, with automation in place to generate encoded files on a daily basis using the latest version of the library. From these reference files, over 100 million fuzzed versions were created and executed with the decoder providing over 100 unique crashes according to the tools utilized. From these fuzzed files and the static analysis results a number of potential vulnerabilities were discovered. An analysis of these revealed that some were theoretical only, while others have practical concerns and exploitability. The vast majority of these were related to memory management errors, with the worst case causing stack overflows and invalid memory reads. Monika McKeown 1 Contents 1 Introduction 5 2 Literature Review 5 2.1 Video Codec Competitive Environment..............................5 2.2 AV1 Reference Implementation Architecture............................6 2.2.1 AV1 Bitstream Format....................................7 2.3 Techniques..............................................7 2.4 Testing.................................................8 2.5 Common Vulnerabilities...................................... -
Performance Comparison of AV1, JEM, VP9, and HEVC Encoders
To be published in Applications of Digital Image Processing XL, edited by Andrew G. Tescher, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 10396 © 2017 SPIE Performance Comparison of AV1, JEM, VP9, and HEVC Encoders Dan Grois, Tung Nguyen, and Detlev Marpe Video Coding & Analytics Department Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications – Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany [email protected],{tung.nguyen,detlev.marpe}@hhi.fraunhofer.de ABSTRACT This work presents a performance evaluation of the current status of two distinct lines of development in future video coding technology: the so-called AV1 video codec of the industry-driven Alliance for Open Media (AOM) and the Joint Exploration Test Model (JEM), as developed and studied by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) on Future Video Coding of ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG. As a reference, this study also includes reference encoders of the respective starting points of development, as given by the first encoder release of AV1/VP9 for the AOM-driven technology, and the HM reference encoder of the HEVC standard for the JVET activities. For a large variety of video sources ranging from UHD over HD to 360° content, the compression capability of the different video coding technology has been evaluated by using a Random Access setting along with the JVET common test conditions. As an outcome of this study, it was observed that the latest AV1 release achieved average bit-rate savings of ~17% relative to VP9 at the expense of a factor of ~117 in encoder run time. On the other hand, the latest JEM release provides an average bit-rate saving of ~30% relative to HM with a factor of ~10.5 in encoder run time. -
2020 Bitmovin Video Developer Report
2020 BITMOVIN VIDEO DEVELOPER REPORT www.bitmovin.com CONTENTS Welcome 5 Key Findings 6 Methodology 8 THE STATE OF THE STREAMING INDUSTRY The biggest challenges 12 Impact of Covid-19 14 Innovation 16 VIDEO WORKFLOWS Encoder 20 Video Codecs 22 Audio Codecs 23 Streaming Formats 24 Packaging 25 CDN solution 26 Per-Title Encoding 27 AI/ML 28 Player codebase 30 Platforms and Devices 32 BUSINESS INSIGHTS Monetization 38 DRM and content protection 39 Advertising 42 Low Latency 44 Analytics 47 The Annual Bitmovin Video Developer Report is one of the many resources that we are pleased to present which has become an industry standard for video streaming. Tradition is that we reveal the results in person at IBC. However, in these unprecedented times, with our fourth installment, a printed or digital version and a virtual presentation will have to do. Participation in the 2020 Report increased 46% Welcome from 2019 with a record breaking 792 respondents - twice as many participants as our first Report in 2017! We believe this also reflects the industry What a year 2020 has been so far! I believe it’s growth and important role video streaming plays fair to say that we’ve all been feeling the strain of today. trying to adjust to and master “the new normal.” Despite the many uncertainties 2020 has brought, Thank you to all who participated this year. We one thing remains consistent and that’s Bitmovin’s are grateful for your feedback and contributions. commitment to provide you with comprehensive Without you, it would not be possible to successively content offerings that feature the state of the video create such a thorough picture of the industry. -
RULING CODECS of VIDEO COMPRESSION and ITS FUTURE 1Dr.Manju.V.C, 2Apsara and 3Annapoorna
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected] Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2319 - 4847 RULING CODECS OF VIDEO COMPRESSION AND ITS FUTURE 1Dr.Manju.v.C, 2Apsara and 3Annapoorna 1Professor,KSIT 2Under-Gradute, Telecommunication Engineering, KSIT 3Under-Gradute, Telecommunication Engineering, KSIT Abstract Development of economical video codecs for low bitrate video transmission with higher compression potency has been a vigorous space of analysis over past years and varied techniques are projected to fulfill this need. Video Compression is a term accustomed outline a technique for reducing the information accustomed cipher digital video content. This reduction in knowledge interprets to edges like smaller storage needs and lower transmission information measure needs, for a clip of video content. In this paper, we survey different video codec standards and also discuss about the challenges in VP9 codec Keywords: Codecs, HEVC, VP9, AV1 1. INTRODUCTION Storing video requires a lot of storage space. To make this task manageable, video compression technology was developed to compress video, also known as a codec. Video coding techniques provide economic solutions to represent video data in a more compact and stout way so that the storage and transmission of video will be completed in less value in less cost in terms of bandwidth, size and power consumption. This technology (video compression) reduces redundancies in spatial and temporal directions. Spatial reduction physically reduces the size of the video data by selectively discarding up to a fourth or more of unneeded parts of the original data in a frame [1]. -
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP
Date of acceptance Grade Instructor Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Dajie Wang Helsinki November 7, 2016 UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Department of Computer Science HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Tiedekunta Fakultet Faculty Laitos Institution Department Faculty of Science Department of Computer Science Tekijä Författare Author Dajie Wang Työn nimi Arbetets titel Title Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP Oppiaine Läroämne Subject Computer Science Työn laji Arbetets art Level Aika Datum Month and year Sivumäärä Sidoantal Number of pages November 7, 2016 49 pages + 2 appendices Tiivistelmä Referat Abstract This thesis summarises the adaptive bitrate streaming technology called Dynamic Adaptive Stream- ing over HTTP, also named as MPEG-DASH, as it is developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group. The thesis introduces and summarises MPEG-DASH standard, including the content of the stan- dard, Proles from MPEG and DASH Industry Forum, and an evaluation of the standard. The thesis then analyses the MPEG-DASH system and provides related research papers. It is organized into three dierent parts based on the workow of the whole system, including the hosted Media Presentation Description le and video Segments in server, network infrastructures and DASH clients. In the end, the thesis discusses about the adoptions of the MPEG-DASH system in dierent indus- tries, including Broadband, Broadcast, Mobile and 3D. ACM Computing Classication System (CCS): Avainsanat Nyckelord Keywords dash, streaming, mpeg Säilytyspaikka Förvaringsställe Where deposited Muita tietoja övriga uppgifter Additional information ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 MPEG-DASH Standard 3 2.1 The ISO/IEC 23009-1 Standard . 3 2.1.1 Format of MPD le .