Hydrogen Production by Photoprocesses
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Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer
catalysts Article Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer Stefano Trocino 1,* , Carmelo Lo Vecchio 1 , Sabrina Campagna Zignani 1, Alessandra Carbone 1 , Ada Saccà 1 , Vincenzo Baglio 1 , Roberto Gómez 2 and Antonino Salvatore Aricò 1 1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, CNR-ITAE, Via Salita Santa Lucia sopra Contesse, 5-98126 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (C.L.V.); [email protected] (S.C.Z.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (V.B.); [email protected] (A.S.A.) 2 Departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d’Electroquímica, Universitat d’Alacant, Apartat 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-090-624-270 Received: 6 October 2020; Accepted: 10 November 2020; Published: 13 November 2020 Abstract: A photoelectrochemical tandem cell (PEC) based on a cathodic hydrophobic gas-diffusion backing layer was developed to produce dry hydrogen from solar driven water splitting. The cell consisted of low cost and non-critical raw materials (CRMs). A relatively high-energy gap (2.1 eV) hematite-based photoanode and a low energy gap (1.2 eV) cupric oxide photocathode were deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) and a hydrophobic carbonaceous substrate, respectively. The cell was illuminated from the anode. The electrolyte separator consisted of a transparent hydrophilic anionic solid polymer membrane allowing higher wavelengths not absorbed by the photoanode to be transmitted to the photocathode. -
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: a Road from Stable Metal Oxides to Protected Thin Film Solar Cells
Journal of Materials Chemistry A View Article Online REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Photoelectrochemical water splitting: a road from stable metal oxides to protected thin film solar cells Cite this: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 10625 Carles Ros, *a Teresa Andreu ab and Joan R. Morante ab Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has attracted great attention during past decades thanks to the possibility to reduce the production costs of hydrogen or other solar fuels, by doing so in a single step and powered by the largest source of renewable energy: the sun. Despite significant efforts to date, the productivities of stable semiconductor materials in contact with the electrolyte are limited, pushing a growing scientific community towards more complex photoelectrode structures. During the last decade, several groups have focused on the strategy of incorporating state of the art photovoltaic absorber materials (such as silicon, III–V compounds and chalcogenide-based thin films). The stability of these devices in harsh acidic or alkaline electrolytes has become a key issue, pushing transparent, conductive and protective layer research. The present review offers a detailed analysis of PEC devices from metal oxide electrodes forming a semiconductor–liquid junction to protected and catalyst- Received 9th March 2020 decorated third generation solar cells adapted into photoelectrodes. It consists of a complete overview Accepted 7th May 2020 of PEC systems, from nanoscale design to full device scheme, with a special focus on disruptive DOI: 10.1039/d0ta02755c advances enhancing efficiency and stability. Fundamental concepts, fabrication techniques and cell rsc.li/materials-a schemes are also discussed, and perspectives and challenges for future research are pointed out. -
Metal-Free Organic Sensitizers for Use in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells
Correction CHEMISTRY Correction for “Metal-free organic sensitizers for use in water- splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells,” by John R. Swierk, Dalvin D. Méndez-Hernádez, Nicholas S. McCool, Paul Liddell, Yuichi Terazono, Ian Pahk, John J. Tomlin, Nolan V. Oster, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. Moore, Devens Gust, and Thomas E. Mallouk, which appeared in issue 6, February 10, 2015, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (112:1681–1686; first published January 12, 2015; 10.1073/pnas.1414901112). The authors note that the author name Dalvin D. Méndez- Hernádez should instead appear as Dalvin D. Méndez-Hernández. The corrected author line appears below. The online version has been corrected. John R. Swierk, Dalvin D. Méndez-Hernández, Nicholas S. McCool, Paul Liddell, Yuichi Terazono, Ian Pahk, John J. Tomlin, Nolan V. Oster, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. Moore, Devens Gust, and Thomas E. Mallouk www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1501448112 CORRECTION www.pnas.org PNAS | February 24, 2015 | vol. 112 | no. 8 | E921 Downloaded by guest on September 23, 2021 Metal-free organic sensitizers for use in water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells John R. Swierka, Dalvin D. Méndez-Hernádezb, Nicholas S. McCoola, Paul Liddellb, Yuichi Terazonob, Ian Pahkb, John J. Tomlinb, Nolan V. Osterb, Thomas A. Mooreb, Ana L. Mooreb, Devens Gustb, and Thomas E. Mallouka,c,1 Departments of aChemistry and cBiochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Bio-Inspired Solar Fuel Production, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 Edited by Richard Eisenberg, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, and approved December 12, 2014 (received for review August 4, 2014) Solar fuel generation requires the efficient capture and conversion onto a mesoporous TiO2 electrode. -
Physical Modeling of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Devices
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aaltodoc Publication Archive This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Author(s): Kemppainen, Erno & Halme, Janne & Lund, Peter Title: Physical Modeling of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Devices Year: 2015 Version: Post print Please cite the original version: Kemppainen, Erno & Halme, Janne & Lund, Peter. 2015. Physical Modeling of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Devices. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. Volume 119, Issue 38. 21747-21766. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04764. Rights: © 2015 American Chemical Society (ACS). http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/articlesonrequest/index.html. This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04764. All material supplied via Aaltodoc is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Physical Modeling of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Devices Erno Kemppainen, Janne Halme*, Peter Lund Aalto University School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, P.O.Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. -
Artificial Photosynthesis Challenges: Water Splitting at Nanostructured Interfaces
Artificial Photosynthesis Challenges: Water Splitting at Nanostructured Interfaces Marcella Bonchio a ITM-CNR, University of Padova, Department of Chemical Sciences, via Marzolo 1, Padova I- 35131, Italy [email protected] Solar-powered water oxidation can be exploited for hydrogen generation by direct photocatalytic water splitting. A recent breakthrough in the field of artificial photosynthesis is the discovery of innovative oxygen evolving catalysts taken from the pool of the nano-sized, water soluble, molecular metal oxides, the so-called polyoxometalates (POMs). These catalysts provide a unique mimicry of the oxygen evolving centre in photosynthetic II enzyme (PSII), sharing a common functional-motif, i.e., a redox-active tetranuclear {M4(m-O)4} core, and effecting H2O oxidation to IV O2 with unprecedented efficiency. In this scenario, the tetra-ruthenium based POM [Ru 4(m- 10- OH)2(m-O)4(H2O)4(g-SiW10O36)2] , Ru4(SiW10)2, displays fast kinetics, exceptionally light-driven performance and electrocatalytic activity powered by carbon nanotubes.1-2 Research in the field of artificial photosynthesis for the conversion of water to fuel has recently come to the awakening turning-point that a key issue is the design of efficient catalytic routines that can operate with energy and rates commensurate with the solar flux at ground level. A factual solution to this need implies the mastering of the electron transfer distance, junctions and potential gradients at the molecular level and within a nano-structured environment. Our vision points to a careful choice/design of the nano-structured support, and to a precise positioning of the catalytic domain on such templates, by tailored synthetic protocols. -
Metal Oxides Applied to Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy
chemengineering Review Metal Oxides Applied to Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy Stéphane Abanades Processes, Materials, and Solar Energy Laboratory, PROMES-CNRS, 7 Rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font Romeu, France; [email protected]; Tel.: +33-0468307730 Received: 17 May 2019; Accepted: 2 July 2019; Published: 4 July 2019 Abstract: Solar thermochemical processes have the potential to efficiently convert high-temperature solar heat into storable and transportable chemical fuels such as hydrogen. In such processes, the thermal energy required for the endothermic reaction is supplied by concentrated solar energy and the hydrogen production routes differ as a function of the feedstock resource. While hydrogen production should still rely on carbonaceous feedstocks in a transition period, thermochemical water-splitting using metal oxide redox reactions is considered to date as one of the most attractive methods in the long-term to produce renewable H2 for direct use in fuel cells or further conversion to synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The two-step redox cycles generally consist of the endothermic solar thermal reduction of a metal oxide releasing oxygen with concentrated solar energy used as the high-temperature heat source for providing reaction enthalpy; and the exothermic oxidation of the reduced oxide with H2O to generate H2. This approach requires the development of redox-active and thermally-stable oxide materials able to split water with both high fuel productivities and chemical conversion rates. The main relevant two-step metal oxide systems are commonly based on volatile (ZnO/Zn, SnO2/SnO) and non-volatile redox pairs (Fe3O4/FeO, ferrites, CeO2/CeO2 δ, perovskites). -
H2O(G)⇔ H2 + 1 2 Because of the Small Equilibrium Constant of This
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY HIGH-TEMPERATURE WATER SPLITTING USING MIXED OXYGEN ION-ELECTRON CONDUCTING MEMBRANES T. H. Lee, S. Wang, S. E. Dorris, and U. Balachandran Energy Technology Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL 60439, USA ABSTRACT Hydrogen production from water splitting at high temperatures has been studied with novel mixed oxygen ion-electron conducting cermet membranes. Hydrogen production rates were investigated as a function of temperature, water partial pressure, membrane thickness, and oxygen chemical potential gradient across the membranes. The hydrogen production rate increased with both increasing moisture concentration and oxygen chemical potential gradient across the membranes. A maximum hydrogen production rate of 4.4 cm3/min-cm2 (STP) was obtained with a 0.10-mm-thick membrane at 900°C in a gas containing 50 vol.% water vapor in the sweep side. Hydrogen production rate also increased with decreasing membrane thickness, but surface kinetics play an important role as membrane thickness decreases. INTRODUCTION Water dissociates into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures, and the dissociation increases with increasing temperature: ⇔ + 1 H2O(g ) H2 O2 . 2 Because of the small equilibrium constant of this reaction, the concentrations of generated hydrogen and oxygen are very low even at relatively high temperatures, i.e., 0.1 and 0.042% for hydrogen and oxygen, respectively, at 1600°C (1). However, significant amounts of hydrogen or oxygen could be generated at moderate temperatures if the equilibrium were shifted toward dissociation by removing either oxygen or hydrogen using a mixed-conducting membrane. While hydrogen can also be produced by high-temperature steam electrolysis, the use of mixed-conducting membranes offers the advantage of requiring no electric power or electrical circuitry. -
A Consortium on Advanced Water Splitting Materials H.N
HydroGEN Overview: A Consortium on Advanced Water Splitting Materials H.N. Dinh, G. Groenewold, E. Fox, A. McDaniel, T. Ogitsu, A. Weber Presenter: Huyen Dinh, NREL Date: 5/20/2020 Venue: 2020 DOE Annual Merit Review Project ID # P148 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information. HydroGEN Overview Timeline and Budget Partners • Start date (launch): June 2016 • FY17 DOE funding: $3.5M • FY18 DOE funding: $9.9M • FY19 DOE funding: $8.4M • FY20 planned DOE funding: $10.6M • Total DOE funding received to date: $30M Barriers • Cost • Efficiency • Durability HydroGEN: Advanced Water Splitting Materials 2 Collaboration: HydroGEN Steering Committee Huyen Dinh Adam Weber Anthony McDaniel (Director) (Deputy Director) (Deputy Director) Richard Boardman Tadashi Ogitsu Elise Fox Ned Stetson and Katie Randolph, DOE-EERE-FCTO HydroGEN: Advanced Water Splitting Materials 3 H2@Scale Energy System Vision Relevance and Impact Transportation and Beyond Large-scale, low-cost hydrogen from diverse domestic resources enables an economically competitive and environmentally beneficial future energy system across sectors Materials innovations are key to enhancing performance, durability, and cost of hydrogen generation, storage, distribution, and utilization technologies key to H2@Scale *Illustrative example, not comprehensive Hydrogen at Scale (H2@Scale): Key to a Clean, Economic, and Sustainable Energy System, Bryan Pivovar, Neha Rustagi, https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/h2-scale Sunita Satyapal, Electrochem. -
Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis: Corrosion Protection Schemes to Enable Durable Solar Water Splitting Devices
II.G.11 Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis: Corrosion Protection Schemes to Enable Durable Solar Water Splitting Devices enable the development of a new generation of robust Principal Investigator: Carl Koval integrated devices for efficient solar water splitting. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA Abstract Team Members • Ian Sharp ([email protected], Team Lead), Jinhui Yang, Fabrication of overall water splitting devices requires Yongjing Lin, Ali Javey, Joel Ager (Project Lead) the incorporation of all elements - catalysts, light absorbers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory membranes, and interfacial layers - into an integrated system • Shu Hu, Michael Lichterman, Nate Lewis (Scientific in which all materials are stable under identical conditions. Director and Project Lead) Durability and compatibility of materials remain critical California Institute of Technology hurdles in the field. In addition to the discovery of new materials, a primary strategy for overcoming this limitation DOE Program Manager: Gail McLean is aimed at utilizing thin film surface coatings for preventing Phone: (301) 903-7807 corrosion of photoelectrodes, while also allowing efficient Email: [email protected] charge transfer between the semiconductor light absorber and catalysts. Here, we present a series of case examples highlighting approaches for thin film corrosion protection Objectives that enable sustained operation of both photocathodes and photoanodes. Each of these examples represents a significant The mission of the Joint Center for Artificial technical advancement and provides complimentary insight Photosynthesis (JCAP) is to produce fundamental scientific into the important roles of interfacial energetics, physical discoveries and major technological breakthroughs to enable and chemical structure, photon management, and defect the development of energy-efficient, cost-effective, and engineering. -
Highly Efficient Solar Water-Splitting Using 3D/2D Hydrophobic
Highly efficient solar water‐splitting using 3D/2D hydrophobic perovskites with corrosion resistant barriers Aditya Mohite Rice University P193 May 30, 2020 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Project Overview Project Partners Award # DE-FOA-0002022 Aditya Mohite, Rice University Start/End Date 01/01/20-01/01/23 Michael Wong, Rice University Total Project $ 1M (DOE + Cost Value* Share) Project Vision Cost Share % 200K Achieve cost‐effective solar water‐splitting by combining high‐efficiency, low‐cost perovskite solar cells with HER and OER catalysts made from earth abundant materials Project Impact The development of a durable and efficient water splitting system for hydrogen production using low‐cost, abundant materials is a game‐ changer for renewable solar energy storage and chemical transformations * this amount does not cover support for HydroGEN resources leveraged by the project (which is provided separately by DOE) HydroGEN: Advanced Water Splitting Materials 2 Approach: Summary Project Motivation Key Impact Our team has published high‐impact papers Metric State of the Art Expected Advance in optoelectronics, device integration, and Stability [h] 150h 500h perovskites, as well as catalyst material synthesis, corrosion chemistry, and catalyst STH 19.3% 20% optimization. Preliminary results show >1h efficiency device lifetime in aqueous media and 14% Cost [$/m2] 20K $2/gge efficiency as a PV. Partnerships LBNL, Toma: Understanding degradation Barriers mechanisms in -
Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis: Modeling and Simulation Team
BES023 Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis: Modeling and Simulation Team Abstract Principal Investigator: Carl Koval Modeling and simulation at the continuum level has California Institute of Technology been used for years to help interpret and guide experimental Pasadena, CA Email: [email protected] investigations of electrochemical technologies, in particular, fuel cells and batteries. The same principles can be applied Names of Team Members to new areas such as photoelectrochemical cells that produce Adam Z. Weber (Team Lead, [email protected]), fuels from sunlight. It is the objective of the Modeling Chengxiang (CX) Xiang, Alan Berger, John Newman, and Simulation Team (MaST) at JCAP to provide such Meenesh Singh, Kate Fountaine, John Stevens, Katie Chen, knowledge in this area. MaST provides guidance, examined Nate Lewis, Shu Hu tradeoff analysis between material and physical properties, helps to set design targets to the JCAP projects, guides DOE Program Manager: Gail McLean experiments for model input and validation, provides scale- Phone: (301) 903-7807, Email: [email protected] up and prototype guidance, and interacts with the external community with respect to modeling photoelectrochemical- cell phenomena. Specific issues to be discussed in this Objectives poster include examination of the design space for solar- fuel generators including alternate designs; the impact of The mission of the Joint Center for Artificial operation at near-neutral pH, and optimization of component Photosynthesis (JCAP) is to produce fundamental scientific design targets. discoveries and major technological breakthroughs to enable the development of energy-efficient, cost-effective, and Progress Report commercially viable processes for the large-scale conversion of sunlight directly to fuels. -
Usaid Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technologies Primer
USAID GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES PRIMER www.greeningthegrid.org | www.nrel.gov/usaid-partnership USAID GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES PRIMER Authors Thomas Bowen, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, Kaifeng Xu, Sika Gadzanku, Kamyria Coney National Renewable Energy Laboratory July 2021 A companion report to the USAID Energy Storage Decision Guide for Policymakers www.greeningthegrid.org | www.nrel.gov/usaid-partnership Prepared by NOTICE This work was authored, in part, by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Contract No. IAG-17-2050. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government, or any agency thereof, including USAID. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov. Front cover: photo from iStock 506609532; Back cover: photo from iStock 506611252 NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments The authors are greatly indebted to several individuals for their support and guidance. We wish to thank Dominique Bain, Marcus Bianchi, Nate Blair, Anthony Burrell, Paul Denholm, Greg Stark, and Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and Oliver Schmidt at Imperial College London for their reviews. And we wish to thank Isabel McCan, Christopher Schwing, and Liz Breazeale for communications, design, and editing support.