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Hindu Pilgrimage Tourism in Tamil Nadu – a Conceptual Outlook

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Hindu Pilgrimage Tourism in Tamil Nadu – a Conceptual Outlook The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 HINDU PILGRIMAGE TOURISM IN TAMIL NADU – A CONCEPTUAL OUTLOOK Dr.R.Kavitha Assistant Professor Department of Commerce Periyar University, Salem,Tamil Nadu, India Email- [email protected] A.Sugapriya Ph.D Research Scholar Periyar University, Salem,Tamil Nadu, India [email protected] ABSTRACT Tourism is one of the biggest and fast growing service industries and it has importance socio economic, cultural, environmental effects of the country. India has rich cultural heritage, ancient monuments, famous temples, architecture masterpieces, wild animal's sanctuaries and scenic sports, country attract international as well as national tourist. Particularly Tamil Nadu is pilgrimage paradise on the earth. The state has world famous shrines for Hindu religions which attract millions of domestic and foreign tourists every year. Pilgrimage tourism in the state generating the socio economic benefits such as promotion of national integration, international understanding, creation of direct and indirect employment opportunities, earn foreign exchanges, help to local development, strengthen our national unity and promote our culture at national and international level. This paper studies the various pilgrimage places in Tamil Nadu. This article exposes the significance of pilgrimage tourism, and also tourism and pilgrimage tourism connections based on continuum of travel. Moreover, the study presents a glance of Hindu pilgrimage tourism places and its locations in Tamil Nadu. Key words: Pilgrimage, Economic, Culture, Emplacement Volume XI, Issue XII, December/2019 Page No:430 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 INTRODUCTION Man as a traveler is known since time immemorial. Initially their travel was for the quest of food followed by the shelter. Generally with the passage of time their travel turned to several new dimensions-travel as an adventure, travel as hobby, for relaxation, to enjoy natural beauty, as a pilgrimage, to acquire knowledge on historical aspects and archeological sites. Travel sometimes is associated with adventure and sometimes for religious purpose by visiting pilgrimages or by taking holy dip. All these are to quench the thirst of mind. Thus, travel or tour has very important position in human life and ultimately tourism that is movement of people within their own country or across the national border became one of the largest and gainful industries in the economic domain of human life (Dasgupta et al. 2007). In recent decades, the tourism industry has shown sustained growth in revenues and number of tourist arrivals, mainly through foreign exchange earnings, contributions to national income, generation of employment, business opportunities and has left extensive economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts almost every part of the world (Dabour, 2003). Pilgrimage is the movement of a traveller or group of travelers making a journey for religious purposes, nowadays also called a traditional religious or modern secular journey (Collins-Kreiner, 2010).According to Skandapurana ( a religious treatise), truth, forgiveness, control of senses, kindness to all living beings and simplicity is tirtha. Thus, tirtha yatra not only means physically visiting the holy places but implies mental and moral discipline as well. It has rightly said that following the Vedic period, the practice of religious tourism or pilgrimage seems to have gained increased popularity as evident from the great epic Mahabharata (Bhardwaj 1973:5). Today travel and tourism is one of the fast growing and every expanding industry in various part of India including coastal area, deserts, hill station and mountains. India is a land of pilgrimage. In India, there are hundreds of pilgrimage destinations connected for different religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Islam. In ancient time most of the people travel to pilgrimage for religious reasons. In India majority of the domestic tourist travel to pilgrimage places for religious motive. Most important pilgrimage places are located in along riverbank like Ganga, Brahmaputra, Kaveri and Godhavari. Take holy dip in these rivers is considered as holy. Ganga River is a place which is believed to relieve all the sins of the person while taking holy bath in the river. The sacred places are called tirthas and the action of going to pilgrimage is called tirtha-yatra. Travel for pilgrimage purposes is an important part of Hindu Volume XI, Issue XII, December/2019 Page No:431 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 doctrine and millions of adherents travel throughout India and from abroad to participate in enormous fairs and festivals, pilgrimage circuits, and ritual cleansings each year. Likewise, thousands of people of other religions visit India each year to admire its ancient and beautiful Hindu architecture and important heritage and historical sites that are associated with the religion. During 1950s traditional Hindu pilgrimages became more popular. Tamil Nadu is popularly known as the land of pilgrimage and it has been the greatest source of spiritual stimulation for different types of traveler from all over the world. In Tamil Nadu many of the pilgrimage sites exist from long as 800 to 5000 years old and the temple sculptures, inscriptions, temple structure tell about the history and culture of Hindus. In Tamil Nadu Hindu pilgrimage sites are located in plain land, hill station and coastal area. OBJECTIVES 1. To list out most visited pilgrimage site in Tamil Nadu. 2. To highlight the significance of pilgrimage tourism in Tamil Nadu. 3. To know the tourism and pilgrimage tourism connections. PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA Tamil Nadu State is situated at the South Eastern extremity of the Indian Peninsula bounded on the north by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh on the east by Bay of Bengal, on the South by the Indian Ocean and on the West by Kerala State. This history of Tamil Nadu dates back to Paleolithic age. The Official languages spoken in the state is Tamil which is one of the oldest languages greatly influenced by its rich and colourful past history. Today, person can hear several languages such as English, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and other Indian languages are being spoken in the state. Tamil Nadu has cherished a long history of art and architecture which is evident from its enormous temples with colossal structures. The ancient dynasties viz., Chera, Chola, Pandiya and Pallava had shown a great passion for art and architecture and they had recorded architectural styles in their buildings. Temple architecture of Tamil Nadu has been classified into Aryan and Dravidian style. Most of these temples were constructed by using stone and mortar composition. Sandstones predominated the constructions of Indo Aryan styles granites predominated in Dravidian style. In Dravidian temple architecture was a typical architectural unit i.e. gopuram (tower) (report of Tamil Nadu Tourism 2013-14). Tamil Nadu has Volume XI, Issue XII, December/2019 Page No:432 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO: 0886-9367 a legacy of ancient tradition and rich cultural heritage. Dance like Bharathanatyam and music like carnatic music, have flourished here for centuries. The awe-inspiring sculptures at the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram and other similar art forms and sculptures were found in the state on 7th century AD. Which still stand in all their pristine glory in several parts of this land; speak for themselves of the rich heritage of the Tamil people. Handicrafts include the most intricately carved designs in wood, stone and metal. PILGRIMAGE TOURISM PLACES IN TAMIL NADU Though there are more than 38,615 temples in Tamil Nadu which are under the control and maintenance of various government agencies and like State Department of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India, Hindu Religious and Charitable Board, Government of Tamil Nadu and other private trust. The great living Chola temples like Airavateswara Temple near Kumbakonam, Brahadeeswarar Temple (Big Temple) at Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple at Jayakondam were declared as World Heritage Monuments. These temples exhibit an important interchange of human values and within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning, or landscape design. More tourists continuously throng this monument throughout the year for enjoying the architectural marvel and to know about the ancient Tamil culture. Apart from these, three temples monuments of Mamallapuram were also declared as the world heritage monument. This 7th century A.D town mamallapuram belonging to Pallava dynasty located 60 kms from south of Chennai which consists of the rest of archaeological collections that indicates which correspond to some of the most primitive known examples of Dravidian architecture in India. Under the Pallava kingdom several enthusiastic monuments were carved out of the granitic boulders. The monuments such as Shore temple, Five Rathas (Monolithic Rathas), Stone elephant in the five rathas, Cave temple, Arjuna Penance etc. which were declared World Heritage Monuments in Mamallapuram. FAMOUS PILGRIMAGE PLACE IN TAMIL NADU S.N Districts Names Temple Names o 1. Chennai Kapaleeswarar Temple, Ashtalakshimi Temple, Kalikambal Temple, Murundeeshwarar Temple,Sri chenna
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