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Oral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance 9781405199858 1 Pre.Qxd 3/1/10 2:28 Page Ii 9781405199858 1 Pre.Qxd 3/3/10 10:15 Page Iii 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/1/10 2:28 Page iv 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/1/10 2:28 Page i Oral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/1/10 2:28 Page ii 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/3/10 10:15 Page iii Oral Medicine and Pathology at a Glance Professor Crispian Scully CBE, MD, PhD, MDS, MRCS, BSc, FDSRCS, FDSRCPS, FFDRCSI, FDSRCSE, FRCPath, FMedSci, FHEA, FUCL, DSc, DChD, DMed(HC), Dr HC Professor of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology, University of London; Director (Special Projects) UCL-Eastman Dental Institute; Professor of Special Care Dentistry; Chair of Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences President-elect: International Academy of Oral Oncology (IAOO) Visiting Professor, Universities of Bristol, Edinburgh and Helsinki Professor Oslei Paes de Almeida DDS, MSc, PhD Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil Professor Jose Bagan MD, PhD, MDS Professor of Oral Medicine. Valencia University, Department of Stomatology, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain Professor Pedro Diz Dios MD, DDS, PhD Senior Lecturer in Special Needs Dentistry Head of Special Needs Dentistry Section, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain Honorary Visiting Professor at UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, University College of London (UK) Professor Adalberto Mosqueda Taylor DDS, MSc Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Honorary Professor at National Institute of Cancerology, Mexico, DF A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/1/10 2:28 Page iv This edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing programme has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oral medicine and pathology at a glance / Crispian Scully...[et al.]. p. ; cm. – (At a glance series) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4051-9985-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Oral medicine–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Mouth–Pathophysiology–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Scully, Crispian. II. Series: At a glance series (Oxford, England). [DNLM: 1. Jaw Diseases–pathology–Handbooks. 2. Mouth Diseases–pathology–Handbooks. WU 49 O627 2010] RC815.O677 2010 617.5′22–dc22 2009037338 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 9/11.5pt Times by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Singapore 1 2010 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/1/10 2:29 Page v Contents Preface vii 20 Red and purple lesions: Erythematous candidosis 36 Acute candidosis 36 1 Examination of extraoral tissues 2 Chronic candidosis 37 Head and neck 3 Denture-related stomatitis (denture sore mouth; chronic Cranial nerves 3 atrophic candidosis) 37 Limbs 3 Angular stomatitis (angular cheilitis; perleche) 37 2 Examination of mouth, jaws, temporomandibular region Median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy and salivary glands 4 of the tongue) 37 Mouth 5 21 Red and purple lesions: Angiomas 38 Jaws 5 Hemangioma 38 Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 5 Venous lake (venous varix; senile hemangioma of lip) 38 Salivary glands 5 Lymphangioma 38 3 Investigations: Histopathology 6 22 Red and purple lesions: Proliferative vascular lesions, Mucosal biopsy 7 Kaposi sarcoma 39 Brush biopsy 7 Proliferative vascular lesions 39 Labial salivary gland biopsy 7 Kaposi sarcoma 39 4 Investigations: Microbiology 8 23 Red and purple lesions: Erythroplakia 40 5 Investigations: Imaging 10 Erythroplakia (erythroplasia) 40 6 Investigations: Blood tests 12 24 Red and purple lesions: Erythema migrans (lingual erythema Referring a patient for specialist opinion 12 migrans; benign migratory glossitis; geographical 7 Anatomical variants and developmental anomalies 14 tongue; continental tongue) 41 Fordyce spots (“Fordyce granules”) 15 25 Swellings: Hereditary conditions, drug-induced Fissured tongue (scrotal or plicated tongue) 15 swellings 42 Stafne cyst or bone cavity 15 Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) 43 Torus palatinus 15 C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema) 43 Torus mandibularis 15 Drug-induced gingival swelling 43 Varicosities 15 26 Swellings: Infections, human papilloma virus 44 8 Blisters 16 Papilloma 44 Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (localized oral purpura; Warts (verrucae) 45 traumatic oral hemophlyctenosis) 17 Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) 45 9 Blisters, infections: Herpes simplex virus 18 Koilocytic dysplasia 45 Herpes simplex 18 HPV and oral cancer 45 Recurrent herpes labialis 19 27 Swellings: Granulomatous conditions 46 Recurrent intraoral herpes 19 Sarcoidosis 46 10 Blisters infections: Varicella zoster virus 20 Crohn disease and orofacial granulomatosis 46 Chickenpox (varicella) 21 28 Swellings: Reactive lesions 48 Zoster (shingles) 21 Denture-induced hyperplasia (epulis fissuratum) 49 11 Blisters, skin diseases: Pemphigus 22 Fibroepithelial polyp (fibrous lump) 49 Pemphigus 23 Fibroma 49 12 Blisters, skin diseases: Pemphigoid 24 Giant cell epulis (peripheral giant cell granuloma) 49 13 Pigmented lesions 26 Pyogenic granuloma 49 Superficial discoloration 26 29 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, oral squamous Hairy tongue (black hairy tongue; lingua villosa nigra) 27 cell carcinoma (OSCC) 50 14 Pigmented lesions: Ethnic pigmentation and tattoos 28 30 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, lymphoma, metastatic Ethnic pigmentation 29 neoplasms 52 Foreign body tattoos 29 Lymphomas 53 15 Pigmented lesions: Melanotic macule 30 Metastatic oral neoplasms 53 16 Pigmented lesions: Nevus and others 31 31 Ulcers and erosions: Local causes, drug-induced Adenocorticotrophic hormone effects (ACTH) 31 ulcers 54 17 Pigmented lesions: Malignant melanoma 32 Local causes 54 18 Red and purple lesions 34 Eosinophilic ulcer (traumatic eosinophilic granuloma; Purpura 34 traumatic ulcerative granulomatous disease) 54 19 Red and purple lesions: Desquamative gingivitis, Drug-induced ulcers (stomatitis medicamentosa) 55 mucositis 35 32 Ulcers and erosions: Aphthae 56 Desquamative gingivitis 35 33 Ulcers and erosions: Aphthous-like ulcers 58 Mucositis 35 Behçet syndrome (BS, Behçet disease) 59 v 9781405199858_1_pre.qxd 3/1/10 2:29 Page vi 34 Ulcers and erosions: Blood diseases, gastrointestinal Inflammatory disorders (not known to be infective) 87 disorders 60 Neoplastic causes 87 Blood diseases 60 Drugs 87 Leukemias 60 Others 87 Gastrointestinal disorders 61 48 Neurological conditions: Bell palsy, and trigeminal sensory Celiac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy) 61 loss 88 35 Ulcers and erosions: Infections 62 Bell palsy 89 Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM; vesicular stomatitis Trigeminal sensory loss 89 with exanthem) 62 49 Neurological conditions and pain: Local, referred and Herpangina 62 vascular 90 Bacterial infections 63 Local causes of orofacial pain 90 Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent disease; Referred causes of orofacial pain 91 acute ulcerative gingivitis, AUG, ANG, ANUG) 63 Vascular causes of orofacial pain 91 Syphilis 63 50 Neurological conditions and pain: Trigeminal Gonorrhea 63 neuralgia 92 Tuberculosis 63 Trigeminal neuralgia 93 36 Ulcers and erosions: Erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal 51 Neurological conditions and pain: Psychogenic (idiopathic necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome 64 facial pain, idiopathic odontalgia and burning mouth Erythema multiforme 65 syndrome (oral dysesthesia)) 94 Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN, Lyell syndrome) and Persistent idiopathic, or unexplained (atypical) facial Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) 65 pain (IFP) 95 37 White lesions: Candidosis (candidiasis) 66 Burning mouth “syndrome” (BMS, glossopyrosis,
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