, CHAPTER 31 OROFACIAL IMPLANTS 691 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

A B FIG. 31-17 A, Panoramic image demonstrating an apparently successfulimplant place- ment. B, Conventional cross-sectional tomogram reveals that the implant perforated the facial cortex in an attempt to avoid the nasopalatine canal. The angle of this implant also created a restorative dilemma.

BIBLIOGRAPHY McGivney GP et al: A comparison of computer-assistedtomog- raphy and data-gathering modalities in prosthodontics, Int 1 Oral Maxillofac Implants 1:55, 1986. COMPARATIVE DOSIMETRY Schwarz MS et al: Computed tomography. I. Preoperative Avendanio B et al: Estimate of radiation detriment: scanog- assessment of the for endosseous implant raphy and intraoral radiology, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral surgery, Intl Oral Maxillofac Implants 2:137,1987. Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 82:713, 1996. Schwarz MS et al: Computed tomography. II. Preoperative Frederiksen NL et al: Effective dose and risk assessment assessmentof the maxilla for endosseousimplant surgery, from computed tomography of the maxillofacial complex, Intl Oral Maxillofac Implants 2:143,1987. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 24:55, 1995. Wishan MS et al: Computed tomography as an adjunct in Frederiksen NL et al: Risk assessment from film tomography dental implant surgery, Intl Oral Maxillofac Implants 8:31, used for dental implant diagnostics, Dentomaxillofac 1988. Radiol 23:123, 1994. Lecomber AR, Yoneyama Y, Lovelock DJ, Hosoi T, Adams AM: CONVENTIONAL TOMOGRAPHY Comparison of patient dose from imaging protocols for Ekestubbe A et al: The use of tomography for dental implant dental implant planning suing conventional radiography planning, Dentomaxillofac Radiol 26:206, 1997. and computed tomography, Dentomaxillofac Radiol Grondahl K et al: Reliability of hypocycloidal tomography for 30:255, 2001. the evaluation of the distance from the alveolar crest to the scar G et al: Dosimetry and cost of imaging for osseointe- mandibular canal, Dentomaxillofac Radiol 20:200, 1991. grated implants with film-based and computed tomogra- KassebaumDK et al: Cross-sectionalradiography for implant phy, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod site assessment,Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 70:674, 83:41,1997. 1990. Stella JP, Tharanon W: A precise radiographic method to COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY determine the location of the inferior alveolar canal in the Kraut RA: Utilization of 3D/DENTAL software for precise posterior edentulous mandible: implications for dental implant site selection: clinical reports, Implant Dent 1:134, implants. I. Technique, IntJ Oral Maxillofac Implants 5:15, 1992. . 1990. 692 PART V RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Stella ]P, Tharanon W: A precise radiographic method to GENERALIMPLANTOLOGY determine the location of the inferior alveolar canal in the Block MA et aI, editors: Implants in , Philadelphia, posterior edentulous mandible: implications for dental 1997, WB Saunders. implants. II. Clinical application, Int] Oral Maxillofac Branemark P-I et ai, editors: Tissue integrated prostheses, Implants 5:23, 1990. Chicago, 1985, Quintessence. Cranin AM et al: A statistical evaluation of 952 endosteal GENERAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES implants in humans,] Am Dent Assoc 94:315, 1977. Benson BW: Presurgical radiographic planning for dental Sahiwal I, Woody RD, Benson BW, Guillen GE: Macro design implants, Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 13:751, morphology of endosseousdental implants,] Prosthet Dent 2001. 87:543, 2002. Benson BW: Diagnostic imaging for dental implant assess- ment, 1;"exasDent] 112:37,1995. IMAGING TECHNIQUES (IMAGING STENTS) DeSmet E, Jacobs R, Gijbels F, Naert I: The accuracy and Cehreli MC, AsIan Y; Sahin S: Bilaminar dual-purpose stent reliability of radiographic methods for the assessmentof for placement of dental implants, J Prosthet Dent 84:55, marginal bone level around oral implants, Dentomaxillofac 2000. RadioI31:176,2002. Israelson H et al: Barium-coated surgical stentsand computer- Frederiksen NL: Diagnostic imaging in dental implantology, assisted tomography in the preoperative assessmentof Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 80:540, dental implant patients, Int J Periodont Restorative Dent 1995. 12:53, 1992. Hollender L, RockIer B: Radiographic evaluation of osseoin- Ku YC, Shen YF: Fabrication of a radiographic and surgical tegrated implants of the jaws, Dentomaxillofac RadioI9:91, stent for implants with a vacuum former, J Prosthet Dent 1980. 83:252, 2000. Klinge B et ai: Location of the mandibular canal: comparison of macroscopic findings, conventional radiography, and INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SOFTWARE computed tomography, Int] Oral Maxillofac Implants Cucchiara R, Franchini F, Lamma A, Lamma E, Sansoni T, 4:327,1989. Sarti E: Enhancing implant surgery planning via comput- Milgrom P, GetzT: Implants: growing concern, Dental Claims erized image processing, Int] of Comput Dent 4:9, 2001. and Insurance News 8:1, 1994 [newsletter]. Rosenfeld AL, Mecall RA: The use of interactive computed Pharoah M]: Imaging techniques and their clinical signifi- tomography to predict the esthetic and functional demands cance, Int] Prosthodont 6:176, 1993. of implant-supported prostheses, Compend Contin Educ ReiskenAB: Implant imaging: status, controversies, and new Dent 17:1125,1996. developments, Dent Clin North Am 2:47, 1998. Sahiwal IG, Woody RD, Benson BW, Guillen GE: Radi- PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY ographic identification of threaded endosseous dental Lindh C, Petersson AR: Radiologic examination of the implants,] Prosthet Dent 87:563, 2002. mandibular canal: a comparison between panoramic Sahiwal IG, Woody RD, Benson BW, Guillen GE: Radi- radiography and conventional tomography, Int J Oral ographic identification of nonthreaded endosseousdental Maxillofac Implants 4:249, 1989. implants,] Prosthet Dent 87:552,2002. Tal H, Moses0: A comparison of panoramic radiography with Tyndall DA, Brooks SL: Selection criteria for dental implant computed tomography in the planning of implant surgery, site imaging: a position paper of the American Academy of Dentomaxillofac Radiol 20:40, 1991. Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Truhlar RS et al: A review of panoramic radiography and its Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 89:630, 2000. potential use in implant dentistry, Implant Dent 2: 122, 1993. Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

A , minor salivary glands Aiming cylinder A-V aneurysm, 449 and, 675 central ray and, 164 A-V defect, 449 horizontal bitewing films and, 148, 149 A-V malformation, 449 nerve sheath metastasisand, 675 Air, subject density and, 78 A-V shunt, 449 ultrasonography of, 675f Air kerma, exposure and, 21 ABC. SeeAneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) Adenoma, primary hyperparathyroidism Airway, lateral cephalometric projection and,517 and, 2l9f, 220 overview of, 355 Adenomatoid odontogenic tumors Ala-tragus line, lateral mandibular occlusal secondary and, 360 calcification in, 433f projection and, 159 Abscessformation, periodontitis and, 314 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors ALARA, radiation and, 52, 61 Abscesses.See also Acute dentoalveolar vo,423 Alcohol, maternal, prenatal irradiation vs., abscess calcifying Vo,400 39, 40t CT and, 664 cementoossifying fibroma vo,501 Alcoholism Absorbed dose, rad and, 21 clinical features of, 431 parotid area V., 658 Acentric fragment, chromosome differential diagnosis and, 433 sialadenosisand, 670 aberrations and, 28f overviewof,431 Alkali compounds, developers and, 97 Acetone, diabetes mellitus and, 523 radiographic features of, 431-432 Alkaline pH values, developers and, 97 Acid, erosion and, 356 synonyms for, 431 Alkaline phosphatase,hypophosphatasia Acidifiers, fixing solution and, 98 treatment of, 433 and, 526 Acidophilic cells, hyperpituitarism and, Adhesions, overview of, 557 Allergen, sinusitis and, 578 521 Administrative radiographs, overview of, 272 Allergic reaction, arthrography v., 548, , minor salivary Adolescents 549f glands and, 675 . carious lesions in, 301 Allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and, 579 Acquired ,337 central giant cell granuloma and; 502 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, Acquired cysts,671 TMJ dysfunction and, 538 leukemia and, 482 Acromegalic , inherited Adrenal adenoma, Cushing's syndrome Alpha goblin genes, thalassemiaand, 533 prognathism v., 521 and,523 Alpha particles, 5 Acromegaly,520 Adrenal carcinoma, Cushing's syndrome Aluminum filtration, patient exposure excessivegrowth of mandible in, 522f and, 523 and, 60 and, 362 Adrenal glands, Cushing's syndrome and, Aluminum step wedge, 78f hyperpituitarism v., 521 523 x-ray beam and, 79, 80f paranasal sinus and, 576 Adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing's syndrome Alveolar bone Activator, overview of, 97 and, 523 eosinophilic granuloma and, 509 Acute apical periodontitis, 367 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) , hemifacial hyperplasia and, 650 Acute dentoalveolar abscess,nasopalatine basophilic adenoma and, 523 lateral cephalometric projection and, duct cystsv., 403 Adults, cortical borders in, 539 2l9f, 220 Acute inflammatory processes,CT and, African jaw lymphoma, children and, 478 loss of height in, 282-283 663 Agenesis, basal cell nevus syndrome and, malignancy and, 459 Acute leukemias, 481 397 periodontal diseasesand, 267, 315, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 481 Aggressivefibromatosis, 454 3l5b, 316 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 481 sinus and, 177 Acute osteomyelitis clinical presentation of, 322, 323 Alveolar bone crest, 172, l72f clinical features of, 374 radiographic appearance of, 324 bitewing examinations and, 148 definition of, 374 treatment of, 324 overview of, 169, l69f radiologic examination and features of, Aging periodontal diseaseand, 317, 317f, 366 374-375 cemento-osseousdysplasia and, 405 Alveolar bone fracture, dislocation of synonyms for, 374 mandibular symphysisand, 181 tooth and, 617 Acute radiation syndrome, overview of, 37, nasolabial fold and, 181 Alveolar bone loss, vertical bitewing films 37t nutrient canals and, 185 and, 149, 149f Acute sinusitis periodontitis and, 267, 314 Alveolar crest overview of, 579 pulpal sclerosisand, 362 interproximal radiographs (bitewings) radiograph and, 581 secondary dentin and, 360 and, 271 Acute suppurative osteomyelitis, 374 AIDS small bone loss at, 318f ADA. SeeAmerican Dental Association infection control and, 115 Alveolar lesions, Langerhans' cell (ADA) osteomyelitis and, 374 histiocytosis and, 514 Adenoameloblastoma, 431 periodontal diseaseand, 327 Alveolar margin, clinical features of, 339

693 Simpo694 PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com INDEX

Alveolar process, 282 Ameloblastomas (Continued) Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) (Continued) ameloblastic fibromas and, 428, 430f synonyms for, 419 fibrous dysplasiaV., 489, 491 arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 treatment of, 422 mapagement of, 506 avulsion and, 618 of unusual type, 422 radiographic features of, 504-505 condylar hyperplasia and, 550 Ameloblasts right mandible panoramic image of, eosinophilic granuloma and, 512f ameloblastic fibroma and, 428 505f external oblique ridge v., 186, 186f hypoplasia and, 345 TMJ tumors and, 570 fibrosarcoma and, 475 jaw tumors and, 410 Anger scintillation camera, tracers and, film placement and, 140, 146 262 foramen and, 183 clinical features of, 345 Angular distortion, radicular horizontal fracture and, 630 definition of, 344 and, 340 monostotic fibrous dysplasiaand, 485 differential diagnosis of, 346 Angulation. SeeHorizonu! angulation; sinusesand, 177 film of cropped enamel in, 345f Vertical angulation; Angulation squamouscell.carcinoma and, 464 management of, 346 guidelines; Bisecting-angle projections Alveolar'process fractures, dental root panoramic film of, 345, 345f, 346f Angulationprojections guidelines, and, 148b bisecting-angle . fractures v, 622 radiographic features of, 346 Alveolar ridges American Academy of Orthodontics, Ankylosing spondylitis cemental dysplasia and, 495 radiographic examination and, 274 spinal irradiation for, 40 composition of teeth and, 166, 167f American College of Radiology (ACR) , TMJ and, 564 edentulous patients and, 165 digital imaging and, 241 Ankylosis Amalgam restoration American Dental Association (ADA) clinical features of, 569 base material in, 188f cross-contamination and, 115 computed tomography (cf), 548 stainlesssteel pins and, 188f DICOM compliance and, 199 coronoid hyperplasia V., 553, 554 Ameloblastic adenomatoid tumor, 431 film mount and, 108 definition of, 569 Ameloblastic carcinoma, overview of, 466 filtration recommendations from, 60 fracture and, 568 Ameloblastic fibromas radiographic examination and, 266 radiographic features of, 569-570 ameloblastic fibro- v., 429 radiographic guidelines and, 272 Annual E, 50, 51 clinical features of, 428, 431 radiologic process and, 55 Anodes v., 392 surface cleaners and, 116 components of, 8-9, 9f differential diagnosis of, 429, 431 Amorphous masses cooling characteristics of, 12 overview of, 428 calcifying odontogenic cyst and, 400, radiographic features of, 428-429,431 4O0f ectodermal dysplasiaand, 333, 334f syn()nymsfor, 428 vertical osseousdefects and, 320, 322f synonyms for, 332 third molar and, 430f Amorphous radiopacities, Anosmia treatment of, 431 cementoossifying fibroma and, 499f, monostotic fibrous dysplasiaand, 485 unilocular outgrowth of follicle and, 500 rhinoliths and, 607 43Of Amperes, current flow and, 9 Antegonial notch, juvenile chronic Ameloblastic fibrooqontomas Amputation neuroma, 440 arthritis and, 364 adenomatoid odontogenic tumor v., 433 Amyloidosis, multiple myeloI!1aand, 475 Anterior aspect of maxilla, fractures of ameloblastic fibroma v., 431 Analgesics, rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 alveolar process and, 627 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors Analog imaging, digital imaging v., 225-226 Anterior disk displacement, MRI and, v., 423 Analog to digital conversion (ADC), 557f calcifying odontogenic cyst v., 400 overview of, 226 Anterior loop of mandibular canal, menu! examples of, 432f Analog voltage signal, x-rays and, 226, 227f foramina and, 203 overview of, 429-430 Analog voltages,exposure latitudes and, Anterior mandible, trabeculae in, 170 Ameloblastic myxomas, ameloblastic 223f Anterior mandibular occlusal projection fibromas v., 429 Anatomic structures film placement of, 157 Ameloblastomas conventional tomography and, 546 image field of, 157 additional imaging in, 420 extraoral images and, 218 point of entry in, 157 adenomatoid odontogenic tumor v., 431 image analysis and, 282 projection of central ray in, 157 ameloblastic fibromas v., 429 lateral cephalometric projections of, Anterior maxilla aneurysmal v., 505 21lf compound and, 425 benign neoplasm v., 411, 412 mandibular body and, 218f image field of, 154 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors panoramic images on, 201-209 neuromas and, 440 v., 423 posteroanterior cephalometric Anterior maxillary occlusal projection calcifying odontogenic cystand, 399 projection and, 216f film placement in, 154 central giant cell granuloma v., 502 radiographic examination, 270, 270t image field in, 154 central v., radiographic images and, 218 point of entry in, 154 465 reverse-Towneprojection and, 217f projection of central ray in, 154 clinical features of, 419 submentovertex projection and, 214f Anterior nasal spine, 173 cropped panoramic image of, 423f TMJ dysfunction and, 539 position of, 172, 172f dentigerous cyst and, 392 waters projection and, 215f Anterior occlusal films, primary dentition differential diagnosis, 420 Anemia and, 161, 16lf v., 399 multiple myeloma and, 475 Anterior open bite v., 395 radiation injury and, 38 dentinogenesis imperfecta and, 346 odontogenic myxoma v., 434 Anesthesia, squamous cell carcinoma and, rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 overviewof,419 461 Anterior sextants,panoramic images and, radiographic features of, 419-420 Aneurysmal bone cysts(ABC) 201 radiopaque sinus in, 592f central giant cell granuloma v., 502 Anteroposterior projections recurrent, 420, 424f clinical features of, 503 bifid condyle and, 554 root resorption and, 422f definition of, 503 errors in, 198 septa and, 291 differential diagnosis of, 505-506 patient positioning and, 198 INDE 69: Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Anteroposterior views of condyles, Arthrography Autoimmune mandibular condyle fractures and, internal derangement and, 555 clinical features of, 668-669 626 joint spacesand, 549f definition of, 668 Anthelmintic, cysticercusand, 601 overview of, 548-549 radiographic features of, 669 Antibiotics. SeeDrugs, antibiotics soft tissue imaging and, 548 relief of symptomsin, 670 Antiinflammatory agents. SeeDrugs, TMJ and, 269 synonymsfor, 668 antiinflammatory Arthrosis, deformans juvenilis, 552 three features of, 669 Antimicrobial therapy Articular cartilage, joint proliferation, treatment of, 670 osteomyelitis and, 377 559 Autoimmune sialosis,668 septic arthritis and, 565 Articular disk Autologous bone marrow transplantation, Antorlith, osteoma v., 586 computed tomography (CT) and,548 leukemia and, 482 Antoroliths, dental root fiagments v., 59 internal derangement of, 554 Automatic film processors,100, 103f Antra of Highmore, 576 MRI and, 549-550 contamination and, 119-120 Antral floor, periostitis and, 589 TMJ dysfunction and, 538 temperature and, III Antral polyps, retention pseudocystsv., Articular eminence Automatic replenishing system,104 582 condyle and, 540 Autosomal dominant type (osteopetrosis Antral pseudocyst,581 neonatal fractures and, 568 tarda), osteopetrosisand, 528 Antroliths panoramic projection and, 543, 543f Autosomal recessivetype (osteopetrosis clinical features of, 584 pneumatization of, 540 congenita), osteopetrosisand, 528 definition of, 584 remodeling and, 559 Autotransformer, 7f, 9-10 differential diagnosis of, 584 transpharyngeal projection, 546f Autotransplantation of teeth, cleidocrani. lateral maxillary occlusal film of, 584f Articular loose bodies, overview of, 565 dysplasia and, 648 management of, 584 Articular tubercle, sagittal plane and, 54 Avulsion maxillary sinus and, 607 Artifacts clinical features of, 618 osteoma v., 586 images and, 201 definition of, 618 radiographic features of, 584 panoramic film and, 200, 20Of management of, 619 Antrum panoramic radiograph, 271 radiographic features of, 618-619,619£ fibrous dysplasia and, 489 Artificial radiation reimplantation v" 619 image field, 155, 156 distribution of, 49f Axial CT image Apex of eminence, TMJ and, 540 three groups of, 50 fibrous dysplasia and, 488f Apex of tooth, periapical cemental Artificial radionuclides, nuclear weapon history of, 251 dysplasiaand, 492, 492f testing and, 51 MRl and, 664 Apica;i foramen Aspergillosis, 588 nasolabial cyst and, 404£ composition of teeth and, 166, 167f Aspiration, hemangioma and, 446 Axial skeleton, synovial chondromatosis dens in dente and, 342 Aspiration pneumonia, dystrophic and,565 Apical granuloma, radicular cystv., 386 calcification in tonsils and, 599 Axons, neurofibroma and, 440 Apical periodontal cyst, 385 Aspirin, chondrocalciriosis and, 566 B Apical periodontitis, inflammatory , chronic sinusitis and, 579 reaction and, 368 Asymmetries, panoramic projection and B cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma an Apical rarefying osteitis 543, 543f 478 dens evaginatesand, 344f Atheromatous plaque, calcified Backsclatter, lead foil and, 73 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma v., 478 atherosclerotic plaque and, 602 Backup, digital imaging and, 240£ Aplasia, odontomas and, 425 Atomic bombs Bacteria, gram-negative, periodontitis an( Apron, disinfecting, 115, 117f leukemia and, 41 314 Arc path, image layer and, 194 prenatal irradiation and, 39 Bacteria plaque (biofilm), dental caries Arch aesthetics,gemination and, 338 Atomic number and,297 Arterial bifurcations, calcified restorative materials and, 187 Bacterial sialadenitis atherosclerotic plaque v., 602 target with, 8 clinical features of, 667 Arteriosclerosis Atoms definition of, 667 arterial calcification and, 602 MRI and, 255-260 radiographic features of, 667 clinical features of, 602 structure of, 3-4 and, 659 definition of, 602 Atoms, hydrogen, 259 treatment of, 667-668 differential diagnosis of, 602 Atrophy, muscle, progressive myositis BAl bite-blocks management of, 602 ossificansand, 611 children and, 162 radiographic features of, 602, 602f , 354 deciduous mandibular molar projectio Arteriovenous aneurysms, hemifacial clinical features of, 354 and, 162 hyperplasia v., 650 definition of, 354 deciduous maxillary molar periapical Arteriovenous (A-V) fistula differential diagnosis of, 355 projection and, 161 additional imaging of, 450 radiographic features of, 354-355 Ball in hand appearance, clinical features of, 449-450 secondary dentin and, 360 sialogram with, 672, 672f neurilemmoma v., 440 Auditory canals Barium fluorohalide, radiographic overview of, 449 submentovertex projection and, 220, imaging and, 230 radiographic features of, 450 220f Barium glass, composite with, 189f treatment of, 450 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643 Barrier-protected film, SeeFilm, barrier Arthritidis, TMJ and, 269 Aunt Minnie analyzing method protected Arthritis, condylar hypoplasia and, 552 lesions and, 283 Barriers, surface cleaners and, 116 Arthrogram limitations of, 283 Basal cell carcinomas, basal cell nevus adhesions and, 557 Aurora borealis, cosmic ray dose and, 4~ syndrome and, 397 deformed disk and, 559f Autoclave, instruments and, 117 Basal cell nevus syndrome disk in open v. closed position and, Autoimmune disorders, staging of, 669 v" 506 558f Autoimmune lesions, ultrasonography, clinical features of, 397 perforation and, 559f 665 definition of, 397 INDEX 696 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Bilaminar zone, posterior attachment Bleeding (Continued) Basal cell nevus syndrome (Continued) hemangioma and, 446 management of, 398 (retrodiskal tissues) and, 541 odontogenic keratocyst V.,396, 398, 398f Bilateral abnormality, normal anatomy inferior condylar positioning (widened joint space) and,542 radiographic features of, 398 and,283 Bilateral fibrous dysplasia,485, 486f paper film packets and, 118 synonymsfor, 397 Bimanual palpation, stones and, 605 periodontal diseaseand, 327 Base Blindness, monostotic fibrous dysplasia amalgam restoration V., 188f Bimodal age distribution, acute leukemias and, 485 intensifying screen and, 76 and, 481 Blood cells radiolucent silicate restorations and, Binding energies, atoms and, 4 Biochemical alteration, radionuclide radiation effects on, 38f 189f imaging and, 260, 262f sickle cell anemia and, 533 Baseline images Blood count, irradiation and, 37 digital subtraction radiography and, 238, Biologic effects, direct effects and, 25 Biologic molecules, changes in, 26-27 Blood pressure, high, nutrient canals and, 238f 185 image contrast between, 238 Biopsy aneurysmal bone cyst and, 505 Blood vessels Basophilit adenoma, Cushing's syndrome benign tumors and, 410 metastatic tumors and, 466 and, 523 cemental dysplasiaand, 495 neurofibromatosis and, 441 Beam alignment device Blue sclera, osteogenesisimperfecta and, calibration and, 113 diagnostic imaging and, 282 347 disinfection of, 115 fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 Beam attenuation, x-ray beam and, 19 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 514 Blurring lateral periodontal cyst v., 399 conditions for, 245-245 Beam energy faulty radiographs and, 107b overview of, 114 polyps and, 584 diseaseand, 659 film based tomography and, 245 subject contrast and, 79 linear tomogram and, 247 Beam quality, x-ray and, 14 squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 Bird face, juvenile chronic arthritis v., 364 Body section radiography, overview of, Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome, hemifacial hyperplasia and, 649 Birth 245 hemifacial hyperplasia and, 649 Boering, juvenile arthrosis and, 553 BenceJones protein, multiple myeloma hemifacial microsomia and, 643 Boering's arthrosis, 552 and, 475 paranasal sinusesand, 576 hemifacial microsomia v., 643 Benign ameloblastomas,malignant Birth injury, neonatal fractures and, 568, Bone(s) ameloblastoma v., 466 arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 Benign 569 Bisecting-angle instrument, 125 calcium reserve in, 516 clinical features of, 435 central mucoepidermoid carcinoma enosoosesV., 416 Bisecting-angle projections, angulation guidelines and, 148b from, 465 mixed and late cemental dysplasiaV., cleidocranial dysplasiaand, 646 495 Bisecting-angle technique condylar hyperplasia and, 550-551 osteoid osteoma v., 454 mental tubercle, 183 overview of, 90, 90f, 125f disorders of endocrine systemand, overview of, 435 516 radiographic features of, 436 parallel technique VS.,62 synonyms for, 434 . periapical radiography and, )21-122 Ewing's sarcoma and, 473 Bit depths, digital detector characteristics external resorption and, 358, 359f Benign cyst of antrum, 581 focal osteoporotic bone marrow and, Benign fibroosseous lesion and, 232, 232f 655 osteosarcomav., 469 Bite-block conventional tomography and, 547 image field and, 136 radicular cyst v., 387 film placement and, 132, 138, 142, 144 implants and, 269 Benign lymphoepithelial cysts,lymph hemostat and, 164 irradiated, 380 nodes and, 671 malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 Benign lymphoepitheliallesion, 668 patient examination and, 123 projection of central ray and, 135 mixed density lesions v., 290 parotid area v., 658 moderate periodontitis and, 320, 32lf Benign lymphoid hyperplasia, parotid V., universal precautions and, 116 Bite-block, XCP, deciduous mandibular nasopalatine duct cyst and, 403, 404f 659 neurofibromatosis and, 441 Benign mixed tumor molar projection and, 162 Bitewing examinations, 299f non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 477 clinical features of, 672 osteomas and, 443 definition of, 672 overview of, 148 periodontitis and, 267 Paget's diseaseand, 508 radiographic features of, 672 periodontal diseaseand, 326 Benign mucosal cyst of sinus, 581 problems associatedwith, 299 Bitewing projections, 282 radiation damage to, 36 Benign mucous cyst, 581 radiolucent v.radiopaque materials and, Benign neoplasm, Warthin tumor as, 672 ameloblastic fibroma and, 43Of child and, 161 289 Benign tumors. SeeTumors, benign squamous cell carcinoma and, 462f Benzotriazole, developing solution and, 97 dental caries and, 298, 299f sl;tbjectdensity and, 78 Beta globulin genes, thalassemia,533 fate of incident photons in, 17t lesions and, 304f Bone, destruction, malignant neoplasms Beta particles, 5 and, 586 Bicuspids, developing, dentigerous cyst overview of, 121, 122f purposes for, 73-74 Bone algorithm, aneurysmal bone cyst and, 392 and, 505f Bifed rib, basal cell nevus syndrome and, rare-earth screens and, 198 Bone cysts 397 value of, 148 Bitewing tab (loop), horizontal bitewing desmoplastic fibromas of bone v., 454 Bifid condyle fibrous dysplasia and, 489 clinical features of, 554 films and, 149, 149f Blade implant, fixed bridge with, 678f florid osseousdysplasia and, 496, 498, definition of, 554 498f differential diagnosis of, 554 Bleeding complicated crown fractures and, 620 multiple myeloma v., 477 radiographic features of, 554 odontogenic keratocyst v., 396 sagittal tomogram showing, 555f craniofacial disjunction and, 633 periapical cemental dysplasiav., 492, treatment of, 554 crown-root fractures and, 623 Bifid (:.rown,fusion of teeth and, 336 and, 314 495f INUt~ 69/ Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

none aenslry tlony pOcKets t; acute osteomyelitis and, 375, 376f aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 Cafe-au-lait spots, neurofibromatosis and, osteopetrosis and, 529, 530£ stereoscopytechnique and, 249, 249f 442 osteoporosis and, 524 Bony proliferation, degenerative joint Calcification(s) radiographic changes and, 516 diseaseand, 561, 562f adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and, renal osteodystrophy and, 526, 528f Bony swelling 431,433f Bone destruction eosinophilic granuloma and, 509 articular loose bodies and, 565 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 512, florid osse~usdysplasia and, 496 blood vessel,602f 512f Bony tissues,MRl and, 255-260 central odontogenic fibroma and, 438 and, 382 Botryoid odontogenic cysts,lateral CT and, 664 Bone dysplasias periodontal cyst and, 398 hypophosphatemia and, 527 benign neoplasm V., 412 Brachycephalicdysplasia and, skull, 646 cleidocranial - irradiation of teeth and, 34 maxillary sinuses and, 577 Monckeberg's medial calcinosis and, Boneoverview erosiqns of, 485 . Brachycephaly 602 cleidocranial dysplasiaand, 648 overview of, 602 chondrocalcinosis and, 566 crouzon syndrome and, 641 pulpal sclerosisand, 362 joint proliferation and, 559 Brain, cysticercuscellulosae and, 601 reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f rheumatoid arthritis and, 563, 563f Branchial cleft cysts salivary gland tumors and, 672 Bone exposure, osteoradionecrosisand, 380 dermoid cystsVo, 404 sialoliths and, 666 Bone formation submandibular gland and, 659 TMJ and, 539 acute osteomyelitis and, 375 Brazil nut, radionuclides and, 50 Turner's hypoplasia and, 352 inflammatory lesions and, 367 Breast metastasis,osteosarcoma vo, 469 Waters projection and, 221 joint proliferation and, 559 Breathing, mouth, gag reflex and, 163 Calcifications, intracranial, stereoscopy osteoradionecrosis and, 380, 382 Bremsstrahlung interactions, electrons technique and, 248 Bone fracture and, 12 Calcified atheromatous plaque, calcified mandibular body fractures and, 625 Brightness, digital radiographs and, 235 triticeous cartilage Vo,607 radiographic signs of, 616 Bromide ions, 94 Calcified atherosclerotic plaque Bone grafts, condylar hypoplasia and, 552 in emulsion, 95f definition of, 602 Bone island Bruit differential diagnosis of, 602 dystrophic calcification in tonsils V., 599 cavernous hemangioma and, 605 management of, 602 mature cemental dysplasia V.,495 hemangioma and, 445 radiographic features of, 602 Bone loss Calcified carotid atheromata, calcified furcations of multirooted teeth and, 321 attrition and, 354 triticeous cartilage vo,607 juvenile periodontitis and, 324f PDL and, 170 Calcified cysticerci, locations of, 601 periapical radiograph of, 689f Buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) Calcified granulomatous disease, periodontal diseasesand, 325 clinical features of, 392 dystrophic calcification in tonsils vo, Bone marrow definition of, 392 599 gastrointestinal syndrome and, 38-39 differential diagnosis of, 393 Calcified lymph nodes, 666 leukemia, 481 effects on surrounding structures of, clinical features of, 599 Bone marrow transplant 392-393, 393f definition of, 598 multiple myeloma V., 477 location of, 392 differential diagnosis of, 599 osteopetrosis and, 531 management of, 393 management of, 599 Bone mass,osteoporosis and, 524 paradental cystsVo, 392 radiographic features of, 599 Bone measurements,dental implants and, radiographic features of, 392 Calcified material, cementoossifying 686 synonyms for, 392 fibroma and, 500 Bone metabolism Buccal carious lesions Calcified mixed odontoma, 424 fibrous dysplasiaand, 485 enamel pits and, 303 Calcified sialoliths, occlusal projections of, inflammatory lesions and, 367 lingual caries vo,303 604£ jaws and, 366 Buccal cortex, buccal bifurcation cyst and, Calcified structures periapical cemental dysplasia,492 393 ameloblastic fibroma and, 431, 432f simple bone cyst and, 405 Buccal cortical plates, fractures of alveolar radiopaque (mixed density) and, 289 Bone resorption process and, 627 Calcified triticeous cartilage acute osteomyelitis and, 375 Buccal cusps, buccal bifurcation cyst and, calcified atherosclerotic plaque Vo,602 benign neoplasm and, 411 392 location of, 606 inflammatory diseaseand, 291 Buccal object rule, 91 Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor Bone structure, periodontal diseaseand, periodontal diseaseand, 321 (CEOT) 317 Buccal pit, dentinal occlusal lesions and, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor vo, Bone trabeculae 302 433 chronic osteomyelitis and, 379, 379£ Buccal plate, moderate periodontitis and, ameloblastoma Vo,422 enlarging radiolucency in, 289 318-319,318f calcifying odontogenic cyst v., 400 Bony ankylosis, 569 Buccal roots, 178 cementoossifying fibroma Vo,501 CT scan of, 570£ central ray and, 89 clinical features of, 422 etiology of, 569, 570£ Buccinator muscle, external oblique ridge differential diagnosis for, 424 mandibular condyle fractures and, 627 vo,186, 186f radiographic features of, 422 secondary degenerative changes in, 569 Bucky, grid and, 85 synonymsfor, 422 Bony hyperplasias. SeeHyperplasia Burkitt's lymphoma Calcifying odontogenic cysts Bony investment, periodontal diseaseand, clinical features of, 478 adenomatoid odontogenic tumor vo, 326 definition of, 478 433 Bony lesions differential diagnosis of, 480 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors image layer and, 194 management of, 480-481 v., 423 occult disease and, 268 radiographic features of, 480 cementoossifying fibroma, 501 submandibular gland fossa and, 186 Burkitt's tumor, extranodal diseaseand, 480 clinical features of, 399 698 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Calcifying odontogenic cysts(Continued) Cancer, esophageal,radiation exposure Carpopedal spasm definition of, 399 and, 41 hypoparathyroidism and, 519 dentigerous cystv., 392 Cancer, intestine, enostosesv., 416 psel1dohypoparathyroidism and, 519 differential diagnosis of, 400 Cancer,jaw, classifications of, 458 Cartilage management of, 400 Cancer, salivary gland, radiation exposure condylar hyperplasia and, 550 radiographic features of, 400, 400f and, 41 osteomas and, 443 synonyms for, 399 Cancer, thYlioid, radiation exposure and, remodeling and, 557 Calcinosis,597 41 Cartilaginous lesions,jaws and, 285, 411 osteoma cutis v., 610 Cancer survivor, dental radiology and, Cataracts, radiation in atomic bombs and, Calcitonin, Paget'sdisease and, 509 482 41 Calcium Cancers, oral, overview of, 458 Cathode, overview of, 7, 8 arteriosclerosis and, 602, 602f Candida albicans,oral mucous membrane Cathode ray tube (CRT) designs, metastatic calcification and, 597 and, 33 computer monitors and, 233 pseudohypoparathyroidism and, 520 Canine(s) Cathode rays, 5 Strontium-90 v., 51 anterior mandibular occlusal projection Cavernous hemangioma, bruit and, 605 Calcium carbonate and, 157 Cavitary ,669 nidus and, 607 compound odontomas and, 425 contrast agent and, 669 rhinoliths and, 607 digital imaging and, 241 Cavitated lesions Calcium hydroxide, radiodensity and, 305 external resorption and, 358 operative treatment for, 301 Calcium hydroxide base, restorative film placement and, 130, 132, 140, 142 removal of, 312 materials as, 187, 188f image field and, 130, 132, 142 Cavitation Calcium phosphate image field of, 154 dentin and, 297 nidus and, 607 projection of central ray and, 129, 141 radiographic accuracy of, 300 soft tissue and, 597 toothbrush injury and, 355 CBCT (cone-beam computed Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate Canine fossa,cementoossifying fibroma tomography),256f deposition disease,566 and, 498 flat panel detectors and, 232 Calcium salts Canine periapical projection, mixed overview of, 255 dystr<>phiccalcification and, 598 dentition and, 162 Cell cycle, 27f soft tissue and, 597 Canine region, adenomatoid odontogenic Cell death, mitotic delay and, 29 Calcium serum tumor and, 431 Cell kinetics, radiation effects on, 29 osteomalacia and, 524 Canthomeatalline Cell recovery, process of, 29-30 parathyroid hormone and, 517 extraoral radiographic examinations Cells Calcium supplements, osteoporosis and, and, 210 categories according to cell death of, 30 524 reverse-Towneprojection (open mouth) irradiation modifying factors on, 31-32 Calcium tungstate screens,rare earth 213 Cellulitis screens vs.,57-58 submentovertex (base) projection and, periapical inflammatory lesions and, 371 , 665 213 septic arthritis, 565 vo,350 Capillary bed, arteriovenous (A-V) fistula Cemental dysplasia,492, 493f periodontitis and, 267 and, 449 cementoossifying fibroma v., 501 Calculus deposits Carbohydrates, fermentable, dental caries osteoblastomasand, 452 bitewing exam and, 148 and,297 osteoid osteoma v., 454 periodontal diseasesand, 325 Carcinogenesis, overview of, 39-41 Cementallesions, periapical cementa! Caldwell-Luc operations Carcinoma arising in dental cyst, dysplasiav., 492 mucocele and, 585 malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 Cementa! tissue, florid osseousdysplasia osteoma and, 586 Carcinoma ex mixed tumor, 674 and, 498 pseudotumor and, 588 Carcinoma ex odontogenic cyst, 464 , periapical cementa! dysplasia, Caldwell projections, squamous cell Carcinoma ex , 492 carcinoma and, 587 674 Cementifying fibroma, 498 Caldwell view Carcinomas Cemento-osseousdysplasias maxillary sinus diseaseand, 578 alveolar bone and, 283 jaw involvement and, 492 osteomasin, 443, 443f primary osseouscarcinoma v., 464 simple bone cyst and, 405 Calibration, x-ray machine and, 113 Cardiovascular systemsyndrome, overview Cemento-osseoustissue, florid osseous Calvarium of, 39 dysplasiaand, 495 lateral cephalometric projection and, Caries. SeeDental caries Cemento-ossifying fibromas (COF) 218-220,219f Carious lesions. Seealso Dental caries bone patterns in, 50Of posteroanterior cephalometric arrested, 297 cementa! dysplasiav., 501 projection and, 221-222,222f behaviors of, 266 clinical features of, 499 reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f dental floss injury and, 356 complex odontomas v., 427 submentovertex projection and, 220, initial, 297 definition of, 498 22Of occult diseaseand, 268 differential diagnosis of, 500-501 Waters projection and, 221 penetration depth of, 300 fibrous dysplasiav., 489, 500 Cancellous bone periapical inflammatory lesions and, internal structure of, 500 anatomy of, 170 371 management of, 501 fibrous dysplasia and, 485 posterior bitewing and, 299f osteoid osteoma v., 454 florid osseousdysplasia and, 495 recurrent, 310 periphery of, 499, 499f inflammatory lesions and, 367 tooth surface with, 297 radiographic features of, 499-500 Cancellous osteomas,443 treatment considerations for, 311-313 synonyms for, 498 Cancer(s) Turner's hypoplasia and, 352 Cementoblastomas,434 causesof, 458 Caronal caries, 266 panoramic radiograph of, 438f radiation induced, 39, 40 Carotid artery radiopaque lesion and, 288 stomchastic effects and, 25, 51 medial calcinosis and, 602 Cementoblasts, benign cementoblastoma Cancer: brain, radiation exposure and, 41 panoramic radiographs and, 268 v., 435 , INDEX 699 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Cementoenamaljunction (CEJ), moderate Central mandibular carcinoma, 463 Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, pyramidal periodontitis and, 318 Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma fracture and, 632 Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) clinical features of, 465 Cerebrovascular accident, panoramic alveolar crest and, 169 differential diagnosis of, 465 radiographs and, 268 bone level measurement at, 315 effects on surrounding structures by, Cervical burnout dentigerous cyst and, 388 465 carious lesion vo,300 enamel pearl and, 350 management of, 465 composition of teeth and, 166, 167f periodontal diseaseand, 316 overview o£ 465 Cervical carious lesions, 312f root surface lesions and, 304 periphery and shape of, 465 Cervical lymph nodes and, 339 radiographic features of, 465 calcified lymph nodes and, 599, 600f toothbrush injury and, 355 Central mucoepidermoid tumor, malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 , 492 malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 septic arthritis and, 565 Central nervous system,nyperpituitarism Cervical lymphadenopathy appearance of, 284f, 291 and, 521 Ewing's sarcoma and, 473 benign cementobrastoma and, 435 Central nervous systemsyndrome, HIV diseaseand, 669 cleidocranial dysplasiaand, 646 overview of, 39 Cervical spine composition of teeth and, 166 Central neuromas. SeeNeuromas lateral cephalometric projection and, concrescenceand, 337, 337f Central odontogenic fibroma 219f,220 dens in dente and, 340 clinical features of, 438 posteroanterior cephalometric hypercementosis and, 362 differential diagnosis of, 438-439 projection and, 221-222,222f root surface lesions and, 303-304 overview of, 438 radiographic examination and, 53 subject density and, 78 radiographic features of, 438 Cervical spine injuries, 3D CT and, 254 Cementum caries, root surface and, synonyms for, 438 Cervical spine region, opacity and, 204 309f types of, 438 Cervical vertebrae Central beam, tooth root and, 125 Central ray, 90 mandibular ramal area and, 202 Central bone cyst, central giant cell anterior mandibular occlusal projection panoramic film and, 200, 200f granuloma v., 503 of, 157 Cesium, flat panel detectors and, 232 Central bone lesions, benign tumors and, anterior maxillary occlusal projection Cesium-137,Nevada test site and, 51 410 and, 154 Cesium iodide, x-ray absorption and, 228 Central desmoplastic fibroma, CT image cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal CGCGoSee Central giant cell granuloma of, 455f projection, 158 (CGCG) Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) horizontal angulation and, 148 Chair, disinfection of, 115 ameloblastic fibromas v., 429 horizontal bitewing films and, 149 Characteristic curves ameloblastoma v., 420 lateral mandibular occlusal projection films and, 79, 80£ aneurysmal bone cyst v., 504, 505, 505f, and, 159 inherent latitude of film and, 82f 506f lateral maxillary occlusal projection and, InSight and, 81 benign neoplasm v., 412 156 optical density v., 77, 78f central mucoepidermoid carcinoma v., molar bitewing projection and, 153 Characteristic radiation, overview of, 13, 465 point of entry and, 153 13f central odontogenic fibroma v., 439 premolar bitewing projection and, 151 Charge packets, 227 cherubism v., 506 projection of, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, Charged-coupled device: (CCD) sensors, clinical features of, 502 137,139,141,143,145,147 228 definition of, 501-502 tooth and, 89, 89f Charged-coupled devices (CCD) differential diagnosis of, 502-503 vertical angulation and, 148 digital detectors and, 226-229 expansion of cortical plates in, 504f Central squamous cell carcinomas, 463 exposure latitudes and, 223f fibrous dysplasiav., 489, 491 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma v., 478 image and, 192 malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 Central tumors, adenomatoid odontogenic image receptors and, 198 management of, 502-503 tumor and, 431 structure of, 228f odontogenic myxoma v., 434 Central x-ray beam. Seealso X-ray beam Chediak-Higashi syndrome, periodontal radiographic features of, 502 lateral cephalometric projections and, diseaseand, 327 synonymsfor, 501 211,212t Cheek, osteoma cutis and, 609, 609f Central hemangioma. Seealso posteroanterior cephalometric Chemical action, erosion and, 356 Hemangioma projection and, 213 Chemical fogging, 96f odontogenic myxoma v., 434 reverse-Towneprojection and, 213, 218 Chemical processing, digital imaging and, overview of, 445 submentovertex (base) projection and, 225 Central incisor projections, 173 213 Chemicals, rapid-processing, 102 Central incisor roots, 174 waters projection and, 213 Chemotherapy Central incisors, 174, 175f CEOT. SeeCalcifying epithelial Burkitt's lymphoma v., 480 central ray and, 127 odontogenic tumor (CEOT) Ewing's sarcoma and, 474 external resorption and, 358 Cephalometric, extraoral projections as, 74 fibrosarcoma vo,475 film and, 148 Cephalometric film, 100 leukemia and, 482 film placement and, 138 Cephalometric imaging, 223 malignant tumors and, 572, 673 fusion of teeth and, 336, 336f CCDs and, 228 multiple myeloma vo.,477 image field and, 126, 128 dental implants and, 677, 678b non-Hodgkin's lymphoma vo,478 incisive foramen and, 175f extraoral radiographic examinations primary osseouscarcinoma and, 464 internal resorption and, 356 and, 210, 283 squamous cell carcinoma and, 463 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 401 rare earth screens and, 48 Chernobyl, radiation from, 51 projection of central ray and, 139 Cephalometry, extraoral radiographic Cherubism and, 349 examinations and, 210 aneurysmal bone cyst v., 505 Central incisors projection, edentulous Cephalos tat, extraoral radiograph and, 223 basal cell nevus syndrome vo,398 patients and, 165 Cerebral cranium, frontal sinusesand, Burkitt's lymphoma v., 480 Central lesions, follicular type of, 431 577 central giant cell granuloma v., 503 Simpo700 PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com INDEX

Cherubism (Continued) Chondroblastic osteosarcoma,469 Cleidocranial dysostosis,646 clinical features of, 506 Chondroblastomas, TMJ tumors and, 570 Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) definition of, 506 Chondrocalcinosis, 597 clinic;al features of, 646, 648 differential diagnosis, 506 clinical features of, 566 definition of, 646 jaw abnormalities and, 285f CT image of, 566f differential diagnosis of, 648 lesions in ramus and, 292 definition of, 566 management of, 648 management of, 506-507 differential diagnosis of, 566 panoramic images of, 649f radiographic features of, 506 radiographic features of, 566 radiographic features of, 647f, 648, 648f Chest, radiographic examination and, 53 synonymsfor, 566 Clinical cavity Chest radiograph synovial chondromatosis V., 565 dentin and, 301 avulsed tooth and, 619 treatment of, 566 treatment for, 307f mouth survey vs., 53 Chondrosarcoma Clinical crown, periodontal diseaseand, Chewing, secondary dentin and, 360 articular loose bodies and, 565 326 Child, init;ial dental visit, 273 clinical features of, 471 Clinical examination Children CT image of, 571f periodontal radiographic assessmentv., African Burkitt's lymphoma and, 478 differential diagnosis of, 472 315, 315b carious lesions in, 301 Ewing's sarcoma V.,474 radiographs and, 281 cherubism and, 506 histologic subtypesof, 471 Clinoid processes,lateral cephalometric chronic osteomyelitis and, 379 osteosarcomav., 469, 472 projection and, 218-220,219f cleidocranial dysplasia and, 648 overviewof,471 Clivus sinuses condyles in, 539 primary intrinsic malignant tumors and, lateral cephalometric projection and, cortical borders in, 539 571 218-220, 219f craniofacial fibrous dysplasiaand, 593 radiographic features of, 471-472,571 submentovertex projection and, 220, deciduous mandibular molar projection synovial chondromatosis V., 566 220£ and, 162 Chromatid aberration, DNA and, 27 CMOS (complementary metal oxide electrical conductance measurements Chromosome aberrations, 27f semiconductors) technology (ECM),311 discussion of, 27, 28f digital image receptors and, 299 eosinophilic granuloma and, 509 overview of, 27, 27f overview of, 229 examination coverage in, 161 Chromosome abnormalities, leukemia, 482 Coating weight, film slide and, 72t exposure factors and, 78 Chronic abscess,vertical root fractures Cobalt, gamma radiation and, 33 fibrous dysplasia and, 375 and,623 Codman's triangle fractures of alveolar process and, 629 Chronic apical periodontitis, 367 Ewing's sarcoma and, 473 greenstick fractures and, 625 Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis, fibrosarcoma and, 475 hemangiomas and, 673 377 osteosarcomaand, 460f-461£,469 hemifacial microsomia and, 643 Chronic inflammatory diseases, Cof, central giant cell granuloma v., 502 hyperpituitarism and, 521 and, 663 Coherent scattering (Classical;Elastic; hypophosphatasia and, 526 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 481 Thompson), overview of, 16-17, 17f hypophosphatemia. and, 527 Chronic myelogenous leukemia, 481 Colchicine, chondrocalcinosis and, 566 hypothyroidism and, 523 Chronic osteomyelitis Collagen, 170 juvenile arthrosis and, 553 differential diagnosis of, 379-380 Collagen fibers, desmoplastic fibroma of mandibular condyle fractures and, 627 effects on surrounding structures in, bone and, 454 maxillary anterior occlusal projection 379 Collapsing radicular cysts,CT images of, and, 161 internal structure and, 378-379, 378f 387f metastatic tumors and, 466 management of, 380 Collars, ADA recommendations for, 61 occlusal radiographs and, 271 Chronic renal failure, renal osteodystrophy Collimation orthodontic elastics and, 301 and,526 ADA on, 59 osteopetrosis and, 528 Chronic retrograde infections, salivary calibration and, 113, 114f panoramic examination and, 267 flow and, 666 tissue irradiation effects of, 58f pansinusitis and, 579 Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, florid x-ray beam and, 15-16, 15f patientmanagementwith,160-161 osseousdysplasia V., 496 x-ray beam modification and, 13 periapical and, 267 Chronic sinusitis Collimator, image layer and, 194 polyostotic fibrous dysplasiaand, 485 CT image of, 581, 581f Color phosphors, cathode ray tube (CRT) positioning, 197-198 overview of, 579 designs and, 234 progressive myositis ossificansand, 611 Ciliary dysfunction, sinusitis and, 578 CommCAT, facial skeletal images and, 197, proliferative periostitis and, 375, 377f Cingulum, dens in dente and, 342 198f radiation therapy and, 34 Circular tomography, 246, 246f Common cold, acute sinusitis and, 579 radiographic examination of, 160-162 Circumorbital ecchymosis,zygomatic arch Complete twinning, supernumerary tooth rampant caries and, 308f fractures and, 635 and,338 renal osteodystrophy and, 526 Clark's rule, 91 Complex composite odontoma, 424 rhabdomyosarcoma in, 571 Claustrophobia, MRI and, 260, 550 Complex odontoma, 424 rickets in, 525 Clavicles, cleidocranial dysplasia and, 646, ameloblastic fibroma v., 431 thyroid cancer in, 41 647f,648 Composite TMJ dysfunction and, 538 Clearing agents, fixing solution and, 98 barium glass and, 189f trabeculation of mandible and, 202 Cleft , overview of, 639 dentin and, 189f Chin Cleft restorative materials as, 187, 188f anteroposterior position radiograph alveolar ridge defects and, 64Of Compound odontomas, 424, 425, 426f and, 198 craniofacial anomalies and, 639 ameloblastic fibroma v., 431 lateral mandibular occlusal projection etiology of, 639 examples of, 427f and, 159 mandibular symphysisand, 181 Compounds, overview of, 3 Chin rotation, juvenile chronic arthritis v., Cleft palate syndromes, and, Compression fracture, Town's view of, 568f 364 351 Compton interactions, 94 Chlorines, surface cleaners and, 116 Cleft Palate Team, cleft palate and, 640 x-ray beam and, 83 INDEX 701 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Compton scattering Computed tomography (cT), reformatted Condylar hypoplasia (Continued) overview of, 17-18, 18f edentulous patients and, 681 panoramic film of, 552 photons and, 16f multiple dental implants and, 681 radiographic features of, 552 Computed tomography (CT)o Seealso Axial Computed tomography (CT) movements, Condylar movement, ankylosisand, 569 CT image types of, 246-247 Condylar neck acute osteomyelitis and, 374, 375f Computed tomography (CT) scanners condylar hypoplasia and, 552 advancedimaging procedures and, 271 conventiopal film v., 252 juvenile chronic arthritis and, 364 ameloblastoma and, 420, 422, 424f mechanical geometry of, 251£ Condylar neck fractures aneurysmal bone cyst and, 505 principles of helical, 252f overview of, 625 benign tumors on, 410, 672 Computed tomography (CT) soft tissue panoramic view of, 568f bone algorithm of maxillary lesion in, algorithm images, aneurysmal bone radiographic features of, 567-568 491f cyst and, 504 transorbital projection and, 545 cementifying fibroma in, 499f Computed tomography (CT) with contrast Condylar neoplasms cementoossifying fibroma vo,501 injection, arteriovenous (A-V) fistula benign tumors v., 570 central giant cell granuloma Vo,503 and, 449 condylar hyperplasia v., 550 chondrocalcinosis and, 566, 566f Computer monitors, cathode ray tube Condylar osteoma,condylar hyperplasia v., chronic osteomyelitis and, 380 (CRT) designs and, 233 551 chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis and, 496 Computerized axial transverse scanning, Condylar positioning, juvenile rheumatoid condyle and, 542f Godfrey Hounsfield and, 250 .arthritis and, 542 craniofacial disjunction and, 634 Computers Condylar process dental implants and, 677, 678b, 681, 683 computed tomography (CT) image and mandibular body fractures, 624, 624f dermoid cystsand, 404, 405f 251 panoramic image and, 201 desmoplastic fibromas of bone and, 454, digital imaging and, 225 reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f 455f periodontal diseaseand, 316 Condylar translation diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and, CaMS receptors, comparison of physical movement during mandibular opening 375f, 378, 378f properties of, 243t of, 542 Ewing's sarcoma involving left Concavities, dental anomalies and, 300 summit of articular eminence and, 542, mandibular condyle and, 473f Conchae, 205 542f fibrous desplasia maxillary lesion in, Concrescence Condylar tumors 491f clinical features of, 337 condylar hyperplasia v., 550 fibrous dysplasia and, 488f, 489, 491f definition of, 337 radiographic features of, 570 formation of, 253f differential diagnosis of, 338 Condyles fracture and, 568 management of, 338 acromegaly v., 521 hemangiomas and, 673 radiographic features of, 337-338, 337f anatomic structure of, 539f hemifacial microsomia and, 643 Concussion. SeeDental Concussion calcification and, 539 horizontal fracture and, 631 Condensing osteitis, dilaceration v., 340 corrected -lateral CT of, 542f Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 512 Condylar agenesis developmental abnormalities in, 550 lingual salivary gland depression and, mandibular fossav., 540 joint effusion and, 567 651,652,654f Treacher Collins syndrome v., 643 mandibular fractures of, 624 mandibular condyle and, 616 Condylar degeneration, juvenile arthrosis mandibular opening and, 540-541 maxillary fractures and, 616, 62%30 v., 553 mandibular ramus projection of, 215 maxillary sinus diseaseand, 578 Condylar displacement, submentovertex remodeling and, 557 mucocele and, 585 (SMV) projection and, 546 reverse-Towneprojection (open mouth), mucosa thickening and, 580 Condylar head 213 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 403 bifid condyle and, 554 rheumatoid arthritis and, 563, 563f neurofibromatosis and, 442f, 443 condylar hyperplasia and, 550 submentovertex (SMV) projection and, odontogenic keratocyst and, 396, 397f degenerativejoint diseaseand, 561, 545 odontogenic myxoma and, 434 562f TMJ dysfunction and, 539 osteochondromatosis and, 566, 566f fracture and,568 transcarnial projection and, 543, 543f of osteomas,445f juvenile arthrosis and, 553, 553f transpharyngeal (Parma) projection osteosarcomaof maxilla and, 470f submentovertex projection and, 215 and, 544, 546f overview of, 251, 547-548 Condylar head fractures, 567 Cone, focal spot to object and, 90 panoramic units and, 246f mandibular growth and, 568 Cone-beam computed tomography. See parotid glands and, 663, 663f overview of, 625 CBCT (cone-beam computed problems of, 200 Condylar head fragments, mandibular tomography) pterygomaxillary fissure and, 205, 207f condyle fractures and, 627, 628f Cone-cut images, 125 purpose and uses of, 663 Condylar hyperplasia single size 3 film and, 298 pyramidal fracture and, 632 benign tumors v., 571 Cone-cutting, horizontal bitewing films radiation with, 55 clinical features of, 550 and, 149, 149f salivary gland diseaseand, 660 definition of, 550 Congenital cysts,671 septic arthritis and, 565 differential diagnosis of, 550-551 Congenital development, condylar simple bone cyst and, 407f, 408f hemifacial hyperplasia v., 650 hypoplasia and, 552 skeletal fractures and, 163 osteomas v., 444 Congenital heart disease, and, soft tissue infection and, 381f panoramic image of, 551£ 335 soft tissue infections v. neoplasia and, 38( radiographic features of, 550 Congenital hemangioma, 673 squamous cell carcinoma v., 588 treatment of, 551 Congenital lymphedema, hemifacial straight septa and, 455f Condylar hypoplasia hyperplasia v., 650 synovial chondromatosis and, 565 clinical features of, 552 Congenital syphilis synovial osteochondromatosis in, 566f definition of, 552 clinical features of, 353 TMJ and, 269, 548 differential diagnosis of, 552 management of, 35~354 Warthin tumor and, 673 hemifacial microsomia v., 643 overview of, 353 zygomatic arch tractures arlO,'(,~ YJ.,(~ arthrosis v., 553 radiologic features of, 353 INDEX 702 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Craniofacial team Connective tissue Coronoid process (Continued) panoramic image and, 201 crouzon syndrome and, 641 osteoid osteoma and, 452 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 646 simple bone cyst, 405 reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f Craniometaphyseal dysplasia,osteopetrosis synovial chondromatosis and, 565 Coronoid process hyperplasia, false v., 531 Constant potential x-ray units, radiation ankylosis and, 569 Coronoid processesof mandible, Waters Craniosynostosis,crouzon syndrome V.,64, and,62 projec~on and, 221 641 Constant tube voltage (kVp) , spectrum of Cranium, craniofacial disjunction and, 633 photons and, 13 Cortical bone, 168, 169-170 expansile lesion and, 203 Crepitans, synovial chondromatosis and, Contamination response to lesion in, 293 565 barrier protected film and, 117, 118f Crepitation, craniofacial disjunction and, digital imaging and, 118 Cortical border, condyles and, 539 Cortical boundary - 633 Contrast agent(s) malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 adhesions and, 557 Crepitus odontogenic keratocyst and, 394, degenerativejoint diseaseand, 559 arthrography v...548, 549f mandibular condyle fractures and, 626 394f autoimmune sialadenitis and, 669 rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 CT images of soft tissue infection using, radicular cyst and, 386f Cortical osteomas,443 Crestal bone, periodontal diseaseand, 321 38lf Cretinism, 522 decreasein, 237f Cortical plates buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392, 393f Cros!I-Contamination,radiography and, 115 digital radiographs and, 235 calcifying odontogenic cyst and, 399, Cross-sectionalimaging, implants and, 269 insufficient, 106b Cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal panoramic images and, 281 400 progression of autoimmune sialadenitis cementoossifying fibroma and, 500 projection central mucoepidermoid carcinoma buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392-393 and,669 film placement in, 158 Conuast-enhanced CT image, parotid and, 465 mandibular body fractures and, 625 image field in, 158 gland and, 668f point of entry and, 158 Contrast enhancement, diagnostic value periodontal diseaseand, 315, 321 rapidly growing lesion and, 293 projection of central ray in, 158 and,236 Corticated margins, cystsand, 286f, 288 sialoliths and, 660, 66lf Contrast resolution Cross-sectionalmaxillary occlusal digital detector characteristics and, 232, Corticated periphery, radiopaque lesion and, 288 projection 232f film placement in, 155 T1 weighted images and, 260 Corticosteroids. SeeDrugs, corticosteroids Cosmetic surgery, fibrous dysplasiaand, image field in, 155 Conventional dental radiography, image point of entry in, 155 490f dimensions of, 282 projection of central ray in, 155 Conventional film, computed tomography Cosmic radiation external exposure and, 48 Crossover,image degradation and, 58 scannersv., 252 Conventional radiograph, squamous cell overview of, 48 Crouzon syndrome (CS) Cosmic radiation E rate, airline travel and, characteristic facial features of, 64lf carcinoma v., 587 clinical features of, 641 48 Conventional tomography , vertical root definition of, 640-641 dental implants and, 677, 678b, 681, differential diagnosis of, 641 682f fractures and, 623 Cranial bone disorders, TM] and, 269 management of, 641 internal derangement and, 555 radiographic features of, 641 overview of, 546-547 Cranial fossa,540 submentovertex projection and, 220, Crown, tooth TMJ and, 269 amelogenesisimperfecta and, 346 220f Convolutional markings, hypophosphatasia Cranial nerves, craniofacial fibrous dens in dente and, 340 and, 526 dysplasiaand, 593 and, 349 Cooley's anemia, 533 dislocated teeth and, 617 Coolidge tubes, medical usage and, 7 Cranial plane, 540 Cranial suture synostosis,crouzon fusion of teeth and, 336 Copper, heat and, 8 gemination and, 338 Coronal dentin dysplasia(type 2), dentin syndrome and, 641 Craniofacial complex, paranasal sinuses hypocalcification and, 345 dysplasiaand, 347, 348, 348f Crown-root fractures Coronal fragment, crown-root fractures and, 576 Craniofacial disjunction (Le Fort 111) clinical features of, 623 and,624 definition of, 623 Coronal image, fibrous dysplasia and, clinical features of, 633 definition of, 633 management of, 623 488f radiographic features of, 623-624 Coronal invagination, dental papilla and, management of, 634 radiographic features of, 633-634, vertical fractures in, 623-624 340, 341 Crown-to-tooth ratio, Coronal planes, MRI and, 549-550 634f Craniofacial dysjunction fractures, 629 and,326 Coronal tomography, conventional Crowns, stainlesssteel, radiopaque, 190f tomography v., 547 Craniofacial dysostosis,640 Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia Crystalline lattice atoms, 94 Coronoid hyperplasia clinical features of, 592 CT. SeeComputed tomography (CT) clinical features of, 553 Cuboid voxels, 253 definition of, 553 CT images of, 593f differential diagnosis of, 593 Curettage differential diagnosis of, 554 ameloblastic fibromas v., 429 radiographic features of, 553-554 radiographic features of, 592-593 Craniofacial lesions, monostotic fibrous aneurysmal bone cyst and, 506 sagittal tomogram of, 554, 554f buccal bifurcation cyst v., 393 treatment of, 554 dysplasia and, 485 Craniofacial microsomia, 641 calcifying odontogenic cystand, 400 Coronoid process central giant cell granuloma v., 503 anatomical overview of, 186-187 overview of, 641 Craniofacial reconstructive surgery, 3D CT Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 514 bony ankylosis and, 569 odontogenic keratocyst and, 396 condylar hypoplasia and, 552 and, 254 Craniofacial structures, developmental osteoblastomasand, 452 coronoid hyperplasia and, 553, 554f simple bone cyst and, 407-408 ost~mas v., 444 disturbances of, 639 11""'tO" IU:5 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

(.;une ((.;1),umt or measurement ana, ;:1 l;ysttcercosls (LOnUnUea) vens ill aenre Cushing's syndrome management of, 601 clinical features of, 342 clinical features of, 523 radiographic features of, 601 definition for, 340 definition of, 523 Cysticercuscellulosae, cysticercosis and, 601 demographic information on, 342 radiographic features of, 523, 524f Cytoplasm, radiation effects on, 29 differential diagnosis of, 343 Cuspids,calcifying odontogenic cyst and, enfolding of enamel and, 34lf 400 D management of, 343 Cutaneous gangrene, arteriosclerosis and, Dark spots, 106b necrosis of pulp in, 343f 602 Darkroom, 99f radiographic features of, 342 Cutaneous neurofibromas, contamination and, 118 severemalformations of, 343f neurofibromatosis and, 442 equipment for, 98-101 synonyms for, 340 Cutaneous pigmentation, McCune-Albright film processing and, 104 Dens invaginates, 340 syndrome and, 485 mounting film in, 101 - Dense bone island, 414 Cutaneous sebaceouscysts, Gardner's panoramic film and, 200 dilaceration v., 340 syndrome and, 4~5 safelight filters in, 112 Densitometers, digital imaging software Cyclotron, PET and, 262 Davidson,J. MacKenzie, stereoscopy and, 239, 239f Cyst(s), 385. Seealso specific cysts technique and, 248 Density, changing solutions and, 103 ameloblastic fibromas and, 429 Daylight loading Dental abnormalities ameloblastoma v., 419 contamination and, 120 defining, 285 calcifications in, 598f film processing and, 103-104, 103f generalizing, 283 cleidocranial dysplasia and, 648 Deafness,monostotic fibrous dysplasia localizing, 283 cortical bone and, 203 and, 485 Dental anomalies corticated margin and, 286f, 288 Death, central nervous systemsyndrome acquired, 330 CT and, 664 and,39 developmental, 330 dystrophic calcification and, 598, 598f Decalcification,irregular shapesof, 300, 303f Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643 effects on surrounding structures, Decay, amelogenesisimperfecta and, 345 Dental arch 384385 Deciduous central incisors, newborn and, external resorption and, 358 external resorption and, 358 181, 182f occlusal radiography and, 160 internal structure of, 384 Deciduous dentition Dental caries. Seealso Carious lesions; lingual salivary gland depression v., 654 dental root fractures and, 620 Cavitated lesions; Cavitation; Clinical location of, 384 fractures of dental crown in, 619 cavity; Demineralization process; normal sinus v., 179 fused, 337 Dentinal lesions; Occlusal caries; occult diseaseand, 268 fusion of teeth and, 336 Radiation caries peripheral cortex on, 287f hypocalcification/hypocalcification, 345 cancer and, 458 periphery of, 384 Deciduous lateral incisor, gemination and, child and, 273 radicular dentin dysplasia(type 1) and, 338, 338f composite restorations and, 189f 348 Deciduous mandibular molar projection, dens in dente and, 342 resorption and, 356 children and, 162 diagnostic detection tools for, 305, totally radiolucent intefi.or of, 286f, 289 Deciduous molar periapical projection 311 Cyst(s), benign, central mucoepidermoid child and, 161 external resorption v., 358 carcinoma v., 465 mixed dentition and, 162 file compression rate and, 240 Cystformation, incisive foramen and, 174 Decongestants,acute sinusitis, 581 gemination and,338 Cystlining, central mucoepidermoid Decortication, osteomyelitis and, 380 ink-jet technology and, 235 carcinoma from, 465 Deformed disk, arthrogram and, 558, 559f interaction factors in, 297 Cystic ameloblastoma Deformities, CT and, 254 internal resorption v., 358 dentigerous cyst v., 392 Degenerative changes, transorbital jaws and, 366 panoramic image of, 286f projection and, 545, 547f occult diseaseand, 268 Cystic fibrosis Degenerative joint disease (DJD) progression of, 266-267 chronic sinusitis and, 579 characteristics of, 561., 56lf radicular cyst and, 385 pansinusitis and, 579 clinical features of, 559-560 radiographic examination and, 55, 266, Cystic fluid, nasopalatine duct cyst and, condylar hyperplasia v., 551 297 401 condylar hypoplasia v., 552 talon cusp and, 351 Cystic hygromas, dermoid cystsv., 404 coronal CT image of, 562f Dental caries diagnosis, effect of Cystic lesions definition of, 559 kilovoltage on, 63 definition of, 671 differential diagnosis of, 561-562 Dental caries history, monitoring lesions radiographic appearance of, 671, 671£ internal derangement and, 555 and, 297 radiographic features of, 671 juvenile arthrosis v., 553 Dental Concussion treatment of, 671 lateral tomography of, 56lf clinical features of, 616 Cystic neoplasms, cystic salivary lesions vs, malignant tumors v., 572 definition of, 616 671 radiographic features of, 560-561 incisor periodontal ligament spacesand, Cystic odontoma, 424 remodeling v., 559 616f Cystic salivary adenoma, nasopalatine duct septic arthritis v., 565 management of, 616 cystsv., 403-404 synovial chondromatosis v., 566 pulp chamber obliteration and, 617f Cystic salivary lesions treatment of, 562 radiographic features of, 616 extraglandular and, 671 Demineralization process, radiograph of, Dental crown fractures intraglandular and, 671 311 clinical features of, 619-620 neoplasms v., 671 Dens evaginates definition of, 619 Cysticerci, 601 clinical features of, 343 management of, 620 radiographic features of, 620 Cysticercosis definition of, 343 clinical features of, 601 differential diagnosis of, 344 Dental cyst. &e Cyst(s) definition of, 600 management of, 344 Dental development, hyperthyroidism and, differential diagnosis of, 601 radiographic features of, 343, 344f 522 Simpo704 PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com INDEX

Dental examination, ameloblastoma and, Dentin dysplasia (Continued) Deviated nasal septum, mucocele v, 585 419 management of, 349 Diabetes, periodontitis and, 314 Dental film processing, machines for, 64 radiographic features of, 348 Diabetes insipidus" eosinophilic granuloma Dental floss, abrasion and, 355 two types of, 347-348 and,509 Dental floss injury Dentinal lesions, 300 Diabetes mellitus clinical features of, 355, 355f operative treatment for, 301 clinical features of, 523 differential diagnosis of, 355-356 Dentinal wbules, 300 definition of, 523 management of, 355-356 Dentinoenamel junction (DE]) periodontal diseaseand, 327 radiographic features of, 355 demineralizing front and, 299 pseudotumor and, 588 Dental hypoplasia, congenital syphilis and, occlusal lesion and, 301 radiographic features of, 523 353 Dentinogenesis imperfecta Diagnodent laser-light, carious lesions and, Dental implants. SeeImplants, dental amelogenesisimp~rfecta v., 346 305 Dental lamina clinical features of, 346 Diagnosis ameloblastoma and, 419 constriction of root, 347, 347f file compression rate and, 240 odontogenic keratocyst, 394 definition of, 346 image analysisand, 239 Dental papilla, ameloblastic fibroma and, dentin dysplasiav., 347, 349 radiographic guidelines and, 272 428 management of, 347 Diagnostic density, 63 Dental Patient Selection Criteria Panel radiographic features of, 346-347 guidelines in, 63 oral radiographic examinations and, 61 regional odontodysplasia v., 349 Diagnostic images selection criteria for oral radiography types of, 346 acquiring appropriate, 281 and, 56 Dentition osteoradionecrosis and, 380 Dental proximal caries, 303f abnormalities of, 209 quality of, 281 Dental pulp, pulp stones and, 361 aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 staging of cancer in, 458 Dental radiography cleidocranial dysplasia and, 646 Diagnostic radiology ameloblastic fibromas and, 428 examination process and, 283 dose reduction in, 55 patient dose and, 52 fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 exposure reduction in, 55 radiation,.induced cancer and, 53 hemifacial hyperplasia and, 649 salivarygland diseaseand, 659 Dental radiologist, fibrous dysplasiav., 489 hypophosphatasia and, 526 selection for preoperative planning, 686 Dental radiology, cancer survivor and, 482 panoramic imaging and, 208-209 Diagnostics, oral, CBCT and, 255 Dental root fractures. SeeFractures, tooth Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule, Diaphyseal dysplasia,osteopetrosis v., 531 root altercations to, 26 Diastema, odontomas and, 425 Dental treatment, cancer survivor and, 482 Dermoid cysts,404, 671 DICOM. SeeDigital Imaging and Dental viewbox, photostimulable phosphor clinical features of, 404 Communications in Medicine plates (PSP) and, 231 differential diagnosis of, 404 (DICOM), . Dentigerous cyst(s) management of, 404 Diet ameloblastic fibromas v., 429 nasopalatine duct cyst, 400 attrition and, 354 ameloblastoma and, 420, 424f radiographic features of, 404 dental caries and, 297 buccal bifurcation cystv., 393 Desmoplastic fibroma, central erosion and, 356 calcifying epitheli"al odontogenic tumors odontogenic fibroma v., 438 monitoring lesions and, 297 v., 423 Desmoplastic fibroma of bone Differential absorption, overview of, 19 calcifying odontogenic cyst v., 400 clinical features of, 454 Differentiating intermitotic cells, cleidocranial dysplasiaand, 648 differential diagnosis of, 454, 456 radiosensitivity and, 30 clinical features of, 388 overview of, 454 Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis,374 definition of, 388 radiographic features of, 454 bone formation and, 377 differential diagnosis of, 388 synonyms for, 454 Digital detectors internal structure of, 388 treatment of, 456 characteristics of, 232-233 odontogenic cystsand, 589 Despeckling filters, high frequency noise charge-coupled device (CCD) and, odontogenic keratocyst v., 395 and,236 226-229 periphery and shape of, 388 Destines, 330 imaging and, 226 radiographic features of, 388 Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) , Digital image printing, diagnostic efficacy supplemental teeth and, 331 imaging systemand, 83 of, 234 Dentin Detector latitude, digital detector Digital image receptors, solid-state sensors clinical cavity and, 297, 301 characteristics and, 232 and, 299 composite and, 189f Deterministic effects, 51 Digital imaging, 100, 241 composition of teeth and, 166 radiation and, 25 backup considerations in, 240b concrescence and, 338 Developer replenisher, overview of, 97 characteristics of, 225 demineralization progression and, 297 Developer solution, 100, 104 clinical considerations of, 241 dentinogenesis imperfecta and, 346, 347 constituents of, 104 computed tomography (CT) image and, hypocalcification and, 345 contamination and, 120 251, 253f lesion in, 305f exhaustion of, 102 conclusions regarding, 241, 242f, 243, occlusal caries and, 302 four components of, 97 244 optical density of, 63 overview of, 96-97,97 contamination and, 118 radiolucencies within, 307f rinsing and, 97 crouzon syndrome and, 641 regional odontodysplasia, 349 temperature of, 100 electronic devicesand, 234 root surface lesions and, 303-304 Development, film image resolution with, 58 subject density and, 78 manual tank processing and, 102 overview of, 225 tooth crown fractures and, 619 rinsing of, 97 pixels and, 226f Dentin dysplasia Developmental anomaly subtraction image and, 301 clinical features of, 348 arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 Digital Imaging and Communications in definition of, 347-348 dilaceration and, 340 Medicine (DICOM) dentinogenesis imperfecta and, 347 summary of, 330 digital imaging and, 199, 241 differential diagnosis for, 349 Developmental salivary gland defect, 651 file compression and, 240 INDEX 705 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Digital imaging softwaie, image analysis Disposable containers, contamination and, Ductal system and, 239 117 and, 668 Digital intraoral radiography, film speed Dissolution (demineralization), dental sialography and, 661 and, 57 caries and, 297 Duplicating film, 108 Digital pressure, fractures of alveolar Distal molars, cleidocranial dysplasiaand, Duty cycle, tube rating and, 11-12 process and, 629 648 Dwarfism, hypopituitarism and, 522 Digital receptors, clinical handling of, Distal oblique ,Projection, image field and, Dye-sublimation printers, image quality 241 144,146 with, 235 Digital rulers, digital imaging software Distomolar teeth, 330, 331f Dysesthesia,squamous cell carcinoma and, and, 239, 239f Distortion, 281 461 Digital subtraction radiography (DSR) anteroposterior position radiograph Dysplastic dentin, calcifying odontogenic overview of, 238-239,238f and, 198 cyst and, 399 strengths of, 238-239,238f linear tomogram and, ~4 7 Dystrophic calcification in tonsils Digital video interface (DVI) , digital-to- radiographs and, 121 clinical features of, 599 analog conversion and, 234 reverse-Towneprojection and, 218 definition of, 599 Digora system,photostimulable phosphor DNA differential diagnosis of, 599 plates (PSP) and, 231 cell cycle and, 27, 27f examples of, 600f Dilacerated roots radiation and, 39-40 radiographic features of, 599 hypercementosis v., 363 Dose synonymsfor, 599 occult diseaseand, 268 fetus and, 61 Dystrophic calcifications Dilaceration. Seealso Radicular dilaceration irradiated tissuesand, 31 atherosclerotic plaque and, 602 clinical features of, 340, 340f Dose limits, 52 clinical features of, 598 definition of, 340 Dose rate, irradiated tissuesand, 31, 32f definition of, 598 differential diagnosis of, 340 Dose reduction, diagnostic radiology and, lymph nodes and, 291 management of, 340 55 overview of, 597 radiographic features of, 340, 34Of Dose threseholds, stochastic effects and, radicular cyst and, 386f Dilated odontoma, 340, 425 25 radiographic features of, 598 panoramic film and, 343f Dosimetry residual cyst and, 388 radiographic features of, 342 overview of, 20-21 sialoliths v., 666 structure of, 427, 428f report sample of, 66f Dystrophic metabolic sialadenoses,670 Dimensional distortion, panoramic images Dot, SeeIdentification dot and, 201 Dot pitch, CRT and, 234 E Diploic space,posteroanterior Dots per inch (DPI), image quality and, E-speed film cephalometric projection and, 235 dental x-ray and, 57 221-222,222f Double contrast arthrography, disk in rare-earth screens and, 198 Diplopia open v, closed position and, 558f Eagle's syndrome, ossification of stylohyoid mucocele and, 585 Double emulsion film, image on, 83 ligament, 609 zygomatic arch fractures and, 635 Double vision, pyramidal fracture and, Ear,joint effusion and, 567 Dipoles 632 Ear canal, hemifacial microsomia and, MRl and, 256, 256f Doubling dose, genetic exposure risk and, 643 sonographyand, 263 42 Ear infections Direct digital image receptor, charge- Down syndrome, periodontal diseaseand, cleft palate and, 639 coupled device and, 226-229 327 diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and, 378 Direct effect, biologic macromolecules Drainage, osteomyelitis and, 377 Ear lobe, mandibular ramal area and, 202 and,25 Drugs, antibiotics Ecchymosis Direct exposure film, 71 acute radiation syndrome and, 39 fractures of alveolar process and, 627 characteristic curve of, 78f acute sinusitis, 581 mandibular body fractures and, 625 dental, 80 aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 Echo pattern, sonography and, 263 Disease horizontal fracture and, 631 ECM. SeeElectrical conductance maxillary sinus and, 177 mandibular body fractures and, 625 measurements (ECM) occlusal radiography and, 160 osteomyelitis and, 374, 380 Ectodermal dysplasia panoramic imaging and, 191 osteopetrosis and, 531 anodontia and, 333 radiation therapy and, 275 osteoradionecrosis and, 382 missing teeth, 334f radiographic examination and, 265 and, 373 Edema. Seealso Swelling radiographic recognition of, 166 pyramidal fracture and, 632 exposure time and, 163 trabeculae and, 171 Drugs, antiinflammatory. Seeal5o gingivitis and, 314 Diseases,acquired, condylar hypoplasia Antimicrobial therapy midface fractures and, 629 and,552 autoimmune sialadenitis and, 670 pyramidal fracture and, 631 Diseases,infectious. SeeInfectious diseases benign cementoblastoma and, 436 special patient considerations and, 162 Disk displacement degenerativejoint diseaseand, 562 zygomatic arch fractures and, 635 internal derangement and, 555 joint effusion and, 567 Edentulous alveolar bone, hyperthyroidism MRl of, 560f osteoid osteoma and, 452 and, 522 soft tissue imaging and, 548 rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 Edentulous patients. SeePatients, Disk herniation, 3D CT and, 254, 255f Drugs, corticosteroids edentulous Disk perforations, arthrography, 548 autoimmune sialadenitis and, 670 Edtavision G film, spectral sensitivities of, Disk tissue, MRl and, 550 rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 100f Dislocation secondary osteoporosis and, 524 Education, radiation safety issuesand, 66 clinical features of, 567 Drying racks, overview of, 101 Education, continuing, 67 definition of, 567 Dual energy photon absorption (DEXA), Effective dose (E), 47 differential diagnosis of, 568 osteoporosis and, 524 overview of, 21 radiographic features of, 567-568 Ductal filling defects, sialoliths and, 666 x-ray examinations and, 54t treatment of, 568 Ductal pathosis, sialography and, 663 Effective focal spot, 8 INDEX Simpo706 PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Effusion, joint Enamel, tooth (Continued) Enostosis (Continued) clinical features of, 567 hypocalcification and, 345 exostosesv., 416 definition of, 566 hypo maturation and, 345 first bicuspid and; 418f differential diagnosis of, 567 hypoplasia and, 345 Gardner's syndrome and, 445 radiographic features of, 567 internal resorption and, 356 hypercementosis v., 363 treatment of, 567 lesions and, 300 osteoid osteoma v., 454 EG. SeeEosinophilic granuloma (EG) occlusalll:sion and, 301 periapical inflammatory lesions v., 370 Ektavision film systems,crossover and, 58 optical density of, 63 in periapical positions, 372f Ektavision G film, spectral sensitivities of, radiolucency in, 308f pericoronitis v., 373 10Of radiolucent v. radiopaque materials and, radiographic features of, 416 Elastic fibers, arteriosclerosis and, 602 289 synonyms for, 414 Elastic traction regional odontodysplasia, 349 treatment of, 416 horizontal fracture and, 631 renal osteodystrophy and, 527 Enucleation zygomatic arch fractures and, 635 subject density and, 78 ameloblastic fibromas v., 429, 431 Electric current, 9 talon cusp and, 351 benign cementoblastoma and, 436 Electrical conductance measurements tooth crown fractures and, 619 calcifying odontogenic cyst and, 400 (ECM), carious lesions and, 311 toothbrush injury and, 355 cementoossifying fibroma v., 501 Electromagnetic radiation, 4, 5-6, 5f Enamel cap, composition of teeth and, central giant cell granuloma v., 503 Electromagnetic spectrum, 6f 166 lateral periodontal cyst v., 399 Electromagnetic wave, radio frequency Enamel density, amelogenesisimperfecta nasopalatine duct cyst and, 401 and, 258, 258f and, 346, 346f Environment Electron beam, CRT hues and, 233 Enamel drop, 349 maxillary sinusesand, 177 Electron binding energy, 4 Enamel formation, amelogenesis periodontal diseasesand, 325 Electron density, compton scattering and, imperfecta and, 344 and, 412 18, 18f Enamel fracture, dentinogenesis Environment, damage. SeeWastes, Electron guns, cathode ray tube (CRT) imperfecta and, 346 radiographic designs ~d, 233 . Seealso Dental Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Electron hole pairs, silicon atoms and, hypoplasia surface cleaners and, 116 227,228f pseudohypoparathyroidism and, 520 Environmental teratogenic agents, Electron scan, cathode ray tube (CRT) Turner's hypoplasia and, 352 orofacial clefts and, 639 designs and, 233 Enamel matrix, adenomatoid odontogenic Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) Electron volt, 6 tumor and, 431 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 509 Electrons Enamel nodule, 349 Langerhans' X and, 509 atom structure and, 3 Enamel pearl lesion periphery in, 51lf cathode ray tube (CRT) designs and, clinical features of, 350, 35lf Eosinophilic granuloma of jaw, Ewing's 233 definition of, 349-350 sarcoma v., 474 photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) differential diagnosis of, 350 Epidermoid carcinoma, 459, 464 and, 231 management of, 350-351 Epistaxis x-rays relationship to, 12 radiographic features of, 350, 35lf,. 352f epithelial papilloma and, 586 Electroplating methods, environmental synonyms for, 349 osteosarcoma and, 469 damage and, 105 Enamel pits pyramidal fracture and, 632 Elements, overview of, 3 amelogenesisimperfecta and, 346 Epithelial papilloma Elliptical tomography, 246, 246f buccal carious lesions and, 303 clinical features of, 586 Elongation. SeeImage elongation lingual carious lesions and, 303 definition of, 586 Ely cysts,degenerative joint disease and, Enamel rods, 303 radiographic features of, 586 561,562f radiolucent lesions and, 299, 302f Epithelium Embryo-fetus exposure, NCRP Enamelodentinaljunction, composition of odontogenic keratocyst and, 394 recommendations for, 61 teeth and, 166 squamous cell carcinoma and, 459, Embryonal periosteum, osteomasand, 443 Enameloma, 349 461 Embryopathy, bifid condyle and, 554 Endocrine glands, sialadenosisand, 670 Equipment, dental Embryos, radiation effects on, 39 Endocrine system CBCf and, 255 Emotional tension, attrition and, 354 disorders of, 516 choice of, 56 Empyema neurofibromatosis and, 441 cleaning of, III inflammatory diseaseand, 578 Endodontic therapy disinfection of, 116 overview of, 581 fused teeth and, 337 film based tomography and, 245 Emulsion gutta-percha and, 188f operation of, 62-63 changes in, 96f radicular cyst and, 387, 387f radiographic examination and choice components of, 71 silver points and, 187, 188f of,56 film mount and, 108 stereoscopytechnique and, 249, 249f Equivalent dose, radiation and, 21 film processing and, 96f vertical root fractures and, 623 erbium:YAG laser,osteoma cutis and, scanning electron micrographs of, 72f Endodontics 610 En bloc surgical resection, malignant crown-root fractures and, 624 Erosion ameloblastoma and, 466 radiographic techniques for, 164 clinical features of, 356 Enamel, tooth Endoray film holder, endodontic definition of, 356 carious lesions and, 266 radiographs and, 164f differential diagnosis of, 356 congenital syphilis and, 353 Endothelial cells, hemangioma and, 673 fibrous ankylosis and, 569 demineralization of, 298f Endothelial myeloma, 473 juvenile chronic arthritis and, 364 demineralization progression and, 297 Energy states,external magnetic field and, management of, 356 dens evaginates and, 343 257-258 osteoma and, 586 dens in dente and, 342 Enostosis panoramic projection and, 543, 543f digital detector characteristics and, 232, benign cementoblastoma v., 436 radiographic features of, 356 233f differential diagnosis of, 416 secondary dentin and, 360 INlJt~ 707 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Erupted teeth, ZSZSb Exposure output, device for measuring, Extraoral film. SeeFilm, extraoral amelogenesisimperfecta and, 345 114f Extraoral radiographic examinations Burkitt's tumor and, 480 Exposure parameters, extraoral gag reflex and, 163 hyperthyroidism and, 522 radiographic examinations and, 210 overview of, 210 odontomas and, 425 Exposure reduction, film and, 57 panoramic images and, 283 osteopetrosisand, 530 Exposure time, 79 purpose of, 271 regional odontodysplasia and, 349 cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal technique in, 210 rickets and, 525 projection, 158 Extraoral radiographic projections, 239 Erupted teeth, accelerated, systemic edema and, 163 evaluation of, 218-224 disorders and, 516 rare earth filtration and, 61 image field and, 134, 144 Erupted teeth, delayed, systemic disorders x-ray spectrum and, 13, 14f intraglandular sialoliths and, 660 and, 516 Exposures,children radiographic and, 161 - resultant images of, 212t Eruption cysts,dentigerous cyst v., 388 selection criteria for, 223-224 Erythema, gingivitis and, 314 digital subtraction radiography and, technical aspectsof, 212t Erythroblastic anemia, 533 238 usefulnessof, 224£ Estrogens,osteoporosis and, 524 emulsion changes during, 96f Extraosseoussoft tissue, arteriovenous Ethmoid air cells film density and, 78 (A-V) fistula and, 449 overview of, 576 film processing and, 63 Extraparotid tumor, parotid v., 659 polyps and, 582 image quality and, 63 Extravasation cysts,405 Ethmoid bone intraoral radiographs and, 270 Extrinsic tumors ofTMJ, locations of, 570 mid-facial area and, 204 milliampere-seconds and, 63, 63t Extrusive luxation, trauma and, 617 midface fractures and, 629 patient examination and, 123 Exudate, purulent, gingivitis and, 314 Ethmoid sinuses slower film-screen and, 82 development of, 576 standard conditions of temperature and F pyramidal fracture and, 631 pressure and, 20 F-centers, europium barium fluorohalide Ethylene oxide gas, instruments and, 117 steps for making, 122-123 and, 230 Europium barium fluorohalide stereoscopytechnique and, 249 rdLt:"'--- photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) units of measurement and, 21 cherubism and, 506 and, 230 External auditory meatus (EAM) lower radiographic imaging and, 230 lateral cephalometric projections and, lateral cephalometric projection and, Eustachian tube 211,212t 219f,220 cleft palate and, 640 posteroanterior cephalometric posteroanterior cephalometric squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 projection and, 221-222, 222f projection and, 221-222,222f _"""~ Ewing's sarcoma External exposure, cosmic radiation and, lll1UU'{; clinical features of, 473 48 posteroanterior cephalometric definition of, 473 External magnetic field, hydrogen nuclei projection and, 221-222,222£ differential diagnosis of, 474 in, 256, 257f, 258f submentovertex projection and, 220, management of, 474 External oblique ridges 220£ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma v., 478 anatomical overview of, 186, 186f upp'" osteosarcomav., 469 periodontal diseaseand, 322f posteroanterior cephalometric radiographic features of, 47~74 External pterygoid muscle, mandibular projection and, 221-222,222f Ewing's tumor, Burkitt's lymphoma v., condyle fractures and, 626 submentovertex projection and, 220, 480 External root resorption, 356 220f Excision, surgical clinical features of, 358 Face shield, film placement and, 134 adenomatoid odontogenic tumor v., definition of, 358 Facial artery, medial calcinosis and, 602 433 differential diagnosis of, 35S-359 Facial asymmetries,submentovertex (SMV) benign cementoblastoma and, 436 internal resorption v., 358 projection and, 546 benign tumors and, 571, 672 management of, 360 Facial bones central odontogenic fibroma v., 439 radiographic features of, 358 cementoossifying fibroma and, 499 neurilemmoma v., 440 reimplantation and, 619 traumatic injuries to, 624 neurofibroma and, 441 Extraction, tooth Facial clefts neuromas and, 440 benign cementoblastoma and, 436 dental anomalies and, 640 odontogenic keratocyst and, 396 concrescence and, 337 lip and palate, 639 odontomas and, 428 dentinogenesis imperfecta and, 347 Facial deformity, odontogenic tumors and, osteoblastomasand, 452 dilaceration and, 340 590 osteoid osteoma v., 454 florid osseousdysplasia and, 496 Facial fractures. SeeFractures, facial Exercise, osteoporosis and, 524 fused teeth and, 337 Facial nerve, hemifacial microsomia and, Exophthalmos hypercementosis v., 363 643 eosinophilic granuloma and, 509 internal resorption and, 358 Facial region osteosarcomaand, 469 mandibular body fractures and, 625 grids and, 85 Exostosis,412 osteomyelitis and, 377 wide latitude films and, 81 clinical features of, 414 Paget's diseaseand, 509 Facial skeleton, odontogenic myxoma arid, enostosesv., 416 periapical cemental dysplasiaand, 492, 434 radiographic features of, 414 493f False ankylosis, 569 Exponential absorption, 19, 19f periapical inflammatory lesions and, False cyst, 581 Exposure charts, checking of, 113 371 False images, linear tomogram and, 247 Exposure cycle, panoramic machine and, pericoronitis and, 373 Familial fibrous dysplasia,cherubism vo, 193 peripheral nerve damage and, 440 506 Exposure latitudes radicular cyst and, 387 Familial multiple , 495 CCD and, 223f regional odontodysplasia and, 349 Familial multiple polyposis, 444 F speed film and, 223f tooth crown fractures and, 620 enostosis and, 445, 447f PSPand, 223f vertical root fractures and, 623 film of, 447f -, INDEX 708 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Fibrous dysplasia (Continued) Film exposure,l14 Familial syndromes cherubism v, 506 characteristic curve of, 78 crouzon syndrome and, 64 common problems in, 105b-107b Treacher Collins syndrome as, 643 children and, 380 chondrosarcoma v., 472, 473 Film fog, 106b Fastintensirying screens chronic osteomyelitis v., 379 darkroom and, 98, 99f characteristics of, 77 clinical features of, 485 Film graininess, mottle and, 82 mottle and, 82 cyst-like radiolucent lesion in, 490f Film holding instruments, 91 Fast scan direction, photostimulable bitewing exam and, 148 phosphor plates (PSP) and, 231 definition of, 485 differential diagnosis of, 489 bitewing projection and, 161,298 Fast speed films early radiolucent lesions in, 487, 487f edentulous patients and, 165 dental x-ray and, 57 expansion of mandible caused by, 49li film placement and, 134, 136, 146 exposure latitudes and, 223f horizontal angulation and, 148 rare-earth screens and, 198 ill-defined borders i_n,288, 289f inferior alveolar nerve canal and, 293 overview of, 125 Fast-spinechoT2-weighted images, MRl patient examination and, 123-124 and, 664 . internal patterns of, 490f juvenile ossifying fibroma v., 501, 50li periapical films and, 61 Fat images management of, 489, 491 projection of central ray and, 131, 135, MRl and, 664 143,145,147 relaxation time and, 259 osteomyelitis v., 375 osteosarcomav., 469 sterilizing, 117 subject density and, 78 Film images, monitor and, 234 Fatigue, multiple myeloma and, 475 overview of, 592 Paget's diseasev., 508 Film latitude, overview of, 81 Favorable fractures, mandibular body Film mount, radiographs in, 108, 108f pericoronitis v., 373 fractures as,625 Film optical density. SeeOptical density Feature extraction, image analysisand, 239 periphery of, 487 posterior maxilla and, 487, 487f Film orientation, positioning in, 72 Femur, Paget's diseasein, 507 Film packets Ferromagnetic metals, MRl and, 260 radiographic features of, 485-489 simple bone cyst v., 405, 407 contamination and, 117, 118f, 120 Fetor, rhinoliths and, 607 cross

First molar Focal plane Fractures, tooth root aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 film based tomography and, 245 clinical features of, 620 calcifying odontogenic cyst and, 400 linear tomogram and, 247 definition of, 620 central giant cell granuloma and, 502 Focal sclerosing osteitis, radiopaque differential diagnosis of, 621 central ray projection and, 153 presentations of, 367 intraoral periapical films and, 615 congenital syphilis and, 353 Focal spot, 8, 9f management of, 621 film placement and, 126 film density and, 78 radiographic features of, 620-621,62lf image field and, 132, 142 size of, 115' radiographic signs of, 616 First premolar target size and, 8, 9f Fractures of alveolar process premolar bitewing projection and, 150 x-ray tube and, 86 clinical features of, 627, 629 projection of central ray and, 133 Focal spot-to-object distance, 86, 88f, 89 definition of, 627 Fissures cone and, 90 management of, 629 buccal carious lesions and, 303 Focal spot-ta-spot distance (FSFDs) radiographic features of, 629, 629f lingual carious lesions and, 303 ADA and, 58 Fractures of teeth, complicated, Fistula (parulis). See"alsoArteriovenous effect of on tissue, 58f uncomplicated vo,619-620 (A-V) fistula Focal trough, 194f Fragmentation, arteriosclerosis and, 602 periapical inflammatory lesion and, 368 mandible in, 195f Free induction decay (FlD), resonant RF squamous cell carcinoma originating in panoramic image and, 193 pulse and, 259 cyst and, 464 Focused grids, x-ray and, 84 Free radicals, direct effect and, 25 Fistula tract, chronic osteomyelitis and, 379f Focusing cup, 8, 8f Free silver ions, 94 Fixed postmitotic cells, radiosensitivity FOD. SeeFlorid osseousdysplasia (FOD) Frequency, 5 and,30 Fogging, 99. Seealso Film fog Frontal bones Fixer, 94, 98, 100 safelight filters and, 112 Gardner's syndrome and, 445 constituents of, 104 x-ray film and, 80 hemifacial hyperplasia and, 650 environmental damage and, 104 Follicular cyst, 388 mid-facial area and, 204 Fixing film, manual tank processing and, adenomaoid odontogenic tumor and, midface fractures and, 629 102 433 Frontal sinuses Fixing solution Food, radionuclides and, 49 craniofacial disjunction and, 634 components of, 98 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), development of, 576-577 function of, 96f, 97-98 radiographic guidelines by, 272, 274t osteomasof, 443, 443f, 444 temperature of, 100 Foreshortened, tooth image being, 90 pyramidal fracture and, 631 Fixing tank, 99, 104 Forme fruste manifestations, Waters projection and, 221 Flat panel detectors, extraoral imaging neurofibromatosis and, 441, 442f Frontal view, horizontal fracture and, 630f devices and, 231 Fourier transform, roles of, 259 Frontal views of condyles, mandibular F1ip angle of 90 degrees, 259 Fractionation, x-ray dose and, 33 condyle fractures and, 626 F1occulentpattern, cementoossifying Fracture line, horizontal fracture and, Full-mouth examination (FMX), 121, 122 fibroma and, 500, 500f 631 intraoral radiographs and, 270 F1oor of maxillary sinus, bone and, 179 Fractures, crown fractures. SeeDental Fundamental particles, radiology and, 3 F1orid cemento-osseousdysplasia, 495 crown fractures Furcations, periodontal diseaseand, 321, F1orid osseousdysplasia (FOD) Fractures, dental. Seealso Pathologic 322 clinical features of, 496 fracture Fused roots, dilaceration vo,340 definition of, 495 airspace and, 207 Fusion, gemination vo,338 differential diagnosis of, 496 bifid condyle V., 554 Fusion of teeth management of, 496, 498 bilateral, TMJ ankylosis V., 569 clinical features of, 336 Paget's diseasev., 508 complex, computed tomography (CT) definition of, 336 periapical cemental dysplasia v., 496 and,548 differential diagnosis of, 337 radiographic features of, 496 crown, radiograph appropriate for, 615 management of, 337 synonyms for, 495 divisions of, 567 radiographic features of, 336 F1uid intake, autoimmune sialadenitis and, hypocalcification and, 345 670 internal resorption and, 356 G F1uids mandibular symphysisand, 181 Gadolinium, flat panel detectors and, 232 acute radiation syndrome and, 39 monitoring healing of, 635-636, 636f Gadolinium contrast, cystic lesions and, adhesions and, 557 neonatal 671,67lf inferior condylar positioning (widened condyle and, 569f Gadolinium oxybromide compounds, x-ray joint space) and,542 rudimentary condyle and, 568 absorption and, 228 F1uoride occlusal radiography and, 160 Gag reflex caries and, 266 osteoporosis and, 524 film placement and, 134 demineralization process and, 311 panoramic projection and, 543, 543f radiographic examination and, 163 radiation caries and, 305 periapical inflammatory lesions and, Gallium scans,septic arthritis and, 565 remineralization and, 297 366 Gamma, decreasein, 237f F1uoride, topical, radiation caries and, 35 periapical radiographs and, 163 Gamma-emitting isotopes, radionuclide- F1uoride exposure, monitoring lesions peripheral nerve damage and, 440 labeled tracers and, 260 and,297 radiographic signs of, 616 Gamma scintillation camera, tracers and, F1uoride rinse, erosion and, 356 renal osteodystrophy and, 526 262 F1uorine, PET and, 262 squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 Gamma value, digital imaging and, 236 Focal osteoporotic bone marrow tooth root, sinus and, 593 Gardner's syndrome clinical features of, 655 unilateral, 567 cleidocranial dysplasiavo, 648 definition of, 654 Fractures, facial, radiography and, 624 desmoplastic fibroma of bone and, 454 differential diagnosis of, 655 Fractures, tooth crown enostosisvo, 416, 445 management of, 655.fj56 prognosis for, 620 osteomaswith, 446f postulated etiology of, 654 pulp and, 619 overview of, 444-445 radiogra~hic features of, 655, 655f three categories of, 619 treatment of, 445 710 INDEX Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Garres chronic nonsupppurative sclerosing Gingiva (Continued) Growth, radiation in atomic bombs and, osteitis, 377 film placement and, 142, 152 41 Garre's osteomyelitis, 374 fractures of alveolar process and, 627 Growth hormone, hyperpituitarism and, Gastric reflux, erosion and, 356 pericoronitis and, 373 5'11 Gastrointestinal disorders, erosion and, primary carcinomas and, 459 Gutta-percha markers 356 segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia CT study using, 685f, 686 Gastrointestinal syndrome, radiation injury and, 651 endodontic therapy and, 188f and, 38-39 , lateral periodontal cyst v., Gutta-percha point, vertical osseous Gastrointestinal tract, progressive systemic 398 defects and, 320, 321f sclerosisand, 531 Gingival margin, 314 Gyral markings, hypophosphatasia and, Gaucher's disease,multiple myeloma v., lesion in proximal surfaces and, 300 526 477 GBX-2 filter, spectral sensitivities of, 100, root exposure in, 31J9f H 10Of . root surface lesions and, 303-304 Half-value layer (HVL) GeminatiQn (Twinning) Gingivectomy, crown-root fractures and, exponential absorption and, 19, 19f, 20 clinical features of, 338 624 minimum, 60t definition of, 338 Gingivitis, 267 x-ray and, 14 differential diagnosis of, 338 chronic infectious diseasesand, 314 Half-wave rectified, x-ray and, 11 management of, 338-339 eosinophilic granuloma and, 509 Halide ions, changing solutions and, 102 radiographic features of, 338 periodontitis v., 314 Haliermann-Streiff syndrome, Treacher Gendex #2 CCD sensor,229£ Gingivitis scores,progressive systemic Collins syndrome v., 646 Gendex #2 PSPplate, 229f sclerosis and, 531 Halo shadow,lesions and, 370, 37lf Gendex Denoptix system,plate reading Glandular fibrosis, autoimmune Hamartomas and, 231 sialadenitis and, 669 hemangioma v., 445 Gene mutations Glandular swelling, and, 669 jaw tumors and, 410 radiation and, 42 Glenoid fossa osteomasand, 443 supernumerary teeth and, 330 anatomical relationship of, 539 Hamular process, trabeculae and, 181, Genetic diseaSes,neurofibromatosis and, chondrocalcinosis and, 566 18lf 441 mastoid air cells, 207 Hand-Schilller-Christian disease, Genetic effect, stomchastic effect and, 51 neonatal fractures and, 568 Langerhans' X and, 509 Genetics TMJ and, 202 Hand washing, patient procedure and, 122 complete twinning and, 338 transpharyngeal projection, 546f Hangers, manual tank processing and, fusion of teeth and, 336 Glenoid fossa. SeeMandibular fossa 101, 10lf periodontitisand,314 Globular sialectasis,sialectasis v., 669, Hard palate, lateral cephalometric torus palatinus and, 412 670f projection and, 219f, 220 Genial tubercles (mental spine) Globulomaxillary cysts,former cystsand, Hard tissue imaging mandible and, 182 405 panoramic projection of, 543, 543f overview of, 181-182 Glossopharyngeal nerve, ossification of transcranial projection and, 543, 543f Genioglossusmuscles, genial tubercles stylohyoid ligament and, 609 Hardeners, fixing solution and, 98 and, 181-182 Gloves Head Geniohyoid muscles,genial tubercles and, contamination and, 120 reverse-Towneprojection (open mouth), 181-182 cross-contamination and, 115 213 Geometric blurring, 83 Glucocorticoid, Cushing's syndrome and, x-ray machine and, 9 Germination, fusion of teeth and, 337 523 Head alignment Gestant odontome, 340 Gold, restorative materials as, 187, 187f panoramic radiographs and, 199f Gestation, prenatal irradiation and, 39 Gold salts, rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 patient positioning and, 197-198 Ghost images Goldenhar syndrome, 641 Head lesions, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) Gonad dose and,509 and, 231 abdomen and, 53 Headache, rhinoliths and, 607 x-ray beams and, 207 dental radiography and, 52 Healing Giant cell granulomas. SeeCentral giant males and, 42 fractures and, 635-636 cell granulomas (CGCG) oral radiography and, 61 simple bone cyst and, 407, 4O8f Giant cell lesions, 501 Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, 397 Healing odontogenic cyst, rhinoliths v., TMJ tumors and, 570 Granular cell ameloblastic fibroma, 428 608 Giant cell reparative granuloma, 501 Granular sclerotic bone, chronic Heart Giant cell tumor, 501 osteomyelitis and, 379 cysticercuscellulosae and, 601 Giant cell tumor, benign, central giant cell Granulomas progressive systemicsclerosis and, 531 granuloma v., 501, 502 nasopalatine duct cystv., 401 Heart failure, progressive systemicsclerosis Giant osteoid osteoma primary osseouscarcinoma v., 463 and, 531 clinical features of, 450 radicular dentin dysplasia (type 1) and, Helium, atomic structures of, 4f differential diagnosis of, 450-452 348 Hemangiomas overview of, 450 Graves' disease,522 clinical features of, 445-446, 673 radiographic features of, 450 Gray levels, digital detector characteristics definition of, 673 Giantism, 520 and, 232, 232f developing dentition and, 449f hypercementosis and, 362 Greenstick bone fractures differential diagnosis of, 448 hyperpituitarism and, 521 cortical plate and, 625 hemifacial hyperplasia v., 650 Gigantiform cementoma, 495 osteomalacia and, 525 neurilemmoma v., 440 Gingiva rickets and, 525 phleboliths and, 605, 606, 6O6f acute leukemias and, 481 Grid ratio, 84 radiographic features of, 447, 673 digital detector characteristics and, 232, Grids. SeeRadiographic grids treatment of, 448-449 233f Grids, x-ray, 84, 84f Hematologic disorders, periodontal dystrophic calcification and, 598 Gross caries, positioning patient and, 208 diseaseand, 327 INDEX 711 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Hematopoietic marrow, focal osteoporotic HIV infection Hypercalcemia of malignancy, metastatic bone marrow and, 654 autoimmune sialadenitis v., 669 calcification and, 608 Hematopoietic stem cells multicentric parotid cystsand, 671 Hyperce.mentosis acute radiation syndrome and, 37-38 universal precautions and, 115 acromegaly v., 521 leukemia and, 482 Holding instrument. SeeFilm holding attrition and, 355 Hematopoietic syndrome, acute radiation instruments benign cementoblastoma v., 436 syndrome and, 37-38 Homozygous diseases, sickle cell anemia and, 533 ' definition of, 362 Hematopoietic system,malignancies of, differential diagnosis of, 363 475-482,475-484 Horizontal angle, bitewing examinations enostosesv., 416 Hemifacial hyperplasia, 649 and, 148, 161 hyperpituitarism and, 521, 522f clinical features of, 649-650 Horizontal angulation management of, 363 definition of, 649 film placement and, 132 occult diseaseand, 268 differential diagnosis of, 650-651 horizontal bitewing firms and, 148 Paget's diseaseand, 508, 51lf management of, 651 molar bitewing projection and, 152 radiographic features of, 362-363 mandible and, 20~ projection of central ray and, 127, 133, Hypermobility, degenerativejoint disease radiographic features of, 650, 650f 145 and, 559 , 649 torus palatinus and, 412, 413f Hypermobility ofTMJ, mouth opening Hemifacial hypoplasia, 641 tube head and, 148 and, 542 Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) Horizontal beam angle, transcranial Hyperocclusional teeth, hypercementosis clinical features of, 643 projection and, 544 and,362 definition of, 641, 643 Horizontal bitewing films, overview of, Hyperostosis (exostosis), 412, 414 differential diagnosis of, 643 148-149 osteomasv., 444 infant with, 644£ Horizontal bone loss, moderate periapical film of, 417f management of, 643 periodontitis and, 319, 319f, 320f Hyperparathyroidism, 520f radiographic features of, 643 Horizontal distortion, image layer and, calcification of tissuesand, 608 Hemimaxillofacial dysplasia,651 194 central giant cell granuloma v., 503 Hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia and, 533 Horizontal fracture, 629 definition of, 517 Hemophilia, periodontal diseaseand, 327 clinical features of, 630 fibrous dysplasia and, 489 Hemorrhage definition of, 630 medial calcinosis and, 602 arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 management of, 631 multiple myeloma v., 475, 477 localized (traumatic) myositis ossificans radiographic features of, 630-631 Hyperphosphatemia, renal osteodystrophy and, 610 Horizontal overlapping, central ray and, and, 526 metastatic tumors and, 467 125, 125f Hyperpituitarism squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 Horizontal tooth crown fractures, clinical features of, 521 zygomatic arch fractures and, 635 prognosis for, 620 definition of, 520 Hemorrhage, spontaneous, acute Hormonal sialadenoses,670 hypercementosis and, 362 leukemias and, 481 Hormone changes radiographic features of, 521 Hemorrhagic aspirate, aneurysmal bone fibrous dysplasiaand, 491 synonyms for, 520 cyst and, 505 periodontal diseaseand, 327 Hyperplasia of bone marrow, sickle cell Hemorrhagic bone cyst,405 Hormone treatment, metastatic tumors anemia and, 533 Hemostat, mandibular projections and, and, 467 Hyperplasias 164 Host bone, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, false ankylosis and, 570 Heparin therapy, secondary osteoporosis 477 hamartoma v., 410 and,524 Hounsfield units, computed tomography jaw tumors and, 410 Hepatitis strains, 115 (CT) scanners and, 252f overview of, 412 Hepatomegaly, acute leukemias and, 481 Hutchinson's teeth, congenital syphilis thalassemiaand, 534, 535f Hereditary opalescent dentin, 346 and,353 Hyperplastic follicle Hertwig's epithelial root sheath HVL. SeeHalf-value layer (HVL) ameloblastic fibromas v., 429 dens in dente and, 340 Hyaline cartilage, calcification and, 606 dentigerous cyst v., 390 enamel pearl, 350 Hydraulics, cystsand, 286f, 289 Hyperplastic parathyroid glands, excess Heterogeneous radiopacities, antroliths Hydrogen PTH and, 517 and,607 atomic structures of, 4f Hypertelorism Heterotopic bone MRI and, 256 basal cell nevus syndrome and, 397 overview of, 597 Hydrogen nuclei, 259 crouzon syndrome and, 641, 64lf progressivemyostis ossificansand, 611 external magnetic field and, 256, 257f, Hyperthyroidism Heterotopic calcification 258f cortical bone and, 203 degenerative processesand, 597 MRI and, 256, 256f, 257f definition of, 522 three categories of, 597 Hydrogen peroxide, biologic molecules radiographic features of, 522 Heterotopic ossification, soft tissue and, and,26 synonyms for, 522 597 Hydroquinone, radiology and, 97 Hypocalcemia Heterozygous diseases Hydroxyl free radicals, molecules and, 26 hypoparathyroidism and, 519 hypophosphatasiaand, 526 Hygiene program pseudohypoparathyroidism and, 519 thalassemiaand, 533 florid osseousdysplasia and, 496 renal osteodystrophy and, 526 High contrast rampant caries and, 302 secondary hyperprrathyroidism v., image and, 79 Hyoid bone, ossification of stylohyoid 517 \ radiograph showing, 79f ligament and, 609 Hypocalcification ~ High contrast anatomy, film based Hyperbaric oxygen therapy amelogenesis imperfecta and, 345 tomography and, 245 osteopetrosis and, 531 systemicdisorders and, 516 High voltage transformer, 7f, 10 osteoradionecrosis and, 382 Hypocalcified enamel, gemination and, Histogram equalization, 236 Hypercalcemia 338 Histopathology, cancer classification and, multiple myeloma and, 475 Hypocycloidal tomography, 246, 246f 458 primary hyperparathyroidism and, 517 facial skeletal images and, 197 712 INDEX Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Hypodontia, 330 Image clarity Image restoration, pixels and, 235 clinical features of, 332 focal spot and, 86 Image shape distortion, 89-90 psychological distress, 333 methods for minimizing loss of, 86-87, Image sharpness' synonymsfor, 332 87f intensifying screens and, 83 transposition and, 336 sharpness and, 86 light and, 83 Hypoechoic, Warthin tumor and, 673 Image compression. Seealso File Image sites, developing process and, 97 Hypoesthesia, neurovascular canals and, compression Image sizedistortion. SeeMagnification 469 digital imaging and, 240 Image spatial resolution, 86 Hypomaturation, amelogenesisimperfecta Image contrast Image transformation graphs, effect of and, 345 changing solutions and,. 103 brightness on, 237f Hypomineralization, Turner's hypoplasia digital subtraction radiography and, 238 Images, number and type of, 281-282 and, 352 reference film and, 110 Images, panoramic, neck area and, 208f Hypoparathyroidism Image degradation, reasons for, 58 Imaging chain, 226 clinical features of, 519-520 Image density, milliampere-seconds and, 63 Imaging stents hypocalcemia ~d, 519 Image elongation dental implants and, 686 radiographic features of, 520 image and, 89f examples of, 687f Hypophosphatasia vertical angulation and, 148, 148b purpose of, 686 clinical features of, 526 Image enhancement, overview of, 235 Imaging system,selecting, 243 definition of, 526 Image field Imaging techniques radiographic features of, 526 anterior mandibular occlusal projection diagnostic information provided by, 543, Hypophosphatemia in, 157 544t-545t children v. adults with, 527 anterior maxillary occlusal projection restorative procedures and, 677, 6781> clinical features of, 527 and, 154 Imatron, CT technology and, 255 definition of, 527 central incisors in, 126 Immobilization periodontal diseaseand, 327 cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal craniofacial disjunction and, 634 radiographic features of, 527-528 projection in, 158 hemangioma and, 448 synonymsof, 527 lateral mandibular occlusal projection Immune status, periodontitis and, 314 Hypopituitarism and, 159 Immunosuppressive disorders, clinical features of, 522 lateral maxillary occlusal projection and, osteomyelitis and, 374 definition of, 521 156 Immunosuppressive therapeutic agents, radiographic features of, 522 molar bitewing projection and, 152 autoimmune sialadenitis and, 670 treatment of, 522 periapical areas in, 126 Immunotherapy, metastatic tumors and, Hypoplasia premolar bitewing projection and, 150 467 amelogenesisimperfecta and, 345 Image formats, digital imaging and, 240 Impacted molars, osteogenesisimperfecta condylar fractures and, 568 Image histogram, gray values and, 235, and, 347 mandible and, 203 236f Impacted teeth, 92 overview,576 Image layer adenomaoid odontogenic tumor and, rickets and, 526f overview of, 193-194,193f, 195 431 systemicdisorders and, 516 panoramic imaging and, 191 adenomaoid odontogenic tumor v., Hypoplasia of external ear, Treacher patient positioning in, 197-198 433 Collins syndrome and, 643 Image management software, 235 ameloblastic fibroma and, 431 Hypoplasia of microtia, hemifacial Image processing, dental radiography and, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors microsomia, 643 235 and,423 Hypoplastic dentin, regional Image quality external resorption and, 358 odontodysplasia and, 349, 350f collimators and, 15 image field and, 136, 144, 146 Hypoplastic enamel factors in, 63, 83 microdontia and, 335f gemination and, 338 film speed and, 57 multiple myeloma and, 475 regional odontodysplasia and, 349, 350f lead foil and, 73 occlusal radiography and, 160 rickets and, 525, 526f overview of, 83-84 odontogenic myxoma and, 434 Hypoplastic maxilla, crouzon syndrome processing solutions and, 63 radiographs and, 91 and, 641 reference film and, 110 Impacted third molars, panoramic images Hypoplastic pits, dental anomalies and, sharpening filters and, 236 and, 209 300 smoothing filters and, 236 Impaction, odontomas and, 425 Hyposphosphatemic rickets, 527 Image receptor Implant imaging, summary of techniques Hypothyroidism equipment choice of, 56 for, 679t children and, 523 extraoral radiographic examinations Implant imaging techniques, endosseous synonyms for, 522 and, 210 implants and, 677, 678f, 679t lateral cephalometric projections and, Implants. Seealso Osseointegrated implants 211,212t Implants, blade, fixed bridge with, 678f Identification dot, film processing and, submentovertex (base) projection and, Implants, dental 108 213 cleidocranial dysplasiaand, 648 Idiopathic calcification, 60~608 Image receptor blurring clinical considerations for, 269 overview of, 597 overview of, 82-83 3D CT and, 255 Image, subject thickness and, 78 silver grains and, 82 film based tomography and, 245 Image, panoramic. SeePanoramic images; Image receptors and, 333 Panoramic imaging overview of, 198-200 image of successful,69lf Image analysis,282 quality assuranceprogram and, 110 imaging for, 677 diagnosis and, 239 radiography and, 94 overview of, 677, 678f overview of, 281 Image resolution patterns of bone morphology in, 680f three steps of, 239 digital imaging and, 58 periapical film and, 689f Image archiving, digital imaging and, photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) peripheral nerve damage and, 440 239 and, 231 preoperative planning with, 269 INDEX 713 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Implants, dental (Continued) Infections, dental (Continued) Inflammatory lesions (Continued) radiographic visualization of potential resorption and, 356 periphery of, 367 sites for, 683 septic arthritis, 565 radiographic features of, 366-367 stereoscopytechnique and, 249 sinusitis and, 579 reaction in bone of, 320 successfactors of, 690 Infections, viral Inflammatory lesions of jaws, Langerhans' wide-angle tomography and, 247, 248f autoimmune sialadenitis v., 669 tell histiocytosis V.,512 Implants, endosseous,radiographic signs inflammatory disease and, 578 Inflammatory odontogenic disease, associatedwith failing, 690t Infectious arthritis, 564 maxillary sinusesand, 577 Implants, root-form, types of, 678f Infectious diseases,surface cleaners and, Inflammatory periapical disease,multiple Implants, subperiosteal, denture support 116 myeloma and, 475 and, 678f Inferior alveolar nerve canal (lAC), 285 Inflammatory periapical keratocysts, Incident beam, differential absorption bone density and, 516 squamous cell carcinoma originating and, 19 cementoossifying fibroma and, 499 in cyst and, 464 Incident photon, 17 central giant cell granuloma and, 502 Inflammatory pseudotumor, 588 Incipient caries, resolution of image and, cystsand, 384 Inflammatory residual keratocysts, 72 ' dentigerous cyst and, 390 squamous cell carcinoma originating Incipient proximal enamel lesions, 302f fibrous dysplasia and, 293 in cyst and, 464 Incisal edge fracture florid osseousdysplasia and, 496 Inflammatory response right maxillary central incisor and, 622f hemangioma and, 448, 448f aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 right maxillary lateral incisor and, 620f jaw abnormalities and, 285 oral radiation therapy and, 33 Incisive canal cyst, 400 neurilemmoma and, 439, 439f Inflammatory sinusitis, malignant Incisive foramen odontogenic keratocyst and, 395 neoplasms V., 586 central incisors and, 175f osteoblastomasand, 45If Infrabony defect, vertical osseousdefects nasopalatine duct cyst v., 401 residual infected cyst, 388, 388f and, 319 overview of, 174 Inferior border of jaw, fibrosarcoma and, Infractions, dental crowns and, 619 Incisive sutures, 174 475 Inherent filtration, 15 Incisocervical groove, fusion of teeth and, Inferior condylar positioning (widened Inherited disorders, hypophosphatasia 336 joint space), fluid in joint and, 542 and, 526 Incisor crowns, congenital syphilis and, Inferior dental nerve, neurofibroma and, Inital periodontal disease,cortical density 353 441, 44If and, 318f Incisor periapical films, children and, Inferior joint space Initial visit, child and, 273 162 interarticular disk and, 540 Injuries, jaw, internal derangement and, Incisors radiographicjojnt spacev., 541, 54If 554 aggressweperiodontitis and, 324 Inferior lamina, condyle and, 541 Injury, follow-up radiographs for, 615 calcifying odontogenic cyst and, 400 Inferior mandibular border, periapical Injury, whiplash, internal derangement erosion and, 356 projections and, 186, 186f and, 555 image field and, 138 Inflammation Inkjet printers, 235 root canals at, 167f aggressiveperiodontitis and, 322, 323 Input values, output values V., 236, 237f toothbrush injury and,. 355 buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392 InSight film four signs of, 366 - Incremental scanners,computed characteristic curves and, 81£ tomography (CT) and,251 hypercementosis and, 362 composition of, 71 Indirect effects, overview of, 26 juvenile chronic arthritis and, 364 electron micrograph of, 72f, 73f Industrial products, annual E and, 50 periodontitis and, 314 spectral sensitivities of, 100f Infantile cortical hyperostosis, of sinus, 178 Instruments, dental, maxillary projections osteopetrosisv., 531 T2-weighted pulse sequencesand, 550 and, 164 Infants Inflammation, chronic Instruments, film holding. SeeFilm Letterer-Siwe diseasein, 510 dystrophic calcification and, 598 holding instruments mandibular symphysisin, 181 resorption of teeth and, 286f, 292 Intensifying cassette osteopetrosis and, 528 Inflammatory arthritidis, degenerative purpose of, 75, 76f progressivemyositis ossificansand, 611 joint diseasev., 562 screen phosphors and, 75 rickets in, 525 Inflammatory collateral dental cyst, 392 Intensifying screens, 71, 82 Infection, secondary, cemental dysplasia Inflammatory disease cleaning of, 112 and,495 bone resorption and, 291 composition of, 75 Infection control causesof, 578 factors affecting resolution of, 76-77 dental personnel and, 115-120 overview of, 588-589 films with, 80 film processing and, 104 squamous cell carcinoma v., 461 flat panel detectors and, 231 purpose of, 110 TMJ and, 269 function of, 74, 75, 75f steps in, 115b Inflammatory exudate, acute osteomyelitis image sharpnessand, 83 Infections, bacterial, autoimmune and, 375 panoramic radiography and, 198 sialadenitis v., 669 Inflammatory host response, bacteria and, phosphors fluoresce in, 75 Infections, dental 314 rare earth elements used in, 76t ankylosis and, 569 Inflammatory infections, multiple rare earth phosphors in, 57 chronic sinusitis and, 579 myeloma v., 477 Intensity concrescenceand, 337 Inflammatory joint disease,psoriatic subject contrast and, 79 condylar hypoplasia and, 552 arthritis and, 564 x-ray beam and, 16f diabetes mellitus and, 523 Inflammatory lesions Interactive diagnostic hardware florid osseousdysplasia and, 495 effects on surrounding structures, 367 dental implant sites and, 686 joint effusion and, 567 Ewing's sarcoma v., 474 overview of, 686 orofacial structures and, 162 external resorption and, 358 Interanl trabeculation, coronoid process osteoradionecrosis and, 380 internal structure of, 367 and, 187 pseudotumor and, 588 jaws and, 366 Interarticular disk (meniscus), anatomical radiatio~,injury and, 38 multiple myeloma v., 477 relationship with, 540 714 INDEX Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Interdental bone, moderate periodontitis Interval timer. SeeTimer, interval Invasive fungal sinusitis, 588 and, 318 Intestinal cancer, Gardner's syndrome and, Invasive margins, metastatic tumors and, Intermaxillary fixation, horizontal fracture 445 467 and, 631 Intraalveolar carcinoma, 463 Inverse square law, overview of, 16 Intermaxillary suture (median suture), Intraarticular inflammatory lesions, Inverse voltage, x-ray and, 1 I periapical radiographs of, 172, 172f condylar hypoplasia and, 552 Iodine Internal density, tooth structure and, 288, Intracellular structures, radiation on, 27 Nevada test site and, 51 291 Intracrania1 arterial calcific~tions, radionuclide-labeled tracers and, 260 Internal derangement arteriosclerosis and, 602 Ultra-speed film and, 71 adhesions in, 556-557 Intracranial extension, osteoma and, 586 lodin~ontaining compounds, sialography clinical features of, 555 Intramandibular carcinoma, 463 and, 663 definition of, 554-555 Intraoperative assessments,radiographs Iodine contrast agent, salivary gland degenerativejoint diseaseand, 560 and, 687-691 disease and, 660 disk displacement and, 55S-556 Intraoperative films, dental implants and, Iodophors, surface cleaners and, 116 disk perforatioh and deformities in,. 556 687,689f Ionization, 4 disk reauction and, 556 Intraoral dental film, 100 Ionization chambers, computed joint effusion and, 567 benefits of full mouth series in, 281 tomography (CT) and, 251 nonreduction and, 556 extraoral films v., 223 Ionizing radiation radiographic features of, 555 mottle and, 82 annual effective dose of, 48t TMJ dysfunction and, 555 panoramic film v., 200 annual limits for human exposure of, Internal radiation, sources of, 49 panoramic imaging and, 191 50t Internal resorption, 356 speed classification of, 81t arthrography, 548 definition of, 356 Intraoral image receptors, overview of, 56 biologic effects of, 25 differential diagnosis of, 358 Intraoral imaging, 239 estimates of risk with, 53, 55 external resorption v., 358 benign tumors and, 410 induction of cancer by, 41 management of, 358 clinical comparison of alternatives in, MRI and, 260 radiographic features of, 357-358 242t radiographic examination and, 265 Internal root resorption, crown and, 357f dentition and, 209 water and, 26 Internal structure digital image receptors and, 299 Ipsilateral petrous ridge, osseouschanges aneurysmal bone cyst and, 504 fractures of alveolar process and, 629 and,544 central giant cell granuloma and, 502, maxillary antrum and, 577 Irradiation, children and, 160 502£ overview of, 270-271 Internal trabecular bone, sarcomasand, parallax unsharpness and, 83, 83f J 459 potential implant site and, 678f J shadow, bone destruction and, 323f International Commission on Radiological procedure for, 270 Jaw Protection (ICRP) treatment planning and, 282-283 abnormality position in, 285 dose limits and, 52 Intraoral mass,metastatic tumors and, 467, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and, tissue weighting factors and, 47 468f 432 International Organization for Intraoral periapical films arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 Standardization (ISO), intraoral film and, 615 cherubism and, 506 sensitivity and, 233 mandibular body fractures and, 625, cysts Interpolation, three-dimensional 626f basal cell nevus syndrome and, 397 reformatting and, 252, 253f rotational scanography v., 250 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 401 Interproximal areas Intraoral procedures, panoramic imaging cystsof, 384 bitewing exam and, 148 and, 191 dentigerous cyst and, 388 projection of central ray and, 133 Intraoral radiographic examinations, diabetes mellitus and, 523 Interproximal caries, 266 categories of, 121 diseasesof, radiographic examination Interproximal cortex, periodontal disease Intraoral radiographic technique, choice and, 266 and, 326 of,62-64 disorders, TMJ dysfunction and, 538 Interproximal crater, vertical osseous Intraoral radiography enlargement of, hyperpituitarism and, defects and, 319, 320f dental implants and, 677, 678, 678b 521, 522f Interproximal decay,radiographic infection and, 162 Ewing's sarcoma and, 473 examination an~'.;!, 273 photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) expansion Interproximal eximinations. SeeBitewing and, 231 calcifying epithelial odontogenic examinations sialoliths and, 660 tumor and, 422, 424 Interproximal films, film mount for, 108 Intraoral technique, choice of, 61 periapical cementa! dysplasiaand, 495 Interproximal radiographs (bitewings) Intraoral x-ray film, overview of, 72-73 florid osseousdysplasia and, 495, 496, child and, 273 Intraoral x-ray film packets, contents of, 497f periodontium and, 316 73, 73f focal osteoporotic bone marrow and, purpose of, 271 Intraosseous lesions 654 giant osteoid osteoma v., 450 Interproximal space analysis of,283-296, 295b bitewing examinations and, 148 radiographic examination and, 274 hypopituitarism and, 522 projection of central ray and, 139 Intraosseous neoplasms, odontogenic inflammatory lesions of, 366 Interproximal views, periodontal disease myxoma and, 434 lesions and, 316 Intravascular thrombi, phleboliths and, aneurysmal bone cyst and, 503 Interradicular bone 605 imaging of, 268-269 furcation defects and, 321, 322 Intrinsic tumors ofTMJ, locations of, 570 symtoms of, 469 periodontal diseaseand, 321 Introsseous nerve tumor, neurilemoma malignant tumors of, 571 Interstitial cyst, 581 and, 439 mandibular condyle fractures and, 626 Interstitial fibrosis, sialodochitis and, 668 Intruded maxillary central incisor, trauma metastatic tumors and, 466 Interval timer, temperature of developer and, 618f missing teeth and, 333 and, 101 Intrusive luxation, trauma and, 617 monostotic fibrous dysplasia and, 485 INDEX 715 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Jaw «;ontmued) juvenile ossifying fibroma Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) multiple myeloma and, 475 fibrous dysplasiav., 501 (Continued) neurofibromatosis and, 442 jaw deformity in, 499 differential diagnosis of, 513-514 occlusal radiography and, 160 radiologic findings in, 498Juvenile 1ntraosseoustype of, 511 occult diseaseof, 267-268 rheumatoid arthritis management of, 514 odontogenic keratoCystand, 394 condylar hypoplasia and, 552 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma V.,478 odontogenic myxoma and, 434 condylar positioning in, 542 osteomyelitis V., 377 odontomas and, 425 juvenile chronic arthritis v., 364 periodontal diseaseV., 327 osseousdeformities of, computed periosteal reaction in, 513f tomography (CT) and, 548 K radiographic features of, 509-512 osteomasand, 443, 443f K-edge absorption, 20 skull lesions in, 511, 51lf osteoporosis and, 524, 525f K shell, atom structure and, 3, 4 synonyms for, 509 other exostosesof, 414 K-shell electrons, 20 TMj tumors and, 570 Paget's diseasein, 507, 508f ~ratin, odontogenic keratocyst and, 394 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) jaw panoramic imaging and, 191 Kerma. SeeAir kerma lesions, two types of, 510-511 position and movement of disk in, 556f Kidney disease,renal osteodystrophy and, Langerhans cells, Langerhans' cell primary carcinomas and, 459 526 histiocytosis and, 509 primary interosseous carcinoma and, Kidneys, progressive systemicsclerosis and, Langerhans' X, three clinical forms of, 509 463 531 Large occlusal forces, vertical root radicular Cystin, 385 Kilovoltages, 60, 63 fractures and, 623 radiographic features in overview of, 62 Large retention pseudocysts,squamous hyperparathyroidism of, 518 Kilovolts peak (kVp) selector dial, 7f, 10 .ceV carcinoma V., 588 rickets and, 525 Kodak #2 film, 229f Larmor frequency sickle cell anemia and, 533 Kodak GBX-2 filter, panoramic film and, electrom~gnetic wavesand, 258 trabeculae in, 171, 172 200 MR image aJ}d,260 tumors, Burkitt's lymphoma and, 478 kVp meter, plastic wrap and, 116 precession and, 257 tumors and, 410 Kyphoscoliosis, basal cell nevus syndrome Laryngeal cartilage calcifications jaw osteomyelitis, Paget'sdisease and, 509 and, 397 clinical features of, 606 jawbone, fibrosarcoma and, 475 Kyphosis, Cushing's syndrome and, 523 definition of, 606 joint capsule, MRl and, 616 differential diagnosis of, 606 joint destruction, septic arthritis and, 564 L management of, 606 joint effusion L-shell electrons, 20 radiographic features of, 606 juvenile chronic arthritis vo,364 Labial cortex, nasopalatine duct cyst and, Laser beam, photostimulable phosphor MRl of, '560f 401, 4O3f plates (PSP) and, 231 septic arthritis and, 565 Labial enamel, erosion and, 356 Latent bone cyst, 651 T2-weighted pulse sequencesand, 550 Labial plates, fractures of alveolar process Latent image sites,96. Seealso Image sites joint mobility, ankylosis v., 569 and, 627 Latent images, 94, 96 joint pain, primary hyperparathyroidism Lacrimal bone, midface fractures and, 629 charge packets and, 227, 229f and,517 Lacrimal glands, autoimmune sialadenitis formation of, 94 joint space and,669 photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) adhesions and, 557 Lamina dura and, 231 arthrographsof, 549f alveolar bone and, 283 Latent period, acute radiation syndrome chondrocalcinosis and, 566 cementoossifying fibroma and, 500 and, 37 remodeling Vo,559 central giant cell granuloma and, 502 Lateral canine, adenomaoid odontogenic synovial chondromatosis and, 565 central mucoepidermoid carcinoma tumor and, 433f joint space calcifications, malignant and, 465 Lateral-canine projections, ed~ntulous tumors v., 572 Cushing's syndrome and, 523, 524f patients and, 165 joint space radiopacities, degenerative as diagnostic feature, 169 Lateral cephalometric examinations, grid joint diseaseand, 561, 562f external resorption and, 358 and, 85 joint swelling, chondrocalcinosis and, fibrous dysplasiaand, 490f Lateral cephalometric projections (lateral 566 malignant lesions and, 292, 292f skull projections) joints mental foramen and, 184 anatomic landmarks in, 21lf computed tomography (CT) and, 548 metastatic tumors and, 467 central x-ray beam and, 211, 212t condylar fractures and, 568 multiple myeloma and, 475 horizontal fracture and, 630f, 631 degenerative joint disease and, 559 Paget's diseaseand, 508 image receptor and, 211, 212t rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 periapical cemental dysplasia,492 overview of, 211, 212t joule (energy), SI systemand, 21 periapical inflammatory lesion and, 370 patient placement and, 211, 212t ]pEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), periodontal diseaseand, 317, 317f steps in interpretation of, 218-220,219f file compression and, 240 primary hyperparathyroidism and, 519 Lateral cephalometric radiography, dental juvenile arthrosis renal osteodystrophy and, 527 implants and, 680 clinical features of, 553 sarcomasand, 459, 460f Lateral displacement, trauma and, 617 definition of, 553 simple bone cyst and, 406f Lateral facial dysplasia,641 differential diagnosis of, 553 systemicdisorders and, 516 Lateral fossa (incisive fossa), overview of, radiographic features of, 553 teeth and, 168, 168f 174-175 synonymsfor, 552 Laminar periosteal bone formation, Lateral incisors treatment for, 553 Ewing's sarcoma v., 474 calcifying odontogenic cystand, 400f juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) film placement and, 130, 138 clinical features of, 363 alveolar type of, 511 image field and, 128, 156 definition of, 363 buccal bifurcation cyst v., 393 lateral fossa and, 176f radiographic features of, 363 chronic osteomyelitis v., 380 microdontia in, 335 sagittal tomogram of, 364f clinical features of, 509-510 projection of central ray and, 129 synon~s for, 363 definition of, 509 supplemental teeth arid, 332f Simpo716 PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com INDEX

Lateral linear scanogram Lesions (Continued) Lingual posterior variant (LP), lingual image contrast and, 250.250f displacement of teeth and, 291 salivary gland depression and, 651, maxillofacial complex and, 250, 250f effects on surrounding structures, 291 65,2,653f Lateral mandibular occlusal projection general locations of, 285 Lingual salivary gland depression film placement in, 159 image layer and, 196 clinical features of, 652 image field in, 159 inferior alveolar canal and, 287f definition of, 651 point of entry in, 159 internal appearance of, 289-291 differential diagnosis of, 653, 654 projection of central ray in, 159 moderate periodontitis and, 320, 321£ management of, 654 Lateral maxillary occlusal projection panoramic imaging and, 191 mandible and, 204, 205f film placement in, 156 periphery of, 285, 288 radiographic features of, 652, 653f, 654f image field in, 156 shape of, 289 synonyms for, 651 point of entry in, 156 size of, 285 Lip projection of ceptral ray in, 156 specific locations for, 285 osteoma cutis and, 609 Lateral-{)Qliquecephalometric trabecular spacesand, 171 primary carcinomas and, 459 radiography, dental implants and, 680 LET. SeeLinear energy transfer (LET) Lip paresthesia,neoplasms and, 463 Lateral ,lateral Letterer-Siwe disease Lipoma, dermoid cystsv., 404 periodontal cyst v., 398 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 510 Liposarcoma, dermoid cystsv., 404 Lateral periodontal cysts Langerhans' X and, 509 Liquid crystal display (LCD), transistor clinical features of, 398 Leukemia voltage and, 234 definition of, 398 chronic osteomyelitis v., 380 Lithium, atomic structures of, 4f differential diagnosis of, 399 clinical features of, 481 Localized (traumatic) myositis ossificans management of, 399 , definition for, 481 clinical features of, 610 mandibular premolar region of, 399£ differential diagnosis for, 482 definition of, 610 radicular cyst V., 385f, 386 management of, 482 differential diagnosis of, 610-611 radiographic features of, 398-399 mean active bone marrow dose and, management of, 611 Lateral pole, condyle and, 539 52-53 radiographic features of, 610 Lateral pterygoid muscle, localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma v., 478 Loculus of sinus cavity, dental root (traumatic) myositis ossifcansand, osteomyelitis v., 377 fragments v., 594 610 periapical inflammatory lesions v., 370, Long gray scale of contrast, image and, 79, Lateral skull projections. SeeLateral 372f 79f cephalometric projections (lateral radiation exposure and, 41 Longitudinal radiographic studies, skull projections) radiographic features of, 481 condylar hyperplasia and, 551 Lateral' thyrohyoid ligaments, laryngeal synonyms for, 481 Longitudinal root fractures, trauma and, cartilage calcifications within, 606 Leukocytosis, acute osteomyelitis and, 374 621 Lateral tomographic views Leukopenia, radiation injury and, 38 Longitudinal study, focal osteoporotic coronoid hyperplasia and, 553 Light (phosphorescence) bone marrow and, 655 degenerativejoint diseasein, 561£ film opacity and, 77 Losslesscompression, file compression Lateral views of condyles, mandibular photostimulable phosphor plates, 230£ and,240 condyle fractures and, 626 Light emission, intensifying screens and, Lossycompression, file compressionand, 240 Latitude, digital detector characteristics 76 Low contrast, radiograph showing, 79f and, 232, 233f Light fluorescence (QLF), carious lesions Low energy photons, filtration and, 60 Lead and, 305, 311 Luminance (brightness), digital detector disposing of, 105 Light levels, film images and, 235 characteristics and, 232 grid composition and, 84, 84£ Line pair (lp), 82 Lungs Lead collimators digital detector characteristics and, 232, malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 movement of film and, 193f 233f progressive systemicsclerosis and, 531 panoramic machine and, 192, 192f Linear energy transfer (LET) Luxation of teeth Lead foil overview of, 32 clinical features of, 617 digital imaging and, 225 particulate radiation and, 5 definition of, 617 environmental damage and, 104, 105 Linear tomography management of, 617 purposes for, 73 executing, 246 radiographic features of, 617 Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), sonography image quality of, 247 Lymph node chaining, calcified lymph and, 263 Lingual anterior variant (LA), lingual nodes and, 599, 6OOf Leaded apron, 62f salivary gland depression and, 651, Lymph nodes equipment choice of, 56 652 cancer and, 458 pregnancy and, 275 Lingual caries, buccal carious lesions v., central mucoepidermoid carcinoma Leaded thyroid collars, ADA and, 61 303 and, 465 Lefort fractures, maxilla and, 205 Lingual carious lesions, enamel pits and, dystrophic calcification and, 598 Left mandibular condyle, thyroid 303 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 477 metastatic lesion in, 468f Lingual cortical bone, imaging for jaw submandibular area and, 659 Left maxilla, fibrous dysplasiaand, 488f pathology and, 268 submandibular gland and, 659 Left maxillary cuspid, dentigerous cyst of, Lingual cortical plates Lymph nodes, calcified, granulomatous 390£ fractures of alveolar process and, 627 disorders and, 598 Leon de Fort's fracture pattern lateral mandibular occlusal projection Lymphadenitis, parotid v., 658, 659 classifications, midface fractures and, and, 159 Lymphadenopathy 629 Lingual cusp tips, buccal bifurcation cyst acute leukemias and, 481 Leong's premolar, 343 and,392 acute osteomyelitis and, 374 Lesions Lingual foramen, genial tubercles and, diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and, 378 abnormalities and, 285 182, 182f neoplasms and, 463 coronal epicenter of, 286f Lingual mandibular bone depression, 651 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 477 cortical bone and, 203 Lingual plate loss, moderate periodontitis periapical inflammatory lesion and, 368 defined borders in, 288, 288f and, 318-319 squamous cell carcinoma and, 459 "" ut:1\ III Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Lympnangtectauc cyst, !Jill Magneuc resonance Imagmg \MKl) Mammary glanas, tc-pertechnetate ana, Lymphoepithelial cysts,671 studies 664 Lymphoma adhesions and, 557 Manage~ent system,digital imaging and, calcified lymph nodes Vo,599 joint effusion and, 567 239 chronic osteomyelitis V., 380 parotid gland and, 664f Mandible dystrophic calcification in tonsils vo,599 Magnification, image size and, 87, 88f acute osteomyelitis and, 374, 375 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 509 Magnifying glass ameloblastic fibromas and, 428 leukemia vo,482 carious lesions and, 300f ameloblastoma and, 419 metastatic lesions of parotid gland and, dental caries and, 298, 300f aneurysmal bone cyst and, 504, 505f 675 Maintenance, guide for establishing,67b anterior mandibular occlusal projection osteomyelitis vo,377 Malignancy and, 157 panoramic image of, 478f ameloblastoma and, 419 arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 widening of periodontal ligament space computed tomography (CT) and, 269 asymmetry of size of, 203 and, 480f osseousdestruction and, 459, 46lf benign cementoblastoma in, 436 Lymphosar~oma, 417 periapical inflammatory lesions vo,370, calcifying epithelial odontoge~ic tumors 372f and,423 M periodontal diseasevo, 327 cementoossifying fibroma and, 499 mA, children and, 161 radiation therapy and, 275 central giant cell granuloma and, 502 mA control, 114 Malignant ameloblastoma central mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mach band, 301 clinical features of, 466 and, 465 Macrodont central incisor, dimension of, definition of, 466 central odontogenic fibroma and, 438 334f differential diagnosis of, 466 computed tomography (CT) scanners Macrodont molar, mesiodistal dimension radiographic features of, 466 and, 252 of,334f Malignant change, neurofibroma and, 441 condylar hypoplasia and, 552 Malignant conversion, neurofibromatosis condyle and, 541 definition of, 334, 334f and,443 cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal differential diagnosis for, 335 Malignant cyst, squamous cell carcinoma projection, 158 fusion of teeth and, 337 originating in cyst Vo,464 cyst border in, 288f management of, 335 Malignant disorders, Langerhans' cell cystsand, 384 radiographic features of, 335 histiocytosis and, 509 dens evaginates and, 343 Magnesium, nidus and, 607 Malignant lesions desmoplastic fibromas of bone in, 454 Magnetic dipoles, MRI and, 256 invasive border in, 289 Ewing's sarcoma and, 473 Magnetic field, MRI and, 256, 257f neurilemoma v., 440 facial fractures in, 624 Magnetic gradient, voxels and, 260 simple bone cyst Vo,407 fibrosarcoma and, 475 Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, Malignant lymphoma, 477 fibrous dysplasiaof, 490f arteriovenous fistula and, 449 Malignant mixed tumors film placement and, 142 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 550 clinical features of, 674 florid osseousdysplasia (FOD) and, 496, acute osteomyelitis and, 374 definition of, 674 497f advancedimaging procedures and, 271 radiographic features of, 674 Gardner's syndrome and, 445 advantagesof, 260 types of, 674 genial tubercles and, 182 ameloblastoma and, 420, 422, 424f Malignant neoplasia, osteomyelitis Vo,375 hemangioma and, 446 anterior disk displacement and, 557f Malignant neoplasms hemifacial hyperplasia and, 650,651 benign tumors and, 410 desmoplastic fibromas of bone v., 454 hemifacial microsomia and, 643 benign tumors presenting on, 672 irregular widening of alveolar canal and, horizontal fracture and, 63Of computed tomography scanners v., 252 293 hyperpituitarism and, 521, 522f dermoid cystsand, 404 malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 hypopituitarism and, 522 desmoplastic fibromas of bone in, 454, maxillary sinusesand, 577 image field and, 144, 146 455f osteoradionecrosis v., 382 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 511, disadvantagesof, 260 poorly defined border of, 288f 51lf, 512 ductal morphology and, 664 progressive systemic sclerosisvo, 532 lateral periodontal cyst, 398 hemangiomas and, 673 Malignant pleomorphic adenoma, 674 lingual salivary gland depression and, internal derangement and, 555 Malignant stroma, osteosarcomaand, 469 651 maxillary sinus diseaseand, 578 Malignant tumors major areas of, 201-202 medial disk displacement and, 556 benign neoplasm vo,412 malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 403 chronic osteomyelitis vo,380 mandibular oblique lateral projections, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 478 clinical features of, 458, 571 215 normal TMJ and, 549f desmoplastic fibromas of bone in, 454 metastatic tumors and, 467, 468f odontogenic myxoma and, 434 differential diagnosis of, 571-572 multiple myeloma and, 475, 476f overview of, 255-260,549-550, 664 features suggesting, 459 neurilemoma and, 439 periapical film of, 437f hemangioma and, 446 neurofibromatosis and, 442 radiographic examination and, 274 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis v., 513 NewTom Plus and, 255, 256f salivary gland applications with, 664 metastasisof, 675 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 478 salivary gland diseaseand, 660 occult diseaseand, 268 odontogenic keratocyst and, 394, 395 septic arthritis and, 565 overview of, 458, 571, 673 odontogenic myxoma and, 434 sialectasiaand, 669 radiographic features of, 459, 571, 673 osteoid osteoma and, 452 sialodochitis and, 668, 669 treatment of, 572, 673 osteomasand, 443 soft tissue imaging and, 548-550 osteoporosis and, 525f soft tissue infections v. neoplasia, 380 fractures of alveolar process and, 627 osteoradionecrosis and, 380, 382 soft tissue injury, 615 gemination and, 338 osteosarcomaand, 469, 470f squamous cell carcinoma v., 588 hemifacial microsomia and, 643 overview of, 181-187 TMJ and, 202, 269 mandibular condyle fractures and, 627 periodontal diseaseand, 321-322 Warthinyumor and, 673 microdontia and, 335f renal osteodystrophy and, 527 INDEX 718 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Mandibular first bicuspid, v~rtical root Mandibular premolars Mandible (Continued) dens evaginatusand, 343, 344f right angle technique and, 91 fractures of, 623f Mandibular first molar image field and, 150 simple bone cyst and, 405 Turner's hypoplasia and, 352 squamous cell carcinoma originating in buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392 compound odontomas and, 425 Mandibular projections cystand, 464 hemostat and, 164 submentovertex projection and, 221 nutrient canals and, 185f periapical inflammatory lesion and, 369f patient examination and, 124 supernumerary teeth and, 330 Mandibular first molar roots; double Mandibular radiolucency, bilateral, normal Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643, lamina dura and, 169, l69f anatomy and, 283-284 645f Mandibular first premolar, dilaceration of Mandibular ramal area, shadowsof wide-angle tomography and, 247, 248f structures and, 202 Mandible bone, mid-facial area and, 204 root in, 342 Mandibular foramen, J1eurilemoma and, Mandibular ramus Mandible disorders, TMJ and, 269 developmental abnormalities in, 550 Mandibular alveolar nerve canal, radicular 439, 439f Mandibular foramina, neurofibromatosis external oblique ridge v., 186, 186f cyst and, 386. film placement and, 155 and, 443 Mandibular alveolar process, oblique lateral projection of; 219f developmental abnormalities in, Mandibular fossa condylar hyperplasia and, 550 submentovertex (SMV) projection and, 550 condylar hypoplasia and, 552 545 Mandibular anterior occlusal projection, Mandibular ramus projection child and, 161 condyle and, 541 juvenile chronic arthritis and, 364 image receptor and, 215 Mandibular anterior periapical projection, patient placement and, 215 Mandibular fractures mixed dentition and, 162 Mandibular retromolar area, focal overview of, 624 Mandibular arches, horizontal bitewing osteoporotic bone marrow and, 655 panoramic film of, 615 films and, 148 trauma and, 269 Mandibular second molars Mandibular body Mandibular growth, juvenile chronic compound odontomas and, 425 developmental abnormalities in, 550 horizontal bitewing films and, 148 oblique lateral projection of, 218f arthritis v., 364 Mandibular hemangiomas, hemangioma Mandibular teeth Mandibular body fractures bitewing exam and, 148 v., 445 clinical features of, 625 central ray projection and, 153 definition of, 624-625 Mandibular hypoplasia external resorption and, 358 differential diagnosis of of, 625 juvenile arthrosis v., 553 neonatal fractures and, 568 Mandibular third molars favorable v. nonfavorable, 625 dilaceration of root in, 34lf management of, 625 Mandibular incisor radiographs, genial tubercles and, 182, 182f pericoronitis and, 373, 373f radiographic features of, 625 Mandibulofacial dysostosis, 643 Mandibular incisors Mandibular body projection, 215 Treacher Collins syndrome as, 643 Mandibular bony structures, panoramic attrition and, 354 cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal M!illdibutal teeth, mandibular anterior image and, 203f occlusal projection and, 161 projection, 158 Mandibular canals Manual film processing, procedures for, arteriovenous (A-V) fistula and, 449 gemination and, 338, 338f 101-102 central mucoepideimoid carcinoma talon cusp and, 351 Mandibular infected buccal cyst, 392 Manual processing tanks, 99 and, 465, 465f Mandibular lateral incisors, image field film and, 10lf mandible v., 203 Manufacturers, noncompliant, Digital neurofibroma and, 441 and, 138 Mandibular lesions, osteosarcomaand, 469 Imaging and Communications in neurofibromatosis and, 442-443 Mandibular molar-premolar region, focal Medicine (DICOM) standard and, 241 neuromas and, 440 osteoporotic bone marrow and, 655 Marrow spaces,654 overview of, 184, 184£ permeative borders and, 289, 290f stereoscopytechnique and, 249 Mandibular molar projection, paralleling technique and, 144 Marsupialization Mandibular canine dentigerous cyst and, 392 Mandibular molars horizontal bitewing films ~d, 149 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 401 enamel pearl and, 350 image field and, 140 odontogenic keratocyst and, 396 premolar bitewing projection and, 150 molar bitewing projection and, 152 vertical root fractures and, 622 residual cyst v., 388 Mandibular canine projection, paralleling Mandibular nerve, neurofibroma and, 440 Mass,fibrosarcoma and, 474 technique and, 140 Masseter,localized (traumatic) myositis Mandibular central incisors, image field Mandibular neurovascular canal malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 ossifcans and, 610 and, 138 multiple myeloma and, 475 Masticatory stress, and, Mandibular centrolateral projection, 413 paralleling technique and, 138 Mandibular oblique lateral projections central x-ray beam, 215 Mastoid air cell infection, diffuse Mandibular condyle sclerosing osteomyelitis and, 378 cartilaginous tumors, 411 image receptor and, 215 patient placement and, 215 Mastoid air cells, 540, 540f position of, 202 lateral cephalometric projection and, radiologic examination of, 615-616 resultant image for, 215 Mandibular occlusal radiographs, genial 218-220,219f trauma to, 615-616 panoramic image and, 207 Mandibular condyle fractures tubercles and, 182, 182f Mandibular opening, condylar movement reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f clinical features of, 625 submentovertex projection and, 220, in, 542 definition of, 625 Mandibular periapical radiographs, torus 220f management of, 627 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643 radiographic features of, 626-627,626f, mandibularis and, 413 Mandibular permanent molars, image Matrix formation, Turner's hypoplasia 627f field and, 144 and, 352 Mandibular deciduous molars, dentigerous Matter cystand, 392 Mandibular premolar projection, paralleling technique and, 142 composition of, 3-4 Mandibular distal oblique molar interactions of x-rays with, 16-20 projection, paralleling technique and, Mandibular premolar region, calcifying odontogenic cyst in, 399f penetration of, 14 1.:44 INDEX 719 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Mature cemental dysplasia, Maxillary fracture, radiologic examination Maxillary sinuses (Continued) hypercementosis Vo,363 of, 616 septa and, 179, 179f Maxilla Maxillary incisors squ~ous cell carcinoma and, 587 adenomaoid odontogenic tumor and, hypodontia and, 333 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643, 431, 433f luxation and, 617 645f ameloblastoma and, 419 projection of central ray and, 127 vertical osseousdefects and, 320 central odontogenic fibroma and, 438 talon cusp and, 351, 352f Waters projection and, 213, 221 cystsand, 384 Maxillary lateral incisors Maxillary teeth, 173 desmoplastic fibromas of bone in, 454 congenital syphilis and, 353 aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 fibrous dysplasiaand, 485 dilaceration of root in, 34li bitewing exam and, 148 film placement in, 154 film placement and, 128 maxillary anterior occlusal projection Gardner's syndrome and, 445 microdontia and, 335f and, 161 hemangioma and, 446 Maxillary lateral projection, paralleling periapical cemental dysplasiaand, 492, hemifacial hypeIJ>lasiaand, 649, 650 technique and, 128 493f hypopituitarism and, 522 Maxillary lesions sinus pain and, 178 image field, 155, 156 central giant cell granuloma and, 502 Maxillary third molars lateral fossa and, 176f multiple myeloma and, 475 dentigerous cystof, 388, 389f, 39lf metastatic tumors and, 459 Maxillary micrognathia, cleidocranial microdontia and, 335f mid-facial area and, 204 dysplasia and, 648 Maxillary tuberosity midface fractures and, 629 Maxillary molar projection, paralleling image field and, 136 NewTom Plus and, 255, 256f technique and, 134 pterygoid plates and, 18lf odontogenic myxoma and, 434 Maxillary molars Maxillofacial complex osteoradionecrosis Vo,382 concrescence and, 338 computed tomography (CT) scanners overview of, 172-181 enamel pearl and, 350 and, 252, 254f Paget's diseasein, 507, 508f furcation defects and, 321, 322 lateral linear scanning of, 250, 250f panoramic image and, 206f molar bitewing projection and, 152 Maxillofacial complex, malignant lesions, radicular cyst and, 385 torus palatinus and, 412, 413f 3D CT and, 254 renal osteodystrophy and, 527 Maxillary occlusal projections, Maxillofacial radiologist, Langerhans' cell simple bone cyst and, 405 nasolacrimal canals and, 176, 177f histiocytosis and, 513 sites for examination of, 204-205 Maxillary permanent molars, image field Maxillozygomatic suture, maxillary antrum Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643 and, 134 and, 180 wide-angle tomography and, 247, 248f Maxillary posterior periapical radiographs, Maximal intercuspation, degenerativejoint Maxillary alveolar process retention pseudocystsand, 582, 583f diseaseand, 560 exostosesand, 414 Maxillary premolar segment, horizontal McCune-Albright syndrome segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia bitewing films and, 148 fibrous dysplasia and, 485 and, 651 Maxillary premolars hyperfunction of endocrine glands and, squamous cell carcinoma and, 587 radicular dilaceration and, 340 485 Maxillary anterior occlusal projection, toothbrush injury and, 355 Mean active bone marrow dose, overview children and, 161 ° Maxillary projections of,52-53 Maxillary anterior periapical projection, patient examination and, 124 Medial mandibular cysts,former cystsand, mixed dentition and, 162 technique for, 164 405 Maxillary antra, 576 Maxillary sinus disease,signs and Medial palatal cysts,former cystsand, Maxillary antrum symptoms of, 577 405 apical inflammatory lesions and, 37lf Maxillary sinuses,205, 206, 282 Median anterior maxillary cyst, 400 dentigerous cyst and, 390 anatomical overview of, 177-179 Median nasopalatine cyst, 400 intraoral periapical radiograph of, 577 antroliths and, 584, 607 Median pole, condyle and, 539 jaw abnormalities and, 285 cementoossifying fibroma and, 500, 50li Medical geneticist, hemifacial hyperplasia juvenile ossifying fibroma vo,501 cherubism and, 506 and, 651 odontogenic cystsand, 589, 59Of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and, 593, Medication, parotid area v., 658 periapical cemental dysplasiaand, 495 593f Mediolateral plane, bifid condyle and, 554, residual cyst and, 388 developmental stagesof, 576 555f zygomatic process and, 180 diseasesof, 577 Mediterranean anemia, 533 Maxillary arches, horizontal bitewing films fibrosarcoma and, 475 Melanoma, metastatic lesions of parotid and, 148 floor of nasal fossav., 174f, 177, 178, gland and, 675 Maxillary bones, 176 178f Melorheostosis, osteopetrosisvo, 531 Maxillary canine fractures of alveolar process and, 629 Melting point, target with, 8 dentigerous cyst of, 388, 389f horizontal fracture and, 631 Memory, digital imaging and, 225 radiograph of, 173, 173f imaging for jaw pathology and, 269 Mental foramen Maxillary canine projection, paralleling inferior border of, 177f lateral periodontal cyst v., 399 technique and, 130 lamina dura and, 169 neurilemoma and, 439, 439f Maxillary central incisor projection, mucocele in, 585, 585f neuromas and, 440 paralleling technique and, 126 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 477 overview of, 183, 183f Maxillary central incisors occlusal radiography and, 160 periapical diseaseand, 184, 184f anterior nasal spine relative to, 172 odontogenic cystsand, 589 Mental foramina avulsion and, 618 odontogenic myxoma and, 434 mandible Vo,203 congenital syphilis and, 353, 354f osteoblastomasin, 450 neurofibromatosis and, 443 dens in dente and, 342 paranasal sinusesand, 576 Mental fossa, overview of, 183, 183f dental root fractures and, 620 periapical radiographs of, 177 Mental retardation, radiation in atomic film placement and, 126 radiolucent lines in, 178f bombs and, 41 Maxillary dentition, 205 retention pseudocystsand, 582, 583 Mental ridge (protuberance), periapical Maxillary distal oblique molar projection, segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia radiographs and, 182, 183f parall~ling technique and, 136 and, 651 Mental tubercle, mental ridge and, 183 INDEX noSimpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Molars Midface fractures cementoossifying fibroma and, 499 Mentally disabled patients. SeePatients, de Fort's pattern classification of, 629 film placement and, 136, 146 mentally disabled needed projections for, 629 molar bitewing projection and, 152 Mercator projection, panoramic images overview of, 629-630 odontogenic myxoma and, 434 and, 201 Midfacial hypoplasia, crquzon syndrome Mesenchymal neoplasms, osteoma and, projection of central ray and, 135, 145 and, 64lf pulp stones and, 361 586 Midfacial region root position of, 177 Mesenchymal tUmors (odontogenic examining, 205 ectomesenchyme), overview of, stereoscopytechnique and, 249 lateral cephalometric projection and, supplemental teeth and, 332f 433-439 Mesial contact area, image field and, 130, 219f,220 taurodontism and, 339 overview of, 204-207, 204f, 206f torus mandibularis and, 413 140 Midsagittal plane Monckeberg's medial calcinosis. See Mesial interproximal area, image field lateral cephalometric projections and, and, 128 Arteriosclerosis Mesiodens. 330 . 211,212 Monostotic fibrous dysplasia posteroanterior cephalometric hemifacial hyperplasia v., 650 dental anomalies and, 2667 projection, 213 impaction of permanent teeth and, jaws and, 485 submentovertex (base) projection and, segmental odontomaxillary dysplasiav., 332f supernumerary teeth and, 330, 331f 213 651 Mikulicz disease,668 Morphologic imaging techniques, image Message,sialadenosis and, 670 Mild periodontitis, etiology of, 317-318 Metabolic bone diseases Milliamperage (mA), exposure and, 78 receptor and, 260 fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 Motion blurring, overview of, 83 Milliampere-seconds Paget's diseasev., 508 diagnostic density and, 63, 63t Mouth Metabolic disorders, leukemia v., 482 bisection examination technique and, image density and, 63 Metabolic rate, hyperthyroidism and, 522 62 overview of, 62, 63t film holding instruments and, 124-125 Metal markers, extraoral radiographic Mineral loss film placement and, 132, 140, 142 examinations and, 210 Metalic objects, subject density and, 78 factors in, 297 primary carcinomas and, 459 light fluorescence (QLF) , 305, 311 reverse-Towneprojection (open mouth), Metalic replacement, environmental Mineral salts, rhinoliths and, 607 damage and, 105 Minimum half-value layer, 61t 213 Mouth, floor of Metastasis Missing teeth, synonyms for, 332 ameloblastic carcinoma v., 466 cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal malignant mixed tumors and, 674 Missing teeth, developmental\y projection and, 158 clinical features, 332 lateral mandibular occlusal projection minor salivaryglands and, 675 differential diagnosis in, 332 mucoepidermoid carcinoma and, 673 and, 159 management of, 333 occlusal radiography and, 160 primary introsseous carcinoma v., 463 maxillary premolars and, 333, 333f Metastatic breast carcinoma, 468f pathologic mechanisms for, 332 Mucoceles Metastatic calcification, overview of, 597 clinical features of, 585 radiologic features of, 332 Metastatic carcinoma(s) , 468f Mitosis, radiation induced brej1k and, 27 CT and, 664 metastatic tUmors and, 466-467 definition of, 585 multiple myeloma v., 477 Mitotic delay differential diagnosis of, 585 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma v., 478 overview of, 29 management of, 585 radiation-induced, 29f osteosarcomav., 469 radiographic features of, 585 Metastatic disease,squamOUS cell Mixed dentition synonyms for, 584 carcinoma originating in cyst v., 464 overview of, 162 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 465 panoramic imaging and, 191 clinical features of, 673-674 Metastatic lesions Mixed odontogenic tumor, 428 malignant mixed tumors v., 674 CT image of, 572f Mixed radiolucent, lesion classification as, malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 radiographic features of, 674, 674f osteoradionecrosis and, 380 289 Mucoepidermoid tumor, central periapical inflammatory lesions v., 370, Mixed tUmors, 424-439 mucoepidermoid carcinoma v., 465 adenomaoid odontogenic tumor and, Mucopyocele, mucocele as, 584, 585 372f primary osseous carcinoma v., 464 431 Mucormycosis, 588 ML-2 filters, 100 Metastatic malignancy, 458 Mucosal antral cyst, 581 panoramic film and, 200 Mucosal covering, osteoradionecrosis and, Metastatic malignant neoplasia, Moderate periodontitis Langerhans' cell histiocytosis v., buccal plate loss and, 318-319, 318f 380 horizontal bone loss and, 319, 319f Mucositis, 579f 513 clinical features of, 578 Metastatic neuroblastoma, Burkitt's internal bone changes, 320, 32lf definition of, 578 lymphoma v., 480 lingual plate loss and, 318-319 dental inflammatory lesions and, 588 Microdontia vertical osseousdefects and, 319-320 altered morphology and, 335 radiographic features of, 578 Molar areas clinical features of, 335 Mucous-extravasationcyst, nasopalatine film placement and, 134 duct cystsv" 403 definition of, 335 image field and, 144 differential diagnosis of, 335 Mucous retention cyst, 581 Molar bitewing projection Mucuepidermoid carcinoma, dentigerous management of, 335 film placement in, 152 maxillary third molars and, 335f cystand, 392 image field in, 152 Mucus-extravasationpseudocysts, ductal radiographic features of, 335 Molar projection, edentulous patients and, Micrognathia, juvenile chronic arthritis v. rupture and, 671 165 Mucus-retaining cysts,671 364 Molar region, primary osseouscarcinoma Microradiography, inactive carious lesion Mucus retention pseudocysts,maxillary in, 463, 463f and, 583f and,298 Molar roots Mulberry molars, congenital syphilis and, Middle cranial fossa enamel pearl, 350 ostf-oblastomasin, 450 mylohyoid ridge and, 185 353 reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f INDEX 721 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Multicentric lesions, Ewing's sarcoma and, Mycosis, dystrophic calcification in tonsils Nasopalatine canal cyst, 400 473 v., 599 external root resorption and, 4O3f Multicentric par~d cysts,HIV and, &7.1 Myelodysplasia,pseudotumor and, 588 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 400 Multidirectional tomographic motion, 247, Myelogenous leukemia, periodontal occlusal view and lateral aspect of, 4O3f 247f diseaseand, 327 Nasopalatine canals, 174 Multifocal, abnormalities as, 285 Mylohyoid muscle, anatomic position of, anatomyof,174 Multilocular, 289, 29Of 185 , lateral walls of, 175f septa as,291 Mylohyoid ridges nasopalatine duct cyst and, 400 Multiocular ameloblastoma, 421f mandible and, 200 Nasopalatine duct cysts Multiocular appearance, central giant cell overview of, 185 clinical features of, 401 granuloma and, 502 Myoepithelial sialadenitis, 668 dermoid cystsand, 400 Multiocular expansion mass, central Myositis ossificans - differential diagnosis and, 401, 403-404 mucoepidermoid carcinoma and, 465, arteriosclerosis and, 602 management of, 401 465f bilateral linear calcifications of nasolabial cystsand, 400 Multiocular lesions. sternohyoid muscle in, 6l2f nonodontogenic cystsand, 400 . hemangioma and, 448 definition of, 610 periodontal membrane space and, 402f malignant ameloblastoma and, 466 false ankylosis and, 569 radiographic features of, 401 Multiocular pattern lateral pterygoid muscle and, 612f synonymsfor, 400 central odontogenic fibroma with, 438 masseterand temporalis musclesand, 612f Nasopalatine nerves, 174 cherubism and, 506 osteoma cutis v., 610 Nasopalatine vessels,174 Multiplanar CT imaging Myxedema, 522 Nasopharynx diagnosis and, 252 Myxofibroma, 433 mandibular ramal area and, 202 MRI and, 260 multiple myeloma and, 475 Myxoid434 tumor, odontogenic . myxoma and, Multiplanar reformatted imaging, squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 computed tomography (CT) scanners Myxoma, 433 National Council on Radiation Protection and, 252 and Measurements (NCRP), dose Multiple bone lesions, eosinophilic N limits and, 52, 65 granuloma and, 509 Nagar syndrome, Treacher Collins National Electrical Manufacturerers Multiple dentigerous cysts,basal cell nevus syndrome v., 646 Association (NEMA), digital imaging syndrome V.,398 Narrow-angle tomography, overview of, and, 241 Multiple miliary osteoma cutis, 609 248, 249f Natural exposure, x-ray examinations and, Multiple myeloma, 475 Nasal bones, 176 54t basal cell nevussyndrome V.,398 mid-facial area and, 204 Natural radiation clinical features of, 475 Nasal cavity (turbinates), 173, 176, 177,205 distribution of, 49f differential diagnosis of, 477 epithelial papilloma and, 586 sources of, 47-48 film of, 287f lateral cephalometric projection and, Neck management of, 477 219f,220 lateral cephalometric projection and, metastatic tumors V.,467, 468f nasolabial cyst, 401 219f, 220 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma V.,478 nasopalatine canal and, 174 submentovertex (base) projection and, primary osseouscarcinoma V., 464 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 401 213 punched hole border and, 287f, 288 reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f Neck dissection, central mucoepidermoid punched out lesions in, 477f Waters projection and, 221 carcinoma and, 465 radiographic features of, 475-477 Nasal conchae, panoramic film and, 200, Neck extension, anteroposterior position squamous cell carcinoma originating in 20Of radiograph and, 198 cystV., 464 Nasal floor, fibrosarcoma and, 475 Neck lesions, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis synonyms for, 475 Nasal fossa, 172 and, 509 Multiple myeloma lesions, periphery and floor of, 174f Neck structures, panoramic image and, 204f shape of, 475 image field of, 154 Neck trauma, ossification of stylohyoid Multiple odontogenic keratocysts, nasopalatine canal and, 175f ligament, 609 cherubism V., 506 overview of, 173, 173f Neonatal fractures. SeeFractures, neonatal Multiple osteomas,Gardner's diseaseV., 445 Nasal furuncle, nasopalatine duct cystsv., Neoplasia, CT and, 664 Multiple parotid cysts,autoimmune 403 Neoplasm, benign bone, cementoossifying sialadenitis V.,.669 Nasal obstruction fibroma v., 498 Multipotential connective tissue cells, epithelial papilloma and, 586 Neoplasm, malignant, polyps and, 584 radiosensitivity and, 30 odontogenic tumors and, 590 Neoplasms , submandibular gland and, 659 osteosarcoma and, 469 ameloblastoma and, 419 Mural ameloblastoma, ameloblastoma V., Nasal septum, 172, 173f benign cementoblastoma and, 435 419, 419f image field of, 155 benign paranasal sinus, 586 Muscle radiograph of, 173 calcifying odontogenic cyst v., 399 myositis ossificansand, 610 Nasoalveolar cyst, 401 central odontogenic fibroma and, 438 progressive myositis ossificansand, 611 Nasolabial cyst clinical features of, 463 subject density and, 78 axial cr image and, 404f computed tomography (CT), 548 Muscle fiber, localized (traumatic) myositis clinical features of, 401-402 desmoplastic fibroma of bone and, 454 ossificansand, 610 nasopalatine duct cyst and, 400 fibrous dysplasia and, 489 Muscle injury, localized (traumatic) occlusal view of, 404f Gardner's syndrome, 444-445 myositis ossificansand, 610 radiographic features of, 402 hemangioma v., 445 Muscle spasm Nasolabial fold, anatomical overview of, lingual salivarygland depression and, degenerative joint diseaseand, 559 180-181, 18lf 654 false ankylosis and, 569 Nasolacrimal canals malignant paranasal sinus, 586 Mycolith canine and, 176 pericoronitis v., 373 osteoma V., 586 image field of, 155 retention pseudocystsv., 582 rhinoliths V., 608 overview of, 176 submandibular area and, 659 ILL INDEX Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Neoplasms, benign Nevada test site, artinClal radlonuclloes, 1>1 NUCleus effects on surrounding slructures of, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, atom structure and, 3 411-412 397 radiation effects on, 27 features of, 410-412 multiple OKCs and, 398f Numata, panoramic radiography principles internal slructure of, 411 NewTom Plus, CBCT and, 255 and, 192 location of, 411 Newton (force), 51 systemand, 21 Nutrient canals malignant tumors vo,458 NF-1, neurofibromatosis and, 441 etiology of population with, 185 osteomasand, 443 NF-2, neurofibromatosis and, 441 overview of, 184-185 periphery and shape of, 411 Nidus, 603 Nutrition, rampant caries and, 302 Neoplasms, odontogenic, osteoma vo,586 antroliths and, 607 Nutritional deficiencies, secondary Neoplasms, teeth, osteoma V., 586 rhinoliths and, 607 osteoporosis and, 524 Neoplastic diseases Nightand,477 sweats, non-Hodgkin's - lymphoma ankylosis V., 569 u imaging for jaw pathology in, 268 90 degree RF pulse, 259 Obesity, Cushing's syndrome and, 523 99mTc-pertechnetatescans, Warthin tumor Nephrolithiasis, and, 603 Object239 classification, image analysis. and, Nerve fibers and, 673 neurofibroma and, 440 No.2 film, 148 Object to film distance, 86-87, 88f neuroma, 440 Nodules, cartilaginous Oblique lateral jaw view, image field and, Nervous system,neurofibromatosis and, ossification of, 565, 566f 134 441 synovial chondromatosis and, 565 Oblique lateral projections Nervous systemcancer, radiation exposure Nodules, osteocartilaginous, synovial extraoral radiographic examinations and, 41 chondromatosis and, 565 and, 210 Net spins, MRI and, 256, 256f Noise mandibular body and, 218f Neural lesions, mandibular canal and, 411 digital detector characteristics and, 232, mandibular ramus and, 219f Neural tissue,jaw abnormalities and, 285 232f Oblique tooth crown fractures, prognosis Neural tumors, neurilemoma V., 440 sharpening and, 236 fQr, 620 Neurilemoma (Schwannoma) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Occlusal caries, radiographic appearance differential diagnosis of, 440 autoimmune sialadenitis and, 669 of, 302 expanding, 439, 439f Burkitt's lymphoma v., 480 Occlusal dentinoenameljunction (DE]), overview of, 439 classification of tumors in, 477 horizontal bitewing films and, 148 Irealrnent of, 440 clinical features of, 477 Occlusal films Neurinoma, 440 overviewof,477 film mount for, 108 Neuroblastoma radiographic features of, 477 and, 615 leukemia vo,482 synonyms for, 477 squamous cell carcinoma and, 290f metastatic tumors and, 466 Non-lipid-soluble contrast agents, ductal treatment and, 91 Neurofibroma systemand, 663 Occlusal forces clinical features of, 440-441 Noncarious teeth, radicular dentin concrescence and, 337 differential diagnosis of, 441 dysplasia(type 1) and, 348 crown-root fractures and, 623 inferior dental nerve and, 441, 441£ Noncontrast T2-weighted images, MRI Occlusal image, fibrous dysplasia and, 488f lateral periodontal cyst V., 399 and, 664 Occlusal lesions neurofibromatosis and, 441 Nonepithelial salivary neoplasm, 673 false-negative,301 overview of, 440 Nonhemophilic polycythemia vera, metamorphosis of, 301 radiographic features of, 441 periodontal diseaseand, 327 radiographic change and, 306f Irealrnent of, 441 Nonionic iodine contrast agent, Occlusal plane Neurofibromatosis arthrography v., 548, 549f horizontal bitewing films and, 148 classifications of, 441 Nonionizing radiation, MRI and, 255-260 point of entry and, 153 clinical features of, 441 Nonmaligant disorders, Langerhans' cell projection of central ray and, 143 overview of, 441 histiocytosis and, 509 Occlusal projections radiographic features of, 442 Nonodontogenic cysts,nasopalatine duct overview of, 121 Irealrnent of, 443 cyst and, 400 Paget's diseaseand, 508, 51Of Neurogenic sialadenoses,670 Nonreduction, mandibular movement Occlusal radiographs Neurologic disorders, sialadenosisand, and, 555, 556f benign tumors and, 410 670 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, periapical radiographs and, 163 Neuromas chondrocalcinosis and, 566 purpose of, 271 clinical features of, 440 Nonvital teeth, radicular cyst and, 385 torus mandibularis in, 416f overview of, 440 Normal anatomy, periodontal diseaseand, Occlusal radiography, overview of, 160 radiographic features of, 440 316-317,317f Occlusal surface enamel, attrition and, synonymsfor, 440 ~,---..~-~ 354, 354f Irealrnent of, 440 anterior maxilla and, 176f Occlusal surfaces Neurosurgeon, pyramidal fracture and, overview of, 176 attrition and, 354 632 point of entry in, 155 Diagnodent laser-light and, 305 Neurovascl,llarbundle, nulrient canals rhinoliths and, 607 electrical conductance measurements and, 184-185 Nuclear imaging and,311 Neurovascular canal, fibrosarcoma and, condylar hyperplasia and, 551 hypoplasia and, 345 475 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 513 NeUlrons, atom slructure and, 3, 4 Nuclear medicine periodontal diseasesand, 325 Neulropenia acute osteomyelitis and, 374 periodontitis and, 314 cancer and, 458 advancedimaging procedures and, 271 Occlusal views, 74 periodontal diseaseand, 327 metastatic tumors and, 467 fibrous dysplasia and, 491f Neulrophils Nuclear power, annual E and, 51 lymphoma in, 290f inflammatory reaction and, 368 Nuclei, MRl and, 255-260 nasolabial cyst and, 404f periodontitis and, 314 Nucleic acids, cellular functions and, 26 Occlusion, film placement and, 144 INDEX 723 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Occlusive arterial disease,evaluation of, Odontogenic myxomas (Continued) 602 odontogenic keratocyst v., 396 dental caries and, 297 Occult disease,overview of, 267-268 overview of, 433-434 periodontal diseasesand, 325 Occupational exposure, radiation safety periapical film of, 437f periodontitis and, 314 procedures for, 64 radiographic features of, 434 Oral lesions, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis Occupational hazards, abrasion and, 355 septa and, 291 and, 509 Oculo-auriculovertebral dysplasia,641 synonyms for, 433 Oral malignancy, central mucoepidermoid Odontoblasts, secondary dentin and, 360 treatment for, 434 carcinoma and, 465 Odontoclasts Odontogenic tissue,jaw abnormalities and, Oral mucous membrane, overview of, 33 external resorption and, 358 285, 286f Oral radiologist, Langerhans' cell resorption and, 356 Odontogenic tumors histiocytosis and, 513 Odontogenesis, fusion of teeth and, 336 calcifying odontogenic cyst v., 399 Oral sialogogues,sialadenosis and, 670 Odontogenesis imperfecta, 349 central mucoepidermoid carcinoma v., Oral tissues,radiation effect on, 3~37 Odontogenic carcinoma, 463 465 Oral tumors, adenomaoid odontogenic Odontogenic cysts . classification of, 418-419 tumor and, 431 development of, 590f odontomas v., 425 Oral ulcer, squamous cell carcinoma and, differential diagnosis of, 589-590 Odontogentic epithelium, adenomaoid 376, 377 maxillary antrum and, 384 odontogenic tumor and, 431 Orange-peel pattern, fibrous dysplasiaand, maxillary sinusesand, 577 Odontogentic lesions, lingual salivary 49Of metastatic tumors v., 467 gland depression v., 654 Orbital nerve, pyramidal fracture and, 632 mucocele v, 585 Odontomas Orbital proptosis, crouzon syndrome and, overview of, 589 ameloblastic fibroma v., 431 641, 641f primary introsseous carcinoma v., 463 border comparision in, 288f Orbital rims, panoramic film and, 200, primary osseouscarcinoma v., 463 calcifying odontogenic cyst and, 399 20M radiographic features of, 589 clinical features of, 424 Orbits retention pseudocystsv., 582 craniofacial fibrous dysplasiav., 593 ameloblastoma and, 419 squamous cell carcinoma v., 588 differential diagnosis of, 425-426 .Watersprojection and, 221 Odontogenic diseases mixed and late cemental dysplasiav., Orex Paxorama Xi system,plate reading diseasesof sinus v., 576 495 and, 231 panoramic projection and, 543, 543f osteoma v., 586 Organic free radicals, 26 Odontogenic epithelial tumors, types of, overview of, 424-425 Organogenesis, prenatal irradiation and, 419-424 radiographic features of, 424-425 39 Odontogenic epithelium, jaw radiopaque lesion and, 288, 288f Organs abnormalities and, 285, 286f synonyms for, 424 dental radiography and, 52 Odontogenic fibroma, 438 tooth displacement and, 292 radiation effects on, 30-32 Odontogenic hamartoma, 424 treatment for, 428 radiation exposure and, 41 Odontogenic inflammatory lesions, Ohm's law relative radiosensitivity of, 31b osteopetrosis and, 530, 531£ conductor and, 9 Orofaciallesions, MRI and, 260, 261f Odontogenic keratocysts.(OKC) units of, 9 Orofacial region, extraoral radiographs ameloblastoma v., 420 OKC. SeeOdontogenic keratocysts and,271 basal cell nevus syndrome v., 398, 398f (OKC) Orofacial structures, infection and, 162 definition of, 394 Oligodontia, synonyms for, 332 Orofaciodigital syndrome, missing teeth dentigerous cyst v., 392 One Tesla, 257 and,333 differential diagnosis of, 395 One-walled, vertical osseousdefects as, Orthgnathic surgery, submentovertex lateral periodontal cyst v., 399 319 projection and, 546 malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 Onocologist, metastatic tumors and, 467 Orthodontic appliances, radiopaque management of, 396-397 Onocytoma (oxyphilic adenoma), appearance of, 190 mandible and, 396f 99mTc-pertechnetateand, 673 Orthodontic elastics,cavitation and, 301 odontogenic cystsand, 589 Opacity Orthodontic patients, radiograph panoramic film of, 290f cervical spine region and, 204 algorithim for, 268f radicular cyst v., 386 coronoid process and, 187 Orthodontics radiographic features of, 394 Open contacts, periodontal diseasesand, cherubism and, 507 residual cyst v., 388 325 cleft palate and, 640 simple bone cyst and, 407 Open-mouth reverse-towneprojection. See condylar hyperplasia and, 551 squamous cell carcinoma originating in Reverse-townprojection (open condylar hypoplasia and, 552 cystand, 464 mouth) Crouzon syndrome and, 641 synonym for, 393 Operculitis,371 dental anomalies and, 267, 268f Odontogenic lesions, 287f Optical density hemifacial microsomia and, 643 alveolar processesand, 411 film and, 80 juvenile arthrosis v., 553 lingual salivarygland depression v., 654 graph of, 78 neonatal fractures and, 568, 569 Odontogenic myxomas x-ray film and, 77 radiographic examination and, 274 additional imaging for, 434 Optimal image density, 63 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 646 ameloblastic fibromas v., 429 Oral cavity, 173 Orthognathic surgery ameloblastoma v., 420 dermoid cystsand, 404 hemifacial microsomia and, 643 central giant cell granuloma Vo,502 diabetes mellitus and, 523 peripheral nerve damage and, 440 central mucoepidermoid carcinoma vo, examination of, 122 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 646 465 film placement and, 128 Orthopantomograph 100, panoramic central odontogenic fibroma vo,438, 439 radiation effects on, 32 machines and, 196, 196f clinical features of, 434 Oral contraceptives, fibrous dysplasia and, Orthophos Plus, panoramic machines and, differential diagnosis of, 434 491 197 lateral oblique film of, 435f Oral diagnostics. SeeDiagnostics, oral Orthoralix S, panoramic machines and, malignant ameloblastoma v., 466 Oral disease,panoramic radiograph, 271 197 724 INDEX Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Oseoclasts,jaws and, 366 Osteogenic sarcomas Osteopenia Osseointegrated implants, missing teeth bone and, 459 juvenile chronic arthritis and, 364 and, 269 cementoossifying fibroma vo,501 metastatic tumors v., 467 Osseousankylosis fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 Osteo'petrosis rheumatoid arthritis V., 563 hemangioma Vo,447f, 448 clinical features of, 528-529 septic arthritis and, 565 odontogenic myxoma vo,434, 435f definition for, 528 Osseouschanges, panoramic projection osteoblastomasVo, 450 differential diagnosis of, 531 and, 543, 543f Paget'sdisease and, 509 osteomyelitis and, 374 Osseouscontours, imaging of, 542 periosteal reaction and, 293, 293f radiographic features of, 529, 531 Osseousdefect, cleft lip and, 640 primary intrinsic malignant tumors and, synonymsfor, 528 Osseousdeformities, furcations of 571 treatment of, 531 multirooted teeth and, 321 OsteoidOsteoid, osteomahypophosphatasia - and, 526 Osteophyte formation, rheumatoid Osseousfractures, osteogenesisimperfecta arthritis v., 563 and, 347 clinical features of, 452 Osteophytes (spurs), 562f Osseousstructures, wide latitude films overview of, 452 condylar hyperplasia v., 551 and, '81 radiographic features of, 452, 454 condyle and, 539 Osseoustissue, remodeling and, 557 Osteoid trabeculae, giant osteoid osteoma degenerativejoint diseaseand, 561, Ossification of stylohyoid ligament and, 450 562f clinical features of, 608 Osteolytic osteosarcoma fracture and, 568 definition of, 608 Burkitt's lymphoma vo,480 osteomas v., 444 differential diagnosis of, 608 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma vo,478 panoramic projection and, 543, 543f example of, 609f Osteoma cutis remodeling v., 559 localized (traumatic) myositis ossifcans clinical features of, 609 Osteoporosis and, 610 definition of, 609 clinical features of, 524 management of, 608 differential diagnosis of, 610 cortical bone and, 203 radiographic features of, 608 management of, 610 Cushing's syndrome and, 523 Ossifying fibromas, 498 periphery and shape of, 609 .definition of, 524 ameloblastoma V., 420 radiographic features of, 609 measurement tools and, 239, 239f benign neoplasm V., 412 Osteoma mucosae, osteoma cutis v., 610 radiographic features of, 524 craniofacial fibrous dysplasia V., 593 Osteomalacia sickle cell anemia and, 533 osteosarcomaV., 469 clinical features of, 524 treatment of, 524 radicular cyst V.,387 definition of, 524 Osteoradionecrosis Ostectomy, crown-root fractures and, radiographic features of, 524 definition of, 380 624 rickets in adults and, 525 head and neck malignancy and, 482 Osteoarthritis, TMJ and, 269 Osteomas irradiation and, 36, 36f Osteoblastic activity, reactive bone and, clinical features of, 443, 586 management of, 382 293 coronoid hyperplasia v., 554 radiographic features of, 380, 382, 382f Osteoblastic osteosarcoma,469 CT scansof, 445f squamous cell carcinoma v., 461 Osteoblastic response,.osteomyelitis and, definition of, 586 Osteosarcoma 380 degenerativejoint diseasev., 562 chronic osteomyelitis v., 379 Osteoblastoma. SeeGiant osteoid differential diagnosis of, 444 clinical features of, 469 osteoma of frontal sinus, 443, 443f definition of, 469 Osteoblastomas Gardner's syndrome and, 445 differential diagnosis of, 469 benign cementoblastoma V.,435 overview of, 443 Ewing's sarcoma v., 474 benign neoplasm V., 411, 412 panoramic radiograph of, 444f management of, 469, 470 panoramic film of, 453f radiographic features of, 443-444, 586 mandible and, 469, 47lf TMJ tumors and, 570 rhinoliths Vo,608 osteoblastomasv., 452 Osteoblasts three classesof, 443 osteomyelitis v., 376 giant osteoid osteoma and, 450 TMJ tumors and, 570 pericoronitis v., 373 systemicdiseases of bone and, 516 totally radiopaque, 289 radiographic features of, 469 Osteochondroma Osteomyelitis, 3660See also Acute types of, 469 condylar hyperplasia V., 550 Osteomyelitis Osteosarcomaof jaws, dentist and, 469 coronoid hyperplasia V.,554 causesand definition of, 37~374 Osteosclerosis CT image of, 57lf cemental dysplasia and, 495 occult diseaseand, 268 degenerativejoint diseasev., 562 differential diagnosis for, 375-377 osteoid osteoma v., 454 joint function and, 570 Ewing's sarcoma v., 474 osteopetrosisv., 531 Osteochondromas fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 periodontal diseasesand, 325 osteomasv., 444 florid osseousdysplasia and, 496, 498 Osteotomy, coronoid hyperplasia and, 554 TMJ tumors and, 570 forms of, 374 Ostiomatal complex, sinusitis and, 578 Osteochondromatosis, 565 fracture and, 636, 636f Otorhinolaryngologist, rhinoliths and, chondrocalcinosis and, 566, 566f inflammatory lesions and, 367 608 Osteoclastic activity, Paget'sdisease and, management of, 377 Outer cortical plates, aneurysmal bone 509 of mandible, 377f cyst and, 504, 505f, 506f Osteoclastic bone resorption, periodontitis new bone and, 293, 293f Overdentures, dentinogenesis imperfecta and,314 osteosarcomav., 469 and, 347 Osteoclasts periapical inflammatory lesion v., 367, Oxalosis, multiple myeloma v., 477 resorption, 356 367f, 368, 371 Oxidation, developer and, 102 systemicdiseases of bone and, 516 pericoronitis and, 373 Oxygen (hypoxia) Osteocytes,systemic diseasesof bone and, septic arthritis and, 565 cell survival and, 31-32 516 squamous cell carcinoma vo,461 irradiated tissuesand, 31 Osteogenesisimperfecta, overview of, Osteopathia striata, osteopetrosisv., Oxygen enhancement ratio, cell damage 347 531 and INDEX 725 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com p Palatal molar roots, 178 Panoramic views Paatero, panoramic radiography principles Palatal root, 92f bifid condyle and, 554 and, 192 Palate cemental dysplasia time sequence in, Pagetoid skull bones, Paget's diseaseand, film placement and, 126, 130, 134 494£ 508 gag reflex and, 163 mandibular body fractures and, 625 Paget's disease image field of, 155 Pansinusitis, overview of, 579 altered trabecular pattern and, 509f incisive foramen and, 174 Paper film packets, contamination and, chronic osteomyelitis V.,379 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, 477 118 craniofacial fibrous dysplasiaV., 593 occlusal radiography and, 160 Paper loop, film with, 74f definition of, 507 premolar bitewing projection and, 150 Paper printers, obstaclesto, 235 differential diagnosis of, 508-509 torus mandibularis and, 413 Papillary crystadenoma lymphomatosum, edentulous mandible with, 510f Treacher Collins syndrome and, 643 672 florid osseousdysplasia V, 496 Palate bone, mid-facial area and, 204 Papillon-Lefevere syndrome hypercementosis and, 362 Palatine torus, 412 aggressiveperiodontitis v., 324 management of, ~09 Palliation, multiple myeloma v., 477 periodontal diseaseand, 327 mandible'and,285 Pannus, rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 Paradental cyst of third molar, buccal multiple radiopaque massesin, 51Of Panoramic, extraoral projections as, 74 bifurcation cyst v., 392 osteosarcomaand, 469 Panoramic examination, children and, 267 Paradental cysts,392 radiographic features of, 507-508 Panoramic film buccal bifurcation cyst v., 392 three radiographic stagesof, 507-508 benign tumors and, 410 Parafunction Pain buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392, 393f degenerativejoint diseaseand, 559 acinic cell carcinoma and, 675 cementifying fibroma in, 499f internal derangement and, 555 acute osteomyelitis and, 374 condylar hypoplasia in, 552 Parallax unsharpness ameloblastic fibromas and, 428 darkroom techniques for, 200 film and, 83f aneurysmal bone cyst and, 503 dilated odontome and, 343f results of, 83, 83f benign cementoblastoma and, 436 florid osseousdysplasia and, 496 Parallel technique bifid condyle and, 554 simple bone cyst in, 406f .bisection technique VS.,62 buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392 Panoramic image, cropped, large maxillary central incisor projection and, chronic sinusitis and, 579 keratocyst in, 397f 126 dental concussion and, 616 Panoramic images overview of, 123-125,123f desmoplastic fibroma of bone and, 454 advantagesof, 191 periapical radiography and, 121-122 diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and, 378 ameloblastoma and, 420, 424f tooth and, 90, 90f eosinophilic granuloma and, 509 anatomic structures on, 201-209 Paramandibular musculature, epithelial papilloma and, 586 CCDs and, 228 fibrosarcoma and, 474 fibrosarcoma and, 474 challenges in viewing, 201 Paranasalsinus mucosa, sinusitis and, 578 giant osteoid osteoma V., 450 condylar hyperplasia, 55lf Paranasalsinuses, 177, 577 hemangioma and, 445 disadvantagesof, 191 anieloblastoma and, 419 inflammation and, 366 extraoral radiography and, 283 cleidocranial dysplasiaand, 646, 648 meta..,tatictumors and, 467 fibrous dysplasiaand, 488f diseasesassociated with, 577-578 monostotic fibrous dysplasiaand, 485 formation principles of, 192-196 epithelial papilloma and, 586 nasolabial cyst, 401-402 intellectual segmentation of, 202f intrinsic diseasesof, 578 neurilemoma and, 439 interpreting, 200-201 malignant neoplasms of, 586-587 neurofibroma and, 441 multiple myeloma and, 476f normal development of, 576-577 neuromas and, 440 odontogenic keratocyst and, 395f osteomasand, 443, 443f, 444, 586 odontogenic keratocyst and, 394 properly acquired, 20lf overview of, 576 osteoid osteoma and, 452 radiolucent airway shadowsand, 207 sinus diseaseand, 269 osteoradionecrosis and, 380 Panoramic machines, 114 traumatic injuries to, 593 osteosarcomaand, 469 center of rotation and, 193 variations in, 576-577 periapical cemental dysplasia,492 exposure factors and, 204 Parasite lines, linear tomogram and, 247 periapical inflammatory lesion and, 368 operation illustrations of, 192, 192f Parateeth, 330 remodeling and, 559 Panoramic projection Parathesiaof inferior alveolar nerve, rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 hard tissue imaging and, 543, 543f central mucoepidermoid carcinoma septic arthritis and, 565 juvenile arthrosis and, 553, 553f and, 465 simple bone cyst and, 405 transitional dentition and, 273 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) squamouscell carcinoma and, 461 Panoramic radiographs functions of, 517 squamouscell carcinoma originating in calcified atheromas and, 268 renal osteodystrophy and, 527 cyst and, 464 dental implants and, 677, 678b, 680-681, Parenchymal cells, radiation and, 31 synovial chondromatosis and, 565 68Of Paresthesia TMJ dysfunction and, 538 head alignment and, 199f metastatic tumors and, 467 vertical root fractures and, 623 implants and, 269 neurilemoma and, 439 Pain, bone lesion and, 254f neurofibroma and, 441 acute leukemias and, 481 multiple myeloma bone destruction in, pyramidal fracture and, 632 multiple myeloma and, 475 477f squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 osteomalacia and, 525 orofacial region and, 271 Paresthesiaof cheek, zygomatic arch primary hyperparathyroidism and, 517 periapical cemental dysplasia,492 fractures and, 635 Pain, low back, multiple myeloma and, potential implant site and, 680f Paresthesiaof inferior alveolar nerve, 475 purpose of, 271 MricanBurkitt's lymphoma and, 478 Palatal cleft, occlusal radiographs and, TMJ and, 269 Pariapical films, film mount for, 108 271 torus palatinus and, 412 Parotid glands Palatal cortex, nasopalatine duct cyst and, trauma and, 269 CT and, 663, 663f 401, 403f Panoramic tomographic views, coronoid cystic lesions of, 671 Palatal lesions, 303 hyperplasia and, 553 enlargements of, 658 726 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com INn~x

Parotid glands (Continued) Periapical areas, image field and, 126, 128 Periapical radiographs (Continued) malignant tumors of, 673 Periapical cemental dysplasia (PCD) genial tubercles and, 182, 182f radiation and, 33 benign cementoblastoma Vo,436 implants and, 269 sialadenosisand, 670 clinical features of, 492 intraoral projection techniques for, sialodochitis and, 668 complex odontomas V.,427 121-122 stones in, 603 defined periphery of, 492, 495f leukemia in, 481f ultrasonography of, 671f definitioJ;l of, 492 occlusal radiographs and, 160, 163 Warthin tumor as, 672 differential diagnosis of, 495 periapical bone and, 298 Parotid sialoliths, radiography and, 660 enostosesvo, 416 periapical cemental dysplasia,492 Parry-Romberg syndrome, hemifacial fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 periodontium and, 316 microsomia and, 643 florid osseousdysplasia V., 496 purpose of, 270 Parthyroid glands, renal osteodystrophy internal structure of, 492, 492f torus palatinus and, 412 and,526 jaw abnormalities a:i:td,285 trauma and, 269 Partial image, 12~ management of, 495 Periapical radiolucencies, radicular dentin faulty radiographs and, 107b mature stage of, 495f dysplasia(type 1) and, 348 Partial resection, aneurysmal bone cyst mixed stage of, 492, 494f Periapical rarifying osteitis and,506 periapical inflammatory lesions V., 370, earlycemental dysplasiav., 495 Particulate radiation, overview of, 4-5 37lf periapical inflammatory lesions v., 370 Parulis, perapical inflammatory lesions picture matching and, 283, 284f Periapical sclerosing osteitis and,371 radicular cyst V., 386 benign cementoblastoma v., 436 Pathologic fracture radiographic features of, 492, 495 bone formation and, 369, 370f fibrosarcoma and, 474 synonyms for, 492 enostosesv., 416 multiple myeloma and, 476f Periapical cysts,385 Periapical surgical defect, radicular cystv., squamous cell carcinoma originating in primary osseouscarcinoma vo,463 386 cyst and, 464 Periapical disease Periapical survey, children and, 160 Pathologic fracture of jaw, metastatic dental inflammatory lesions and, 588 Periapical views tumors and, 467 mental foramen and, 184, 184f children and, 267 Pathology, ghost images and, 208 mental fossa and, 183, 183f periodontal diseaseand, 316 Patient occult diseaseand, 268 periodontitis and, 267 intraoral technique and, 62 radiographic examination and, 266 purposes for, 73 radiographic examination and, 55-56, Periapical fibroosteoma, 492 Pericoronal odontogenic keratocyst, 281 Periapical fibrous dysplasia,492 adenomaoid odontogenic tumor v., radiographic guidelines and, 272-273 Periapical films 433 screen film and, 74 buccal bifurcation cyst and, 392, 393f Pericoronitis Patient, positioning of, 125 and, 344f clinical features of, 373 head alignment and, 197-198 furcation involvement of mandibular definition of, 371, 373 Patient management, children and, molar and, 323f differential diagnosis of, 373 160-161 image field and, 138 internal structure of, 373, 373f Patients, edentulous, radiographic loose dental implant and, 689 management of, 373 examination of, 163 molar bitewing projection and, 152 radiographic features of, 373 Patients, mentally disabled, radiographic profound radiolucent lesion in, 323f Peridens, 330 examination for, 163 radicular cyst and, 386f Periodonitis, radiation injury and, 38 Patients, physically disabled, radiographic radiolucent-radiopaque internal Periodontal abscesses examination of, 163 structure in, 486f buccal bifurcation cyst v., 393 PCD. SeePeripical cemental dysplasia squamous cell carcinoma and, 29Of diabetes mellitus and, 327 (PCD) torus mandibularis and, 413 maxillary cuspid and, 324£ Pcnodysostosis,osteopetrosis v., 531 Periapical granulomas, 367 overview of, 322 PDL. SeePeriodontal ligament (PDL) periapical inflammatory lesions V., 367, Periodontal bone healing, digital space 367f, 368, 370 subtraction radiography for, 238f Peak kilovoltage (kVp) , exposure and, 78 Periapical idiopathic osteosclerosis,414 Periodontal disease Peg-shapeddeformity, microdontia and, Periapical images, 282 AIDS and, 327 335f Periapical infection, Turner's hypoplasia, alveolar bone and, 283 Penguin gait, osteomalacia and, 525 352 assessmentof, 315 Penny test, fogging and, 112, 113f Periapical inflammation, interrelationship cancer and, 458 Peptic ulcers, primary of results in, 367f density of alveolar crest in, 317, 317f hyperparathyroidism and, 517 Periapical inflammatory lesions, 167, 366 dental conditions associatedwith, Perapical inflammatory lesions acute osteomyelitis V.,375 325-326 clinical features of, 368 dental concussion and, 616 dental inflammatory lesions and, 588 definition of, 367, 367f metastatic tumors V.,467 diabetes mellitus and, 327, 523 differential diagnosis for, 370 pulp and, 366 differential diagnosis of, 326 effects on surrounding structures, 370 synonyms for, 367 effect of systemicdiseases on, 327 internal structure of, 369, 369f Periapical intraoral radiographs, septa enamel pearl and, 350 management of, 371 and, 179 frequency of radiographs in, 316 osteomyelitis v., 368 Periapical osteitis, enostosesvo, 416 gemination and, 338 periphery of, 369, 369f Periapical osteofibrosis, 492 indications of, 169 radiographic features of, 368, 368f Periapical projections inflammatory lesions and, 367 Perforation lamina dura and, 176 jaws and, 366 arthrography v., 548, 549f overview of, 121, 122f Langerhans' cell histiocytosis v., 513 deformed disk and, 559f Periapical radiographs limitations of radiographs in, 315 Periapical abscess,367 . canine and, 91, 9lf local irritation factors in, 325-326 perapical inflammatory lesion and, 367, dental fractures and, 163 nutrient canals and, 185 367f, 368 full-mouth examination and, 270 occlusal trauma and, 325 INDEX 727 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Periodontal disease (Continued) Peripheral invasive squamous cell Phosphors fluorescence, x-ray beam and, open contacts and, 325 carcinoma, fibrosarcoma v., 475 75 overview of, 267 Peripheral nerves Phosphorus, hypophosphatemia and, 527 positioning patient and, 208 fibrosarcoma and, 474 Photoelectric absorption, 18f radiographic examination and, 266, 274 neurilemoma from, 439 Compton scattering and, 19 rotational scenography and, 250 neurofibroma and, 440 diagnostic imaging and, 17 squamous cell carcinoma v., 461 neuroma and, 440 Photomicrograph, of film emulation, 97, stereoscopytechnique and, 249, 249f Peripheral tumors, adenomaoid 98f tooth mobility and, 325 odontogenic tumor and, 431 Photomultiplier tube, photostimulable Periodontal lesions Peripheral vascular disease,arteriosclerosis phosphor plates (PSP), 230f soft tissue and, 366 and, 602 Photon energies, x-ray machine and, 12, Permanent canine, transposition and, 336 12f, 13f vertical root fractures and, 623 Permanent dentitions - Periodontal ligament damage, blood flow Photons, 94, 95f and, 617 fusion of teeth and, 336 absorber and, 71 Periodontalligamedt (PDL) space hypocalcification/hypocalcification, 345 bremsstrahlung interactions and, 12 dental concussion and, 616 hypodontia in, 332 coherent scattering and, 16-17; 17f dental root fractures and, 621 taurodontism and, 339 dense objects and, 79 examination process and, 283 Permanent incisors, congenital syphilis fields associatedwith, 6f extruded tooth and, 617 and, 353, 353f film density and, 78 fibrous dysplasiaand, 489 Permanent lateral incisor, fusion of teeth focal spot and, 86, 87f inflammatory lesions and, 367 and, 336, 336f penetration of matter and, 14 luxated tooth and, 617 Permanent maxillary lateral incisors, dens quantum theory and, 5-{} mandibular canal v., 184 in dente and, 342 radiographic density and, 77 metastatic tumors and, 467 Permanent molar periapical projection, scattered radiation and, 80 multiple myeloma and, 475 mixed dentition and, 162 Photosensitivity, silver halide grains and, overview of, 170, 170f Permanent teeth 71 periapical cemental dysplasiaand, 495 crown-root fractures and, 623 Photostimulable phosphor, radiographic periapical inflammatory lesions and, dental root fractures and, 620 imaging and, 230 370 fractures of dental crown in, 619 Photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) progressive systemicsclerosis v., 532, hypopituitarism and, 522 receptors, comparison of physical 532f odontomas and, 425, 426f properties of, 243t radicular dilaceration and, 340 reimplanting,619 Photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) sarcomasand, 459 Permeative borders, lesions with, 289 clinical handling of, 241 vertical osseousdefects and, 319 Pernoxyl radicals, biologic molecules and, exposure latitudes and, 223f Periodontal membrane 26 image formation of, 230f concrescenceand, 338 Personnel, occupational exposure and, 64- image receptors and, 198 osteosarcomaand, 469, 47lf 65 overview of, 230-231,230f Periodontal membrane space PET. SeePositron emission computed panoramic machine v, 192 abnormalities in, 292 . tomography (PET) Photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) progressive systemicsclerosis and, 532 Petechiae, acute leukemias and, 481 images, contralateral treatment with, Periodontal pocket formation, enamel Petrified man condition, progressive 242 pearl and, 350 myositis ossificans and, 611 Photostimulable phosphor plates (PSP) Periodontal probe, scout film and, 661 Petrotympanic fissure, sagittal plane and, systems Periodontal therapy 540 problems with, 242 evaluation of, 326-327 Petrous ridges resolution factors in, 231 periapical film after, 326f panoramic film and, 200, 200f Photo timing, radiographic procedures Periodontitis, 267. Seealso Moderate reverse-Towneprojection, 222, 223f using, 63 periodontitis Pharyngeal airway shadow,mandibular PHT. SeeParathyroid hormone (PTH) chronic infectious diseasesand, 314 ramal area and, 202 Physicallydisabled patients. SeePatients, etiology of, 314 Pharynx, ossification of stylohyoid physically disabled Periodontium, disorders of, 314 ligament, 609 Physiologic attrition. SeeAttrition Perioral tissues,cysticercus ceUulosae and, Phenodin, radiology and, 97 Physiotherapy 601 Phleboliths, 597 degenerativejoint diseaseand, 562 Periosteal bone formation calcified lymph nodes and, 599 rheumatoid arthritis and, 563 Ewing's sarcoma v., 474 clinical features of, 605 septic arthritis and, 565 periostitis and, 589 definition of, 605 Pierre Robin sequence,Treacher Collins Periosteal reaction differential diagnosis of, 605-606 syndrome v., 646 mestastic lesions and, 293, 293f hemangiomas v., 673 Piezoelectric crystal, sonography and, 263 metastatic tumors and, 467 radiographic features of, 605, 606f Piezoelectric extracorporeal shock wave osteomyelitis, 374 sialoliths v., 666 lithotripsy, stones and, 605 Periosteal surfaces,Ewing's sarcoma and, Phosphatase,dystrophic calcification and, Pindborg tumor, 422 473 598 Pipe stem appearance, arteriosclerosis and, Periosteum Phosphate serum, osteomalacia and, 524 602 acute osteomyelitis and, 375 Phosphoethanolamine, hypophosphatasia Pituitary adenoma, acromegaly v., 521 inflammatory lesions and, 367 and, 526 Pituitary dwarfism, microdontia in, 335 Periostitis Phosphor crystal, intensifying screens and, Pituitary giantism, microdontia and, 335f apical inflammatory lesions and, 37lf 83 Pituitary gland definition of, 589 Phosphor layer, composition of, 76 craniofacial fibrous dysplasiaand, 593 radiographic features of, 589, 589f Phosphor plates, bitewing and, 299f hyperpituitarism and, 521 Periostitis ossificans,374 Phosphorescence.See Light Pituitary tumor, hyperpituitarism and, 521 Peripheral cortication, central (phosphorescence) Pixel matrix, silicon crystalsand, 227, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and, 465 Phosphorescent crystals, function of, 76 228f 728 INDEX Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Pixels, 253 Polyps, intestinal, Gardner's syndrome Posteroanterior skull view computed tomography (CT) image and, and, 445 dystrophic calcification in tonsils and, 251 Polytetraflouroethylene implants, 599 digital detector characteristics and, 232 computed tomography (CT) and, 548 osteoma cutis and, 609 digital imaging and, 225 Polyuria, diabetes mellitus and, 523 Posteroanterior views, horizontal fracture image restoration and, 235 Porcelain and, 631 Plain film radiography metal copin~ and, 189f Postmenopausalwomen, osteoporosis and, conventional tomography v., 547 restorative materials as, 187, 188f 524 salivary gland diseaseand, 659 Position and distance rule, occupational Postoperative assessments,radiographs salivary glands and, 660 safety and, 65, 65f and, 687-691 Position artifact, panoramic machines and, Postradiation dental caries, head and neck Plaque aggressiveperiodontitis and, 324 196f malignancy and, 482 inflammatory host response and, 314 Positioning, patient, MRI and, 549-550 Posttraumatic myositis ossificans,610 Positioning indicating device, calibration Potassium bromide Plaqueand, formation, 325 periodontal . diseases and, 11~114 developing solution and, 97 Plasmacell granuloma, 588 Positive angulation, projection of central restrainers and, 97 Plasma cell myeloma, 475 ray and, 145 Power supply Plasma cells, multiple myeloma and, 475 Positron, PET and, 262 functions of, 9 Plasmacytoma,475 Positron emission computed tomography x-ray machine and, 9-11 Plastic barrier sheaths,contamination and, (PET) Preauricular cyst, parotid and, 658 118 classification of salivary tumors and, 665 Preauricular region, joint effusion and, Plastic surgery, hemifacial microsomia diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis and, 567 and, 643 378 Precession,magnetic field and, 257 Pleomorphic adenoma, 672 nuclear medicine and, 262 Precision instrument Pleomorphism of cells, desmoplastic Postassiumhydroxide, developers and, 97 dry-heat sterilization for, 117 fibroma of bone and, 454 Posterior alveolar process, segmental film holding and, 124, 124f Plexiform neurofibromas, odontomaxillary dysplasia and, 651 film placement and, 132, 144 neurofibromatosis and, 443 Posterior-anterior cephalometric skull patient examination and, 123 Pluripotentiallining cells, inflammatory radiographs, paranasal sinusesand, pm and, 59, 60f lesions and, 367 576 projection of central ray and, 135 technique evaluation with, 62 Pluripotential odontogenic epithelium, Posterior-anterior (PA) skull film, central mucoepidermoid carcinoma panoramic film and, 200, 200f Precision Pedodontic instruments, from, 465 Posterior attachment (retrodiskal tissues) children and, 162 PM 2002 CC Proline, panoramic machines anatomy of, 541 Pregnancy and, 197, 197f disk and, 540 fibrous dysplasia and, 491 Pocket formation, periodontal diseases mandibular fossa and, 541 ionizing radiation and, 164 and, 325 Posterior bitewing films irradiation comparative risk during, Point of entry children and, 162 40t anterior mandibular occlusal projection each quadrant with, 149 Patient Selection Criteria Panel and, 157 mixed dentition and, 162 regarding, 61 anterior maxillary occlusal projection Posterior cranial occipital condyles, radiographs, 274-275 and, 154 submentovertex projection and, 220, Premature craniosynostosis,640 cross-sectionalmandibular occlusal 220f Premaxilla, 172 projection in, 158 Posterior dorsum, gag reflex and, 163 Premolar bitewing projection lateral mandibular occlusal projection Posterior joint space, condyle and, 542, central ray projection and, 151 and, 159 5442f film placement in, 150 lateral maxillary occlusal projection and, Posterior mandible image field in, 150 156 desmoplastic fibromas of bone in, 454 Premolar gemination, 338 molar bitewing projection and, 153 metastatic tumors and, 459 Premolar projection, 149 occlusal plane and, 153 neuromas and, 440 edentulous patients and, 165 paralleling technique and, 127, 129, osteomyelitis in, 367 Premolar region, torus mandibularis and, 131,133,135,137,139,141,143, squamous cell carcinoma and, 461 413 145, 147 trabecular pattern in, 171£ Premolars Point of measurement, dental radiography Posterior periapical films cementoossifying fibroma and, 499 and, 52 children and, 162 dental fragments in sinus and, 593 Polydipsia, diabetes mellitus and, 523 external oblique ridge and, 186 external resorption and, 358 Polymer coat, intensifying screensand, primary dentition and, 161, 161£ film placement and, 132, 138 77 Posterior retrodiskal tissues,disk and, 540 image field and, 132, 142 Polymyositis, autoimmune sialadenitis and, Posterior skull radiographs, bony lesions odontogenic myxoma and, 434 669 and, 660 supplemental teeth and, 332f Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Posterior skull view, mandibular fracture torus mandibularis and, 413 children and, 485 and, 615 Prenatal irradiation, effects of, 39 McCune-Albright syndrome and, 485 Posterior teeth, mylohyoid ridge and, 185, Preservatives Polyposisof sinus mucosa, 582 185f developing solution and, 97 Polyposissyndromes, enostosesv., 416 Posteroanterior cephalometric projection fixing solution and, 98 Polyps. Seealso Antral polyps anatomic landmarks in, 216f Pressure,excessive, resorption and, 356 clinical features of, 582 evaluation steps in, 221-222, 222f Primary dentition definition of, 582 image receptor and, 213 hypopituitarism and, 522 dystrophic calcification and, 598, 599f patient placement and, 213 internal resorption and, 356 inflammatory diseaseand, 578 resultant image with, 213 projections used, 161 radiographic features of, 582, 584 Posteroanterior skull radiograph, taurodontism and, 339 squamo~~cell carcinoma and, 587 pyramidal fracture and, 631 Primary epithelial tumot of jay, 463 INDEX 729 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com

Primary hyperparathYroidism Prosthetic crowns Pulp radiographic manifications of, 518 dentinogenesis imperfecta and, 347 calcium hydroxide base and, 187, 188f teeth v. jaw density in, 518, 519f dilaceration and, 340 composition of teeth and, 166 Primary intraalveolar epidermoid Prosthetic procedures, hypodontia and, crown-root fractures and, 623 carcinoma, 463 333 radiolucent silicate restorations and, Primary intraosseous carcinoma, 463 Prosthetic replacement, dentin dysplasia 189f jaw and, 463 and,349 tooth crown fractures and, 619 squamouscell carcinoma originating in Prosthetics' Pulp canal cyst v., 464 edentulous patients and, 165 antroliths v., 584 Primary lesion, metastatic tumors and, 466 microdontia and, 335 external resorption and, 358, 360 Primary lymphoma, minor salivary glands preoperative planning with, 269 Pulp capping, tooth crown fractures and, and, 675 transposed teeth and, 336 620 Primary malignancy, metastatic tumors Prosthetics, maxillofacial Pulp chamber, 299 and, 467, 468f hemifacial microsomia and, 643 amelogenesisimperfecta and, 346 Primary odontogenic carcinoma, 463 Treacher Collins syndrome and, 646 attrition and, 354 Primary osseouscarcinoma Protective coat, intensifying screensand, coronal dentin dysplasia (type 2), 347, differential diagnosis of, 463-464 77 348, 348f internal structure of, 463 Protective envelopes, features of, 117 dens in dente and, 342, 342f management of, 464 Proteins, irradiation of, 27 dental concussion and, 616 radiographic features of, 463, 463f Proton-weighted pulse sequences,MRl dentin dysplasiaand, 348 Primary teeth and,550 dentinogenesis imperfecta and, 346 benign cementoblastoma and, 435 Protons, atom structure and, 3, 4 examination process and, 283 dentin dysplasiaand, 348 Proximal carious lesions fusion of teeth and, 336 gemination and, 338 bitewing and, 299f gemination and, 338, 338f odontomas and, 425 interproximal radiographs (bitewings) hypophosphatasia and, 526 regional odontodysplasia, 349 and, 271 hypop':1osphatemiaand, 528 Primary tumors, 458 susceptible zone in, 304f 'internal resorption and, 356, 357, 357f Primordial cysts,393 Proximal surfaces, fibre-optic radicular dentin dysplasia(type 1) and, former cystsand, 405 transillumination (FOTI), 305, 311 348, 348f Processingprocedures, quality assurance Pruritus, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, regional odontodysplasia and, 349, 350f program and, 110 477 secondary dentin and, 360, 360.360f Processingroom, components for, 99 Pseudarthrosis, ankylosis and, 569 segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia Processingsolutions, 100 Pseudo-color, digital systemsand, 236, and, 651 image quality and, 63 238 taurodontism and, 339 reference film and, 110-111 Pseudocysts,581 Pulp chamber, rectangular, taurodontism Processingtanks, 99 effects on surrounding structures, 582 and, 339, 339f Prodromal period, acute radiation internal structure of, 582 Pulp channels, composition of teeth and, syndrome and, 37 lingual salivary gland depression and, 166 Progeria, microdontia and, 335 651 Pulp horn Prognathism, basal cell nevus syndrome periphery and shape of, 582 dens evaginatus, 343 and, 397 Pseudogout, 566 enamel pearl and, 350 Prognosis articular loose bodies and, 565 talon cusp and, 352 metastatic tumors and, 467 Pseudohypo parathyro idism Pulp stones radiographic guidelines and, 272 clinical features of, 519-520 definition of, 361 Progressivebone cavity, 405 induced dental anomalies in, 521£ differential diagnosis of, 361 Progressivemyositis ossificans overviewof,519 enamel pearl v., 350 definition of, 611 radiographic features of, 520 radiographic features of, 361 differential diagnosis of, 611 Pseudotrabeculae, localized (traumatic) secondary dentin v, 361 management of, 611 myositis ossificans and, 610 Pulpal calcification, pulp stones and, 361 radiographic features of, 611 Pseudotumor Pulpal disease,dens in dente and, 342 Progressiveosteopenia, osteogenesis clinical features of, 588 Pulpal infection imperfecta and, 347 definition of, 588 internal resorption and, 357 Progressivesystemic sclerosis (PSS) differential diagnosis for, 588 regional odontodysplasia and, 349 clinical features of, 531 management of, 588 Pulpal necrosis definition of, 531 radiographic features of, 588 dental concussion and, 616 differential diagnosis of, 532 synonyms for, 588 dental root fractures and, 622 management of, 532 Pseudotumor of sinuses,588 periapical inflammatory lesion and, 367, radiographic features of, 531-532 Psoriasis,psoriatic arthritis and, 564 367f Projection geometry, digital subtraction Psoriatic arthritis tooth crown fractures and, 620 radiography (DSR) and, 238-239, overview of, 564 traumatized tooth and, 617 238f rheumatoid arthritis v., 563 Pulpal sclerosis Projections, 123b PSS. SeeProgressive systemic sclerosis definition of, 362 Proliferative periostitis, 374, 377f (PSS) pulp stones v., 361 children and, 375 Psychiatric problems, primary radiographic features of, 362 Prophylactic restoration, dens in dente hyperparathyroidism and, 517 Pulpectomy, tooth crown fractures and, and, 343 Psychological distress, missing teeth and, 620 Proptosis 333 Pulpotomy, tooth crown fractures and, 620 craniofacial fibrous dysplasiaand, 593 Pterygoid fovea, condyle and, 539 Pycnodysostosis mucocele and, 585 Pterygoid plates, anatomical overview of, cleidocranial dysplasiav., 648 polyps and, 582 181, 181£ osteopetrosis v., 531 Prostate metastasis,osteosarcoma v., 469 Pterygomaxillary fissure, 205, 207f Pyocele, mucocele as, 584, 585 Prosthesis\imaging stents and, 686 CT image and, 205, 207f Pyogenic osteomyelitis, 374 730 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com INDEX

Pyramidal fractures, 629 Radiation therapy (Continued) Radiographic grids clinical features of, 631-632 primary osseouscarcinoma and, 464 composition of, 84-85, 84f craniofacial dysfunction v., 633 radiation-induced xerostomia and, 275 extrao,ral radiographic examinations definition of, 631 squamous cell carcinoma and, 461, and, 210 management of, 632 588 function of, 84 radiographic features of, 632 tumors and, 673 x-ray beam and, 83 radiographic position of, 631£ Turner's hypoplasia and, 352 Radiographic guidelines xerostomia and, 305 clinical application of, 275-276 Q Radiation units, summary of, 20t stage of dental development and, 273 Quality, extraoral images and, 218 Radiation weighing factor, 47 Radiographic image contrast, kilovoltage Quality assurance Radical neck dissection, malignant tumors relationship to, 62 guide for establishing, 67b and, 673 Radiographic images overview of, 65-66 Radicular cysts interpretation steps in, 64, 218, 283 radiology and, 118-115 clinical features of, 385 osteoblastomasand, 450, 451£ Quantitative computed tomography collapsing of, 387, 387f Radiographic imaging chain, schematic of, (QCT) programs, osteoporosis and, definition of, 385 227f 524 differential diagnosis of, 386 Radiographic interpretation Quantum mottle, fast intensifying screens lateral periodontal cyst V., 399 classification in, 294-295 and, 82 management of, 387 developmental v. acquired in, 294 Quantum theory, overview of, 5-6 nasopalatine duct cyst V.,401 formulation of, 293 Quiescent periods, periodontitis and, 314 odontogenic cystsand, 589 normal v. abnormal in, 293-294 periapical inflammatory lesions V.,370 steps in, 283 R periphery and shape of, 385 ways to proceed with, 295 Rad (radiation absorbed dose), tissue and, radiographic features of, 385, 385f Radiographic joint space,541, 541£ 21 retention pseudocystsV., 582 overview of, 542 Radiation synonymsfor, 385 Radiographic mottle, overview of, 81-82, cellular level effects of, 27 Radicular dentin dysplasia (type 1) 82 digital detector characteristics and, 233 dentin dysplasia and, 347, 348 Radiographic noise, overview of, 81-82 digital imaging and, 225 radiographic features of, 348, 348f Radiographic procedures, special patient fibrosarcoma and, 474 Radioactivity, measurement of, 21 considerations in, 162-165 long-term effects of, 31 Radiofrequency pulse, angle of rotation Radiographic report nature of, 4-6 and, 258 clinical information in, 295 panoramic radiograph, 271 Radiograph findings and, 295-296 radiographic guidelines and, 272 appearance of lamina dura on, 168 imaging procedure in, 295 stereoscopytechnique and, 249 demineralization process and, 311 interpretation (impression) and, Radiation beam, horizontal angulation guidelines for ordering, 272 295-296 and, 148 nutrient canals and, 185f patient and general information in, Radiation biology,caries overview . of, 25 overview of, 86 295 selection criteria for, 272 Radiographic selection criteria, overview dental radiology and, 482 of sinuses, 177, 177f of,56 examples of, 312f thickened mucosa and, 578, 579f Radiographic speed, overview of, 81 overview of, 34-36, 36f Radiographic appearance, aggressive Radiographic survey, aspectsof, 161, radiation therapy and, 275 periodontitis and, 324 161£ three types of, 35 Radiographic blurring, overview of, 82 Radiographic tube housing, occupational tooth destruction of, 305, 312f Radiographic contrast, overview of, 79 safety and, 65 Radiation chemistry, overview of, 25 Radiographic cortical boundaries, Radiography Radiation dose hypophosphatemia and, 527, 529f categories of, 121 CBCT and, 255 Radiographic density, overview of, 77-79 clinical algorithm for ordering, 268f, radionuclide-labeled tracers and, 260 Radiographic examinations 274 Radiation dosimetry report, 66f children and, 160-162 condyles in children and, 539 Radiation exposure, sources of, 47-51 concrescence and, 337-338 cross-contamination in, 115 Radiation genetics, overview of, 42, 42t conduct of, 56 dark, 105b Radiation injury, clinical signs after, 37-38 cost v. benefit of, 266 dental caries and, 297 Radiation quantities, summary of, 20t criteria of quality for, 121 duplicating, 108-109 Radiation therapy dens evaginatus and, 343 exposure and dose in, 51-52 ameloblastoma and, 422 dens in dente and, 342, 342f false-positive carious lesions and, 300 central mucoepidermoid carcinoma florid osseousdysplasia and, 496 faulty, common causesof, 105 and, 465 guidelines for ordering, 265, 266 guidelines for ordering, 271 condylar hypoplasia and, 552 of mixed dentition, 162f image field and, 126, 128 Ewing's sarcoma and, 474 periodontitis and, 267 luxation and, 617 fibrosarcoma v., 475 properties of, 270t periodontal diseaseand, 315 fibrous dysplasiaand, 491 taurodontism and, 339, 339f potential dental implant sites and, 683 hemifacial microsomia and, 643 Radiographic features pregnancy and, 274-275 Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and, 514 algorithm of diagnostic process in, previous, uses for, 271 malignant lesions and, 32-33 294£ radiolucent v.radiopaque materials in, metastatic tumors and, 467 cherubism and, 507 289 multiple myeloma v., 477 primary hyperparathyroidism and, skull, hyperpituitarism and, 521, 522f non-Hodgkin's lymphoma v., 478 518 supplemental teeth and, 331, 332f osteoradionecrosis and, 380 Radiographic findings, monostotic fibrous treatment of periodontal disease and, osteosarcomaand, 469 dysplasiaand, 485 326 parotid area v., 658 Radiographic granular trabecular pattern, viewing conditions in, 282 posterior body of mandible and, 380 hypophosphatemia and, 527 Radiologists, film printers and, 235