Dialektsyntax Relative Wo in Alemannic: Only a Complementizer?
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L1 ENGLISH L2 GERMAN LEARNERS‟ GRAMMATICALITY JUDGMENTS and KNOWLEDGE of DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS by Daniel Robert Walter a THES
L1 ENGLISH L2 GERMAN LEARNERS‟ GRAMMATICALITY JUDGMENTS AND KNOWLEDGE OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS By Daniel Robert Walter A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS German Studies 2011 ABSTRACT L1 ENGLISH L2 GERMAN LEARNERS‟ GRAMMATICALITY JUDGMENTS AND KNOWLEDGE OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS By Daniel Robert Walter Second language learners are often faced with difficult decisions while interpreting language. One specific difficulty of discourse is dealing with ambiguity, which is often made more challenging by the fact that second language learners‟ native language processes may carry over into their second language processes. Some learners may not have received any explicit instruction on how to deal with ambiguity and must rely on internal processing by their interlanguage to make a guess as to what the speaker means. This thesis explores the acquisition of German demonstrative pronouns by second language learners of German whose native language is English. Unlike German, which allows for both personal pronoun usage (er, sie, es etc.) and demonstrative pronoun usage (der, die, das etc.) to refer back to antecedents, English only allows personal pronouns. Thus English native speakers tend to rely on syntactic structure to resolve ambiguous pronoun usage, while German speakers can differentiate antecedents through the use of demonstrative and personal pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns in German typically encode for object pronoun reference, while English does not have an equivalent form. In order to determine how L1 English learners of German deal with this incongruity between English and German pronoun resolution, learners of German in advanced German classes were tested via a grammaticality judgment test to see whether they were able to successfully identify demonstrative pronouns in German as grammatical or if they interpreted the demonstrative to be an error. -
Annual Report
2008 Annual Report Center for Language and Cognition Groningen Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen 2 Contents Foreword 5 Part One 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Institutional Embedding 9 1.2 Profile 9 2 CLCG in 2008 10 2.1 Structure 10 2.2 Director, Advisory Board, Coordinators 10 2.3 Assessment 11 2.4 Staffing 11 2.5 Finances: Travel and Material costs 12 2.6 Internationalization 12 2.7 Contract Research 13 3 Research Activities 14 3.1 Conferences, Cooperation, and Colloquia 14 3.1.1 TABU-day 2008 14 3.1.2 Groningen conferences 14 3.1.3 Conferences elsewhere 15 3.1.4 Visiting scholars 16 3.1.5 Linguistics Colloquium 17 3.1.6 Other lectures 18 3.2 CLCG-Publications 18 3.3 PhD Training Program 18 3.3.1 Graduate students 21 3.4 Postdocs 21 Part Two 4 Research Groups 25 4.1 Computational Linguistics 25 4.2 Discourse and Communication 39 4.3. Language and Literacy Development Across the Life Span 49 4.4. Language Variation and Language Change 61 4.5. Neurolinguistics 71 4.6. Syntax and Semantics 79 Part Three 5. Research Staff 2008 93 3 4 Foreword The Center for Language and Cognition, Groningen (CLCG) continued its research into 2008, making it an exciting place to work. On behalf of CLCG I am pleased to present the 2008 annual report. Highlights of this year s activities were the following. Five PhD theses were defended: • Starting a Sentence in Dutch: A corpus study of subject- and object-fronting (Gerlof Bouma). -
Of Trees and Birds : a Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow
J. M. M. Brown | Andreas Schmidt | Marta Wierzba (Eds.) OF TREES AND BIRDS A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow Universitätsverlag Potsdam OF TREES AND BIRDS J. M. M. Brown | Andreas Schmidt | Marta Wierzba (Eds.) OF TREES AND BIRDS A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de/ abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2019 http://verlag.ub.uni-potsdam.de/ Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 2533 / Fax: 2292 E-Mail: [email protected] Soweit nicht anders gekennzeichnet ist dieses Werk unter einem Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag lizenziert: Namensnennung 4.0 International Um die Bedingungen der Lizenz einzusehen, folgen Sie bitte dem Hyperlink: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Umschlaggestaltung: Sarah Pertermann Druck: docupoint GmbH Magdeburg ISBN 978-3-86956-457-9 Zugleich online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-42654 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426542 Contents Preface ................................. xiii J.M. M. Brown, Andreas Schmidt, Marta Wierzba I Morphological branch 1 The instrumental -er suffix ..................... 3 Susan Olsen Bienenfresserortungsversuch: compounding with clause-embedding heads .................... 15 Barbara Stiebels Leben mit Paradoxien ........................ 27 Manfred Bierwisch Zur Analysierbarkeit adverbieller Konnektive ......... 37 Ilse Zimmermann Measuring lexical semantic variation using word embeddings ........................ 61 Damir Cavar II Syntactic branch 75 Intermediate reflexes of movement: A problem for TAG? .. 77 Doreen Georgi Towards a Fanselownian analysis of degree expressions ... 95 Julia Bacskai-Atkari v A form-function mismatch? The case of Greek deponents . -
Hunsrik-Xraywe.!A!New!Way!In!Lexicography!Of!The!German! Language!Island!In!Southern!Brazil!
Dialectologia.!Special-issue,-IV-(2013),!147+180.!! ISSN:!2013+2247! Received!4!June!2013.! Accepted!30!August!2013.! ! ! ! ! HUNSRIK-XRAYWE.!A!NEW!WAY!IN!LEXICOGRAPHY!OF!THE!GERMAN! LANGUAGE!ISLAND!IN!SOUTHERN!BRAZIL! Mateusz$MASELKO$ Austrian$Academy$of$Sciences,$Institute$of$Corpus$Linguistics$and$Text$Technology$ (ICLTT),$Research$Group$DINAMLEX$(Vienna,$Austria)$ [email protected]$ $ $ Abstract$$ Written$approaches$for$orally$traded$dialects$can$always$be$seen$controversial.$One$could$say$ that$there$are$as$many$forms$of$writing$a$dialect$as$there$are$speakers$of$that$dialect.$This$is$not$only$ true$ for$ the$ different$ dialectal$ varieties$ of$ German$ that$ exist$ in$ Europe,$ but$ also$ in$ dialect$ language$ islands$ on$ other$ continents$ such$ as$ the$ Riograndese$ Hunsrik$ in$ Brazil.$ For$ the$ standardization$ of$ a$ language$ variety$ there$ must$ be$ some$ determined,$ general$ norms$ regarding$ orthography$ and$ graphemics.!Equipe!Hunsrik$works$on$the$standardization,$expansion,$and$dissemination$of$the$German$ dialect$ variety$ spoken$ in$ Rio$ Grande$ do$ Sul$ (South$ Brazil).$ The$ main$ concerns$ of$ the$ project$ are$ the$ insertion$of$Riograndese$Hunsrik$as$official$community$language$of$Rio$Grande$do$Sul$that$is$also$taught$ at$school.$Therefore,$the$project$team$from$Santa$Maria$do$Herval$developed$a$writing$approach$that$is$ based$on$the$Portuguese$grapheme$inventory.$It$is$used$in$the$picture$dictionary! Meine!ëyerste!100! Hunsrik! wërter$ (2010).$ This$ article$ discusses$ the$ picture$ dictionary$ -
German Grammar Articles Table
German Grammar Articles Table Is Tedd fornicate when Franky swivelling railingly? Douglis plucks his prefigurations promised saucily, but powerless Elwood never faxes so pronto. Traumatic and unassisted See hydrogenized his gatecrasher retrogrades jewel cross-legged. And the gender is it is important to get if available in german grammar table for each noun is spoken among the german article, we have to tell you to In German there's a lawn more to determining which article to crank than just. German Grammar Indefinite articles Vistawide. And crash the nouns with both definite article in the key below as first. German Grammar Songs Accusative and Dative Prepositions. Experienced German teachers prepared easy articles and simple conversations in German for. German grammar Nouns Verbs Articles Adjectives Pronouns Adverbial phrases Conjugation Sentence structure Declension Modal particles v t e German articles are used similarly to the English articles a crawl the film they are declined. Why by a fresh male a fit female exit a window neutral in German Though these might. Because as these might be already discovered German grammar is. General sites Helpful articles about teaching grammar Animated German Grammar Tutorials. The German definite article d- with growing its forms is getting essential tool. A new wrath of making chart German is easy. German Nominative and Accusative cases audio. How To our Understand The Frustrating Adjective Italki. Contracted Preposition-Determiner Forms in German Tesis. German language Kumarika. German Definite Articles Der Die Das Everything may Need. To give table above certain adjectival pronouns also talking like the background article der. You dig insert a 'k-' in front seven any voyage of 'ein-' in the constant of the against to. -
Adverbial Reinforcement of Demonstratives in Dialectal German
Glossa a journal of general linguistics Adverbial reinforcement of COLLECTION: NEW PERSPECTIVES demonstratives in dialectal ON THE NP/DP DEBATE German RESEARCH PHILIPP RAUTH AUGUSTIN SPEYER *Author affiliations can be found in the back matter of this article ABSTRACT CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Philipp Rauth In the German dialects of Rhine and Moselle Franconian, demonstratives are Universität des Saarlandes, reinforced by locative adverbs do/lo ‘here/there’ in order to emphasize their deictic Germany strength. Interestingly, these adverbs can also appear in the intermediate position, i.e., [email protected] between the demonstrative and the noun (e.g. das do Bier ‘that there beer’), which is not possible in most other varieties of European German. Our questionnaire study and several written and oral sources suggest that reinforcement has become mandatory in KEYWORDS: demonstrative contexts. We analyze this grammaticalization process as reanalysis of demonstrative; reinforcer; do/lo from a lexical head to the head of a functional Index Phrase. We also show that a German; Rhine Franconian; functional DP-shell can better cope with this kind of syntactic change and with certain Moselle Franconian; Germanic; serialization facts concerning adjoined adjectives. Romance; dialectal German; grammaticalization; reanalysis; NP; DP; questionnaire TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rauth, Philipp and Augustin Speyer. 2021. Adverbial reinforcement of demonstratives in dialectal German. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 6(1): 4. 1–24. DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/gjgl.1166 1 INTRODUCTION Rauth and Speyer 2 Glossa: a journal of In colloquial Standard German, the only difference between definite determiners (1a) and general linguistics DOI: 10.5334/gjgl.1166 demonstratives is emphatic stress in demonstrative contexts (1b). -
SOEP-IS 2018—ILANGUAGE: Variables from Innovative Language Modules
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics DIW Berlin / SOEP (Ed.) Research Report SOEP-IS 2018 - ILANGUAGE: Variables from innovative language modules SOEP Survey Papers, No. 851 Provided in Cooperation with: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Suggested Citation: DIW Berlin / SOEP (Ed.) (2020) : SOEP-IS 2018 - ILANGUAGE: Variables from innovative language modules, SOEP Survey Papers, No. 851, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/219075 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative -
Am-Progressives in Swabian: Some Evidence for Noun Incorporation
AM-PROGRESSIVES IN SWABIAN: SOME EVIDENCE FOR NOUN INCORPORATION Bettina Spreng University of Saskatchewan 1. Introduction This paper summarizes the initial findings of an investigation into the syntactic and semantic properties of progressive constructions in Swabian, an Alemannic dialect of German. It is spoken in the Southwest of Germany in the state of Baden Württemberg and in parts of Bavaria. The data is elicited from speakers of a variant of Swabian spoken in Upper Swabia, an area surrounding the city of Ravensburg, located north of Lake Constance. Data was elicited from three female speakers of different ages (48, 69, 75) with low mobility. There is very little in-depth work on the syntactic properties of Swabian and, to my knowledge, no work on this particular variant. The construction that is being investigated is found in various dialects and registers of German but tends to be relegated to footnotes or assumed to be restricted to dialects in the Rhineland area, especially Cologne (Duden 2005). It is thus often named the Rhenish Progressive ‘Rheinische Verlaufsform’ in some of the descriptive and theoretical literature (Thieroff 1992, Vater 1994). However, the construction may be found in various variants of German including written German (Gárgyán 2014) despite many descriptive grammars insisting that it is restricted to one or two dialect areas or to the vernacular (Fagan 2009, Duden 2005). It thus deserves a closer look. The construction I am particularly interested in is the AM- progressive that seems to share some properties with the BEIM-progressive. Some work addressing the construction has been done for individual dialects such as Colognian (Bhatt and Schmidt 1993), Standard, Ruhr, and Low German (Andersson 1989), and Hessian (Flick and Kuhmichel 2013). -
Contents German Pronunciation &Accents
Contents German Pronunciation &Accents Geo-social Applications of the Natural Phonetics & Tonetics Method 9 1. Foreword 10 The meaning of International German 11 Why doing Phonetics? H Typography & canlPA symbols 17 2. Pronunciation & Phonetics 20 7he Phonetic Method 29 3- The phono-articulatory apparatus 33 The vocalfolds 3« Resonators (five cavities) 39 The lips 43 4- The Classification of sounds 47 5- Vowels & vocoids 52 7he vowels & diphthongs of international German 55 6. Consonants & contoids 56 Places and manners of articulation 59 7- The consonants of international German 59 Nasals 60 Stops 61 Stop-strictives (or 'affricates') 62 Constrictives (or fricatives') 63 Approximants 64 Laterals 65 8. Structures 65 Taxophonics 69 Stress 75 9- Reduced forms 87 10. Intonation «9 Tunings 90 Protunes 90 Tunes 93 German intonation 99 11. Some texts in phonotonetic transcription (3 http://d-nb.info/1053287356 6 German Pronunciation & Accents Native accents 105 12. Neutral German pronunciation 105 Vowels & Diphthongs 111 Consonants 112 Nasals 116 Stops 122 Stop-strictives (or affricates') 123 Constrictives (or 'fricatives') 126 Approximants 126 Laterals 127 Intonation 129 13- Traditional German pronunciation 133 14. Mediatic German pronunciation 143 15- North-east Germany 149 16. Austria 155 17- Switzerland 163 18. South Tyrol (or Alto Adige, Italy) Regional accents 171 19- Germany (18) 179 Far North-west (Schleswig-Holstein: Kiel) 181 North Saxony (Hamburg) 183 yffestphalia (Düsseldorf) 185 North Rhenia (Essen) 187 Eastphalia (Hannover) 18p Mecklenburg (Rostock) lpo Brandenburg (Berlin) 194 Middle Rhenia (Cologne/Köln) 198 South Rhenia (Trier) 199 Hesse (Frankfurt) 201 Palatinate (Mannheim) 202 'Thuringia (Erfurt) 204 Saxony (Dresden) 208 Franconia (Würzburg) 211 South Franconia (Karlsuhe) 213 Swabia (Stuttgart) 216 Baden (Freiburg) 218 North Bavaria (Amberg) 220 Bavaria (Munich/München) 223 20. -
Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A
Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex October 2016 Abstract A vocalisation may be described as a historical linguistic change where a sound which is formerly consonantal within a language becomes pronounced as a vowel. Although vocalisations have occurred sporadically in many languages they are particularly prevalent in the history of Germanic languages and have affected sounds from all places of articulation. This study will address two main questions. The first is why vocalisations happen so regularly in Germanic languages in comparison with other language families. The second is what exactly happens in the vocalisation process. For the first question there will be a discussion of the concept of ‘drift’ where related languages undergo similar changes independently and this will therefore describe the features of the earliest Germanic languages which have been the basis for later changes. The second question will include a comprehensive presentation of vocalisations which have occurred in Germanic languages with a description of underlying features in each of the sounds which have vocalised. When considering phonological changes a degree of phonetic information must necessarily be included which may be irrelevant synchronically, but forms the basis of the change diachronically. A phonological representation of vocalisations must therefore address how best to display the phonological information whilst allowing for the inclusion of relevant diachronic phonetic information. Vocalisations involve a small articulatory change, but using a model which describes vowels and consonants with separate terminology would conceal the subtleness of change in a vocalisation. -
A Machine Learning Approach to German Pronoun Resolution
A Machine Learning Approach to German Pronoun Resolution Beata Kouchnir Department of Computational Linguistics Tubingen¨ University 72074 Tubingen,¨ Germany [email protected] Abstract The system presented in this paper resolves German pronouns in free text by imitating the This paper presents a novel ensemble manual annotation process with off-the-shelf lan- learning approach to resolving German guage sofware. As the avalability and reliability of pronouns. Boosting, the method in such software is limited, the system can use only question, combines the moderately ac- a small number of features. The fact that most curate hypotheses of several classifiers German pronouns are morphologically ambiguous to form a highly accurate one. Exper- proves an additional challenge. iments show that this approach is su- The choice of boosting as the underlying ma- perior to a single decision-tree classi- chine learning algorithm is motivated both by its fier. Furthermore, we present a stan- theoretical concept as well as its performance for dalone system that resolves pronouns in other NLP tasks. The fact that boosting uses the unannotated text by using a fully auto- method of ensemble learning, i.e. combining the matic sequence of preprocessing mod- decisions of several classifiers, suggests that the ules that mimics the manual annotation combined hypothesis will be more accurate than process. Although the system performs one learned by a single classifier. On the practical well within a limited textual domain, side, boosting has distinguished itself by achieving further research is needed to make it good results with small feature sets. effective for open-domain question an- swering and text summarisation. -
The Syntax of Formality: Universals and Variation
THE SYNTAX OF FORMALITY: UNIVERSALS AND VARIATION Elizabeth Ritter1 and Martina Wiltschko2 1University of Calgary, 2ICREA & University of Pompeu Fabra 1. Introduction In this paper we explore the formal properties of formality distinctions in pronominal systems. The World Atlas of Linguistic Structures (WALS) identifies four types of languages based on the number of distinctions of politeness (their term for formality) in second person pronouns – (i) languages with no formality distinctions; (ii) languages with a binary distinction; (iii) languages with multiple distinctions; and (iv) languages that avoid pronouns due to considerations of politeness/formality. This is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1: WALS typology of second person politeness (formality) distinctions In this paper we develop a different typology, based on the grammatical derivation of (in)formal forms. We identify two types of systems: Type I systems are exemplified by French and German and Type II by Korean and Japanese. French and German both have the widely discussed T/V distinction between an (unmarked) informal form and a marked formal one. One of the key features of such systems is that the formal pronoun is homophonous with another pronoun in the paradigm. French uses the second person plural form vous as its formal pronoun, while German uses the third person plural form sie. Korean and Japanese, on the other hand, have an open class of forms that encode information about the social status of the addressee relative to the speaker, the age and sex of the addressee (and sometimes the speaker), etc. Consistent with the characterization of these forms as open class, we note that different sources provide slightly different lists of Actes du congrès annuel de l’Association canadienne de linguistique 2019.