STATISTICS OF KAZAK AND KALMYK OWNERS IN THE ILI DISTRICT AND THE TEKES VALLEY

Harry Halén

On his journey through the western and norhern parts of , described in his diary (C. G. Mannerheim, Across AsianfromWest to East in 1906-1908. Helsinki 1940), Baron Mannerheim also collected various kinds of written documents. Among them there is an anonymous notebook written in Russian and containing statistics about Kazak ("Kuprrsr") and Kalmyk ("Kaluart") family heads in the Ili (Kuldja) district, Western Xinjiang. The manuscript was obviously written by a local Kalmyk scribe, not fully mastering the or its ortho- graphy, as he uses the Mongol teÍm sumun (Cyr',rynt) also in the meaning of the Kazak uru or lineage within an orda. The enumerated Kaz aks are listed belonging to the Kïzai ("Kaeü, Ky:eü" -Kzey, Kuzey) and Alban ("Alnaur" - Alvan) maximal lineages of the Ulu jüz (Great Horde), whereas the represent the Zurgaan and Dörwön sumuns. The list of personal is entitled "Oauønia", or "Õatur¡i¡,t" ('family /names'). Some individuals are listed twice; in the table they are reduced to one. Mannerheim's account of the local conditions in Ili might give some back- round information relevant in this connection:

Towards the end of the Russian occupation of the Ili district a large number of Chinese subjects, Tarantchis and Dungans, are said to have applied for Russian citizenship. Their applications were granted, but they were wamed that when the Ili district was evacuated they would not have as rnuch land in as in lli. The fear of Chinese vengeance settled the matter, however, and only a few remained in lli. These were made much of by the new Chinese administration and were given all the unoccupied land. The difference between the position of those who had remained in lli, and their own, induced many of the new Russian subjects to Íetum to Ili and settle there. The Chinese authorities winked at this and abstained from either protesting or assenting. When this example was followed by more and more, the Russian authorities began to take notice and had the fugitives forcibly brought back into Russia. This was followed by fresh flight and fresh violence by the exasperated Russian authorities. This differ- ence in the treatment of the population was not to Russia's advantage. - When the action of the Russian authorities proved unavailing, another method was tried. Russian subjects were permitted to settle in the Ili district, but the Russian authorities kept a sharp eye on them and made their agents levy taxes from them. They had therefore to

Studia Orientalia l0l (2007), pp. 45-ó0 46 HARRY HALEN

pay at least treble taxes: to China, to her grasping officials, to Russia and finally to the agents or the Russian authorities, who extorted \ryhatever they could by means of threats. As a natural result Russian citizenship is now something to be avoided rather than coveted. _ Those who have to pay this additional tax through the consulate are said to do so regularly, while those who are pursued by the agents, often try to shake off their torturers by fleeing into the depths of the country. A Torgut-Kalmuk lama called at the Russian consulate at Qulja one day and stated his intention ofvisiting the Kalmuks in the neighbourhood of Astrakhan. He had let it be understood that the Torguts kept up a regular connection with these Kalmuks and that the Khan had not only assented to this, but wished it personally. He was, he said, very dissatisfied with Chinese rule and was in terror of his life on his coming journey to Peiping. (AA 1940, 2t8-2t9) ... Russian Kirghiz make this district f: Zrtrgaan sumun in the Yulduz valley, in- habited by Torguts] unsafe. They are famous for being the gfeatest -thieves ofthe lli district and cause the population a great deal of trouble and frequently occasion heavy losses. The highway from Qulja to the Russian frontier is also considered so unsafe that practically all traffic ceases after dark. It is a regrettable fact that the disturbers ofthe peace are to a great extent Russian subjects. ( A 1940,246) A belt of leaf-trees runs on the left a mile to a mile and a half from the road' marking the course of the Tekes. Approximately in the centre of the plain stands a small granite mountain, Qara Topun, which has given its name to the plain. In some places the plain is rather marshy. At 5 p.m., having ridden for ten hours, we came to Tchulak Terek or, as the Kalmuks call it, the Mukhur Terek river, on the bank of which we encamped. Here there are some strips of field tilled by Kirghiz and some houses built of clay. One of them was inhabited by merchants from Qulja, who trade with the Kirghiz. You can buy sugar, tea, rice of poor quality, flour and various things here at prices that are 50-60 per cent higher than in Qulja. The Tchulak Terek gorge and the dishict on the Terek before it are inhabited by Khazaks of the Alban tribe, of which about 500 yurts have remained Chinese subjects, while all the others have gone over to Russia.> (AA 1940, 255-256)

The original listing is not alphabetical and persons belonging to the Kzej, zutga, Derve and Alban tribes are enumerated in irregularly alterating sequences. Only the Torguts form a separate list. In the following the entries are, for practical reasons, grouped tribewise and arranged in alphabetic according to the transliterated forms. The originals are given after a slant.

Statistics given in the numbered columns: (l) Number of ("Crolrro JIoIüa,qeü"). (2) Number of horned cattle ("CrolbKo poraroe cKorllnr,"). (3) Number ofsheep ("Cxolrro 6apauont"). (4) Age when married: (4a) man, (4b) wife ("nr Cro¡xo ¡ùrt / Kor.qa )r(eHl4rcq, M. lX."). (5) Number of children born during the last ten years ("3a 10 rtrr cKoiIbKo poÃI4JI."). (6) Number of persons deceased during the last ten years ("3a l0 lßru CKOJII'KO YMePnO"). (7)Number of children in the family ("Cromro ¡ßreü"). Statistics of Kazak and Kalmyk Caule Owners 4',1 l.KAZAK

Name (l) (2) (3) (aa) (ab) (5) (6) (Ð Notes

Kizal (xseü/Ky3eü cyMyut) AdryVA¡purr¡ 56520 18 3 -5 Axim/Ax¡lr¡¡ l0 50 100 20 t7 I -l AxmeVAxuerr 221019 l9 I -l Alip/Alnnt t234 20 z -2 Aszguudyn/AçsryyÃuy 50 l0 300 20 26 I 2 2 2nd marriage at 20 (\+,ife 26) [!] Aul'bek/Ayar6exr 30 l0 s0 (26) u¡manied Aulkasyur/AyrxacÉrMß 40 l0 200 23 t7 l- Azbay'As6aü 20 r0 200 (25) uñra$id Baigodan/Eç.¡¡¡p¡aut 50 20 200 20 12 _., Bajizal/Eailrsart 5525 l5 Bejmety/Eaüneru 35 50 500 32 l8 Balabel/Ea¡a6ert 50 l0 100 23 22 ; :, Bapsar/Eancaut 30 4 200 20 17 2 32 Bejs/Eeücr 200 50 600 16 l6 I -7 Bcjsanbaj/Eef,canóaü 2052026 30 - 4 his wifo died BcþalaUEernanarr l8 l0 100 27 12 3 l3 Bel'dy/Eear¡u 31515 17 I I 3 joiner Bensabaj/Eeuca6aü 572020 l0 4 l5 Bcrgovoj/Eeproroü 2053014 20 t -5 Bolbas/Eo¡6acr 40 l0 50 25 t5 3 I 6 farmer, state oflicial Bugasbaj/Ëyrac6aü 50 l8 2s0 25 l5 -3 Bugusbaj/By¡yc6aü 40 20 300 20 t7 2 - ll 2nd maniage at 39 (wife l9) Cerindjap/Llepru¡rnt 250 100 1000 22 t6 I 2nd maniage at 37 (wife l7) ëaxanptjul/tlaxaxuroraS 6100 ¡6 l6 I -9ll ðakebaj/tlaxe6aür l0 8 50 16 l5 2 64 ðarovojFtraporofi 20 6 300 20 l3 ëekevejÃIereoeü 15 3 100 t2 l6 I 24 Õeta¡/tltiraR l0 l0 100 25 t7 2 I l0 2ndmarriageat37 (wifelS) Õumðilc/rlyuur,mt 121022 l9 4 -) ðunkcu/gyrxey (cuxr) 20s2032 l8 3 -4 Darubajfiapy6afi t20 20 500 25 l7 3 23 Darubajflapy6aü 50 20 300 25 L7 3 l3 Derekbajfiepexóaü 20 20. 100 i8 ló Djabalakfir6anaxr 40 15 l5 20 14- ll0 Djaxbelcfirx6err 40 15 100 20 132 - 3 e¡rc6acr Djaxinfirxrnr 9 6 150 ll 92 -2 Djakasflrxacr lo 6 ro2 Q4) I - unmanied Emrelc/Epuerr 15 3 100 14 l6 5 7 Esrkan/pcpxanr 150 20 300 r7 l8 4 2 4 EtinbeUEr¡,rH6erc 20 l0 200 37 16 I I ÈlembajlSrer'a6aü 60 l0 200 25 2l I I 3 Gujxa/fyüxa 150 30 500 r7 l5 5 7 Gunesbaj/Tyxec6aü 15 l0 2a0 27 Guramis/Iyparrrrcr 30 4 100 25 20 | 2l Gusbelo{fyc6err2 20 r0 30 (r8) unmarried servant at a manpan XoxabeVXoxa6err 1055025 25--2 Xumanbaj/Xyuan6aü 4 - {I forgo| --3 Xusain/Xycannr 30 l0 100 37 20 - l0 5 father of Manurbek I In the lst maniage the partner died. 2nd maniage at the age of 29 (man) and 25 (wife). 2 Occurs twice, first as fyc6exr, conected to lyxc6ext [Iyne6exr?], then again as lyc6err. 48 HARRY H/|LÉN

Ibrajury'lt6paüut 150 20 ,100 19 t2 2-6 ldriVlf¡prcr r065018 15 2 t4 Idugun/lf¡yrpt 2034017 l4 3 -3 IldupMraynt 102 25 600 l7 l8 --7 Iljubaj/lfun6aü 20 l0 100 25 l3 2 34 Imanbaj/!f r'ran6aü 70 30 150 ll 20 no child¡en Isa/lfca 535030 30 --4 Isabaj/lfca6aü 2 r0 200 ISir/lfuunr l 3200 13 l3 t2 Issum/lfccynrt r025030 l8 --3 Jakubaj/flxy6at 100 40 300 13 t7 t-6 JamatyUf rrrartrrt 40 20 100 13 l4 3 210 Iusbosym/IOc6ocu¡1t 1346024 20 1-l Jusdn/IOc¡pct l0 t2 50 19 t7 2 27 Jrnrstom/lOg.ç¡our 2056020 l8 - -3 Jusscnbaj/IOç.ç.ç¡óat 538 l0 I -l 153 t4 5 IussumllOccyur @yngl) 20 l0 200 -5 Iussupbaj/IOccyn6aü s 20 lso 06) u¡rûtarried Jusurbaj/IOcyp6aü 20 3 unntanied Kadrsiz/Ka¡pç.¡1sr 12t025-09) 20 2 I 2 cobblcr Kalym/Ka¡u¡'rr 4 l0 200 23 l6 Kautenbaj/Kanrex6aü 544038 t7 2t 5 Iturabaj/Kapa6afi 565015 t2 l- I KarmislKaprrrrcr 6 l0 100 30 20 l3 4 Kasym/l(acuur 20 4 100 22 2l 2l 2 Keðcl'/Keqe¡¡ (ryn3Ða 200 30 1000 37 l6 3l l0 2nd maniage at 40 (wife l8) Kektaj/Kerraü 5 l0 500 20 t7 4l 7 Kopdjubaj/Kon¡lo6aü l0 6 150 20 l7 ll 4 Kuanin/Kyanrnr 100 20 700 20 l8 Kãebaj/Kxe6aü 80 15 100 25 l8 t2 I Magoty'Marot' 20620 30 t72 23 Mal'ðibaj/lvf amur6aü l0 l0 300 t7 t4 33 3 Mammrc/ùlauupe 5 20 200 12 l3 ll 5 Mamu¡bek/Ma¡rrypóext 20 r0 30 (3Ð unma¡ried son of Xusain Manke/Masrc 20 t0 30 31 202 32 Masz/Maç,sr 50 10 300 34 l8 - 2 - brotherofAszguudyu Matke/Marre 461532 t2- Medzym/Me¡gu¡rrt 100 30 600 19 19 I I Mekebaj/N{ere6aü l0 l0 100 20 l8 I I Muxodãory'MyxoÃtcanr 20 7 200 30 21 2 I 2nd marriage at 37 (wife 17) MukaVMyraut 535015 t1 - MuratbeVMypar6ext 300 100 3000 20 193 - l0 2nd marri age at22(wife 18)6 Murzalen/Mypsalent lo lo 100 (25) t¡nmanid Musa/Myca 30 20 200 (18) unna¡rid Noxtbaj/Hoxr6aü 6 6 100 41 t7 2 23 Nural'bek/Hypa¡s6ext 50 10 40 (20) unmarriedfamp¡ Nurbes/Hyp6ecr l0ó5025 t7 Osuman/Ocyuant t6 20 100 (16) rmmarried Raxinbek/Paxrs6err - (20) unmaniedworker Rajgan/Paüraxr 20 l0 100 16 t2 3 23 3 2nd maniage at the age of 30 (man) and l8 (wife), 3rd maniage: 49 (man) and l8 (wife). 4 Keðel', followed by Cerindjap, are in the right margin marked as "two brothers". The zyngí is probably a loanword from Kalmyk, cf . zä4gí "¿i¡¡¿ wlirde der offiziere und militärbeamten" (KWb 470a2). 5 Occurs twice, first as Maroy, then as Muryo (Mykuo). 6 3rd ar 23 (wife 22), 4th at 25 (wife n), sth at 34 (wife 20); "according to rumor he should have 9 wives". Statistics of Kazak and Kalmyk Cattle Owners 49

,' Saxadbek/Caxa¡6ex¡ 50 6 100 26 2s 2 SakaVCaxa¡r s43019 4 9 Santer/CaHrepb 81t22524 ) I 3 Satubaj/Cary6aü 15 8 100 25 l8 I I 5 Stxar/Crxaut 100 50 300 20 18 I I 5 Stonbaj/Crou6aü 15 15 150 20 20 I 9 Sulejman/Cyleüruanr 25 9 200 20 t1 3 3 Suvanbaj/Cynan6aü 2-2s19 4 5 Tamtu/Taury 343016 3 2 3 Tanyrbek/Tauup6ert 20 5 30 (30) unmarried fam¡er Tan"er/Taurepo 100 15 200 13 t2 t4 2nd maniage at 25 (wife 20) Tannadãa¡/Ta¡¡HaÄxaEr 20 3 100 20 16 3 Tel'dovojlfenr¡onoil 20 I 120 2t t7 -3 Tetayjn/Temp¡.fint 2 t0 100 t7 t7 --2l ll TeubajÆey6aü 30 7 150 19 t1 313 Tiretja/Trperr300 100 300 20 t7 I t5 TjabajÆr6aü 20 30 200 tó 12 Tj urugoubaj/Tropyroy6a ü 2t3392s ::: TogurÆorypr 50 l0 300 16 15 | -4 Togur/Toryprr 40 l0 40 47 26 3 13 fa¡mer Togãan/Torxaxr 100 20 500 l0 13 2 ll0 Toudaj/Toypañ 10 l0 30 t4 4 25 his son is Gamtapbai Tulekt/Iylerrt 15 l0 150 37 16 l3 Tul'kibajÆymrt6afi l0 8 100 t7 13 3 Tul'kmo/Tyarrr,ro 20 t5 -10 2nd l0 100 l8 --2 marriage at 37 (wife l7) Turobaj/Typo6aü 30 I 100 30 12 I 2nd maniage at 43 (wife 13) TutguSÆyrryur. l0 15 100 37 l7 2-7-3 Tyj sanbek/Tu üca¡r6exr 20 30 100 (23) a) unmarried TysanbajÆucan6aü 60 30 150 20 t5 2 28 Urtybaj/l/pu6afi 20 l0 100 unmarried Urumbaj/Ypyr'a6aü 15 l0 100 27 t4 | -4 UrumbeVYpyu6eru r0 t4 s Q4) unmanied Vetomdãar/BeroMÃxaHa 5 4 100 16 15 I -3 Alban (AmaHr cyMyub): Botovoj/Eoroaofi 5 3 130 (lo I unma¡ried Iljumanbek/lf l¡ouan6er7 20 460 t4 19 2 I 5 2nd marriage at 25 (wife 16) Jantajbaj/fnraü6aü 30 l0 100 20 15 Mesbek/Mgg6err l0 20 l8 l8 - 313-- Muzataj/Mysaraü 3 10 I unmanied TjumobajÆrouo6afi 200 l0 60 27 19 1 ll- ToxtobajÆoxro6aü l0 5 100 (32) unr¡anied Turt"xod¿a/TypraxoÂxa ?(X) 100 1500 t7 16 - -9 Unrnn/Ypuarr ll 540 l9 17 2 I 2 2nd marriage at 53 (wife 19)

7 ln the original the name is actually written "lf¡¡ouan6er6pr-r", in which the ending':6pn" most prcbably stands for -6pam 'brother' (of the foregoing?). An analogous case is found on the foregoing page: "Acsryyany 6par, Macrr, tlyurey cuur". 50 Hmnv H,ttÉ¡¡

2. KALMYK/ TORGUT

Name (l) (2) (3) (aa) (ab) (5) (6) (7) Notes

Zurgaan sumun (3ypra cyMynb, KaJIMaKT "Kalmaks"): Bainpatu/Eauxnaty 250 80 300 l8 r7 I -6 Bota/Eora 200 50 600 l5 l3 Buga/Fyra 150 50 700 33 17 I 2 5 2nd maniage at 4l (wife 30) Duryfiypu 2 10 25 20- l- Èlzàmyk/3nroàuuxt 500 50 700 t7 15 Gilgun/lumyut 6 l0 l5 152 8 Guði/Tyur 30 40 30 20 t7- 1- Imtuo/úlutyut 40 20 ó0 l9 t72 -2 InktelkaVflxxrerrbKarlr 100 30 300 1- lesal6eca (9lcca?) 100 30 400 l8 154 41 Xatocaxan/Xaroqaxagb 30 20 Xotun/Xcrrynt 2 18 30 l8 2 _,1 Kog.p (-!-?!Ko¡rr.,a (-¡tr-?) 7 ll 70 25" 17 4 t1 Kota/Kora 50 60 l9 l6 3 l3 interpreter of Rusian and Mongolian KurdZap/Kypnxanr 15 20 200 l5 l3 I -4 Ment"aga./MeHmara 600 60 700 l3 12 Myka/Mura 20 20 100 l7 ll 2-2 Mymùl'ðk/Mur"ryrlbqK6 50 20 100 l8 l7 I Nana/Hasa 300 50 700 t7 l5 Nasumpatu/HacyMnary 350 . 120 954 15 l6 2 4 3 2nd maniage at 31 (wife 28) Nosto/llocro 50 20 200 l3 t2 No{a/Horr 40 20 50 l5 l5 Outa/Oyra 30 20 100 22 t7 2-2 Paðga/tlauia 100 20 200 2l l6 PataJTlara 20 l0 25 13 Patynigut/Ilatuuüryrt 500 100 1000 l5 l5 I - the wife died Patry/Ilatpu 10 13 l5 t7 16 , 2 Popa/flona 250 80 1000 21 2l I I Tergil'/Teprranr 150 20 400 15 l7 2 2 Togluk/Tornyxr l0 50 l5 t7 3 - 4 2nd maniage at 37 (wife 32) T"uley'Ttyne 300 50 500 16 l5 2 2 5 T"upðan/TtynuaHt 20 50 100 20 t7 2 2 '100 T"urpat/Ttypnaru 50 30 l9 l9 2 T"urpat/Trypnarr 3 30 t7 t'l : T"uta/Iryra 50 40 200 l5 t7

Dörwön sumun (¡epne cyMyu, KaJIMaKrr "Kalmaks"): DergeVfiepreat I 2 22 l8 I 12 Umaduk/YMaÃyxt 2 - 29 l'l--4

Torguts (Toproyn): 3 Ara/Apa 6725203 *shepherdlana" A¡a/Apa 5 2 l0 20 16- I AraVApaurr I - 20 19- AraVApaum 2 - 20 l7- ll AraVApaur 6 - 19 19- - - worker ArallApaun 3 2 24 19- Arptun/Apnryttl 22 15- workø Belek/Ee¡exr 2t2520162 -2 Statistics of Kazak and Kalmyk Cattle Owners 5l

Benbe/Fe¡r6e 1072016 l't 1a Besuda/Eecy'rr 21 20 2t 3l farmer BoSna/Eour¡¡a 4-24 t'7 l- Bota/Eora 22 l7 2l farmer Bova"/Fosa 332519 t7 I Briva/6puna 1330 ló 4 -6 farmer Caryp/I{apunt 15 10 60 22 l8 1 ll Centyn/I-{eHrnur 4-20 1'1 --l "shepherd Lama" Cery/Ilepu 15 7 150 20 l9 I -3 Cerin/I{epuur, 1-22 20 4 3 5 worker Cerytjap/Llepurrnr 4522 16 3 13 hunter Õagdrigan¡pr 251020 19 I 11 worker Cet/q¿rs 6321 2l I -l "shepherd Lama" Õetva-lqerna 1045025 l6 t3 farmer Õimit/tI¡,rI'r¡,rrr 3 5 50 18 t5 131 Õimit/rIør"rntr 862020 16 - -3 fa¡mer Djap/.{anr 20 100 19 l9 2 r2 qeHt' [=.tnr¡t?] utpres:s Djapflnnr 30 l0 16 15 2-3 Djapflrnr 331020 14 43 Dorõflopur 1230 22 213 farmer Dorte/.(opre 4l 3l 1l worker Dortë/.(oprë 3-2s 2l 121 worker Dortëu/.(oprëy 8 - (18) unmarried Dortifioprra 2220 t7 "shepherdlama" - - Dortja{oprn 106-3"1 3't --l Dorto/.{opro 2722 l8 3 -3 worker DoruntafiopyHra 20 15 100 23 19 1 24 El'zat/Emzart l0 9 s0 16 18 1 22 Emutun/Er*,ryryHr, 7 6 l8 16 qeHl 3aIbl Erdyn/Ep¡urur, 2430 1'7 l6 farmer Erincen/Epnuueur 1043020 l9 2 -3 Ertarga/Eprapra 38528 t6 -1 farmer ErycÆprrut l6 l5 2- shepherd Èrtnam/Sprnar'at 4-20 ló farmer -l Erynzyc/3prrusuqt 20 14 100 t7 l8 a Galdy/Taaarr 4-20 l7 -1 worker Gorva/fopua 2436 1ó -l wo¡ker Gunõek/fyn.rert 361519 20 -2 GunðiVlyn.lurr 2620 l9 farmer Guserep/Iyç.çpenr 5103026 2'7 11 Gutinpa/fyrøHna 5 4 5 t5 t7 -t Xongou/Xouroy 26 30 ; -2 t Xuta/Xyra 27 l9 I 21 worker Inka./I¡Inra l0 l0 30 19 20 4 t4 Inka/llnxa (fem.) 3524 20 l- her husband died Inyge/I4uure 104530 32 ) 22 hunter Justa"/IOcra 651027 l7 I 2l Kaldyn/Kalaurnr t6 l0 30 30 20 2 Kðik/Kqurr, 653522 l8 -58- Lite/JIu're 16 l5 3- son of Sakte Lite/JIrre 662017 l6 ) 23 farmer Lo-sr-r/JIo-cy 42016 18 I ll Lo-sy/JIo-cu 33 17 I -l fa¡mer Mala./Ma¡a 3 3 l0 25 l8 -9 Minknasyn/MraHKHacHHb 4 5 l8 l5 her husband died at 34 Minmer/Mnnr"repr 11 11 15 42 qeHb 3aJrbl 52 HARRY HALEN

Munoga/Mynora I 3 (26) uruiranied worker MuterMyrcgr 2 50 30 I 31 Nar/Hapr 3 19 16 3 l5 fa¡mer Nerup/Hepynr 20 ; t7 16 3 l3 Nima/Huua I (20) unmarried shepherd Nima/Hurrra 3 l0 35 19 I -l Nima/Hr¡va ó 4 28 r',l 3 - 4 farmer, son-in-law of Zava Nimkir/Hn'rxupt 2 4 1 l8 16 2 62 farmer Nog/Horr I I 22 l7 2 25 worker Oður/Ouypr 6 5 30 l8 16 -4 Oður/O.rypr 30 l0 50 19 l8 3 33 Oram/Opar'rt 4 20 19 I -3 worker Oram/Oparrn 5 3 l0 25 22 ll Orsa/Opca 20 6 4 22 20 l Our/Oypr 3 5 20 l8 6 I "shepherd Lama'' Paingoven/flarnroaexr (f.) 4 5 30 l8 16 I - 6 herhusbanddied Panða/flanqa l0 4 100 15 16 3 I wo¡ker Paptry/IlanQxu 2 2 22 19 Pasy/Ilacr,r 20 l0 100 2t 1E 216 Pasy/flacu 7 6 20 l7 ) t', Pasyn/flacust ! 17 16 I ll shçhetd Pata/Ilata 4 4 20 20 3 13 Pata/fIa'ra 20 19 6- worker Patxa/Ilarxa 2 1 15 14 --t worker Patma/IIarua Q4) unma¡ried worker Patma/flarua I 4 t7 15 --l Patna/Ilarna I 18 l8 t- worker Patno/flarno 8 _ 15 t4 worker Sakte/CaKre l0 7 19 l8 2 32 father oflite Samtu/Car"rry 2 3 t7 16 l- Sangos/Caxrocr 4 4 16 15 2 t2 clerk Sante/Car¡te 3 J 25 16 I 33 "shepherd Lama'' Sara/Capa 3 5 19 t7 l3 'shepherd Lama'' Senta/Cexra 2 4 16 t4 --l Sevek/Ce¡ext 2 9 16 l8 214 "shepherd Lama" Suntuk/Cynryrr l0 l0 * t7 l8 --l Serip/llleprnt I I 10 50 15 16 I 3l Sipdur/Illrn¡ypr 10 7 2t 20 I rl Sotx.uca/Illorxyqa 6 4 1 18 l7 | -2 shepherd Suptur/Illynrypt 8 3 16 l7 --l worker Taglta/Tarrra I 2 22 l9 "shepherd Lana" TanburÆan6ypr 5 4 25 l'1 _:: TanzylTansu 6 I ^ 18 l7 Tanzyn/Tansunr I 2 20 2l 19 1 13 Tasar/Tacast 3 Qr') unnanied shçherd Tava./Tasa (father of Zapou) 6 6 20 11 - -2 2nd marriage at 30 (wife 25) Tava/Tasa 2 3 19 16 3 -3 TergiUTeprnnr 5 5 20 l8 I 1l 'Ijanzryn/Tansuut 15 100 33 22 4l TjapÆrnt 6 6 19 t4 farmer TjapÆrnr 7 30 22 "shepherdLana' Tjaptja/Trnrr I 2 26 t6 :_: fæmer TogurtjapÆoryprrnt I 3 (21) unmanied famter Tongon/ToHronr l0 15 100 l8 16 2l carpentÊr TorgeVToprert l0 j 21 t2 --l shepherd Tukía/Tyxua 20 45 18 l6 - -l Ture/Type l5 t4 --2 "shepherd Lana-' Statistics of Kazak and Kalmyk Cattle Owners 53

UmatuVYrrraryxr 53302218 farmer Upry/Ynpu l0 l0 15 t7 Urap5en/YpanrreHr 242116 hunter Ursa/Vpca 133219 worker Uta/Yra 64401818 Uta/Yra 28502018 2- famrer Utnasyn/Vrnacuur t27201615 l- lives as a worker Uvan/V¡aHr l-30164 -6 farmer Zapoul3anoy l8 11 son ofTava Zaval3asa 2 16 18- 3- farmer, father-in-law of Nima Zotry'3ory - 2t t7- t2 "shephedLama'' Zotvol3orso 6 l0 30 30 l8- worker Zuldus/3ya¡ycr 42163ó16l 5l farmer Zyjapat'l3unnarr 2 - 2320 l2 3

Notes on Kazak name forms Adryð/A¡purur . cf. 86 AdiS Axir¡/Ax¡lnr . cf. Bl2 Aqi'm Axmet/Ax¡rrer¡ . Z Axuer (Axveg) < A¡. Al¡mad Alip/Arrnr . cf. Bl3 Alìþ; Z Ðrin6ex Aszguudyu/AcsryyÃËry . ? Aul'beUAy.rr6ext . D39 Ayem6er/eyel6er Aulkasym/AyrKacbrMb . cf. D36 A6u¡racuu/e6i¡Kac¡¡r'r < Ar. Abulqãsim; cf. Bl9 Aul Azbajl Asúafr . cf. D37 Ax¡¡6afi/exi6aü Baigodan/ft.4,¡p.qaua . ? cf. Z Eaüxa,qaru Bajizak/Eaüusarr . 823 Bayzaq; D43 Eaügax/Eafigax Bajmety/Ëafi r'aerx . D44 Eaü¡rlaÄ¡.r Balabelc/Ea¡a6exr . cf. D46 Ea¡ra6er/Eaara6ex; Zv Ea¡6ux Bapsar/Eancaut . ? Bejs/Eeücr .826 Beys; D50 Eefic/Eeüic Bejsanbaj/Eeüca¡r6aü - D50 Eeücen6aü ; 2 Ëefrceu1ail (Eefi ceH6aü) BekpalaVEernarrara . 826 Bek-polat; Z, D5l Eex6o¡¡ar Bel'dy/Ee¡s¡u . cf. D54, 2 Eeptu[Eepni Bensabaj/Eenca6aü . cf. - Bejsanbaj/Eeüca¡¡6aü Bergovoj/Ëeprosoü . cf. D53, Z Ëe¡rn6afrlBe¡riíafi Bolbas/Fo¡6acr . 830 Bolpas Botovoj/Eoronoü . D56 Eora6aü; 2Bor6afi Bugasbaj/Eyrac6aü . cf. B32Bu,¡az, Buga5; Z, D57 Eyrn1afilEyru6aü Bugusbaj/Eyryc6aü . see * Bugasbaj/Eyracúafi; cf.832 Buluõ Cerindjap/IleprgÃsna . cf. Tib. Cering '(he who has a) long life' ÕaxanpljuUgaxaHnrrþKa . cf. 834 Õaqan Cakebaj/9are6afi . cf. 834 Õaqi, Ö,aqa;Zv 9,aru Õarovoj/Qaponofi . cf. Dl47 IIIaprn6aü/lllepin6aü Õekevej/gereaeü . cf.836 Öeke; Dl47 IIIere6aü, Illeref-Iere Õëta¡/Ueraü . cf. Z IIIorafr Öumðik/9yr'r.rrxr. cf. 839 Õumðe-baba; Zv g¡¡lrqur Öunkeu/gynxey . cf. 839 Õuney Darubajflapy6aü . cf. 843 Dara; Z flayíafr DerekbajflepexÓafr. cf. Bzl4 Derek Djabalak/.{r6a mxr ,2 Xana¡ax DjaxbeV[nx6ert . ? Djaxir/,{rxnnr . cf. Z XereH Djakasflnracr . cf. Z Xaxam;847 D'ayqað, D'aqaõi ErmekÆpr,,rert . 2, D7 I Epuex Esrkan/Ecpxan'a. cf,.2v 3cepren; 85l Eser Etinbek/Erun6er¡ . ? 54 HARRY HALÉN

Èlembaj/3rer.r6 aü . 2eñu6ait; ct.D67 E¡e6aü Gujxa/fyüxa . (?) GunesbajÆynec6aü . 853 GüneS Guramis/fypar',rrcb . cf. Z l(ypuaur Gusbelc/fyc6ext. cf .Z I(yc6ex (Kycnex) Xoxabek/Xoxa6ert . cf.891 Qoqunbek; Zv Koxo¡¡6aü Xumanbaj/XyrvraH6aü . 896 Quman; cf. Z KyuaH6aü Xusain/Xycannr . D145 Xycaüu/Xycaüuu < A¡. Husain Ibrajm/fl6paür-m . D86 l46parr"rþI6pafisru < Ar. Ibrãhim; cf. 856 lbray ldris/I4aprcr . Dl46 blaupucfltrtpuc;856 ldris < Ar. Idris ldugun/llayryHr. cL 856 ldugan lldup/I4naynt. ? Iljubaj/I4.rrro6aü . cf. D I 50 lÃrc1afrIrc1aü; D68 E¡rø6aülBñ6ail; 2v Vlrc1aít Iljumanbek/I,lnrolran6er . In the original the name is actually written "llnroMau6ex6pn", where the ending'16prt" probably stands for -6parr 'brother' (of the beforementioned'l). An analogous case is found on the foregoing page: "Ac:nyy.uuy 6par, Mac:t, VyHrey csrnt". -lmãn lmanbaj/I,l vr a H6 aü . 2 lli..v'a:u6ai,t < Ar. + baj lsalúlca.859 Isa; D87 l/lca < Ar.-lsâ lsabaj/I4ca6aü . D87 I(caíaü Issum/llccyr*.rr, . cf. E I 05 lr|cu r*r(-cylran) I5in/fur¡¡¡r, . 860 lõin; cf. El58 llu¡¡¡v Jakubaj/Íry6aü . 2, Orc )Kax¡.rn6aül)Kaxsrn6aü Jamatyk/f vrarrrxr, . ? Jantajbaj/fnraü6aü . cf. D79 )Kanraü; 2Xanrax1ail: D'17 Xauar1ait Jusbosyrn/IOc6octr¡.rc . ? Jusdrs/IOc¡pcr, . ? JusrstomÆOçpg;rorrat . ? JussenbajÆOc_ces6aüí . cf. 867 Yusun-batir JussumÆOccyvll . cf .867 Yu5umut Jussupbaj/IOccyn6aü . 2 )Kycin6ari Jusurbaj/IOcyp6aü . enoneously for Jusupbaj/l0cyn6aü? Kadrsi/Ka.upçr_:r .879 Qadiïsiz; D90 Kaanp/I(a¡up < Ar. Qadr Kalym/Ka.nur'm . 880 Qalïm Kantenbaj/KaHreu6aü . cf. Z Kaurxas Karabaj/Kapa6a fi . 2 \apa6ait Karmis/Kaprraracr . 886 Qarmïs; D94 Kapar'.nrcl(apr"ruc Kasym/Kacrrr'rr, . 886 Qasim; D94 Kacurra/I(acuu < Ar. Qãsim Keðel'/Keqe¡r . ? Kektaj/KeKraü . 872 Kök-tay Kopdjubaj/Kon¡ro6aü . cf. 892 Qopðu Kuanin/KyannHr, . cf. D96 KyaH/(yan; cf. Ch. Guanyin'Avalokite6vara' KZebaj/Kxe6aü . cf. Z Kexer6 aiU B7l Ktiðe; 870 Kiðe Magou/Manoy, altematively Mykuo/Muxyo . cf. D98 Marayunfiarayur and Ch. md 'horse', göu'dog' Mal' ðibaj/Ma.rrr qu1ail . B I 02 Malðï; cf . 2, O9g Ma¡Ã¡r6aü Mammre/Man¡*.rpe . Bl02 Mamir; Dl00 Maunp Mamurbek/Maruyp6exr . Bl02 Mamir; 2Mauup Manke/Mar¡re . Z Maqxe Masz/Macgr . cf. Bl04 Maz;ZMec Matke/Maxe . cf. Bl04 Matkey; 2v Marex, Marrxe, Marxefi Medzym/Me¡:uMa . cf. D99 Marayr'lft4areyu < Ar. Mqsùm Mekebaj/Mexe6afi . Bl04 Meke Mesbek/Mec6exr. cf. --+ Mas/Macst MuxodZan/MyxoÃxanr . cf. Z Myxarraerxau Statistics of Kazak and Kalmyk Cattle Owners 55

MukaS/Myraurc. Bl08 MuqaS; Z Myxaur Muratbek/Mypar6exr, . D 106 Mypar6exfvf ypar6ex Murzalen/Myprareur . cf. 8109 Mursalim, Murza; D107 Mupsa- Musa/Myca . Bl09 Musa; D106 MycaMyca< Ar. Músa Muzataj/Myaaraü . cf.8109 Mustay; D106 MycaraüMycaraü Noxtbaj/Hoxr6aü . ? Nural'bek/Hypa¡r6exr . cf. Bl l I Nur-alï; Dl I I Hypa.nnlHypami2 Hypa6r Nurbes/Hyp6ecr . Eló3 Hypnerc, ElTl Hypneüc Osuman/Ocyr'raur . Bl l5 Osman, Osum; Dl18 Ou"¡as Raxinbek/Paxrs6exr . Dl22 Paxuw6er/Paruu6ex Rajgan/Paüraur . Bl lg Raylan; ZPafrxan (PaüxaH) Saxadbelr/Caxaa6err . cf . Z Carar Sakal/Cara.nr . Bl21 Saqal Santer/Canrepr, . cf. Bl23 Sant [+er'rnan'?] Satubaj/Cary6afi . Bl25 Satu- Stxan/Ctxanr, . Bl25 Satqan Stonbaj/Crou6aü . cf. Bl25 Satan Sulejman/Cyneür"lanr . DI32 Cy.rreür'reH/Cyneüuen < Ar. Sulaimdn Suvanbaj/Cynan 6afr . 2 Cs6au6aü; B I 30 Suwan Tamtu/Tar'lry . ? Tamyrbek/Taruup6err . cf. Z Ter*ripóex Tan"erÆanrepr . cî. 2 Teaip- Tannadãan/TasHa¡xaHr . cf . 2 T aua Tel'dovoj/Telsronoü . cf. Bl42 Tildi-1ul; 2Tolrsr6af't Tetayjn /Terau-lñnr . cf. B l 42 Tetey, Tetiy; 2 T ern-, T artu- TeubajÆey6aü . cf. Dl36 Tay6afi Tiretja/Tupern. cf. Bl43 Tirentay Tjabaj/Ta6aü . B34 Cabay Tjumobaj/Tror'ro6afi . cf.839 Õuma TjurugoubajÆropyroy6aü . cf. 839 Õuru TogurÆorypt . ? TogZan/Torxanr . Z Tonxas ToxtobajÆoxro6aü . Dl39 Torru6aüÆoxru6afi; Bl45 Tolta- TourtajÆoyprafi . *Tctyurtaj ? Tulekt/Tyrexrr . cf. Dl41 Tynex/Tyner; Bl50 Tulaq; Bl53 Tüläk, Tület, Tüläk-temir Tul'kibajiTymníafr . Dl4l Tyaxu6aü/Tynxi6aü; B153 Tülki; Bl50 Tulke Tul'kmoÆyarrr'lo . ? Turobaj/Typo6aü . D 140 Tope6afrlTepeíait Turt"xodÍa/Typrrxo,qxa . cf. Bl52 Turtu; Bl54 Türt; Bl49 Tört Tutgu5Æyrryur . B I 52 Tutqu3 Tyjsanbek/Tuücan6eru . cf. D140 Typcua6ex/Typcun6er TysanbajÆucan6afi . cf. Bl44 Tisan Urman/Ypvaut . Bl56 Urman; Dl l8 Opuau- Urtybaj/Ypru6aü . B I 56 Urtuy UrumbajA/pyr*ríafi . Z,Dl l8 Opua6aü; B I 56 Urum Urumbek/Ypyr*,r6exr . Z Opuu6er (Opuu6er) VetomdZan/BeroM¡xagb . cf. 827 Betim 56 H¡nny H*É¡'t

NOTES ON KALMYK NAME FORMS

Ara/Apa . Ara; S Ap, Apaa Ara5/Apaun, Araii/Apaurr . Araõ, Araõa; S Apru Arptur/Apnrynt . ?Arvta (< Rabtun? < Tib. Rabdan) Bainpahr,/Eaøxnary . K25 Bayinbato 'constantly ñrm' Belek/Ee¡rerr . Belg [Belik]; S Eranrar; E¡,r¡rar, Es¡er'knowledge, wisdom' Benbe/Eer¡6e . Bernbe, M20 Bembe; S Eq¡'a6a < Tib. Penpa / spen-pa 'Satum; Saturday-born' Besutja/Eecyrr . cf. Mo. Ërssca Boina/EoruHa. ?Boíxn [Boõxan] Bota/Eora . Boda; cf. S Eory Bova./Eosa . Boban, O74 Eõsã; cf. S Eouoo; Eynaü Briva./Eprna. ?*Biwa; cf. S Ensaa Buga/Eyna.Buga;SEyna Caryp/l{apurnr . ? Centyn/I{enrurut. cf. Kl98 Tsantan-

lnktelkaVllHxrerb(arb . *Enx-; cf. S 3Hxraüsau lnyge/lf Hsrre, lnka./lsra, Inka (fem.) . ?Enkä; S Ssxe: JustaÆOcra . Usta Kaldyn/Karasrur, . cf. S fan.uan (West Mongol chieftain 1632-97)

Senta/Cer¡ra . cf. -r Sante/Cas're Sevek/Cesext . Cevg [Cebek]; S llgser Suntuk/Cynryxr . cf. S Cyu¡yxurH Serip/Illepunt . ?Sarap; Kl64 Sarab; S Üapan < Tib. .íes-raå 'supreme wisdom' Sipdur/Illun¡ypt. Suptur/Illynrypt' Suptr [Suptyr]; cf. S llloo.qBop Sotxucailllotxyua . ?Sutg...... tSutrk.....l Taglta/Tarnra . cf. S Tarraa, Talr; Talta TanburÆan6ypr. ? Tanzy(n)ÆaH:u(ur¡ ' 5 '¡r"*"s

Abbreviations

Mo. Mongolic Skr. Tib. Tibetan Tu. Turkic Statistics of Kazak and Kalmyk Cattle Owners 59

REFERENCES

AA = M¡,unpnHEIM, C. G. 1940. Across Asia from West to East in 1906-1908, L (Société Finno- Ougrienne, Travaux Éthnographiques, 8.). Helsinki. B = BASKI, Imre 1986. A preliminary index to Rásonyi's Onomasticon Turcicum. Debter í Deh- ther í Dehtelín. Materials for Central Asiatic and Altaic Studies,Yl. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. D -.{xaHy:axos, T. 1989. Eciniuis xin? Batue uxs? Atua-Ãra. E = Epoöeesa, U. B. 2003. Poòoctoenue Ka3axcKtt.Í Jaqoa u Korca, XVIII-XX ss. Arr'raru. K = Klen, Josef, CICM 1956. Eigennamen aus der Ordos-Mongolei. Anthropos 5 l: 48 l-499. KWb = RAMSTEDT, G. J. 1935. Kalmückisches Wörterbucå. (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae, 3.) Helsinki. L = LTNDEccER, Peter l9'16. Ononasticon Tibetanum, Namen und Namengehung cler Tibeter. (Opuscula Tibetana. Arbeiten aus dem Tibet-Institut Rikon-Zürih, Fasc. 7.) Zürich. M = MtyAwAKI, Junko 1991. A Volga-Kalmyk family tree in the Ramstedt Collection. Journal de la Sociéré Fínno-Ougríenne (Helsinki) 83:203-234 (= l-42). O = Orqet¡ o noôgÃrt H, O.tl¿posa xr, Acrpaxaucxl,rMt KarMbIKau'¡ ¡örout 1909 ro¡a. llzeøcmín Pyccxazo Ko,uumema òtt usyuenit Cpcòueü u Bocmo.auoít Asia l0 (1910): 61J7. S = CoÄuor"r, 9., Mor¡ro¡ xyttuü uspuüu ryxaü. In: Mouzotun cyòaanuu sapun acyyòatr. Pcò. A. Ilyecanðarà.aa. (Studia Mongolica, IV, Fasc. 15):29-134.Vmaaíaarap,1964. Z = )Kannercon, E. H., 3ruoryrrrypuas reKcl,rKa Ka3axcKoro nrura (na MareptaJlax npou:ne¡eur,rü M. Aye:ona). Arua-Ara 1989. Zv = )Kanapos, III., Krrprrrr aaaM ar"rapu. Opyuae 1989. oo\

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