CDR November 2013 Social Infrastructure 111 Potable Water Supply General overview of the sector technologies of water purification. By the end of the Lebanese war, potable water installations were To put up with such a difficult limited to half completed networks reality, the Lebanese government in main cities and smaller started in 1992 to act in several networks in the rest of the regions. fields: The inadequacy of this service 1) Execution of urgent began to show accompanied by the rehabilitation activities for aggravation of the underground existing equipments relative to and surface water pollution water sources and other problem as a result of random networks and pumping and wastewater infrastructure, thus purification stations, and threatening the environment and solving all existing or citizen’s health. upcoming problems. 2) Completion, expansion and The insufficient service of potable rehabilitation of networks water has many reasons, mainly: according to needs. 1) An increased demand of water 3) Development and increase in and the incapacity of existing water sources and limiting the networks water comedown and thus 2) Increase in water loss as a result increase nutrition average. of network deterioration 3) Absence of means to protect In other words, this sectoral action water from pollution (random plan aims at completing wastewater infrastructure, rehabilitation and expansion of industrial and agricultural potable water in all Lebanese pollutants…) regions and increase water sources 4) Insufficiency of consumption in to put an end to the deficit both water and wastewater expected and that through large sectors, i.e. scant investment projects like building dams and necessary to improve and mountain lakes. modernize installations and developing them to the required However, on the institutional service and environmental levels. level, the promulgation of Law 5) Non development of an 221/2000 was an essential step adequate administrative and towards restructuring and executive structure in the sector modernizing both water and to accompany the urgent wastewater sectors; as it increasing needs for potable determined the water public water service and wastewater properties (surface and ground) and the application of new and assigned water administration methods adopted in the (potable water, irrigation, administration and in modern wastewater) to 4 public 112 Basic services CDR November 2013 institutions (excluding the Litani (National Emergency distribution of governorates, as river which remained under the Reconstruction Program – NERP follows: authority of the Litani National – first year) At a cost of US$ 60 authority to exploit its water for million, financed by the World Greater Beirut area irrigation in South Lebanon and Bank and the European Investment NERP: Several contracts have West Bekaa) into which it Bank, the program aimed at the been awarded regarding the integrated all water departments, rehabilitation of networks and rehabilitation and construction of under the tutelage authority of the equipment of potable water supplies potable water supply systems in Ministry of Energy and Water. for 19 potable water authorities. the Greater Beirut area, for a total In 2001, boards of administration • Rehabilitation and expansion of cost of US$ 45 million, financed for water institutions were potable water treatment plants, by Kuwaiti Fund for Arab appointed. In 2005, new pumping and chlorination Economic Development – regulatory and structural decrees stations in the regions: The KFAED. These contracts included were issued and work started on program covered projects for the the following works: their application, in order to reach rehabilitation and expansion of • Rehabilitation of water sources, many objectives mainly seven main potable water treatment such as Qashkoush, Ain al Delbe rehabilitating and improving the plants in Zahle, Kfar Halda, Tripoli, springs and Daychounieh wells service of these institutions, the Jbeil, Kousba, Ras el Ain and al- • Rehabilitation of Daychounieh expansion of coverage and the Bass (Sour). It also covered and Hazmieh potable water maintenance of administrative rehabilitation of 200 pumping treatment plants stability and financial equilibrium stations located in all Lebanese • Rehabilitation and construction of these institutions. regions. The cost of this program of potable water supply and started in August 1996, amounted distribution networks in the In parallel with the aim of the to approximately US$ 54 million Greater Beirut area. government to involve the private and was funded by the financial sector in the management of these French-Lebanese Protocol. Expansion of Dbayeh potable establishments, the Ministry of water treatment plant (First Energy and Water commissioned • Technical assistance to the phase): the capacity of Dbayeh a French company to study the Ministry of Energy and Water: potable water treatment plant has ways for the private sector to A technical assistance project of been increased to 430000 m3 per participate in the management of 30 million FF, funded by the day. This project was financed by Beirut and Mount Lebanon Water financial French-Lebanese the Italian-Lebanese Protocol, Establishment. Furthermore, the Protocol was completed. Under with a total amount of US$ 5.7 Ministry authorized the CDR to this program assistance was million. award contracts for the provided to the Ministry of In addition to these projects, and management of the other regional Energy and Water and to major within the framework of the Beirut water establishments. water authorities in the form of infrastructure rehabilitation, the capacity building, institutional water supply and distribution Main achievements in the sector development and supply of networks were rehabilitated and (1992-2012) necessary equipment. upgraded in streets covered by this project. At the end of the civil war in In parallel with the beginning of Lebanon, the water projects execution of these programs at the Bekaa and Baalback Hermel implemented by the CDR aimed national level, the CDR focused Governorates: to fulfill national objectives; they on the development of water included: treatment plants in all Lebanese Baalback-Nabi Sheet potable • Emergency rehabilitation regions. These projects are water supply and Baalback program for water authorities detailed below according to the wastewater network: the CDR November 2013 Basic services 113 contract amounting to US$ 32 wastewater networks at a cost 246 kms long of water distribution million was financed by the World amounting to about US$ 11.7 pipes, and construction of 23 new Bank. By virtue of this project, the million financed by the World water reservoirs and two artesian rehabilitation of potable water bank. wells. reservoirs, pumping stations and • Construction of wastewater installation of distribution pipes • Ouyoun Orghosh potable and additional potable water were completed, digging and water supply: the contract distribution pipes in 17 villages installation of wells in the region amounts to US$ 7.8 million in Baalback district: these works of the project, as well as financed by IDB. This project are considered to complete the generating a wastewater discharge includes the installation of pipes project on potable water network in Baalback. for the supply of water from distribution and wastewater Qabua and Shemali springs, 72 pipeline network construction for • Baalbeck-Nabi Sheet domestic kms of supply pipes, 110 kms of Baalback-Nabi Shit region connections and additional distribution networks and mentioned above; through it a distribution lines: the contract construction of 18 new water pipeline network to distribute amounts to about US$ 1.25 reservoirs. million was financed by the World potable water and execute Bank. domestic connections and • Habilitation and expansion of wastewater networks at a cost potable water systems in Bekaa • Construction of wastewater amounting to about US$ 12.2 governorate (North-West and additional potable water million financed by the World Bekaa) Third stage of Phase 1: distribution pipes in Baalback bank. this project includes the drilling of and Amshki: these works are wells and distribution networks. - Yammouneh potable water considered to complete the project The cost of the project is of supply: the contract amounts to on potable water distribution and US$ 13.4 million locally funded US$ 11.9 and was financed by the wastewater pipeline network by virtue of Bekaa Development Islamic Development Bank (IDB). construction for Baalback-Nabi Decree number 12919, dated This project includes the Shit region mentioned above; 27/8/1998. through it a pipeline network to construction of a dam for distribute potable water and capturing of the Yammouneh • Installation of potable water execute domestic connections and spring water and installation of 76 conveyor lines to al-Bustan and kms long of water supply pipes, al-Harf from spring waters of Potable Water network - Beirut 114 Basic services CDR November 2013 CDR November 2013 Basic services 115 Potable Water network - Tripoli Nassara and Harik in Hermel through local funding, by virtue of networks. The project amounts to region: the contract amounts to Bekaa Development Decree about US$ 13 million through US$ 2 million and was funded by number 12919 dated 27/8/1998. local funding. the Kuwaiti Fund. • Shmistar potable water • Execution of distribution lines • Execution of irrigation works supply: this project was estimated and additional potable networks in Hermel