Fossilmania at the Falls of the Ohio by Paula Mchugh
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Volume 16, Number 39 Thursday, October 5, 2000 Fossilmania at The Falls of the Ohio by Paula McHugh A spur of the moment road trip led us back in time millions and millions of years ago. About 400 million, to be exact. As the camper van rolled along the highway, Indiana license plate prefixes on the cars around us changed from 64 and 46 (Porter and LaPorte County numbers) to 49, then 7, followed by a host of 3’s, 31’s, and finally, they trans- muted to an even mix of Hoosier and The Falls Fossil Festival is held each September at the Falls of the Ohio State Park. Kentucky plates. We were headed to the Falls of the Ohio State Park in Clarksville on the northern shore of the Hoosier State’s natural river boundary. Louisville’s sky- line is prominent here, but that was not the attraction this past September weekend. My friend and fellow adventurer Miff Woolsey is the true fossil hunter. After spending the previous day volun- teering at the Duneland Harvest Festival, Miff was ready to hunt for Trilobite fossils and a five-hour drive to south- ern Indiana to find them did not faze her one bit. On the heels of meeting Dr. Scheff, and interviewing Jean Segal, both pro- lific paleontology teachers, I figured by now that it was my karma to learn more about ancient skeletal remains. I like spur of the moment travels, too, and all signs for this trip were “go.” The Falls of the Ohio is Indiana’s newest state park, yet explorers, Native Americans, pioneers, writers, and scientists have been stopping here for at least the past three centuries. The “falls” are actually cascading rapids that cause the Ohio River to drop 26 feet in elevation over a 2-1/2 mile stretch. But the rushing water is not the draw here: people come to this particular spot during its dry time. This is when the world’s largest Devonian fossil bed is exposed, and when walking upon the 395 million-year-old coral reef allows visitors to inspect more than 600 species of the fossilized animal skele- tons. More than two hundred species were identified, or dis- covered here first. Fellow adventurer Miff Woolsey had come to search for trilobites, a tiny animal that shed its outer skin in a molting process and scavenged along the sea bottom. Fossilmania Continued on Page 2 Page 2 October 5, 2000 911 Franklin Street • Michigan City, IN 46360 219/879-0088 • FAX 219/879-8070 In Case Of Emergency, Dial e-mail: News/Articles - [email protected] email: Classifieds - [email protected] http://www.bbpnet.com/Beacher/ Published and Printed by THE BEACHER BUSINESS PRINTERS 911 Delivered weekly, free of charge to Birch Tree Farms, Duneland Beach, Grand Beach, Hidden Shores, Long Beach, Michiana Shores, Michiana MI and Shoreland Hills. The Beacher is also Subscription Rates delivered to public places in Michigan City, New Buffalo, LaPorte and Sheridan Beach. 1 year $26 6 months $14 3 months $8 1 month $3 Fossilmania Continued from Page 1 Best Time to Visit September and October are the best months to explained how the eons-old coral reef had formed. Since visit the 220-acre park, which opened in 1990 and added corals thrive only in tropical salt-sea waters, the a 16,000 square foot interpretive center in 1996. It area we were standing on had been a warm tropical is in these two brief months when the river is lowest sea that was located about twenty degrees south of that visitors can marvel at five distinct fossil layers the equator. The same land Miff and I were standing that lay exposed here. And one weekend each September on that Sunday afternoon had experienced more than fossil lovers flock here to participate in the Falls 350 million years of continental shifting, and the Fossil Fest. This is when they can take guided tours, second Ice Age later carved out what is now the Ohio buy specimens from vendors, learn from experts dur- River. Now, those are indeed a lot of years to contemplate. ing ongoing lectures, and even dig their own 425 An overwhelming number of years. The Devonian Period million year old shale fossils at a special site on the was known as the “Age of Fishes” because fish were festival grounds. the most evolved and most abundant creatures at that Standing forty feet above the fossil bed just out- time. And this period predates the appearance of side the Interpretive Center, our guide Miss Pat dinosaurs on the earth by another 200 million years. Miss Pat led us first past the “youngest” fossil layer containing bra- Our guide, Miss Pat, explains how continental drifting over 400 million chiopods (similar to a clam), lace coral, trilobites and some solitary years has changed the landscape. Before the Ice Ages, what is now branching corals. As we descended to the second layer, we found crinoid Indiana had been a tropical inland sea. stems, much larger than those found on Lake Michigan’s lakeshore Five Layers to Explore Traces of fish fossils are not found at the Falls Pat led us first past the “youngest” fossil layer con- area, however. The simplest explanation is that the taining brachiopods (similar to a clam), lace coral, trilo- corals, trilobites, brachiopods and crinoids, animals bites and some solitary branching corals. As we that were fixed or crawled on the sea floors, are more descended to the second layer, we found crinoid stems, commonly preserved than animals that swim. A quick much larger than those found on Lake Michigan’s burial and a quiet environment, unlike a reef, are essen- lakeshore. The next layer revealed horn corals. Soon tial to preserve delicate organisms like fish, accord- we realized that we were walking upon layers and lay- ing to Park Naturalist Alan Goldstein. ers of fossils, which is what a reef is composed of in The Jeffersonville limestone that surrounded us is the first place. The walk was bumpy with so many composed of fossils of countless numbers of corals, stro- exposed fossils to examine just beneath our feet. The matoporoid sponges, brachiopods, mollusks, echino- fossil bed we were standing on, we were told, was almost derms, arthropods, and microscopic organisms. Miss 32-feet deep. October 5, 2000 Page 3 Indiana’s Famous Patch Reef Miss Pat was Open ‘til 7 p.m. joined by another Evenings volunteer guide who poured water on some of the more spectacular fossil specimens to give wwwElegant.littlehousef Apparelashions.com for the us a better per- [email protected] Conscious Woman spective. We saw Women’s Apparel several samples of the pentagon-shaped New Fall Arrivals Petoskey stone, “wasp nest” coral, and the tips of “pipe organ” coral, pro- truding from rock and suggesting the tips of fingers. Huge fossils of tusk coral, some as long as four Here are the fossilized remains of a huge feet, lay exposed in colony of pipe organ coral. The foot belongs the lower beds. The to a member of the tour. closer we walked south toward the Louisville skyline, the more in awe we became. Fossils and more fossils. And all would be swallowed up by river water before the year is over, to emerge again late next summer for another spec- tacular show. Australia has its Great Barrier Reef, and Indiana has its 220-acre Patch Reef. All reefs are formed in shallow salt-water environments, and they never exist in fresh water. They are built among the remains of earlier organisms. Patch reefs form mounds of iso- lated coral colonies, and the Falls reef stretched 1,000 miles long and hun- dreds of miles wide, according to Alan Goldstein. So, back in the Devonian Susan Bristol hand knit sweaters. Sizes S-XL Period Hoosierdom $10 $10 $10 $10 $10 $10 was a salt-water sea Fun Fall Bucks Fun Fall Bucks Fun Fall Bucks Worth $10 Worth $10 Worth $10 and the closest place on Any Regular Priced on Any Regular Priced on Any Regular Priced Merchandise of $50 or more Merchandise of $50 or more Merchandise of $50 or more to stretch your sea Expires October 31, 2000 Expires October 31, 2000 Expires October 31, 2000 Not Valid With Other Coupons or Discounts Not Valid With Other Coupons or Discounts Not Valid With Other Coupons or Discounts legs and find solid $10 $10 $10 $10 $10 $10 land would have been around Nebraska or there- abouts. But of Clearance 60 - 80% off course, only fish, not humans, reigned at Meet Us For Lunch And A Style Show that time period. We WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 11 - HANNAH’S, NEW BUFFALO wouldn’t be coming What is this? Paul, a volunteer guide pulls THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12 - ROSKOE’S, LA PORTE into existence until out an illustration of a sea sponge fossil. much, much later. Above his hands in the photo you can see 409 Alexander Street LaPorte, IN 326-8602 the “fingers” of a pipe organ coral. On Hwy 35 - 5 Blocks South of Lincolnway Turn Right on Alexander Monday - Friday 9:30 to 7 Saturday 9:30 to 5 Fossilmania Continued on Page 4 Page 4 October 5, 2000 Fossilmania Continued from Page 3 The Boiling Place The Falls of the Ohio is the same land that encompasses the former homesite of George Rogers Clark, who established the first English- speaking settlement in the Northwest Territory across the river on Corn Island in 1778. Later Clark moved to the Indiana side to establish a town in his name, and his brother William, along with Meriweather Lewis, began their long exploratory journey to the Louisiana Territory from this very spot.