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The Nevada Mineral Industry 2014

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Nevada Bureau of Metals Mines and Geology Industrial Minerals Oil and Gas Special Publication MI-2014 Geothermal The Nevada Exploration Development Mineral Industry Mining 2014 Processing 1.0’ @ 80.056 opt Au Diluted grade: 25.215 opt Au over 3.2’ This report describes mineral, oil and gas, and geothermal activities and accomplishments in Nevada in 2014: production statistics, exploration and development including drilling for petroleum and geothermal resources, discoveries of orebodies, new mines opened, and expansion and other activities of existing mines. Statistics of known gold and silver deposits, and directories of mines and mills are included. Nevada System of Higher Education 2016 Board of Regents Daniel Klaich, Chancellor Andrea Anderson Sam Lieberman University of Nevada, Reno Cedric Crear Kevin C. Melcher Marc Johnson, President Mark W. Doubrava Kevin J. Page Jason Geddes Allison Stephens College of Science Trevor Hayes Rick Trachok, Chairman Jeffrey Thompson, Dean James Dean Leavitt Michael B. Wixom, Vice Chairman Mackay School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Russell Fields, Director Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology James E. Faulds, Director/State Geologist Scientific Research Staff Research and Administrative Support Staff Economic Geology, Geologic Mapping, Cartography and Publication Support and Geologic Framework Jennifer Vlcan, Cartographic/GIS Manager James E. Faulds, Professor Jack Hursh, Cartographer/Publications Specialist Christopher D. Henry, Research Geologist Rachel Micander, Cartographer/GIS Specialist Nicholas H. Hinz, Research Geologist Katie Ryan, Cartographer/GIS Specialist Mike Ressel, Assistant Professor-Economic Geologist Irene Seelye, Cartographer/GIS Specialist Center for Research in Economic Geology Publication Sales and Information John Muntean, Director, Associate Professor Craig M. dePolo, Supervisor Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy David Davis, Geologic Information Specialist Bridget Ayling, Director, Associate Professor Charlotte Stock, Sales Manager Bret Pecoraro, Development Technician Geologic Hazards and Engineering Geology Seth Dee, Geologic Mapping Specialist Administration Craig M. dePolo, Research Geologist Alex Nesbitt, Administrative Assistant Rich Koehler, Assistant Professor Linda Goar, Accounting Assistant Alan R. Ramelli, Research Geologist Nevada Geodetic Laboratory Geoffrey Blewitt, Research Professor William C. Hammond, Research Professor Corné W. Kreemer, Research Professor Cover Photo: Vonnie Vein Klondex Mines Ltd’s Fire Creek Mine Lander County Photographers: Eric Hobbs & Justin B. Milliard Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication MI-2014 The Nevada Mineral Industry 2014 Contents 3 Overview by John L. Muntean 13 Metals by David A. Davis and John L. Muntean 46 Major Precious-Metal Deposits by David A. Davis and John L. Muntean 100 Other Metallic Deposits by David A. Davis and John L. Muntean 110 Industrial Minerals by David A. Davis 125 Industrial Mineral Deposits by David A. Davis 131 Geothermal Energy by Lisa Shevenell 149 Oil and Gas by David A. Davis 160 Directory of Mining and Milling Operations by David A. Davis 2016 OVERVIEW by John L. Muntean This report highlights activities through 2014 in metals, Nevada was valued at $204.5 million. Construction industrial minerals, geothermal energy, and petroleum. The aggregate ranked fifth, with a value of $166 million. value of overall mineral and energy production in Nevada The section on Metals and the tables in Major in 2014 decreased 15.6% to just under $7.58 billion (table Precious-Metal Deposits and Other Metallic Deposits 1, fig. 1). The main cause, as was the case in 2013, was the provide details on exploration, new deposit discoveries, new decreasing price of gold from an all-time high average cost mine openings, mine closures, additions to reserves, and of $1,669/ounce in 2012, to $1,411/ounce in 2013, and to mine expansions. As has been the case for many years, gold $1,266/ounce in 2014. Gold production decreased for the continues to be the leading commodity produced in Nevada. second year in a row, declining 9.1% to 4.94 million ounces, Production of gold in 2014 came mainly from 14 major the first time it dropped below 5 million ounces since 1988 mining operations that each produced greater than 50,000 (fig. 2). Nevertheless, gold comprised 82.5% of the value of ounces. The Carlin trend in northeastern Nevada accounted Nevada’s mineral and energy production. Nevada led the for 35% of the total production, about the same as in 2013. nation in the production of gold and barite, and was the only There were nine mining operations not on the Carlin trend state that produced magnesite, lithium, and the specialty that each produced over 100,000 ounces of gold. clays, sepiolite and saponite. Other commodities mined and Nevada and the U.S. have produced a significant produced in Nevada in 2014, in order of value, included portion of the world’s gold. The U.S. Geological Survey copper, silver, geothermal energy, construction aggregate estimates that total world gold production, since the (sand, gravel, and crushed stone, including limestone and beginning of civilization, has been approximately 5.63 dolomite), diatomite, lime (produced from limestone and billion ounces. Although this seems like a large quantity, all dolomite), gypsum, petroleum, silica, and molybdenum. the gold ever mined would fit into a cube only ~21 m (68 ft) Additional mined materials with production values less than on a side. Interestingly, about 85% of that gold is still in use $10,000,000 in 2014 were clays, perlite, iron ore, dimension (in bullion, coins, jewelry, electronics, etc.), and most gold stone, salt, and semiprecious gemstones (opal). Locations of currently in use will be recycled. Total gold production in many of the sites mentioned in the text of this report are Nevada through 2014 was 213.4 million ounces. shown on NBMG Open-File Report 2014-01, Nevada Remarkably, 89% has been produced since the Carlin mine Active Mines and Energy Producers, which is available at began production in 1965; 86% has been produced during http://pubs.nbmg.unr.edu/Active-mines-and-energy-2014- the current boom from 1981 to the present; and 27% has p/of2014-01.htm. been produced in the last ten years. Cumulative U.S. Nevada dropped behind Arizona to second in the production, primarily since 1835, is approximately 581 United States, in terms of value of overall nonfuel million ounces or about 10.3% of total world gold (excluding oil, gas, coal, uranium, and geothermal) mineral production, and total Nevada production is 3.8% of production in 2014 (according to the U.S. Geological cumulative world production. The Carlin trend alone Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2014, accounts for 1.5% of all the gold ever mined in the world. http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2015/mcs2015 By the end of 2014, cumulative production from the Carlin .pdf). Arizona is the country’s major copper producer. trend was 84.2 million ounces, assuring its place as one of Minnesota, the leading iron ore producer in the U.S., was the most productive gold-mining districts in the world. third. Texas rose to fourth, mainly due to its booming Nevada continues to be in the midst of the biggest gold construction industry and demand for aggregate and boom in U.S. history, as the graph of historical U.S. gold cement. Utah was fifth, mainly because of its Bingham production illustrates (fig. 3). The recent surge in Canyon copper-gold mine near Salt Lake City. The production in the U.S. is largely the result of discoveries of contributions that mining makes to the economies of Carlin-type gold deposits and other deposits in which gold Nevada and the U.S. are significant in terms of jobs, occurs primarily in grains that are too small to be visible to commerce, taxes, improvements to the infrastructure, and the naked eye. These deposits are mostly in Nevada. The lowering of the U.S. trade deficit. U.S. production so far in the current boom, the period since Nevada's production of gold, valued at $6.26 billion, 1981, has been 261 million ounces. This is significantly accounted for 73% of the U.S. total and helped the U.S. greater than the total U.S. production during the era of the become the fourth leading gold producer in the world in California gold rush (1849 to 1859, with 29 million ounces, 2014. Nevada alone accounted for 5.4% of world although some estimates of unreported production may production of gold, which was approximately 92 million bring that figure up to 70 million ounces); the Comstock ounces in 2014. Only China, Australia, Russia, and Canada (Nevada) era from 1860 to 1875 (with 34 million ounces); produced more gold than the state of Nevada. Second to and the period from 1897 to 1920, when Goldfield gold in terms of Nevada's mineral value in 2014 was copper (Nevada), the Black Hills (South Dakota), Cripple Creek ($427 million), followed by silver ($209 million), which (Colorado), and byproduct gold production from copper was produced chiefly as a byproduct of gold production. mines in Arizona and Utah contributed to cumulative Electrical power from geothermal energy production in production of 95 million ounces. U.S. production in the last 3 TABLE 1. MINERAL, GEOTHERMAL POWER, AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTION IN NEVADA1 2013 (revised) 2014 Change from 2013 to 2014 Commodity Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value (millions) (millions) Gold (thousand troy ounces) 5,436 $7,672.1 4,941 $6,256.7 -9.1% -18.4% Silver (thousand troy ounces)
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