Mark of the Beast

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mark of the Beast Sample file Introduction Werewolves of London...and other places “ ven a man who is pure in heart and says his prayers by night, may become a wolf when the wolfbane blooms and the au- tumn moon is bright.” So goes the famous line from the 1941 LonE Chaney Jr. monster movie, The Wolf Man. The figure of the half man, half beast werewolf is an iconic image, recognized all over the world; second only behind Count Dracula and his bloodsucking kind, the lycanthrope is a staple of horror. With very little classic literary works about the werewolf, however, most of what we know and recognize today comes from folklore and pop culture. Every civilization has some story or legend of creatures half man and half beast. Indigenous native peoples around the world held beliefs about shaman and witch doctors who could transform themselves into animals. The ancient Egyptians worshiped a whole pantheon of animal-headed gods. The superstitious folk of medieval Europe believed that a witch or a gypsy could curse a man to become a werewolf by night. Pacific islanders told tales of men changing into sharks. Certain African peoples feared leopard men. Coming from all over the world and from every culture, werebeast legends naturally vary. Among the ways said to become a werewolf include being bitten by a werewolf, being bitten by a normal wolf, a potion or curse from a gypsy or a witch, a family curse, a genetic disorder, drinking rainwater from the paw print of a wolf, wearing an enchanted pelt made from wolfskin, through a pact with Satan or a demon, through the act of cannibalism, etc. Some werewolves Samplehave no memory or control over their change while othersfile do. Some change only by the light of a full moon while others can change at any time. Some werewolves look like normal wolves, some look like giant wolves, and still others are mutant man-beasts. Some are solitary and some live and hunt in packs or clans. Although not always the case, today the one constant among all werewolf tales is the monster’s 7 8 w Scott David Aniolowski aversion to silver. Silver, a metal long associated in religious, occult and alchemenichal circles with purity, the moon and the night, is universally known for its power to slay a werewolf. One of the earliest and most infamous reports of a man becoming a werewolf is the sixteenth century story of German farmer Peter Stumpf. Known notoriously as the Werewolf of Bedburg, Stumpf is claimed to have raped, murdered and eaten over a dozen woman and children. Among the more despicable accusations against Stumpf was that he had raped his own daughter and had killed his son and eaten his brain. On October 31, 1589, he was tortured and executed, and his mutilated body burned on a pyre. Fairy tales with Germanic origins, famous for anthropomorphic animals, featured talking wolves in the story of Little Red Riding Hood and the Three Little Pigs. In both cases, the Big Bad Wolf met a grisly end, in one case being split open by a huntsman to rescue the still-living grandma, and in the other coming down a chimney only to be boiled alive and then eaten by the surviving pig. In both tales the wolf was portrayed as smooth talking, devious and conniving – certainly very human traits. The first film to feature the now-familiar man-beast werewolf was Werewolf of London in 1935, although undoubtedly it was Lon Chaney Jr.’s portrayal of the tragic Lawrence Talbot in the 1941 The Wolf Man that has shaped how the creature is portrayed today. In recent years the werewolf has become a staple of television and film. The campy Dr. Smith ran afoul of hillbilly space werewolves on Lost in Space; intrepid I.N.S. report Carl Kolchak found a werewolf aboard a cruise ship; the Gothic soap opera Dark Shadows featured a werewolf character; Eddie Munster was a werewolf-like boy complete with his doll Woof Woof; Supernatural featured a tragic werewolf love interest for one of the monster-hunting, angst-ridden brothers, Buffy’s pal Oz was a wolfman, and even the long-running iconic British sci-fi show Doctor Who has featured a lycanthrope in a recent adventure. Programs intended for children and family viewing such as Goose- bumpsSample and even the famous T.G.I.F. classic Boy Meets World file has used the werewolf legend as a metaphor for the hormonal changes that all adolescents face; kids in the 1970’s were treated to rock and roll werewolves (“inspired by” famous 1970’s DJ Wolfman Jack) in shows such as the animated Groovy Goolies and the Billy Van vehicle, the Canadian-produced The Hilarious House of Frightenstein. Popular 8 Introduction w 9 music has also embraced the werewolf, from Warren Zevon’s famous “Werewolves of London” where they drank pina coladas at Trader Vic’s and ate beef chow mein at Lee Ho Fooks’ Chinese restaurant, to the Backstreet Boys, one of whom transformed into a lycanthrope in one of their popular videos, and even Ozzie Osbourne took a turn as a werewolf. And who could forget the King of Pop himself, Michael Jackson, and his portrayal of a werewolf in his iconic “Thriller” vid- eo? In the 1990’s White Wolf Publishing produced a number of role playing games wherein players assumed the roles of various types of Monsters: vampires, mummies, ghosts and werewolves. Their lycan- thrope line, “Werewolf: The Apocalypse,” took the werewolf genre in a more spiritual, eco-warrior direction. Although werewolves had featured in films throughout the twen- tieth century, including Michael Landon’s famous portrayal in the 1950’s I Was a Teenage Werewolf and in 1960’s Hammer films, were- wolves really came into their own starting in the 1980’s with films such as An American Werewolf in London, The Howling and Wolfen. Lycanthropes continued to feature prominently in films with such offerings as the UK’s seminal Dog Soldiers to less-than successful little independent films like Hyenas. But no werewolf fan could predict what Stephenie Meyer and the films based on her novels would do to the popularity and image of the werewolf! The egregiously popular Twilight series turned the savage manbeast into a pouting, shirtless pinup! The floodgates opened and a torrent of bad werewolf fanfic and romance novels were e-produced and available on the internet for all who craved werewolf soft porn! But there’ll be none of that here! No, herein are gathered a number of tales portraying the glorious and bestial nature of the werewolf. I offer you horror, sci-fi, Gothic, cyber, fairy tale and fantasy stories and poems that embrace the essence of the beast, told by an assort- ment of scribes with diverse styles and voices. I offer you the works of both established names in the field as well as wonderfully talented newcomers. Authors from around the globe are featured here, from Samplethe UK and Europe to Australia to North and South file America and perhaps from Parts Unknown. This was truly an effort of editorial might, as I received well over 250 stories for consideration. When all was said and done I had narrowed the field down to about 45 that I really liked, and then had to agonize over which of those had to be cut for no reason but a lack of space for everyone. It was a tough decision, 9.
Recommended publications
  • Werewolf Trivia Quiz
    WEREWOLF TRIVIA QUIZ ( www.TriviaChamp.com ) 1> According to legend, which of these items do werewolves hate? a. Sage b. Basil c. Garlic d. Salt 2> What is the term used to describe when a person changes into a wolf? a. Lycanthropy b. Hycanthropy c. Alluranthropy d. Cynanthropy 3> The "Beast of Gevaudan" incident occurred in which nation? a. England b. Germany c. France d. America 4> What kind of bullet will kill a werewolf? a. Silver b. Copper c. Pewter d. Gold 5> What is the name of the Norse wolf god? a. Hei b. Odin c. Loki d. Fenrir 6> Which of these plants will repel a werewolf? a. Mistletoe b. Poinsettia c. Lily d. Orchid 7> In which of these movies did Michael J. Fox play a werewolf? a. Cursed b. Teen Wolf c. Bad Moon d. An American Werewolf in London 8> Which artist recorded the 1978 hit, "Werewolves in London"? a. Elvis Costello b. Warren Zevon c. Neil Diamond d. David Bowie 9> If chased by a werewolf, which tree would be the best to climb? a. Olive b. Popular c. Maple d. Ash 10> Released in 1941, who plays Lawrence Talbot in the werewolf cult classic "The Wolf Man"? a. Lon Chaney b. Bela Lugosi c. Ralph Bellamy d. Claude Rains 11> What kind of crop can protect you from a werewolf? a. Oats b. Wheat c. Rye d. Corn 12> What is the setting for the classic werewolf film "Dog Soldiers"? a. South Africa b. Peru c. Scotland d. Germany 13> Which of the following elements will provide an excellent defense against werewolves? a.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Gods and Monsters: Signification in Franz Waxman's Film Score Bride of Frankenstein
    This is a repository copy of Of Gods and Monsters: Signification in Franz Waxman’s film score Bride of Frankenstein. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/118268/ Version: Accepted Version Article: McClelland, C (Cover date: 2014) Of Gods and Monsters: Signification in Franz Waxman’s film score Bride of Frankenstein. Journal of Film Music, 7 (1). pp. 5-19. ISSN 1087-7142 https://doi.org/10.1558/jfm.27224 © Copyright the International Film Music Society, published by Equinox Publishing Ltd 2017, This is an author produced version of a paper published in the Journal of Film Music. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Paper for the Journal of Film Music Of Gods and Monsters: Signification in Franz Waxman’s film score Bride of Frankenstein Universal’s horror classic Bride of Frankenstein (1935) directed by James Whale is iconic not just because of its enduring images and acting, but also because of the high quality of its score by Franz Waxman.
    [Show full text]
  • Dracula As Inter-American Film Icon: Universal Pictures and Cinematográfica ABSA
    University of Mary Washington Eagle Scholar English, Linguistics, and Communication College of Arts and Sciences 2020 Dracula as Inter-American Film Icon: Universal Pictures and Cinematográfica ABSA Antonio Barrenechea Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.umw.edu/elc Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons, Latin American Languages and Societies Commons, and the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Review of International American Studies VARIA RIAS Vol. 13, Spring—Summer № 1 /2020 ISSN 1991—2773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31261/rias.8908 DRACULA AS INTER-AMERICAN FILM ICON Universal Pictures and Cinematográfca ABSA introduction: the migrant vampire In Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897), Jonathan Harker and the Tran- Antonio Barrenechea University of sylvanian count frst come together over a piece of real estate. Mary Washington The purchase of Carfax Abbey is hardly an impulse-buy. An aspir- Fredericksburg, VA ing immigrant, Dracula has taken the time to educate himself USA on subjects “all relating to England and English life and customs https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-4767 and manners” (44). He plans to assimilate into a new society: “I long to go through the crowded streets of your mighty London, to be in the midst of the whirl and rush of humanity, to share its life, its change, its death, and all that makes it what it is” (45). Dracula’s emphasis on the roar of London conveys his desire to abandon the Carpathian Mountains in favor of the modern metropolis. Transylvania will have the reverse efect on Harker: having left the industrial West, he nearly goes mad from his cap- tivity in the East.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beast Inside
    University of Southern Maine USM Digital Commons Stonecoast MFA Student Scholarship Fall 12-15-2016 The Beast Inside Steve Cave University of Southern Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/stonecoast Part of the Creative Writing Commons Recommended Citation Cave, Steve, "The Beast Inside" (2016). Stonecoast MFA. 4. https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/stonecoast/4 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at USM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Stonecoast MFA by an authorized administrator of USM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Beast Inside _______________ A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MAINE STONECOAST MFA IN CREATIVE WRITING BY Steve Cave _______________ 2016 i Abstract This thesis contains the first seven chapters of the novel Ravenous, the short story “Faithfall,” and the academic paper “From Hellhound to Hero: Tracking the Shifting Shape of the 21st Century Werewolf.” Both of the stories deal with werewolves as a common element, but use very different types of werewolves in each. The werewolves of Ravenous transform through losing control or giving in to their passions, while the werewolves in “Faithfall” change only with the full moon, and retain no control once transformed. Both stories have a gay male protagonist, though also in very different ways. Ravenous follows the story of a seventeen-year-old young man learning that he is a werewolf, and uses this to explore themes such as coming of age, hungering for belonging, and dealing with feeling like a monster.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Images for Hollywood Classics Vicki James Yiannias
    Creating Images for Hollywood Classics Vicki James Yiannias From the time of silent films, the images of American cinema have reflected the environment of their time. The sounds, sites, costumes, makeup, and movements on the screen reinforce the norms of the era, but also give a taste of social changes in their early phases. Most popular attention has been focused on actors, who when influential are labeled stars, even if their talent is limited. More recently some directors also have become “bankable” as stars of their own kind. Still under-appreciated by most filmgoers are the critical behind-the scenes roles by others in the filmmaking team. Greeks who have carved some legendary spaces in their respective specialties are not widely celebrated, even by the Greek American public. Six such individuals are Jack Pierce, make-up and special effects artist; Hermes Pan, choreographer; Dean Tavoularis, production designer; and Theoni Aldredge, Patricia Field, and Mary Zophres, three extraordinary costumer designers. From Frankenstein to Mister Ed Special effects and makeup genius Jack Pierce (1889-1968) is one of the great innovators in Hollywood history. His masterly conceived monsters and creatures created for Hollywood horror classics such as Frankenstein (1931), Dracula 1931), The Mummy (1932), and Wolf Man (1941) are still terrifying, and their influence on popular culture, continues on a grand scale. Yiannis Peter Piccoulas (1889-1968) was born in Porto Cheli, Ermionida, in the Peloponnese. His father was a shepherd (likely to have been originally from the village of Valtestsi).1 In 1902, when he was just thirteen, Piccoulas left his family to come to America in search of a better life.
    [Show full text]
  • Ath001 Chronology of Limerick Athenaeum 2.Pdf
    Introduction The Limerick Athenaeum is comprised of two separate buildings at Upper Cecil Street Limerick. The original building, which now houses the Limerick Vocational Educational Committee [LVEC], was built as the offices of the Commissioners of St. Michael’s Parish in 1833. It was, in effect, the Town Hall of Georgian Limerick. The second building, the Athenaeum Hall was built by the Limerick Athenaeum as a Lecture Theatre in 1855. 1833 MINUTES OF St MICHAEL'S PARISH COMMISSIONERS [Source: From original manuscripts at the Limerick Archives] April 19th 1833: At a meeting of the above, with William White in the Chair, it was resolved that the proposal of John Stokes end Michael Guerin to build the new Parish Offices be accepted, for the sum of'£ 1,070 sterling. The contractors have to expend £300 before they get any money from the Board. Nicholas Hannon is appointed superintendent. Report in the Limerick Chronicle of the 20th April 1833: "The Commissioners of St Michael's Parish, yesterday, agreed with Mr Stokes, architect, for the sum of £1,070 to erect premises for a Watch-House, Board-Room etc in Cecil Street, to be accomplished on the 1st January next". Extracts from the Minute Books of the Commissioners of St. Michael's Parish: Page 2: Creagh & Charles McMahon act as guarantors for contractors. Page l7: Letter from John Stokes re £200 payment for building costs. Page 20: Donel Barrington is agent for Earl of Limerick. John Fogerty is awarded £ 3-10-0 for plans of the new building. Page 24: £100 awarded to the builder.
    [Show full text]
  • Television in the Cinema Before 1939: an International Annotated Database, with an Introduction by Richard Koszarski
    Journal of e-Media Studies Volume 5, Issue 1, 2016 Dartmouth College Television in the Cinema Before 1939: An International Annotated Database, with an Introduction by Richard Koszarski Richard Koszarski and Doron Galili Visions of the Future An Introduction by Richard Koszarski Albert Abramson traced the first appearance of the word television to a paper presented in Paris by the Russian electrical engineer Constantin Perskyi on August 25, 1900. Perskyi discussed his own work as well as the contributions of his predecessors, such as Paul Nipkow, and suggested television as a replacement for words like telectroscope, one of many terms already in common use whenever the phenomenon of distant electric vision was under discussion. The International Electricity Congress, which heard the paper, was meeting in Paris that summer because this is where the great Exposition Universelle of 1900 was being held. For film historians, the exposition is renowned for its fabulous array of new projection technologies, involving everything from widescreen and color to talking pictures and Cineorama. Perskyi's linguistic contribution, on the other hand, is remembered only by specialists. One wonders if the proponents of the téléoscope and the téléphote, as they roamed the exposition, gave any thought to these new marvels of the cinema, and asked themselves why their medium still lagged so far behind in every conceivable measure. Seeing at a distance was a notion that had captivated engineers and entrepreneurs since word of Alexander Graham Bell's telephone first began to spread in the late 1870s, yet here it was 1900, and still only in the talking stage? People around the world had been waiting for television for decades, but the engineers had given them the cinema instead, a rival moving-image medium that appeared to have leapt from dream to multinational industry almost overnight.
    [Show full text]
  • Phases of the Moon
    Phases of the Moon 66535_MANN.indd535_MANN.indd i 114/09/204/09/20 111:511:51 AAMM 66535_MANN.indd535_MANN.indd iiii 114/09/204/09/20 111:511:51 AAMM Phases of the Moon A Cultural History of the Werewolf Film Craig Ian Mann 66535_MANN.indd535_MANN.indd iiiiii 114/09/204/09/20 111:511:51 AAMM For the Monster Squad Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Craig Ian Mann, 2020 © Foreword, Stacey Abbott, 2020 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12 (2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in Monotype Ehrhardt by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 4111 7 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 4113 1 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 4114 8 (epub) The right of Craig Ian Mann to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders for the images that appear in this book, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
    [Show full text]
  • GOTHIC: the DARK HEART of FILM Season Launches on 21 October at BFI SOUTHBANK, London
    GOTHIC: THE DARK HEART OF FILM Season Launches on 21 October at BFI SOUTHBANK, London Part 1: MONSTROUS & Part 2: THE DARK ARTS Featuring special guests Roger Corman, Dario Argento and George A Romero Plus previews and events with Sir Christopher Frayling, Charlie Brooker, Charlie Higson, Russell Tovey, Anthony Head, Benjamin Zephaniah, Mark Gatiss, John Das, Philip Saville and Sarah Karloff The BFI blockbuster project GOTHIC: THE DARK HEART OF FILM launches at BFI Southbank on Monday 21 October and runs until Friday 31 January 2014. With the longest running season ever held to celebrate GOTHIC, one of Britain’s biggest cultural exports. An interview with the legendary director Roger Corman (The Masque of the Red Death, 1964) on 25 October will be followed with a haunting Hallowe’en that will fill BFI screens with mummies and vampires – old and new. Exclusive Film and TV previews will feature on-stage interviews with cinema luminaries such as George A Romero (Night of the Living Dead, 1968) and Dario Argento (Suspiria, 1976), and Sonic Cinema music nights such as the UK premiere of the Roland S Howard (The Birthday Party, Crime and the City Solution) documentary Autoluminescent (2011), accompanied by a live performance from Savages and HTRK. There will be specially curated exhibitions in the Atrium and Mezzanine that offer the chance to view the original contracts for Peter Cushing and Sir Christopher Lee at Hammer and Truman Capote’s handwritten screenplay for The Innocents (1961), plus Mediatheque programmes from the BFI National Archive, horribly good Family Fundays, education events and panel discussions, while across the length and breadth of the UK, GOTHIC will thrill audiences with fantastic screenings and restored films, starting with Werner Herzog’s Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) on 31 October.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Catalog Link Section Call # Summary Starring 28 Days Later
    Randall Library Horror Films -- October 2009 Check catalog link for availability Title Catalog link Section Call # Summary Starring 28 days later http://uncclc.coast.uncwil. DVD PN1995.9. An infirmary patient wakes up from a coma to Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris, edu/record=b1917831 Horror H6 A124 an empty room ... in a vacant hospital ... in a Christopher Eccleston, Megan Burns, 2003 deserted city. A powerful virus, which locks Brendan Gleeson victims into a permanent state of murderous rage, has transformed the world around him into a seemingly desolate wasteland. Now a handful of survivors must fight to stay alive, 30 days of night http://uncclc.coast.uncwil. DVD PN1995.9. An isolated Alaskan town is plunged into Josh Hartnett, Melissa George, Danny edu/record=b2058882 Horror H6 A126 darkness for a month each year when the sun Huston, Ben Foster, Mark Boone, Jr., 2008 sinks below the horizon. As the last rays of Mark Rendall, Amber Sainsbury, Manu light fade, the town is attacked by a Bennett bloodthirsty gang of vampires bent on an uninterrupted orgy of destruction. Only the town's husband-and-wife Sheriff team stand 976-EVIL http://uncclc.coast.uncwil. VHS PN1995.9. A contemporary gothic tale of high-tech horror. Stephen Geoffreys, Sandy Dennis, edu/record=b1868584 Horror H6 N552 High school underdog Hoax Wilmoth fills up Lezlie Deane 1989 the idle hours in his seedy hometown fending off the local leather-jacketed thugs, avoiding his overbearing, religious fanatic mother and dreaming of a date with trailer park tempress Suzie. But his quietly desperate life takes a Alfred Hitchcock's http://uncclc.coast.uncwil.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMf University of Alberta Cultural Contexts and Cultural Change: The Werewolf in Classical, Medieval, and Modern Texts by Renee Michelle Ward A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Department of English and Film Studies ©Renee Michelle Ward Spring 2009 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-55632-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-55632-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing
    [Show full text]
  • The Genre of Horror
    American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 2 No. 4; April 2012 The Genre of Horror Mgr. Viktória Prohászková Department of Massmedia Communication University of Ss. Cyrill and Method Trnava Abstract The study deals with the genre of horror, outlining it and describing the dominant features and typological variations. It provides a brief overview of the development process in the realm of literature, film and computer games and outlines its appearance in other fields of culture and art. It characterises the readers and viewers of horror works and their motives for seeking the genre. The thesis wants to introduce the genre, its representants in Slovak and Czech literature. Key words: genre, subgenre, horror, dread, short story, novel, film, writer, director, game, violence, blood, danger, mystical, supernatural phenomenon, ghost, monster, vampire, zombie, werewolf, murderer. 1. Introduction The oldest and strongest human emotion is fear. It is embedded in people since time began. It was fear that initiated the establishment of faith and religion. It was the fear of unknown and mysterious phenomena, which people could not explain otherwise than via impersonating a high power, which decides their fates. To every unexplainable phenomenon they attributed a character, human or inhuman, which they associated with supernatural skills and invincible power. And since the human imagination knows no limits, a wide scale of archetypal characters have been created, such as gods, demons, ghosts, spirits, freaks, monsters or villains. Stories and legends describing their insurmountable power started to spread about them. Despite the fact by the development of science many so far incomprehensible phenomena have been explained, these archetypes and legends are still being used in literature and other branches of art.
    [Show full text]