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5 Original Article: REPUBBLICA DI KALMYKIA ACQUE Peer Reviewed, Open Access, Free Online Journal Published monthly : ISSN: 2308-832X Issue 9; December 2013 Original Article: REPUBBLICA DI KALMYKIA ACQUE SOTTERRANEE E LE SUE CARATTERISTICHE AMBIENTALI GEOLOGICHE Citation Sangadjiev M.M., Onkaev V.A. Repubblica di Kalmykia Acque Sotterranee e Le Sue Caratteristiche Ambientali Geologiche. Italian Science Review. 2013; 9. PP. 5-11. Available at URL: http://www.ias-journal.org/archive/2013/december/Onkaev.pdf Authors Mergen M. Sangadjiev, candidate of geological-mineralogical Sciences, associate Professor, engineering technology, faculty of Industrial and civil construction, Kalmyk State University, Russia. Victor A. Onkaev, candidate of technical Sciences, associate Professor, engineering technology, faculty of Industrial and civil construction, Kalmyk State University, Russia. Submitted: December 15, 2013; Accepted: December 27, 2013; Published: December 28, 2013 In questo lavoro, date le caratteristiche animali da allevamento), richiedono grandi geologiche del acquiferi Kalmykia. riparazioni, non sono soggette a regolare Assunzioni considerate (pozzi, bacini) e gli pulizia e disinfezione [1,2,4,5,8 - 17]. indicatori di qualità dell'acqua potabile Le acque sotterranee nel paese, tranne (sanitaria - igienico e microbiologico). Maloderbetovsky, Sarpinsky Parole chiave: acque sotterranee Ketchenerovsky e le aree caratterizzate da Kalmykia Absheron orizzonte acquifero, elevata salinità (1,6-10,0 g / l), durezza Ergeninsky, North Caspian, Ciscaucasian totale (12,5-22 mEq / L), ad alto contenuto orientale, Azov - Kuban, bacini artesiani di cloruri, solfati di sodio, magnesio mineralizzazione. [1,2,4,5,9,10]. Aquifers svolgono un ruolo importante Dei campioni esaminati di fonti di acqua nella fornitura di acqua e un certo numero potabile decentrati (pozzi, bacino) non di città sono l'unica fonte di acqua per erano conformi alle norme sanitarie il 25% molte comunità rurali. Utilizzo delle acque del numero totale di campioni. Norme sotterranee richiede ulteriori indagini microbiologiche non hanno rispettato gli geologiche (tra cui la raffinatezza delle standard di 59,2%. risorse idriche sotterranee), i fondi per la La quota maggiore di campioni non costruzione di una zone di protezione standard per i parametri chimici notato nel assunzione di acqua e sistemi di trattamento quartiere Yashkul - 85,7%, in Elista - delle acque moderno, aggiornamenti o 69,2%, nelle terre vergini - 71,1%. nuove costruzioni reti idriche di Indicatori microbiologici contrassegnati distribuzione. 80% dei pozzi e la più situazione negativa in Iki Burulsky Area - comune nelle zone rurali (affiliazione 66,9% dei campioni non standard, nel dipartimentale della maggior parte dei pozzi quartiere di ottobre - il 100% in Yashkul - non è definita in precedenza sono stati 76,9%, in Chernozemelskiy - 50%, in costruiti a spese del Ministero delle Yustinsky - 91,6%, in Yashaltinsky - Politiche Agricole e utilizzati per bere con / 89,2%. Su richiesta Rospotrebnadzora Italian Science Review 5 condotto le riparazioni e la pulizia dei pozzi - Condotta ulteriori studi idrogeologici nel distretto Yashkul, chiuso cinque pozzi valutare forniture di acqua esistenti in in Yashaltinsky e 4 pozzi in aree Kalmykia; Ketchenerovsky. - Esplorazione scorte di acqua artesiana Il suo territorio è endemica per il basso (volumi, la possibilità di produzione e contenuto di oligoelementi nella copertura consegna alla popolazione); del suolo, e dei corpi idrici. Quindi, vi è un Studi Sanitari - chimico delle acque basso contenuto di fluoro nell'acqua sotterranee; potabile: 0,17 mg / l ad una velocità di 0,6- - Rendere tutte le fonti di stato delle 1,5 mg / l, Zinco - 0,1 mg / litro ad una acque degli impianti socialmente rilevanti; velocità di 3 mg / l Cobalt - 0,01 mg / l, con - Ulteriori studi su possibili effetti nocivi un tasso di livelli di base 0,1 mg / L non è di acqua contaminata sulla salute umana e stato studiato un certo numero di importanti animale; oligoelementi (selenio, litio, ecc). In zona - miglioramento della tecnologia di Chernozemelskiy, dove più di 14 milioni di trattamento delle acque, l' utilizzo di persone (2013), l'acqua sotterranea è tecnologie più avanzate di trattamento caratterizzata da elevati livelli di arsenico dell'acqua usando l' approvvigionamento (fino a 3 MAC), vi è una maggiore colore idrico centralizzato degli insediamenti; naturale delle acque. capacità di Software - produzione di Non rispettare le norme sanitarie e le quantità sufficienti di qualità dell'acqua norme per la presenza e la disposizione di potabile da giacenze esistenti per la vendita zone di protezione sanitaria (ZPS): fonti di al pubblico, al fine di soddisfare le esigenze acqua centralizzati - 48,2% da fonti di fisiologiche. superficie - 5 di 8. Fonti decentrate di acqua consumo di acqua specifica normativa, - il 66% non soddisfa i requisiti per la nella misura del miglioramento del sistemazione e la tutela degli indicatori di patrimonio edilizio dovrebbe raggiungere i qualità dell'acqua. 174 l / chel.sut. (consumo medio effettivo Negli ultimi anni c'è stato un di acqua - 76 litri / persona Giorno Al miglioramento della situazione relativa alla minimo -... 15 litri / persona D.). tutela delle prese d'acqua: effettuata la zona Idrogeologia delle acque sotterranee. Le di lavori di costruzione 1 BPC sulle fonti acque sotterranee Kalmykia ancora poco. sotterranee di acqua a Elista (prelievi Questa sezione descrive le condizioni Bayartinsky) in Maloderbetovsky, idrogeologiche del paese, presi in prestito Sarpinskiy, Ottobre, aree Ketchenerovsky dalla TI monografia Bakinova, NP padiglioni dislocati su pozzi restaurati Vorobevoj e E.A. Zelenskaya "Suoli della recinzione, illuminazione esterna, accesso Repubblica di Kalmykia" (Elista, 1999) cosparso di sentiero di ghiaia, il personale è [1,4,5,10-15]. dotato di comunicazioni mobili, per riparare Governo Kalmykia presta molta i locali. Raggiunto un accordo con la attenzione alla qualità e quantità delle acque Repubblica di Kalmykia Rosprirodnadzor: sotterranee, ma molte domande in questa problemi per la protezione delle fonti fase e non è stato risolto per motivi diversi. idriche di acqua potabile e ricreativi sono Nella repubblica ci sono organizzazioni inclusi nei termini degli accordi di licenza private impegnate nella perforazione di per l'uso di acqua, con una conclusione pozzi per l'acqua, scavare pozzi, ma non sanitario-epidemiologico preformata in sono autorizzati a svolgere tale lavoro. organi Rospotrebnadzora. Alcune piante agricole trattamento posa Tra le misure immediate per migliorare (n. Adyk Chernozemelsky District manager la situazione dell'acqua comprendono: V.A. Boldyrev), che sostanzialmente ripagano in 5-8 anni. Questo ritorno non permette ai manager di mettere molti Italian Science Review 6 impianti di depurazione (meglio lasciare di acqua miscelata predominano cloruro che la gente prende l'acqua da canali, solfato di sodio (mineralizzazione a 3 g / l), pozzi), e il costo di queste unità è superiore almeno bicarbonato di sodio, calcio a 0,5 mln. (almeno 3 mineralizzazione g / l). Modalità Idrogeologicamente Ceca è entro 4 descritto orizzonte instabile. Livello delle bacini artesiani (AB): Ergeninskogo, North acque sotterranee nelle diminuisce periodo Caspian, Ciscaucasus orientale e Azov - estivo-autunnale, la primavera - è Kuban. Zona di raccordo è elencato bacini aumentato. Ha alcun significato pratico, ma artesiani nel paese, che gli conferisce una in fattorie statali zona Tselinnyi ha operato identità unica e idrogeologico [6,7,17]. per irrigazione bestiame. Per quanto riguarda tutte le zone idro- Acquifero alluvionale è limitata agli AB sono lo scambio acqua lenta e passiva. impianti di Ergeni travi orientali e Previsione lo stoccaggio delle acque meridionali. Si trova ad una profondità di sotterranee nel paese, fatta impresa 0.4 a 20 m sotterranee salinità screziato. geologico "Kalmnefterazvedka", così come Nelle parti superiori e medie della la distribuzione di queste riserve di AB mineralizzazione travi non supera 0,4-3 g / sono riportati nella Tavolo 1. l. Ciò si spiega con le loro acque Ergeninsky AB si trova nella parte Ergeninskogo ricaricare la falda acquifera. occidentale della Kalmykia e prende collina Per abbassare raggiunge travi di falda Ergeninskuyu, copre la parte occidentale salinità è aumentata fino a 6 g / l. Per travi Ketchenerovsky e Sarpinsky aree, zone versante meridionale Ergeni partendo dalla centrali e settentrionali del quartiere e la parte superiore, caratterizzato da elevata città di Elista Vergine. salinità delle acque sotterranee. Questa In Ergeninskom idrogeologiche degli modalità è simile alla precedente orizzonte. acquiferi della zona comune e complessi Alimentari falde caratterizzati è dovuta alla quaternari, Neogene, Paleogene, Cretaceo e infiltrazione di precipitazione. Giurassico sistemi. Formazione sotterranee L' acquifero principale della zona è sedimenti quaternari avviene secondo descritta ergeninsky idrogeologico, scarse precipitazioni ed evaporazione, acquifero rocce - antiche sabbie alluvionali quindi acqua struttura di questi depositi del Pliocene età. Zona di ricarica degli dipende dalla composizione chimica del acquiferi si trova sul versante occidentale terriccio esposti a processi di lisciviazione. Ergeni (Don bacino idrografico), sul Nei pendii superiori delle colline e dove più versante orientale della collina all'orizzonte terriccio lavato, terra acqua salmastra e ulteriormente alimentato nelle valli fluviali. dolce
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