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Coral Zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America

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Coral Zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America Coral Zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1334 Coral Zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America By WILLIAM J. SANDO and E. WAYNE BAMBER U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1334 A biostratigraphic zonation of the Mississippian rocks of parts of the Western United States and Western Canada, based on corah UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1985 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Sando, William Jasper. Coral zonation of the Mississippian System in the Western Interior Province of North America. (Geological Survey professional paper; 1334) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1334 1. Corals, Fossil. 2. Paleontology The West Mississippian. 3. Paleontology Canada, Western Mississip­ pian. I. Bamber, E. W. II. Title. III. Series. QE778.S23 1984 563'.6'0978 84-600130 For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 CONTENTS Page Abstract _.___ ._______..__--___._.__.----___. ------- --. _- - -- ----- .~.~ .--- --- -- 1 Introduction ...........................................,................. ...--.....-- ----.- ------- -- 1 Acknowledgments ...........................................-........ .-....... - --- - ---. 2 Previous work ................................................-..-....-..... .-..-..... -... --- . 4 Procedure ..............................-..........-.............................- - --.------.- ----- 4 Definition of coral zones and subzones ...--........---.....-.... ......-.. --.....-.- ..---.--- 9 Influence of environment on zonation .........................-......--......--....-- - .. ---- 9 Description of Coral Zones I-VI -.....................................-.... ....---...---- ---. -----. 9 Applications of the coral zonation ______._.__._.._______- ._._. ---- -~~. ~ --~-~- . 14 Zonal taxa ......................................-.......-...........-..........-- ..---- - --- .- -----.. 14 Locality register .............................. -....---.............---... ... ..--- -. ------32 United States ............................................................ ... .. - 32 Canada ........................... ........................ ......---- ------.--- ----- -- --.44 References cited ........................................................... -... -- -- ---- -- -..56 ILLUSTRATIONS [Platesfollow references cited] PLATE 1. Acrocyathus, Amplexizaphrentis, Amplexocarinia, Amplexus, Ankhelasma, Aulostylus. 2. Barytichisma, Beaumontia, Canadiphyllum, Caninia, Guerichophyllum, Siphonophyllia. 3. Cleistopora, Clisiophyllum, Cyathaxonia, Dorlodotia?, "Diphyphyllum." 4. Duncanopora, Ekvasophyllum, Faberophyllum. 5. Hapsiphyllum, Koninckophyllum, Liardiphyllum, Siphonodendron. 6. Actinocyathus, Lophophyllum?, Metriophyllum, Siphonodendron. 1. Michelinia, Multithecopora, Neaxon?, Palaeacis, Petalaxis. 8. Pleurosiphonella, "Pseudodorlodotia," Rhopalolasma, Rotiphyllum, Schoenophyllum. 9. Sciophyllum, Stelechophyllum, Sychnoelasma, Syringopora. 10. "Thysanophyllum," Turbinatocaninia?, Vesiculophyllum, Zaphriphyllum. Page FIGURE 1. Map showing Mississippian coral localities in the Western Interior Province of Canada .............................................. 2 2. Map showing Mississippian coral localities in the Western Interior Province of the United States ................................ 3 3. Correlation chart comparing new Western Interior coral zonation with other coral zonations (since 1960) in the United States and Canada and with foraminifer and conodont zones .- .._.____.._.__-_____.______._______.___._.______.._____._________.__..____.______..__ 4 4. Chart showing composite ranges of coral taxa in the Western Interior Province of the United States, and foraminifer, cono­ dont, and coral zones in relation to North American Mississippian provincial series and western European Carboniferous stages ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 5. Chart showing composite ranges of coral taxa in the Western Interior Province of Canada, and foraminifer and coral zones in relation to North American Mississippian provincial series and western European Carboniferous stages. 6 6. Chart showing combined composite ranges of coral taxa in the Western Interior Province of the United States and Canada, and foraminifer, conodont, and coral zones in relation to North American Mississippian provincial series and western European stages ................. --.................................................................................................................... 7 7. Composite range chart in which coral taxa are arranged in ascending order of bases of ranges _.-- __.__.___ --_._.__-_-. __ 8 8. Distribution of Mississippian lithofacies with respect to biostratigraphic zonations and generalized environmental model 10 9. Lithofacies distribution and shallow-water habitat index (SWHI) of coral taxa ............................................................ 11 10. Chart showing correlation of Mississippian stratigraphic units in selected areas of the Western Interior Province of the United States and Canada by means of foraminifer, conodont, and coral zones __._.- ._____._._.__-_____._.._.._._____.___._________._________ 15 in CORAL ZONATION OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM IN THE WESTERN INTERIOR PROVINCE OF NORTH AMERICA By WILLIAM J. SANDO and E. WAYNE BAMBER' ABSTRACT Analysis of the distribution of coral taxa, principally genera and subgenera, in the Mississippian of the Western Interior Province of The widespread distribution of certain coral biofacies is Canada and the conterminous United States permits recognition of evidently the result of their free-swimming larval stage, a system of coral zones and subzones useful for correlating stratigraphic which in some modern corals may be as long as 2 months units throughout an area extending from the southwestern District (Sando, 1977b, p. 490). Within parts of North America, of Mackenzie in the Northwest Territories of Canada to southern California in the United States. The zonation comprises six Oppel the geochronometric resolution of Mississippian coral zones, four of which are divided into locally useful subzones. Coral zones compares favorably with that of zones based on Zone I corresponds approximately to the Kinderhookian Provincial foraminifers, conodonts, and cephalopods (Sando, 1977a, Series and is divided into Subzones A, B, and C. Coral Zone II cor­ p. 10; 1977b, p. 494), but corals, because of their greater responds approximately to the Osagean Provincial Series and is divided provinciality, are less useful than these more rapidly into Subzones A and B. The Tournaisian Stage of western Europe is represented by Coral Zones I and II. Coral Zone III corresponds ap­ and widely dispersed groups of fossils for detailed proximately to the lower and middle parts of the Meramecian Pro­ worldwide zonation and correlation. North American vincial Series and is divided into Subzones A, B, C, and D. Coral Zone Mississippian corals are more abundant and widely IV corresponds approximately to the upper part of the Meramecian distributed than conodonts and cephalopods in shallow- and is not divided. Coral Zone V corresponds approximately to the water carbonate facies, and they are more abundant and lower and middle parts of the Chesterian Provincial Series and is divid­ ed into Subzones A and B. Coral Zone VI corresponds approximately widely distributed than foraminifers in deep-water car­ to the upper part of the Chesterian and is not divided. The Visean bonate facies. Corals are more practical than Stage of western Europe is represented by Coral Zones III and IV and microfossils for field biostratigraphy because many taxa Subzone VA. The lower part of the Namurian Stage of western Europe useful for zonation can be identified with a hand lens, is represented by Coral Subzone VB and Zone VI. Deep-water and whereas microfossils can seldom be identified in the shallow-water coral biofacies are discussed and integrated into the zonation system. field. Corals are also less susceptible to destruction by The coral zones are correlated with foraminifer and conodont zones, recrystallization and dolomitization than are which provide the primary bases for establishing ranges of coral taxa. foraminifers. Forty-five coral genera and subgenera used in the zonation are diag­ Studies of the distribution of North American nosed, discussed, and illustrated. Correlations of Mississippian forma­ Mississippian corals (Sando, Bamber, and Armstrong, tions in the Western United States and Western Canada are presented as examples of the utility of the coral zonation. 1975,1977) indicated high degrees of similarity between the coral faunas of western Canada and those of the con­ terminous western United States throughout Mississip­ pian time, owing to continuity of shallow-water en­ vironments conducive to gene flow. These studies led to recognition of a large zoogeographic province, the INTRODUCTION Western Interior Province, which includes the southwesternmost District of Mackenzie, northeastern Although planktonic and nektonic groups such as and southeastern British Columbia, western and conodonts and cephalopods are generally regarded
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