DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction Conquest and Defeat: Legacy and Literature 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction Conquest and Defeat: Legacy and Literature 1 NOTES Introduction Conquest and Defeat: Legacy and Literature 1 . On the myth and legend surrounding the invasion, particularly the devel- opment of this narrative, see Drayson 2007 and Grieve 2009. Grieve also provides a clear summary of the different versions of the conquest in early chronicle accounts (38–45). Lewis notes that in the case of La Cava, his- torical sources are “problematic” but for Count Julian there is a “high probability that he was a real person” (2008, 120). 2 . Collins describes the nature of the conquest in the following terms: “The initial conquest was territorially comprehensive, though depending on a patchwork mixture of garrisons and local treaties. The imperative for fur- ther gain led to the extension of conquest across the Pyrenees and on into Provence and Aquitaine. This was halted and then reversed thanks to a mixture of increasingly resilient opposition and the revolt of the Berbers in Ifr ī qiya and then in al-Andalus itself” (2014, 23). 3 . On these conquests, see Ladero Quesada 2006, 17 and O’Callaghan 1975, 100. 4 . Lomax describes it as “an ideal invented by Spanish Christians soon after 711,” preserved as a historiographical tradition, which has also become “an object of nostalgia and a rhetorical clich é of traditionalist and communist publicists” (1978, 1–2). For Burns, “the very term Reconquest . has prob- ably outlived its usefulness, except as the medieval canonists’ synonym and justification for crusade against Islam in the East as in the West” (1979, 242). O’Callaghan refers to it as “not a static concept brought to perfec- tion in the ninth century, but rather one that evolved and was shaped by the influences of successive generations” (2003, 3–4). For Ladero Quesada “la idea de reconquista no se puede aceptar hoy de manera tan simple y escueta” (2006, 13). 5 . The term “literature of conquest” is usually reserved for those works which describe conquest from the perspective of the victors / conquerors whereas in the case of medieval Spain I use it to designate literary texts dealing with the Islamic invasion of 711. I do not use this term therefore as a generic category, but as an indicative description of thematic content, alongside the notion of “literature of reconquest.” The term “literature of defeat” is 192 NOTES used as a generic category by Moorman to describe literature which “has its origins in the refusal of a defeated people to submit in its heart to recon- struction, to approve the new mores, to find common cause with its con- queror, in the terms of recent history, to collaborate” (1990, 31). Quint’s study of Epic and Empire (1993) is an extremely useful means of considering literature of conquest and defeat as separate categories; he discusses epic literature in terms of the poems and perspectives of the winners and los- ers and so forms a contrast between two political traditions: the Virgilian epics of conquest and empire and the epic of the defeated and of republican liberty, epitomized by Lucan’s Pharsalia , Ercilla’s Araucana , and d’Aubign é ’s Les tragiques . In the former, historical narrative is linear and teleological and, in the latter, it is open-ended and identified with romance. The term “conquest narratives” is often applied in the context of Spanish literature to the chronicles of the Spanish conquerors of the New World; for the use of such a term see, for example, Sears 1998. 6 . I choose not to include the Romancero viejo in this study, obvious a source as it is for relationships between Christians and Moors and representations of conquest, owing to the vast amount of scholarship, much of it excel- lent, that already exists on the topic. See, for example, the classic article by Angus MacKay, “The Ballad and the Frontier in Late Medieval Spain” (1976) and the recent book by Yiacoup, Frontier Memory: Cultural Conflict and Exchange in the ‘Romancero fronterizo’ (2013). 7 . The Libro de buen amor refers in its Prologue to the “ ç ela de la memoria” (line 22; Gybbon-Monypenny 1988, 106) 8 . Recent scholarship draws attention to the poem’s hybrid generic status; see, for example, Bailey 1993 and West 1983. 9 . As Barkai notes, in the context of medieval Spanish historiography, “a veces se hallan expresiones de la mentalidad popular tambi é n en las fuentes de los ilustrados, ya sea aparezcan como de paso o que fueron transmitidas explí citamente como s í mbolo de una expresi ó n popular” (2007, 15). 10 . See also Ruiz’s earlier article “Fronteras: de la comunidad a la nació n en la Castilla bajomedieval” in which he argues that the development of ideas of sovereignty, national frontiers and a national space in late medi- eval and early modern Castile was linked to the emergence of territorial boundaries and the ordering of physical space at a more local level in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries (1997). 11 . For an excellent summary of scholarship on the Granadan frontier, see Rodrí guez Molina 2007, 9–11. 12 . Pick notes, for example, that “There are problems with this multiplica- tion of meanings for the word ‘frontier’ . By defining a frontier vari- ously as ‘a line, a moving zone, a static region, a kind of society, a process of character formation, an abundance of land’, and so forth, the concept of a frontier becomes less useful as a way of understanding difference—if difference is everywhere, it is, in a sense, nowhere” (2004, 24). Huizinga (1955) serves as an ever-useful reminder of the capacity of the medieval imagination. NOTES 193 13 . Daniel ardently argued that Western attitudes toward Islam in the mod- ern era were formed in the Middle Ages (1958), a posture he continued in later work (1975, 2). More recently, Akbari (2009) relates premodern ideas of the Orient with Orientalist types still common in present-day depict ions of Musl im s. Flesler (20 08) arg ues that contemporar y Moroccan immigration to Spain is connected with the fact that the Moroccans are characterized as Moors and, as such, identified with the Arab and Berber Muslims who colonized Iberia in 711, awakening “historical ghosts related to their invading and threatening character” (3). For a historical overview of Western attitudes toward Islam, see the classic studies by Daniel 1958 and Southern 1962. 14 . For a discussion of the origins of the term convivencia in Mené ndez Pidal and Am é rico Castro, see Glick 1992, 1–2. 15 . For an overview of scholarship on Islam and the Arabs in Spain from the sixteenth century onward, see Monroe 1970. A more recent assessment of scholarship on Western views of Islam, including those from Spain, since the1960s can be found in Blanks and Frassetto 1999, 37–38. 16 . Earlier literary accounts are dismissed as “de gran parquedad” (21). 17 . Carrasco Urgoiti’s choice of texts for the fifteenth century covers the Romancero fronterizo , Juan de Mena’s Laberinto de Fortuna (briefly), the ser- ranillas , and the work of Juan de la Encina. Mar í a Rosa Lida de Malkiel’s review article notes that Don Juan Manuel is a glaring omission, given that he “pertenece al ‘clima’ de frontera . porque en sus tiempos merma considerablemente el í mpetu de la Reconquista, en parte por la turbulen- cia de magnates que, como é l mismo, anduvieron en tratos má s cordiales con el rey de Granada que con el de Castilla” (1960, 355). 18 . This work is a recopilation of articles covering the representation of the Moor in a range of mainly Golden Age literary contexts, including Cervantes and the Comedia , with some reference also to the Romantic period and beyond. 19 . While not directly relevant to this study, Albert Mas’s early and wide- ranging study of the Turk in Spanish literature of the Golden Age (1967) deserves acknowledgment. 1 Dominion and Dynasty in the Estoria de España 1 . The earliest accounts include the Cr ó nica moz á rabe de 754 (L ó pez Pereira 1980); History of the Conquest of Spain by the Egyptian Ibn Abd-el-Hakem (c. 870); and Cronica del moro Rasis (Catal á n and de Andr é s 1974), an anony- mous Spanish version of a lost Arabic text, Ajbar Muluk al-Andalus , written by the Andalusian historian al-Razi in the mid-tenth century. 2 . Chronicon mundi is a world chronicle in the tradition of Isidore of Seville which employed a variety of Latin histories, and popular epic legends, to describe the time of the Muslim invasion of 711 to the recapture of C ó rdoba in 1236. See edition by Falque Rey 2003. Jim é nez de Rada’s De 194 NOTES rebus Hispaniae borrowed heavily from Lucas’s work and traced Spanish his- tory from Genesis down to the conquest of Có rdoba. His Historia Arabum covers the Muslim conquest of Iberia through to the arrival of the North African Almoravids in terms that show acquaintance with Arabic lan- guage, history, and culture. 3 . The edition of the Estoria used here is the Primera cró nica general by Men é ndez Pidal (see Alfonso el Sabio 1955); page numbers will henceforth be provided. 4 . Alfonso’s sources for the episode are primarily De rebus Hispanie (1243), Chronicon mundi (1236), and Chronicon sive Chronographia by Sigebert of Gembloux (1111). The story was also diffused in the Cr ó nica moz á rabe de 754 ; History of the Conquest of Spain by Abd-el-Hakem (c. 870), and Cronica del moro Rasis . 5 . Jim é nez de Rada, in De rebus , mentions the possible marriage to the king that never comes about, “Qua legatione pendente rex Rodericus filiam eius, de qua diximus, uiolenter opresit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Valencia Region, Spain. Healthy Aging Magazine Article As
    THE PREMIER LIFESTYLE MAGAZINE FOR ALL AGES HEALTHYAGING® LESLEY STAHL— GRANDMA! NEW HEALTHY COOKBOOKS FOR FALL ACTIVE VACATION IDEA—VALENCIA REGION, SPAIN BRAIN BLIPS TO BEAT CRUISING 2018 WHAT’S NEW? WHAT’S UP WITH GLUTEN-FREE? FALL 2017 www.healthyaging.net VALENCIA REGION “THE ORCHARD OF SPAIN” IS RIPE FOR ACTIVE TRAVELERS By Carolyn Worthington and David Chauner Recently, Carolyn Worthington, editor-in-chief of Healthy Aging® Magazine had the opportunity to Cycling-friendly region visit the Region of Valencia, Spain to learn about the active travel options there. Her experiences, of Valencia, Spain. recommendations and insider tips for what not to miss in the Region of Valencia, Spain appear here, as a five-part Healthy Aging® website series and on the Healthy Aging® Magazine YouTube Channel. Valencia Tourism Valencia 42 WWW.HEALTHYAGING.NET FALL 2017 FALL 2017 WWW.HEALTHYAGING.NET 43 When you think of The Region of Valencia, Spain, images of oranges and paella may first come to mind. And why not? The Region of Valencia bears the mantle “the Orchard of Spain” because more oranges are grown here than any- El Mesón del Pastor del Mesón El Crujiente de manitas de cerdo con ceps where else in Spain. Since the Moors introduced rice to the area (crispy pork with mushrooms appetizer). more than 1,200 years ago, Valencia has the additional honor of being the birthplace of paella, a rice dish made of chicken, rabbit, and vegetables but no sausage! (More on that factoid later.) The Valencia region is, however, much, much more than rice and oranges, as delicious as they are.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction Local History, Spanish History, Jewish History This book focuses on the final century of the history of the Jewish community of Morvedre, a town located in the kingdom of Valencia, itself part of the fed- erated Crown of Aragon. The story of the Jews of Morvedre begins in 1248, with Jewish settlers’ convergence on the town in the wake of King Jaume I’s conquest of the region from the Muslims. The story ends as do all histories of the Jews of medieval Spain: with the Jews abandoning their homes and de- parting for new lands in the summer of 1492, in compliance with the edict of expulsion.1 Morvedre’s old Jewish quarter still stands in mute testimony to the Jews’ previous existence and exile. The town itself, however, is no longer called Morvedre but Sagunto. In 1868 it reverted to a form of its old Roman name, Saguntum, as if to draw attention to its Roman antiquity at the expense of its medieval past, when the town was peopled by Muslims and Jews. Indeed, while the stark and magnificent Roman arena readily brings the town’s ancient glo- ries to mind, the rather ordinary architecture of the former Jewish quarter can almost make one forget that Jews ever lived there at all. Yet for a historian intent on recovering the Jews of medieval Morvedre from oblivion, the narrow streets of the Jewish quarter do resound with Jewish voices—or at least they can be made to do so through careful archival recon- struction and with a healthy dose of imagination.
    [Show full text]
  • Guia Valencia En.Pdf
    Valencia "An authentic garden, with prosperous buildings, to my eye it´s quite the best I've seen." Lope de Vega www.comunitatvalenciana.com VALENCIA The key to Valencia - clues to discovering an unusual city 04 Valencia. 05 Between blue and green 08 Open city 12 A history to tell 18 The future is already here 19 Science Non-fiction 20 Sea road - City of Arts and Sciences 27 Port and the Juan Carlos I Royal Marina 29 Western horizon 30 Cities within the city 38 Itinerary 38 1. Way of the river 44 2. River of the 20th century 50 3. Valencia of the sea 56 4. Foundations of the city 64 5. Commercial city 70 6. Outward expansion 74 7. Modernist expansion 80 8. A nature park 86 Culture is capital 87 Museums of Valencia 90 Always on the go 92 More than just rice 96 Sleepless hours 98 A city for sports 100 Design and avant-garde 101 City shopping spree 102 Getaways - From sea to mountains 104 Fiestas and traditions 110 Directory of Museums in Valencia 114 Directory of Monuments in Valencia 116 Practical Information Author: Francisco Pérez Puche Valencia 04 Between blue and green - Valencia The city both new and classic: incredibly futuristic yet always urbane Terracotta, white and sienna; spires and cobalt blue cupolas. It is the third largest city in Spain. A surprising city, an unexpected city, which in the first years of the new millevnnium has become fashionable to visit. This is the Valencia of videos, of trencadis, of digital temptation. Synonymous with all that is modern, the new taste that innovative chefs are equivalent to what is unusual, it can all be found awakening.
    [Show full text]
  • Litigating Women in the City of Valencia, 1550-1600
    Taking it to Court: Litigating Women in the City of Valencia, 1550-1600 Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Gonzales, Cynthia Ann Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 09:58:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195894 TAKING IT TO COURT: LITIGATING WOMEN IN THE CITY OF VALENCIA, 1550-1600 by Cynthia Ann Gonzales _____________________ Copyright © Cynthia Ann Gonzales A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2008 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Cynthia Ann Gonzales entitled “Taking it to Court: Litigating Women in the City of Valencia, 1550-1600” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 2/22/2008 Helen Nader _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 2/22/2008 Susan Karant-Nunn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 2/22/2008 Alison Futrell Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Paterna Ceramics in Mudéjar Spain
    McSweeney, Anna (2012) The Green and the Brown: A Study of Paterna Ceramics in Mudéjar, Spain. PhD Thesis, SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies) http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13631 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Anna McSweeney THE GREEN AND THE BROWN: A STUDY OF PATERNA CERAMICS IN MUDÉJAR SPAIN Volume 1 (Text) SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PhD THESIS 2012 1 DECLARATION I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Idea of Friendship in the Literary, Historical and Legal Works of Alfonso X of Castile (1252-1284)
    1 The Idea of Friendship in the Literary, Historical and Legal Works of Alfonso X of Castile (1252-1284) Submitted by Antonella Liuzzo Scorpo, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Studies, March 2009. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Antonella Liuzzo Scorpo........... .... .......................................................................... 2 Abstract This research project explores an area which had been touched only tangentially, being a comparative analysis of the idea and interpretations of friendship which emerge from the three vernacular collections attributed to the supervision of King Alfonso X of Castile (1252-1284): namely the Marian songs Cantigas de Santa María , the law code known as the Siete Partidas and the chronicle Estoria de España . These sources have been examined by adopting a thematic approach which has highlighted the existence of categories such as spiritual, religious and political friendships, as well as other forms of amicable relationships, including those between representatives of different religious, ethnic and social groups. Additionally, this study demonstrates that there was a conscious adoption
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Socio-Cultural Consequences of Changing Political Rule on Human and Faunal Diets in Medieval Valencia (C
    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00810-x ORIGINAL PAPER Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes Michelle M. Alexander1 & Alejandra Gutiérrez2 & Andrew R. Millard2 & Michael P. Richards3 & Christopher M. Gerrard2 Received: 26 July 2018 /Accepted: 12 February 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract This paper explores the impact of changing religious political rule on subsistence within a single city through time using stable isotope analysis of human and animal bone collagen. The diet and economy of the medieval city of Valencia (Spain) are examined over a 1000-year period during successive periods of Visigothic, Muslim and Christian rule. Bulk stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) was carried out on 67 humans and 47 animals sampled from several archaeological sites dating between the fifth and fifteenth centuries AD. Terrestrial C3 resources dominated the diet in all periods. However, an increase in consumption of C4 plants (e.g. millet, sorghum) and/or marine resources is detected among individuals dating to the Islamic period. Differences in the isotopic values of humans and animals between the three periods indicate a significant dietary diversity during the Islamic phases (eleventh to thirteenth century), compared with the earlier Visigothic phase (fifth–seventh century) and the later Christian phase (fourteenth and fifteenth century). Observed diachronic changes in isotopic results provide evidence for a shift in diet and subsistence, particularlyduringtheMuslimandlaterChristianperiods. This is linked with change in population and economic focus.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander at Al 2019 Medieval Valencia Diet Isotopes
    This is a repository copy of Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/143483/ Version: Published Version Article: Alexander, Michelle Marie orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-3639, Gutiérrez, Alejandra, Millard, Andrew et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. pp. 3875-3893. ISSN 1866-9565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00810-x Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00810-x ORIGINAL PAPER Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes Michelle M.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism and the Science of History in the Representation of the Valencian Past
    BHS, LXXV (1998) Nationalism and the Science of History in the Representation of the Valencian Past PEDRO RUIZ TORRES Universitat de València Modern historiography and nationalism are closely connected to one another. Both had their origins in the final decades of the eighteenth century and were fostered by the same process of far-reaching intellectual change which led to the emergence of a radically new way of thinking about the world and participating in it. It was this change that brought us the unquestionably modern concepts which we still use to perceive and interpret events to this day. The way the nation thought of itself began to change as the dynastic kingdoms and ideas based on religion went into decline. The nation as an entity linked to the person of the monarch was replaced by an abstract concept which—recalling the words of Benedict Anderson—breathed life into an imagined political community, inherently limited and sovereign. ‘Imagined’ because the members of that community would never meet the majority of their fellow countrymen, yet they never gave up their conception of something fundamental—traditions, a language, civilization, culture—that bound them fraternally into a ‘political community’. Such a political community was ‘limited’ and ‘sovereign’ because it had borders, beyond which lay other nations, while its identity was expressed through * This paper results from work undertaken as part of the Research Project PB 93— 0358–C02-01, financed by the DGICYT. The most important work to illustrate this change is without doubt the dictionary of basic historical concepts, published in seven volumes, from 1972: O.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/28/2021 08:11:37AM Via Free Access Mi Padre Moro, Yo Moro 305
    304 García-arenal Chapter 11 Mi padre moro, yo moro: The Inheritance of Belief in Early Modern Iberia1 Mercedes García-Arenal The period of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries was a time of crisis and paradigm shift in wide-ranging areas of cultural, intellectual and spiritual life throughout Europe, as a long century of religious strife ended in a stalemate between Catholics and Lutherans, but also with the consolidation of numerous sects among the followers of the Sola scriptura.2 By the mid-six- teenth century, the fiercest moments of the struggle between Lutheran reformers and orthodox Catholics had passed. Luther had blazed a trail in his criticism of the Church’s authority and once that authority had been chal- lenged, a need arose to seek out a criterion for truth.3 This crisis also affected Spain, and its manifestations were juxtaposed along- side the long-running problem caused by the mass conversions of Jews and Muslims in the early sixteenth century and by the continued existence of sig- nificant, identifiable groups of Converso origin. These groups of ‘new converts’ meant that Iberian Catholics became ‘Old Christians’. As a result, Iberia was to witness phenomena of great interest such as reactions of a relativist, compara- tivist or even skeptical nature, inextricably linked to dissimulation and doubt.4 1 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) / ERC Grant Agreement number 323316, CORPI project ‘Conversion, Overlapping Religiosities, Polemics, Interaction. Early Modern Iberia and Beyond’.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Et Al 2019 Valencia
    This is a repository copy of Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/143483/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Alexander, Michelle Marie orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-3639, Gutiérrez, Alejandra, Millard, Andrew et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. fifth–fifteenth century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. pp. 3875-3893. ISSN 1866-9565 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00810-x Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Economic and socio-cultural consequences of changing political rule on human and faunal diets in medieval Valencia (c. 5th-15th century AD) as evidenced by stable isotopes Authors Michelle M.
    [Show full text]
  • Singing Boundaries: Toward an Understanding Of
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: SINGING BOUNDARIES: TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF VOCALITY AND THE PERFORMANCE OF IDENTITIES IN THE CAT VALECIÀ D’ESTIL Carles A. Pitarch Alfonso, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Directed By: Professor Robert C. Provine Division of Musicology and Ethnomusicology School of Music, University of Maryland, College Park The cant valencià or cant valencià d’estil of Valencia is one of the four main living monodic expressive song traditions of Spain. Comprised of non-metric cant d’estil and metric albaes songs mostly used in street serenades, it features a distinctive vocality characterized by a highly-projected, clear, inflected, and flexible voice as well as two melodic styles, of which the more ornamented cant requintat developed at the turn of the twentieth century. I take a historical, theoretical, and ethnographic approach to this Valencian vocal genre and explore the ways in which vocality can help us to understand it better. After examining the origins of the cant valencià and the antiquarian, journalistic, folkloristic, and (ethno)musicological approaches to it, I probe the notion of vocality in a transdisciplinary way: drawing on ethnomusicological theory, anthropology, folklore, semiotics, and other disciplines I show its significance for the development of a musical anthropology of the voice productively based on the ethnographic exploration of the iconicity of style and of two sets of central vocal issues: on the one hand, identity, gender, authority, and sonic histories and geographies; on the other, acoustemology, interpellation, and transcendence. Vocality not only expands usefully the scope of vocal or singing style by encompassing larger bodily-dependent traits of the human voice as central or salient means of aesthetic and ethical production of meanings, but also acknowledges its pre- eminent position in the hierarchy of musical values, since the material/textural qualities of (vocal) sounds iconically shape our first sonorous perceptions and identifications and are thus paramount for communication.
    [Show full text]