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Case Study of Nizar Taluka of Tapi District, Gujarat, India

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Case Study of Nizar Taluka of Tapi District, Gujarat, India 12th Esri India User Conference 2011 APPRAISAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES OF A BACKWARD TALUKA ON GIS PLATFORM – CASE STUDY OF NIZAR TALUKA OF TAPI DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA Himanshu Chandra 1, B.K. Patel 2 1 Sr.Urban Planner & GIS Analyst, Design Point Consult Pvt. Ltd., Surat Gujarat 2Director, Design Point Consult Pvt. Ltd., Surat Gujarat Address: Address: 607-610, B-wing, Tirupati Plaza, Nanpura, Surat,-395001, Gujarat, India Abstract: About the Author: Backwardness is a relative concept and differs from time, space and nature. The problem of regional balance and of backwardness has attracted the attention of planners, academicians and decision makers. Nizar Taluka of Tapi district is one of the most underdeveloped tribal dominated sub region already identified by state government. The main objectives of the study are to analyze the infrastructure gap at the Taluka level and MR. HIMANSHU CHANDRA, M.Planning (Urban & provide data base for various departments concerned with Regional), M.A. (Geography) the development of the area to facilitate implementation Mr.Himanshu Chandra, Sr. Urban Planner & GIS of the Geo Spatial Plan. The physical, socio economic Analyst, Design Point Consult Pvt. Ltd, Gujarat, India infrastructure covering health, education, safe drinking is a qualified Urban Planner and GIS Expert. He has water, road connectivity and employment generation are more than 6 years of professional experience and the main determinants of Geo Spatial blue print for the completed several landmark projects in the field of study area, to meet the goal set for the uplifment of the urban planning, infrastructure development, town backward tribal region. The study also focused on planning and Expertise in application of GIS and GIS preparation of a sustainable Taluka Development plan to Modeling in Infrastructure projects especially in achieve Millennium Development Goals and Human Index Urban, Regional and Transport planning. as per UNDP by analyzing the hierarchical settlements at E mail ID: [email protected] Villages/Towns level and to find out the infrastructural gap and co-coordinating the various Government schemes for proper channelizing the utilization of available funds and Contact No: +91 – 9967037323 finally to reduce the poverty/ backwardness of the region and to uplift of the livelihood of the villagers. STD Code 0261-2464602 Page 1 of 8 12th Esri India User Conference 2011 Introduction: The problem of backwardness has attracted the attention of planners, academicians and decision makers. Nizar Taluka of Tapi district is one of the most underdeveloped tribal dominated sub region already identified by state government. The study focused on preparation of a sustainable Taluka Development plan to achieve Millennium Development Goals and Human Index as per UNDP by analyzing the hierarchical settlements at Villages/Towns level and to find out the infrastructural gap and co-coordinating the various Government schemes for proper channelizing the utilization of available funds and finally to reduce the poverty/ backwardness of the region and to uplift of the livelihood of the villagers. Rural development implies both the economic betterment of people as well as greater social transformation. In order to provide the rural people with better prospects for economic development, increased participation of people in the rural development programmes, decentralization of planning, better enforcement of land reforms and greater access to credit are envisaged. Keeping in view the needs and aspirations of the local people, Panchayati Raj Institutions have been involved in the programme implementation and these institutions constitute the core of decentralized development of planning and its implementations. On 27th September 2007, the district of Surat was bifurcated into two new districts, viz. Surat district with its headquarter at Surat and Tapi district with its headquarter at Vyara. The newly constituted Tapi district consists of five talukas viz. Vyara, Songadh, Uchchal, Nizar and Valod. Tapi district with a population of 661739 as per 2001 with 69206 populations below poverty line which is almost 11%.while Nizar, Uchhal, and Songadh dominance with Tribal population declared as Tribal region of this district. The rural development is conceived as a dynamic process directed towards transforming an entire society enmeshing together its economic, social political and administrative aspects for an all around balanced and upward change. Table 1 Demographic details of Tapi district S.T. Population BPL Family BPL Family Literacy S.T. Population Taluka Population (in %) (in %) Literacy (in %) Population (in %) NIZAR 105385 15.93 20297 29.33 45013 13.25 83843 14.15 UCHHAL 36827 5.57 10095 14.59 27402 8.06 71084 12.00 SONGADH 181839 27.48 12528 18.10 82047 24.15 164392 27.75 VYARA 249810 37.75 19025 27.49 136884 40.28 208916 35.27 VALOD 87878 13.28 7261 10.49 48453 14.26 64120 10.82 TAPI DISTRICT 661739 100.00 69206 100.00 339799 100.00 592355 100.00 Concept of Backwardness : Page 2 of 8 12th Esri India User Conference 2011 Backwardness is relative, multi-dimensional, and perceptional. It differs in time, space and nature. Also, it refers to spatial as well as structural disparity. Hence, because of its complex characteristics, there is no universally agreed definition or measurement technique of backwardness. In the modern world, governments make huge investment in development projects and regulate development. Hence, their policies leave considerable impact on the nature and degree of social and spatial inequalities. Nevertheless, the free play of market forces favors the polarization of economic growth at certain favorable locations, resulting in regional inequalities in development. The backwardness of a place and that of the people living there get impacted upon each other. This is so because the people and places are inter-woven in symbiotic relationship. All parts of a country are not equally endowed with rich natural and human resources. Resource-rich areas leave behind their poor counterparts on the path of development. Gradually the gap widens and as a result disadvantaged places and people conscious of the widening gap, demand the measure the mitigate disparity. To identify the backwardness index parameters are subdivided into four categories and analysis in GIS platform using Arc GIS 10. (i) Demographic Indicators (ii) Social Indicators (iii) Economic Indicators (iv) Infrastructure Indicators Table 1 Backwardness Index of Nizar Taluka Index Weightage No of Ranking % Backwardness Name of the Villages Villages >120 9 1 17.65 Extreme Umja, Chokiamli, Boarikuva, Kevadamoi, Chiramatti, Metawal, Methpur, Zumkadi, Sahatole 100-120 20 2 39.22 Moderate <100 22 3 43.14 Low Total 51 Fig: 1 – Location of Extreme Backward villages in Nizar Taluka Page 3 of 8 12th Esri India User Conference 2011 Settlement Hierarchy : A settlement hierarchy is a way of arranging settlements into a hierarchy based upon their population or some other criteria. The greater the population in a settlement, the larger geographic area, the higher the status and the greater the availability of services. Position in a settlement hierarchy can also depend on the sphere of influence. Planning and Development of rural Settlements: These have been divided into following categories: (i) Growth Centres (ii) Growth Points (iii) Basic Villages A growth centres will serve an area between 200 and 300 sq km and 1.5 lakh to 2 lakh population. These centres being of higher order will naturally perform higher order functions and activities, mainly of non-agriculture nature, with all centralized amenities and facilities in the field of education, medical, public heath, wholesale and retail shoppings, civic, cultural and recreational facilities including organized industrial estates. These centres should have the following facilities: (i) Shopping on a bigger scale, mandi (collecting and distributing centre); (ii) Post office with telegraph facilities; (iii) Primary, middle and higher secondary schools, colleges; (iv) Dispensary / Hospital; (v) Office of P.W.D., irrigation departments, state governments and municipalities; (vi) Police station or police post; (vii) Banks; (viii) Cinema / community hall with auditorium; (ix) Library with reading room facilities / club ; (x) Parks / play grounds; (xi) Bus terminals connecting the growth points, and district centre with major roads; Growth Point will serve a radius of 3 to 4 km, with an area of about 50 to 80 sq km and a projected population between 20,000 and 40,000. All the growth points will have a mixed primary and secondary economy and will provide following service facilities for the basic villages; (i) Shopping on a medium scale; (ii) Post / telegraph office; (iii) Primary, middle and higher secondary school; (iv) Library / club and adult education centre; (v) Seed / grain / fertilizer storage; (vi) Cooperative societies management office; (vii) Police post / police station; (viii) Veterinary centre / veterinary hospitals; (ix) Community workshop for repair and house hold industries and work centre; (x) Primary health centre / dispensary ; (xi) Access roads from the growth points to the basic villages; (xii) Playgrounds/gathering places/religious places; (xiii) Drinking water ; (xiv) Electricity; From the existing demographic pattern and location of higher order socio economic facilities, it’s observed that the settlement hierarchy already established the Nizar Taluka. Planner’s job in the above context is to
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