Christiane Taubira
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Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law
ADVISORY SERVICE ON INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND SIMILAR BODIES ON INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW (25 January 2021) NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND SIMILAR BODIES ON INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW As of 25 January 2021 (total by region) EUROPE CENTRAL ASIA ASIA & PACIFIC THE AMERICAS AFRICA MIDDLE EAST Austria Kazakhstan Australia Argentina Algeria Bahrain Belarus Kyrgyzstan Bangladesh Bolivia Benin Egypt Belgium Tajikistan China (People’s Republic of) Brazil Botswana Iran (Islamic Republic of) Bulgaria Turkmenistan Cook Islands Canada Burkina Faso Iraq Croatia Indonesia Chile Cabo Verde Jordan Cyprus Japan Colombia Comoros Kuwait Czech Republic Kiribati Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Lebanon Denmark Malaysia Dominican Republic Eswatini Oman Finland Mongolia1* El Salvador Gambia Palestine France Nepal Ecuador Guinea-Bissau Qatar Georgia New Zealand Guatemala Kenya Saudi Arabia Germany Papua New Guinea Honduras Lesotho Syrian Arab Republic Greece Philippines Mexico Liberia United Arab Emirates Hungary Republic of Korea (the) Nicaragua Libya Yemen Iceland Samoa Panama Madagascar Ireland Sri Lanka Paraguay Malawi Italy (two committees) Vanuatu Peru Mauritius Lithuania Trinidad & Tobago Morocco Netherlands Uruguay Namibia Republic of North Macedonia Venezuela Niger Poland (two committees) Nigeria Republic of Moldova Senegal Romania Seychelles Slovakia Sierra Leone Slovenia South Africa Spain Sudan Sweden (two committees) Togo Switzerland Tunisia Ukraine Uganda United Kingdom Zambia Zimbabwe TOTAL: 30 TOTAL: 4 TOTAL: 17 TOTAL: -
France 2014 Human Rights Report
FRANCE 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY France is a multi-party constitutional democracy. The president of the republic is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. Voters elected Francois Hollande to that position in 2012. The upper house (Senate) of the bicameral parliament is elected indirectly through an electoral college, while the public elects the lower house (National Assembly) directly. The 2012 presidential and National Assembly elections and the 2014 elections for the Senate were considered free and fair. Authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. The most significant human rights problems during the year included an increasing number of anti-Semitic incidents. Anti-Semitic incidents and violence surged during the summer in connection with public protests against Israeli actions in Gaza. Government evictions of Roma from illegal camps, as well as overcrowded and unhygienic prisons, and problems in the judicial system, including lengthy pretrial detention and protracted investigations and trials, continued. Other reported human rights problems included instances of excessive use of force by police, societal violence against women, anti-Muslim incidents, and trafficking in persons. The government took steps to prosecute and punish security forces and other officials who committed abuses. Impunity was not widespread. Note: The country includes 11 overseas administrative divisions covered in this report. Four overseas territories in French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and La Reunion have the same political status as the 22 metropolitan regions and 101 departments on the mainland. Five divisions are overseas “collectivities”: French Polynesia, Saint-Barthelemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and Wallis and Futuna. -
French Guiana Official Title: France General Information
French Guiana Official Title: France General Information: Capital Cayenne (national: Paris) Population (million) n/a Total Area 91,000 km² Currency 1 CAN$=0.651 EURO (EUR) (2020 - Annual average) National Holiday 14 July (1789 Taking of the Bastille) Language(s) French Political Information: Type of State Overseas Department & Region of the French Re Type of Government French Guiana, as part of France, is also part of the European Union. French Guiana has 2 seats at the National Assembly and 1 seat to the Senate in Paris. French regions do not have legislative autonomy nor can they issue régulations. They do levy their own distinct taxes. French Guiana elects on regional/departemental level 2 councils with diverging powers. The Regional Council has 34 members, elected for a 6 year term by proportional representation. Bilateral Product trade The General Council has 19 members elected for a 6 year term in single seat-constituencies. Canada - French Guiana Head of State Head of Government (President of France) Rep. (Prime Minister of France) Rep. Ange Mancini Ange Mancini Ministers: Foreign Affairs: Philipe Douste-Blazy State affairs: Nicholas Sarkozy 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Statistics Canada Main Political Parties Local political parties: Guianese Democratic Action (ADG), Guianese Socialist Party (PSG); Canadian Imports Guiana Democratic Forces (FDG); Popular National Guianese Party (PNPG); Walwari Committee. from: French Guiana Elections: Lastn/a in 2004. Next in 2010. 2020 Economic Information: (2020) IMF (estimates) Statistics Canada -
Fundamental Rights: Challenges and Achievements in 2014
Acronyms ECHR European Convention on Human Rights CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU is also used for the time predating the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2009) ANNUAL REPORT EASO European Asylum Support Office ECRI European Commission against Racism 2014 and Intolerance ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EDPS European Data Protection Supervisor ESIF European Structural and Investment Funds EU European Union EU-MIDIS European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey FRA European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights FRANET Network of Legal and Social Science Experts (FRA) LGBT Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender NHRI National Human Rights Institute NGO Non-governmental organisation OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe TEU Treaty on European Union TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the EU UN United Nations Fundamental rights: The FRA highlights the titles of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights by using challenges and the following colour code: achievements in 2014 Dignity Freedoms Equality Solidarity Citizens’ rights Justice A great deal of information on the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the FRA website at fra.europa.eu. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. Cover picture: iStockphoto; European Commission; OSCE (Milan Obradovic) More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). -
Bush Sort Victorieux Des Élections
www.lemonde.fr 58e ANNÉE – N 17973 – 1,20 ¤ – FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE --- JEUDI 7 NOVEMBRE 2002 FONDATEUR : HUBERT BEUVE-MÉRY – DIRECTEUR : JEAN-MARIE COLOMBANI Le nouveau visage Bush sort victorieux des élections d’« aden » A mi-mandat présidentiel, le Parti républicain est majoritaire au Congrès après le scrutin du 5 novembre LES RÉPUBLICAINS ont rem- f LE GUIDE des sorties culturelles porté une victoire remarquable Le parti revient cette semaine dans une for- aux élections du mardi 5 novem- du président mule rénovée. En cinq rubriques – bre, donnant au président George Musiques, Cinéma, Scènes, Arts et W. Bush la majorité dans les deux a la majorité dans En famille –, aden, distribué en Ile- Chambres du Congrès. Mal élu en de-France, propose une sélection 2000, M. Bush voit son assise politi- les deux Chambres de sorties, de spectacles, les dates que renforcée par un succès électo- du Congrès des concerts à réserver dès mainte- ral qui lui donne une marge de nant, un choix de disques et de manœuvre plus grande encore f DVD. dans la stratégie qu’il entend sui- La Maison Blanche Autre innovation : notre supplé- vre face à l’Irak. Sur ce front-là éga- confortée ment, disponible en version Web, lement, il devrait enregistrer cette et sa newsletter sont accessibles semaine un succès avec le vote par gratuitement à l’adresse le Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU fIrak : l’ONU prête http://aden.lemonde.fr. d’une résolution très contraignan- Notre supplément te pour le régime de Bagdad. à voter la résolution Ce scrutin dit de mi-mandat pré- américaine sidentiel voit en général le parti du ROBERT HUE S’EN VA président perdre du terrain au Con- grès. -
United Kingdom 2019 Human Rights Report
UNITED KINGDOM 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is a constitutional monarchy with a multiparty, parliamentary form of government. Citizens elect members of Parliament to the House of Commons (MPs), the lower chamber of the bicameral Parliament. They last did so in free and fair elections on December 12. Members of the upper chamber, the House of Lords, occupy appointed or hereditary seats. Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and Bermuda all have elected legislative bodies and devolved administrations, with varying degrees of legislative and executive powers. The Northern Ireland devolved government was not in operation throughout the year. The UK has 14 overseas territories, including Bermuda. Each of the overseas territories has its own constitution, while the UK government is responsible for external affairs and defense. Except in Scotland and Northern Ireland, the national police maintained internal security and reported to the Home Office. The army, under the authority of the Ministry of Defence, is responsible for external security and supports police in extreme cases. The National Crime Agency (NCA) investigates serious crime in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and it has a mandate to deal with organized, economic, and cybercrimes as well as border policing and child protection. The NCA director general has independent operational direction and control over the NCA’s activities and is accountable to the home secretary. Scotland’s judicial, legal, and law enforcement system is fully separate from that of the rest of the UK. Police Scotland reports to the Scottish justice minister and the state prosecutor and coordinates cross-border crime and threat information to the national UK police and responds to UK police needs in Scotland upon request. -
Prime Minister Dr Kenny D. Anthony Convenient
Saint Lucia No. 79. Saturday, February 19, 2005 A publication of the Department of Information Services 26th Independence Anniversary kicks off this weekend - page 2 Fund for new hospital mounts - page 2 Governor General presents Charter for the Pitons to UNESCO Director General t. Lucia now has access to the many privileges that world heritage sites enjoy. Direc- tor General of UNESCO Mr. Tourism is key sector, keeps SKoichio Matsuura, who earlier this improving - pages 3 & 8 week led a UNESCO delegation to St. Lucia for the inscription ceremo- ny of the Piton Management Area as a World Heritage Site, said that designating an area as a world heri- tage site was an occasion for boost- ing national pride and increasing a society’s commitment to protecting and developing that area in a sus- tainable manner. He said the status of world heritage also brought inter- national attention to the site and its surrounding area, attracting inter- national funding and potential in- creases in tourism. Intangible cultural heritage encom- UNESCO has established a pro- $100,000 for Guyana fl ood victims “It may be noted that the world heri- cess for promoting an interest in and - page 7 passes among others, world traditions tage centre has established programs and expressions including language, respect for intangible cultural heri- for small island developing state to performing arts, social practices, ritu- tage called the masterpieces of the provide enhanced assistance in the als and festive events and traditional oral and intangible heritage of hu- preparation of nominations to UNES- manity. Given the fact that 12 coun- CO’s world heritage list. -
A Comparative Approach to Reform of Judicial Accountability in Egypt
Clash of the Titans: A Comparative Approach to Reform of Judicial Accountability in Egypt Shams Al Din Al Hajjaji* ABSTRACT: This Article argues for the reform of judicial accountability rules in Egypt. The lack of a real separation of powers and “checks and balances” between the three powers often leads the judiciary to become a periphery in the executive body, rather than an independent authority that invigilates and monitors any violation of the law. Judges who refuse to comply with executive wishes are often subjected to persecution from the Ministry of Justice and its Judicial Inspection Department, which can reach up to the level of impeachment. The Ministry of Justice uses judicial accountability as a tool of retribution over disobedient and inconsistent judges. Currently, the executive authority monopolizes the judicial accountability process and its outcomes. Reformation towards a transparent democratic judiciary requires major participation by the public in the judicial accountability process. This participation aims not only to exclude the authority of the Ministry of Justice over the judiciary and the judges, but it also aims to increase public participation in a democratic judiciary. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 62 I. THE JUDICIAL MASSACRES OF 1969 AND 2016 ...................... 68 * The author wishes to extend his deep gratitude and appreciation to Michael Mullen, Brett Harris, Drew Sena, Courtney Olson, Mylla Dawson, Claire Weyland, Laurent Mayali, Mark Bevir, and Luc Heuschling for their constructive comments and helpful edits, and his wife for her continuous help and support. 61 62 Seattle University Law Review [Vol. 41:1 II. ARBITRARINESS AND VAGUENESS OF JUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY RULES IN EGYPT .............................................. -
"Do Not Forget This" Cause, but We Were Sustained and by Dr
i. d. a.! news notes Published by the United States Committee of the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa P.O. Box 17, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 December, 1982 Telephone (617) 491-8343 CANON JOHN COLLINS concerned about apartheid. He was particularly interested in America, for here he sensed a growing consciousness of the evils of 1905-1982 apartheid and a desire to do what can be done to support those The death of the Reverend Canon L. John Collins on December who oppose it. This faith in America caused him to establish our 30, 1982 in the 78th year of his age has brought to a close a great American Committee and to support it to this day. His clerical life of creative service for God and the world; and we, associated colleagues thought him egotistical, intolerant, and a bit fuzzy on with the work of the International Defense and Aid Fund for the niCeties of doctrine. His secular critics thought him "soft" on Southern Africa, have been deprived of our founder, President, the "hard" issues of our times. But there are countless sons and and guiding force. That there is a Defense and Aid Fund today daughters of Africa, exiled or imprisoned, who weep at word of and an ever growing world-wide consciousness of the evils of his death, for they know that in John Collins they have lost an apartheid is due to the Christian outrage, organizational skills, incomparable friend and advocate. I join them in their sense of loss and personal charisma of John Collins. -
Gardes Des Sceaux En France, D'hier Et D'aujourd'hui
GARDES DES SCEAUX EN FRANCE D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI GARDES DESGARDES D’AUJOURD’HUI ET D’HIER EN FRANCE, SCEAUX GARDES DES SCEAUX EN FRANCE D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI ÉDITO Depuis près de 300 ans, sans interruption, la Chancellerie située place Vendôme, accueille les chanceliers de France, gardes des sceaux et ministres de la justice.Une fonction qui existe, elle, depuis 1545. Située sur l’une des plus prestigieuses places de Paris, la Chancellerie témoigne en ces lieux de la pérennité de l’État. Danton, d’Aguesseau, Cambacérès ... les noms de personnalités illustres résonnent dans l’hôtel de Bourvallais comme pour en scander l’histoire. Tous y ont laissé leur empreinte. Extension, embellissement de l’hôtel d’une part, affirmation de la fonction de ministre de la justice de l’autre, ainsi se sont entremêlés pendant près de trois siècles architecture, art et politique. GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 28 avril 1545 - 22 mai 1551 Rois de France : François Ier et Henri II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 5 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME JEAN DE BERTRAND 22 mai 1551- 10 juillet 1559 Roi de France : Henri II © Château de Versailles, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais/image château de Versailles 6 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 10 juillet 1559 - 2 janvier 1560 Roi de France : François II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 7 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME JEAN DE MORVILLIER fin avril 1560 - 2 juin 1560 Roi de France : François II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 8 GARDES -
French Government 2012
Your Guide to the FRENCH GOVERNMENT June 2012 France, a founding member of the European Union, has a population of 65 million (including overseas territories) and is the fifth largest economy in the world.* In spring 2012, a few months before the highly anticipated American presidential elections and with the eurozone experiencing a major crisis, France held its presidential and legislative elections. Elected in May 2012, President François Hollande is the first Socialist French president to be elected since François Mitterrand, who left office in 1995. Hollande’s election represents a major shift in France’s leadership, as the Socialist Party and the French left have swept into power across the executive and legislative branches in a series of historic electoral victories. * Based on Gross Domestic Product (current prices) data in the International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook, April 2012. What follows is your guide to the French government and a brief overview of the French political system: I. THE FRENCH INSTITUTIONS EXECUTIVE BRANCH // 2-3 SEPTEMBER 25, 2011 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH // 3-4 France votes the left into the Senate majority for the first II. THE NEW FRENCH PRESIDENT time in the Fifth Republic’s BIOGRAPHY // 5 history. AGENDA // 5-6 MAY 6, 2012 France elects François INAUGURATION SPEECH // 6 Hollande president of the III. THE NEW FRENCH GOVERNMENT Republic, the first Socialist president since 1995. THE PRIME MINISTER // 7 June 17, 2012 THE CABINET // 7-9 France gives the Socialist NATIONAL ASSEMBLY // 10-11 Party an absolute majority in the National Assembly. IV. RESOURCES // 12-13 V. ABOUT THE FOUNDATION // 14 This Guide was prepared by the French-American Foundation—United States Writers: Patrick Lattin & Eugénie Briet The French Institutions EXECUTIVE BRANCH France’s political system is organized as a semi-presidential republic, meaning that its executive branch is led both by a president and a prime minister. -
French Guiana
LATIN AMERICAN SOCIO-RELIGIOUS STUDIES PROGRAM - PROGRAMA LATINOAMERICANO DE ESTUDIOS SOCIORRELIGIOSOS (PROLADES) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: RELIGION IN FRENCH GUIANA SECOND EDITION By Clifton L. Holland, Director of PROLADES Last revised on 11 August 2020 PROLADES Apartado 86-5000, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Telephone (506) 8820-7023; E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.prolades.com/ © Clifton L. Holland, 2016, 2020 All Rights Reserved 2 Religion in French Guiana Country Overview French Guiana is an overseas department of France located on the Atlantic coast of South America, bordered by Brazil to the east and south, and by Suriname to the west. It is a tropical land, whose capital, Cayenne, is only five degrees north of the Equator. Its 83,534 km² (32,253 sq mi) of land is home to an estimated 259,865 people (2015), most of whom are of African descent. The territory has a very low population density of less than three inhabitants per km², with almost half of its population living in the urban area of Cayenne: 61,268 inhabitants in the commune and 118,346 inhabitants in the metro area (2017 estimate), which includes the communes of Cayenne, Matoury, and Remire-Montjoly. The capital is located on the banks of the estuary of the Cayenne River. Though sharing cultural affinities with the French-speaking territories of the Caribbean, French Guiana is not considered to be part of that geographic region, because the Caribbean Sea is actually located several hundred kilometers to the west, beyond the arc of the Lesser Antilles.