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ED 348 323 SO 022 655 TITLE Fulbright Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program, 1986. Curriculum Projects. INSTITUTION National gommittee on United States-China Relations, New York,"40.Y. SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 86 NOTE 119p.; For other years, see ED 340 644 and SO 022 654-659. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) -- Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055) Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE NF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Foreign Countrles; Foreigm Culture; High Schools; Ins.xuctional Materials; *International Education; *International Educational Exchange; Learning Activities; *Teacher Developed Materials; *Teacher Exchange Programs; *Teaching Nethods; Travel IDENTIFIERS *China ABSTRACT This document consists of a collection of four curriculum projects created by U.S. teachers aftervisiting China during 1986. The projects are: *Thinking in Time: HowNations Use and Misuse History" (M. Lappen); "China: Educating over1,000,000,000 People" (F. Marks and L. Schneider); "Old and New: China and the United States" (J. McLeod); and "HistoricalPreservation of Beijing, China" (J. O'Brien). (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best tha'_ can bemade from the original document. **************************************************,:******************** 1986 RUM= BM SEIM SENINESMOW IHOMMT1 Curriculum Projects INIPARTMINIT Of NOUCATION Mot of Etfoommool Roomocf1 semtwesesentent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION MITER iERICI documem hos Mienfoorockcod CgtaeZa*at 1611;:*cofved ham the oorsoo o engonehng tt made to froproto CI Maier changes have bean reprodtettoo quality oppolono giant WI tMdocia Panes Ce 111VI meet eo not ntreestentsrepresent ahem OERI poettion sr poky "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS MAT AL HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).- tn 14) caupiled by tbe National Camnittee onU.S.-aline Relations on behalf ofthe U.S. Dapartment of Educaticmin fulfillment of fUlbright Haysrecpirments. I0 3EST COPY MIAMI Table of CXntents Michael Lappen "Thinking in Tim: Hai Nations Use andMisuse History" Floyd Narks and Lenore Schneider "China:Educating over 1,000,000,000 People" Jim MAW "Old and the New:China and the United States" Jchn W. O'Brien "Historical Preservation of Beijing, China" Curriculum Project prepared for National Committee on United States-ChinaRelations Fulbright Seminar, Summer 1986 Thinking in Time: How Nations Use and Misuse History Prepared by: Michael Lappen Social Studies Teacher Patch American High School U.S. Forces European Command Stuttgart-Vaihingen West-Germany November, 1986 UNIT OBJECTIVES I. Title: Thinking in Time: How Nations Use and Misuse History Audience:High school level (9-12) socialstudies coursesin World History, World Geography, World Cultures, AmericanHistory (20th century), Government, and Asian History. The lesson isdesigned as an introduction into the study of history (for anyhistory class) or as an inquiry assignment for students studyingeither international relations or Asian history. III. Focus: The purpose of education is to enable students tolearn to think and draw meanings of the things withwhich they come in contact, whether in class, ontelevision, while reading on the street.For social studies teachers it is important tohelp students approach the study of history so that itis meaningful to them, since (Americans seem to have become moreinterested in seekingimmediate tangible rewards) history seems too irrelevent, tedious andboring. There are several ways to initiate interest in the studyof history but this is not my objective in this curriculum project(1 have included several articles regarding the necessity of historical study forpolicy makers in the bibliography). This curriculumproject endeavors to place the student as an active participant while learningthe value of historical interOetation. By investigating aspects of Chinesehinstory and culture, students learn howthe Chinese ownuse ofhistory (in mythology, art, historical interpretation, and contemporarycartoons) have shaped their culture.Students may also apply what they have learned of China and apply generalizations toother nations (including the United States).They will learn that history canbeusedand misused by leaders and governments in order toreaffirm their mandate to rule. IV. Scope and Sequence: The curriculumproject is divided into three case studies and closure activity. The teacher may chooseeither to use the entire package in its original form or to take piecesof it, since some of the activities may be toodemanding for slower learners. However, I have takenin account the variety of students learningstyles. For example, teachers may opt to direct a discussion, sothat all students may share theirvies, or have the students write the work on their own. Students who enjoy creative writing may prefer todevelop their own myth while students with artisticabilities may enjoy to draw a myth. Case Study #1 introduces the student to Chineseand Japanese mythology (see the knowledge and skillobjectives listed in the case study); Case Study #2 addresses the use of art as ahistorical tool; Case Study #3 presentsthreestories in which the studentmustuse theinquiry approach in order to develop his own thesis; andthe closure activity enables the student tointerpret current Chinese history in comic book form. The number of days can rangefrom 4-8 , depending on how much time the teacher wished towork on each case study. 1 V. Objectives: I have listed Knowledge and Skills objectives with each case study.Generally the students willlearn that history can be viewed from different perspectives, and that history can be used to shape a society's perspective of itself and of the world.. VI. Content: Information for studentsandteachers is provided in the bibliography, following the closure activity. VII. Activities: See the Case Studies for details. VIII. Materials:Materials for teachers have beenlisted with each case study. IX. Bibliography: Thebibliography is provided following the closure activitiy. 2 CASE STUDY NO. I USING MYTHOLOGY TO EXPLAIN WHY WE STUDYHISTORY Knowledge objectives: To know that an understanding of how asociety views its past may help us understand how thatsociety reacts to events as they occur today. To know that governments interpret mythology and history in order to reinforce their legitimacy, continuity with the past,and the moral strength of leadership. To know that the mythology of China and Japan illuminates these societies' concepts of heroism, benevolent leadership (by using their powers todo good and protect their populations) andintellect (numerous inventions that benefit society). To know that a historian functionsin many ways like a detective since he uses his knowledgeand skillof observation and deduction. of the creation, Skill objectives: Given a Chinese and Japanese account students will recognize the basiccharacteristics for goodleadership, whateventsandnatural disasters concernedboth societies (the Chinese concern for secure settlements without the constant threat of flooding, thedevelopment of agriculture, and the concern for the tribe aswell as the Japanese concern for thescontinuity of the Imperialfamily dynasty). Given the two accounts, students mayrecognize that the Japanese culture borrowed heavilyfrom early Chinese culture. Given a directed discussionfollowing the reading of the two articles,students will wantto respond to questions asked in class, take part inclass discussion and volunteer opinions when notspecifically asked. 3 7 Materials: Handout #1 "Japanese Mythology' from: H. PaulVarley,Japanese Culture, Honolulu. University of Hawaii Press, 1984, pp. 3-12. Handout #2 "The Chinese Mythology" from: Bai Shouyi, Editor, "Myth and Legend", An OutlineHistoryof China, Bejing: Foreign Language Press, pp. 52-57. and Alasdair Clayre, "Believing, Heart of the Dragon. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1984, pp.37. Walls Jan and Yvonne , editors,Classical Chines Myths,Hong Kong, Joint Publishing Co. 1984, pp. 1-20. 4 PROCEDURE Distribute Handout #1 and have the Students will respond that the story is students read the story bythemsel- not true, that Izanami and Izanagi are ves or you maychoose to select too unrealistic to be believable (If students to read aloud. Following you care to use the questions as ahand the reading, ask students: "Do you out and then go over the questionswith believe the story is true andthat the students. the world was created by twogods". voice In order to simulate discussionand It is hoped that the students will interest at the outset, challenge their disbelief and be vocal about it. students who don't agree that the Students will voice their knowledge of story was true. geography that Japan was not created that way and that mankind cannotbe related to a god. Ask "What do you have that causes you not to believethe story? "If you were a Japanese peasant, Students should recognize that if they courtier, king, warrior and youdid lacked certain/information that they not have the knowledge ofgeographymay actually believethe story. Answers and science we have today, istherewill vary to the second question,allow- any other way youmight disprove ing you to go on to an explanation. this story?" "Why would there be a needfor this story?" You may need a background knowledgeof Explain: " In 1945, General MacArthur, as part of his peace the history of Japan. You may want to plan after Japan loit