GRBG Newsletter

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GRBG Newsletter July 2020 Newsletter News Important Announcements from the GRBG Trust Please take note of the following four announcements from the Garden Route Botanical Garden Trust regarding matters arising in the near future. Annual General Meeting (AGM) The Annual General Meeting of the GRBG Trust, which is normally held in June, has been delayed as a consequence of the COVID-19 regulations. With these having lifted to Level 3, we are now able to hold the meeting, provided strict protocols are followed. We will hold our AGM on Saturday, 8 August 2020 at 11:00 in the Environmental Education Centre (EEC), located on the Garden premises. All those attending the meeting will be required to follow strict social distancing protocols. To allow for this, we will only be able to admit 25 persons to the EEC. Those wishing to attend the meeting in person should therefore email [email protected] to secure their place. The meeting will simultaneously be conducted virtually via Zoom. Anyone unable to attend in person can therefore follow and participate in the proceedings online. To do so, email [email protected] to request a Zoom invitation. Election of Trustees It is standard at the AGM to hold an election of new trustees to serve on the GRBG Board of Trustees. In terms of the Trust Agreement, once elected, trustees serve a two-year term and they must retire before the third AGM following their election is held. As a consequence, we have two trustees retiring before the 8 August AGM. In line with the Trust Agreement, these two trustees may also offer themselves for re-election. In addition, we have had resignations from two trustees, so there is a requirement to elect four trustees in total at the 2020 AGM. We are therefore calling for nominations for trustees from ordinary members of the Trust. Trustee Responsibilities The role of the trustees is critical in ensuring the sustainability of our beloved Botanical Garden and we earnestly appeal to people with energy, enthusiasm and appropriate competencies to come forward for this important position. Nominees should have a keen interest and passion for the GRBG and the protection, display and education of Southern Cape flora. Trustee duties can range from hands-on involvement in the Garden and its various projects, to working behind the scenes in promotion, fundraising, events, education and much more. Nomination Process Any member who wishes to be a trustee must approach any of the existing trustees or a fellow member and indicate to them your interest in becoming a trustee. (This is essential as you have to be nominated by a member of the Garden Route Botanical Garden other than yourself to be considered.) The nominator must complete a Nomination Form which can be obtained at the GRBG front office. The nominee must attach their Curriculum Vitae and a Letter of Motivation to the completed Nomination Form. These should outline their career experience, knowledge and any interests that will make them a valuable addition to the GRBG Board of Trustees. Applications must be sent to [email protected] The closing date for applicants is Thursday, 30 July 2020 at midnight. The nominees’ CVs and motivation letters will then be available at the front office of the Garden for inspection by all members prior to the election on 8 August. For those not able to attend the meeting physically, we will enable online voting on Zoom . Alternatively, you can give your proxy in writing to any other member taking part in the meeting. Retiring and Resigning Trustees The two trustees who are retiring before the 8 August AGM, and who may offer themselves for re-election, are Elizabeth Boshoff and Raymond Auberbach. The two trustees who are resigning from the Board of Trustees are Lauren Elsom and Peter Ginn. Lauren organised and managed our annual Science Week in 2019, which not only educated hundreds of local students and gave them an opportunity to experience the Garden, but raised a sizable donation for the GRBG. Peter has been an invaluable contributor to the GRBG for many years, his most recent contribution being the donation of his book The Ultimate Companion for Birding in South Africa, copies of which are still available for sale at the front office. The GRBG would like to thank these trustees for all of their hard work and dedication and we wish them well in all future endeavours. Reopening the Garden The Level 3 COVID-19 regulations specifically exclude the opening of “beaches and public parks”. We have consequently followed SANBI’s recommendations and the Garden will remain closed to the public until such time as the regulations are eased. We have, however, determined we should be able to allow members to access the Garden under strict COVID-19 protocols. This reopening will commence on Tuesday, 7 July 2020 at 07:30. Only members will be admitted to the GRBG and only if they present a current membership card and ID document, which are essential to our control, and wear a face mask when in the vicinity of GRBG staff and other visitors. Groups of visitors may not exceed three members per group. Entrance will only be permitted from the Protea Gate next to the front office/reception area and a register of everyone accessing the garden will be maintained. Things to Look Forward to in the Garden! Apart from the Main Garden, members will be able to access all other areas and facilities in the Garden, except for the Southern Cape Herbarium. While not part of the initial reopening, plans are underway to reopen the restaurant and tea garden as soon as possible. While exploring the Main Garden, be sure to look out for the following: Lachenalia sp. popping up across the Garden. Nuxia Floribunda (forest elder) and Psoralea pinnata (fountain bush) flowering around the dam. The blending of their sweet scents is best experienced mornings and early evenings. Proteas and Ericas flowering around the dam, the Levinski’s Display Bed and the meadow. The Aloe Display Bed is in mass flower. Take your time to inspect all the different species, their flowers and the different types of bees that frequent them. Financial Position of the Trust In our April newsletter we outlined how the financial position of the GRBG Trust is likely to come under serious strain as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of our budget for the financial year ending 28 February 2021 shows that our normal revenue sources may be reduced by up to a third compared to the previous year. As we budget on a break even basis, this means that we will have to drastically cut back on our costs, which could result in having to curtail the work being done in the Garden. We know that government funds are being redirected to address the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic effects of the lockdown, but somehow public benefit organisations are not seen as needing this government assistance. The role which the Garden, via the Trust, plays in preserving the heritage of our unique Garden Route fauna and flora is of national and international importance. Furthermore, having a botanical garden that meets international standards is an important feature for the city of George, especially in terms of the City’s desire to have a footprint in the regional and national tourism market. Unfortunately, without support the Trust cannot continue to preserve and improve the Garden as a showcase of our natural heritage. We would ask that all our friends who have influence over those holding the purse strings of municipal, provincial and national budgets, try to encourage our politicians to continue to support our Garden. As Trust, we will do everything we can to increase revenues in every possible way and will probably have to review our current very low membership and access fees. Again we appeal to all friends and lovers of the Garden for financial support. The Garden’s banking details appear below. Every contribution, no matter the size, is greatly appreciated. Thank you for your continued support. GRBG Banking Details: Name: Garden Route Botanical Garden Trust (Current Account) Bank: Standard Bank, George Account No: 281 859 183 Branch code: 050 214 Notices EV No Events During July Donations Welcome As the decision to reopen the Garden on 7 July has only The Garden Route recently been made, no events have been scheduled as Botanical Garden is of yet. As soon as any events can be scheduled, the a non- details will be communicated via this newsletter and governmental on the GRBG website. organisation (NGO) and relies heavily Participants in the on donations from weekly parkrun, the public to fund meanwhile, can our activities. (Sadly, although we know a thing or click here or here two about trees, we haven’t quite figured out how for updates on to make money grow on them.) when the parkrun If any person, organisation or business would like to will resume. support the GRBG monetarily, this can be done online at www.botanicalgarden.org.za/make-a- donation or by making a deposit directly into our ‘Behind The Scenes’ account using the banking details provided further below. You can also phone our offices at 044 874 * Attributions: This newsletter was designed using 1558 or email [email protected]. resources from www.freepik.com, including images by brgfx, macrovector, pikisuperstar and stories. All donations properly receipted by the Garden in terms of Section 18A are tax deductible. Any * Content Contributors: Roger Bath, Corné Brink, donation – big or small – will be greatly Nicole Jonklass, Anne Kellner, Rebecca Ryen and appreciated.
Recommended publications
  • Image Identification of Protea Species with Attributes and Subgenus Scaling
    Image identification of Protea species with attributes and subgenus scaling Peter Thompson Willie Brink Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The flowering plant genus Protea is a dominant repre- sentative for the biodiversity of the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa, and from a conservation point of view im- portant to monitor. The recent surge in popularity of crowd- sourced wildlife monitoring platforms presents both chal- lenges and opportunities for automatic image based species identification. We consider the problem of identifying the Protea species in a given image with additional (but op- tional) attributes linked to the observation, such as loca- tion and date. We collect training and test data from a crowd-sourced platform, and find that the Protea identifi- Figure 1. Different species of Protea, such as Protea neriifolia cation problem is exacerbated by considerable inter-class and Protea laurifolia shown here, can exhibit considerable visual similarity, data scarcity, class imbalance, as well as large similarity. variations in image quality, composition and background. Our proposed solution consists of three parts. The first part incorporates a variant of multi-region attention into a pre- important for understanding species populations [3] in the trained convolutional neural network, to focus on the flow- midst of issues like global warming, pollution and poach- erhead in the image. The second part performs coarser- ing. The crowd-sourced platform iNaturalist for example grained classification on subgenera (superclasses) and then allows users to upload observations of wildlife, which typ- rescales the output of the first part. The third part con- ically include images, locations, dates, and identifications ditions a probabilistic model on the additional attributes that can be verified by fellow users [31].
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment for the Establishment of the Wolseley Wind Farm, Western Cape Province
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE WOLSELEY WIND FARM, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FAUNA & FLORA SPECIALIST STUDY PRODUCED FOR ARCUS GIBB ON BEHALF OF SAGIT ENERGY VENTURES BY SIMON TODD [email protected] NOVEMBER 2012 FINAL DRAFT FOR REVIEW DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE I, Simon Todd as duly authorised representative of Simon Todd Consulting, hereby confirm my independence as well as that of Simon Todd Consulting as the ecological specialist for the Langhoogte/Wolseley Wind Farm and declare that neither I nor Simon Todd Consulting have any interest, be it business, financial, personal or other, in any proposed activity, application or appeal in respect of which Arcus GIBB was appointed as environmental assessment practitioner in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998), other than fair remuneration for work performed in terms of the NEMA, the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 and any specific environmental management Act) for the Langhoogte/Wolseley Wind Farm I further declare that I am confident in the results of the studies undertaken and conclusions drawn as a result of it. I have disclosed, to the environmental assessment practitioner, in writing, any material information that have or may have the potential to influence the decision of the competent authority or the objectivity of any report, plan or document required in terms of the NEMA, the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 and any specific environmental management Act. I have further provided the environmental assessment practitioner with written access to all information at my disposal regarding the application, whether such information is favourable to the applicant or not.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbarium Records Reveal Early Flowering in Response to Warming in the Southern 2 Hemisphere 3 4 5 Barnabas H
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/432765; this version posted October 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Herbarium records reveal early flowering in response to warming in the southern 2 hemisphere 3 4 5 Barnabas H. Daru1,*, Matthew M. Kling2, Emily K. Meineke3, Abraham E. van Wyk4 6 7 1Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, 8 Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA 9 2Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, USA 10 3Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge MA 02138, USA 12 4Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 13 14 *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] 15 16 17 Short Title: Warming cues early flowering in Protea 18 19 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/432765; this version posted October 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 20 21 Abstract 22 PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Herbarium specimens are increasingly used as records of 23 plant flowering phenology, which has advanced for many species in response to climate 24 change.
    [Show full text]
  • Kirstenbosch NBG List of Plants That Provide Food for Honey Bees
    Indigenous South African Plants that Provide Food for Honey Bees Honey bees feed on nectar (carbohydrates) and pollen (protein) from a wide variety of flowering plants. While the honey bee forages for nectar and pollen, it transfers pollen from one flower to another, providing the service of pollination, which allows the plant to reproduce. However, bees don’t pollinate all flowers that they visit. This list is based on observations of bees visiting flowers in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, and on a variety of references, in particular the following: Plant of the Week articles on www.PlantZAfrica.com Johannsmeier, M.F. 2005. Beeplants of the South-Western Cape, Nectar and pollen sources of honeybees (revised and expanded). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 17. Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa This list is primarily Western Cape, but does have application elsewhere. When planting, check with a local nursery for subspecies or varieties that occur locally to prevent inappropriate hybridisations with natural veld species in your vicinity. Annuals Gazania spp. Scabiosa columbaria Arctotis fastuosa Geranium drakensbergensis Scabiosa drakensbergensis Arctotis hirsuta Geranium incanum Scabiosa incisa Arctotis venusta Geranium multisectum Selago corymbosa Carpanthea pomeridiana Geranium sanguineum Selago canescens Ceratotheca triloba (& Helichrysum argyrophyllum Selago villicaulis ‘Purple Turtle’ carpenter bees) Helichrysum cymosum Senecio glastifolius Dimorphotheca
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Town's Unique Biodiversity
    * Supplementary document to a series of 8 biodiversity fact sheets * Important taxa of the six endemic vegetation types 1. Cape Flats Sand Fynbos Tall Shrubs: Metalasia densa, Morella cordifolia, M. serrata, Passerina corymbosa, Protea burchellii, P. repens, Psoralea pinnata, Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus, Rhus lucida, Wiborgia obcordata. Low Shrubs: Diastella proteoides, Diosma hirsuta, Erica lasciva, E. muscosa, Phylica cephalantha, Senecio halimifolius, Serruria glomerata, Stoebe plumosa, Anthospermum aethiopicum, Aspalathus callosa, A. hispida, A. quinquefolia subsp. quinquefolia, A. sericea, A. spinosa subsp. spinosa, A. ternata, Berzelia abrotanoides, Chrysanthemoides incana, Cliffortia eriocephalina, C. juniperina, C. polygonifolia, Erica articularis, E. axillaris, E. capitata, E. corifolia, E. ferrea, E. imbricata, E. mammosa, E. plumosa, E. pulchella, Eriocephalus africanus var. africanus, Galenia africana, Gnidia spicata, Helichrysum cymosum, Leucadendron floridum, L. salignum, Leucospermum hypophyllocarpodendron subsp. canaliculatum, Metalasia adunca, M. pulchella, Morella quercifolia, Passerina ericoides, Pharnaceum lanatum, Phylica parviflora, Plecostachys polifolia, P. serpyllifolia, Polpoda capensis, Protea scolymocephala, Serruria fasciflora, S. trilopha, Staavia radiata, Stilbe albiflora, Stoebe cinerea, Syncarpha vestita, Trichocephalus stipularis. Succulent Shrub: Crassula flava. Herbs: Berkheya rigida, Conyza pinnatifida, Edmondia sesamoides, Helichrysum tinctum, Indigofera procumbens, Knowltonia vesicatoria. Geophytic
    [Show full text]
  • De Zalze Plant List
    DE ZALZE ESTATE REGENERATIVE PLANT LIST - 20 AUGUST 2020 Groundcovers Grasses Restios Ferns Bulbs Succulents Climbers Shrubs Shrubs / small Trees PLANTLIST HOUSES: KLIPHEUWEL - WHITE PLANTING COMPLETED trees Low growing flowering plants Agapanthus africanus 'Albus' (white) African lily (Albus) Coleonema album Cape May Hypoestes aristata (White) Ribbon bush Myrsine africana Cape Myrtle Pelargonium peltatum (white) Ivy-leaved Pelargonium Plectranthus verticillatus Money plant Plumbago auriculata (white) Cape Leadwort Scabiosa drakensbergensis (white) Drakensberg Scabious Watsonia borbonica 'Snow Queen' White Bugle Lily PLANTLIST HOUSES: GENERAL Trees Acokanthera oppositifolia Bushman's Poison Canthium mundianum (= Afrocanthium gilfillanii) Rock Alder Celtis africana White stinkwood Diospyros whyteana Bladder-Nut Kiggelaria africana Wild Peach Nuxia floribunda Forest Elder Olea europaea subsp. africana Wild Olive Pittosporum viridiflorum White Cape Beech Rapanea melanophloeos Cape Beech Rothmannia capensis Wild Gardenia Rothmannia globosa September Bells Sideroxylon inerme White Milkwood Zanthoxylum capense Small Knobwood Small Trees/Shrubs Buddleja saligna (shade) False Olive Buddleja salviifolia (sun) Sagewood Burchellia bubalina Wild Pomegranate Buxus macowanii African Box Cassine peragua Cape Saffron Crotalaria capensis Cape Rattle-Pod Dais cotinifolia Pompon Tree Diospyros glabra Fynbos Star-apple Grewia occidentalis Cross-Berry Gymnosporia buxifolia Spikethorn Halleria lucida Tree Fuchsia Indigofera natalensis Forest Indigo Maurocenia
    [Show full text]
  • BAWSCA Turf Replacement Program Plant List Page 1 Species Or
    BAWSCA Turf Replacement Program Plant List Page 1 Species or Cultivar Common name Irrigation Irrigation (1) Requirement Type (2) Native Coastal Peninsula Bay East Salinity (3) Tolerance Abutilon palmeri INDIAN MALLOW 1 S √ √ √ √ Acer buergerianum TRIDENT MAPLE 2 T √ H Acer buergerianum var. formosanum TRIDENT MAPLE 2 T √ Acer circinatum VINE MAPLE 2 S √ √ √ √ Acer macrophyllum BIG LEAF MAPLE 2 T √ √ L Acer negundo var. californicum BOX ELDER 2 T √ √ Achillea clavennae SILVERY YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea millefolium COMMON YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea millefolium 'Borealis' COMMON YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea millefolium 'Colorado' COMMON YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea millefolium 'Paprika' COMMON YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea millefolium 'Red Beauty' COMMON YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea millefolium 'Summer Pastels' COMMON YARROW 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea 'Salmon Beauty' 1 P √ √ √ M Achillea taygetea 1 P √ √ √ Achillea 'Terracotta' 1 P √ √ √ Achillea tomentosa 'King George' WOLLY YARROW 1 P √ √ √ Achillea tomentosa 'Maynard's Gold' WOLLY YARROW 1 P √ √ √ Achillea x kellereri 1 P √ √ √ Achnatherum hymenoides INDIAN RICEGRASS 1 P √ √ √ √ Adenanthos sericeus WOOLYBUSH 1 S √ √ √ Adenostoma fasciculatum CHAMISE 1 S √ √ √ √ Adenostoma fasciculatum 'Black Diamond' CHAMISE 1 S √ √ √ √ Key (1) 1=Least 2=Intermediate 3=Most (2) P=Perennial; S=Shrub; T=Tree (3) L=Low; M=Medium; H=High 1/31/2012 BAWSCA Turf Replacement Program Plant List Page 2 Species or Cultivar Common name Irrigation Irrigation (1) Requirement Type (2) Native Coastal Peninsula Bay East Salinity (3) Tolerance Adenostoma fasciculatum 'Santa Cruz Island' CHAMISE 1 S √ √ √ √ Adiantum jordnaii CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR 1 P √ √ √ √ FIVE -FINGER FERN, WESTERN Adiantum pedatum MAIDENHAIR 2 P √ √ √ √ FIVE -FINGER FERN, WESTERN Adiantum pedatum var.
    [Show full text]
  • Temperature Controls Phenology in Continuously Flowering Protea Species of Subtropical Africa
    APPLICATION ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: Emerging Frontiers in Phenological Research Temperature controls phenology in continuously flowering Protea species of subtropical Africa Barnabas H. Daru1,5 , Matthew M. Kling2 , Emily K. Meineke3 , and Abraham E. van Wyk4 Manuscript received 1 October 2018; revision accepted 4 January PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Herbarium specimens are increasingly used as records of plant flow- 2019. ering phenology. However, most herbarium- based studies on plant phenology focus on taxa 1 Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University–Corpus from temperate regions. Here, we explore flowering phenologic responses to climate in the Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, USA subtropical plant genus Protea (Proteaceae), an iconic group of plants that flower year- round 2 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, and are endemic to subtropical Africa. Berkeley, California 94720, USA 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard METHODS: We present a novel, circular sliding window approach to investigate phenological University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, patterns developed for species with year- round flowering. We employ our method to evalu- Massachusetts 02138, USA ate the extent to which site- to- site and year- to- year variation in temperature and precipita- 4 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, tion affect flowering dates using a database of 1727 herbarium records of 25 Protea species. Pretoria 0083, South Africa We also explore phylogenetic conservatism in flowering phenology. 5 Author for correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Daru, B. H., M. M. Kling, E. K. Meineke, and A. E. van RESULTS: We show that herbarium data combined with our sliding window approach Wyk.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Guidelines
    LANDSCAPE GUIDELINES 1. Introduction 1.1 General comment on Fransche Hoek Estate site The aim of the landscape design is to create a place where life can be celebrated and nature appreciated, where man lives in harmony with the natural environment and to create a landscape where agriculture, private properties, commercial and other facilities and nature blend into a coherent whole. The principles of biodiversity conservation permeate all aspects of the landscape design (see also “Fransche Hoek Estate, Landscape Design Framework” (3 August 2005). In the initial proposal, the estate is divided into three zones (see also Section 2). All drainage lines or river edges need to be rated as Zone 1. Any invasive or weed-like species on this estate has the potential to spread throughout the Berg River system and should thus be removed. There are currently enough problems with invasive species in this river system without irresponsibly adding more. Plant lists for Zones 1, 2 and 3 appear in Addendum 2 & 3. The hybridization of Protea species in the reserve area from plantings in Zone 2 is of concern. This problem is similarly evident in the Paarl Mountain Nature Reserve. The Estate has a responsibility to not contribute to the problem in the La Rochelle Reserve. Protea species that tend towards hybridization and that should not be grown on the estate at all include Protea neriifolia, Protea susannae, Protea longifolia, fertile Protea hybrids (most of them), Leucadendron conicum, Leucadendron macowanii, Leucadendron uliginosum, Leucadendron loeriense and Leucospermum patersonii. Leucospermum cordifolium and Leucospermum cordifolium hybrids should only be grown in Zone 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Trends in Colonisation of Protea Infructescences by Gondwana- Myces and Ophiostoma Spp
    South African Journal of Botany 2005, 71(3&4): 307–311 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY EISSN 1727–9321 Seasonal trends in colonisation of Protea infructescences by Gondwana- myces and Ophiostoma spp. F Roets1, LL Dreyer1* and PW Crous2 1 Department of Botany, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa 2 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 6 April 2004, accepted in revised form 18 November 2004 Seasonal growth of the fungal genera Gondwanamyces of Protea. A definite seasonal pattern was observed, with and Ophiostoma (hereafter referred to as ophiosto- colonisation numbers peaking during the wetter winter matoid fungi) on the floral parts of serotinous Protea- months. P. laurifolia was found to be a new host for ceae flowers was investigated. Several new Protea host Ophiostoma splendens and Gondwanamyces capensis. species were found and new knowledge emerged Ophiostomatoid fungi were restricted to dead floral parts, regarding the tissue types colonised by these fungi. and fruiting structures were never observed on living Although floral parts of a wide range of Proteaceae were plant tissue. Both the vector organisms and the specific examined, ophiostomatoid fungi were exclusively ecological function of the ophiostomatoid fungi are still collected from the infructescences of serotinous species unknown, and require further investigation. Introduction The floral diversity of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is world- two genera, namely Ophiostoma H. Syd. and P. Syd., renowned. This area includes the Fynbos Biome, which including the species Ophiostoma protearum Marais and contains most of the c.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire-Adapted Gondwanan Angiosperm Floras Evolved in the Cretaceous Lamont and He
    Frontispiece: Proteaceous scrub-heath in southwestern Australia on fire. The burning bush in the center is Banksia hookeriana, 1.8 m tall, a species that stores it seeds in cones which retain their dead florets that increase cone combustibility (burning cones are clearly visible in the picture) and ensure opening of the woody follicles and subsequent seed release. This trait (serotiny) can be traced to the mid-Upper Cretaceous in Gondwana floras. Fire-adapted Gondwanan Angiosperm floras evolved in the Cretaceous Lamont and He Lamont and He BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:223 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/223 22 Lamont and He BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:223 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/223 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Fire-adapted Gondwanan Angiosperm floras evolved in the Cretaceous Byron B Lamont1,2* and Tianhua He1 Abstract Background: Fires have been widespread over the last 250 million years, peaking 60−125 million years ago (Ma), and might therefore have played a key role in the evolution of Angiosperms. Yet it is commonly believed that fireprone communities existed only after the global climate became more arid and seasonal 15 Ma. Recent molecular-based studies point to much earlier origins of fireprone Angiosperm floras in Australia and South Africa (to 60 Ma, Paleocene) but even these were constrained by the ages of the clades examined. Results: Using a molecular-dated phylogeny for the great Gondwanan family Proteaceae, with a 113-million-year evolutionary history, we show that the ancestors of many of its characteristic sclerophyll genera, such as Protea, Conospermum, Leucadendron, Petrophile, Adenanthos and Leucospermum (all subfamily Proteoideae), occurred in fireprone habitats from 88 Ma (83−94, 95% HPD, Mid-Upper Cretaceous).
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Ecology Specialist Study
    PROPOSED SURFACE WATER DEVELOPMENTS FOR AUGMENTATION OF THE WESTERN CAPE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Terrestrial Ecology Specialist Study Authority Reference No: 14/12/16/3/3/2/973 JANUARY 2017 Draft Prepared for: Department of Water & Sanitation MONTH YEAR i Terrestrial Ecology Specialist Study Proposed Surface Water Developments for Augmentation of the Western Cape Water Supply System Draft Title and Approval Page Proposed Surface Water Developments for Augmentation of the Western Project Name: Cape Water Supply System Report Title: Terrestrial Ecology Specialist Study Authority Reference: 14/12/16/3/3/2/973 Report Status Draft Applicant Department of Water and Sanitation Prepared By: Nemai Consulting +27 11 781 1730 147 Bram Fischer Drive, +27 11 781 1731 FERNDALE, 2194 [email protected] PO Box 1673, SUNNINGHILL, www.nemai.co.za 2157 10598-20170127-Terrestrial Fauna Report Reference: R-PRO-REP|20150514 and Flora Assessment Report Authorisation Name Signature Date Avhafarei Ronald Author: 30/01/2017 Phamphe Reviewed By: Samantha Gerber 02/02/2017 Author’s Affiliations Professional Natural Scientist: South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions Ecological Science (400349/2) Professional Member of South African Institute of Ecologists and Environmental Scientists Professional Member: South African Association of Botanists. This Document is Confidential Intellectual Property of Nemai Consulting C.C. © copyright and all other rights reserved by Nemai Consulting C.C. This document may only be used for its intended purpose JANUARY 2017 Pg ii Terrestrial Ecology Specialist Study Proposed Surface Water Developments for Augmentation of the Western Cape Water Supply System Draft Executive Summary Nemai Consulting has been appointed by Department of Water and Sanitation to undertake the environmental process for the for the proposed surface water developments for augmentation of the Western Cape Water Supply System.
    [Show full text]