Alien species in South ’s national parks

Dian Spear *, Melodie A. McGeoch, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft and Hugo Bezuidenhout

*Correspondence: [email protected]

Online index: Lists of and species and their common names

List of animal species in national parks in with common name and class

Species Common name Class Group Acridotheres tristis Indian myna Aves Bird Aepyceros melampus Impala Mammalia Mammal Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Aves Bird Antidorcas marsupialis Springbok Mammalia Mammal Aphanasium australe Stem-boring beetle Insecta Aplexa marmorata () Gastropod Aporrectodea caliginosa Grey worm Oligochaeta Earthworm Arion hortensis (aggregate) Garden arion Gastropoda Gastropod Armadillidium vulgare Woodlouse Malacostraca Soft shelled crustacean Balanus glandula Acorn barnacle Maxillopoda Barnacle Blattella germanica German cockroach Insecta Insect Bos taurus Cattle Mammalia Mammal Bostrychia hagedash Hadeda ibis Aves Bird Brachyiulus c.f. pusillus (millipede) Diplopoda Millipede Brachystomella parvula () Springtail Cactoblastis cactorum Cactus moth Insecta Insect Calcomyza lantanae Lantana leaf-mining fly Insecta Insect Camponotus rufoglaucus (carpenter ) Insecta Insect Canis familiaris Dog Mammalia Mammal Capra hircus Goat Mammalia Mammal Carposina autologa seed-moth Insecta Insect Ciona intestinalis Vase tunicate Ascidiacea Ascidian African catfish Fish Clavelina lepadiformis Light bulb tunicate Ascidiacea Ascidian Cochlicopa cf. lubricella Slender moss snail Gastropoda Gastropod Columba livia Feral pigeon Aves Bird Connochaetes taurinus Blue wildebeest Mammalia Mammal Cornu aspersum Brown garden snail Gastropoda Gastropod gigas Pacific Bivalve Species Common name Class Group Ctenolepisma longicaudata Grey silverfish Insecta Insect Cyprinus carpio Common Actinopterygii Fish Cyrtobagous salviniae Salvinia weevil Insecta Insect Dactylopius opuntiae Opuntia cochineal scale Insecta Insect Dactylopius tomentosus Cochineal scale Insecta Insect Dama dama Fallow deer Mammalia Mammal Damaliscus pygargus Bontebok Mammalia Mammal Dasineura dielsi (-bud galling midge) Insecta Insect Dendrobaena cognetti (earthworm) Oligochaeta Earthworm Deroceras laevae Marsh slug Gastropoda Gastropod Deroceras panormitanum Brown field slug Gastropoda Gastropod Deroceras reticulatum Grey field slug Gastropoda Gastropod Diplosoma listerianum Compound sea squirt Ascidiacea Ascidian Discus rotundatus Rounded snail Gastropoda Gastropod Eccritotarsus catarinensis (sap-feeding mirid) Insecta Insect Entomobrya nivalis (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Equus asinus Donkey Mammalia Mammal Equus burchellii Plain's zebra Mammalia Mammal Equus caballus Horse Mammalia Mammal Erytenna consputa (seed weevil) Insecta Insect annulipes Ringlegged Insecta Insect Falconia intermedia Lantana mirid Insecta Insect Felis catus Feral cat Mammalia Mammal Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch Aves Bird Gallus gallus Chicken Aves Bird Gambusia affinis Mosquitofish Actinopterygii Fish Gryllodes supplicans (field cricket) Insecta Insect Harmonia axyridis Harlequin ladybird Insecta Insect Hemisotoma thermophila (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Hemitragus jemlahicus Himalayan tahr Mammalia Mammal Hippotragus niger Sable Mammalia Mammal Hypena strigata (noctuid moth) Insecta Insect Hyperolius marmoratus Painted reed frog Amphibia Amphibian Hypogastrura armata (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Hypogastrura purpurescens (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck Mammalia Mammal capensis mudfish Actinopterygii Fish Labeo umbratus Actinopterygii Fish aeneus Actinopterygii Fish Lauria cylindracea Common chrysalis snail Gastropoda Gastropod Species Common name Class Group Lehmannia valentiana Three-banded garden slug Gastropoda Gastropod Lepisiota incisa (ant) Insecta Insect Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Actinopterygii Fish Leptinotarsa defecta (leaf beetle) Insecta Insect Leptinotarsa texana (leaf beetle) Insecta Insect Limax maximus Great grey slug Gastropoda Gastropod Linepithema humile Argentine ant Insecta Insect Littorina saxatilis European periwinkle Gastropoda Gastropod Lumbricus eiseni (worm) Oligochaeta Earthworm Lumbricus rubellus Red earthworm Oligochaeta Earthworm Lygodactylus capensis Cape dwarf gecko Reptilia Reptile Lymnaea columella American ribbed fluke snail Gastropoda Gastropod Melanterius maculatus Acacia seed weevil Insecta Insect Melanterius servilus Acacia seed weevil Insecta Insect Mesogastrura libyca (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Micropterus dolomieu Smallmouth bass Actinopterygii Fish Micropterus punctulatus Spotted bass Actinopterygii Fish Micropterus salmoides Bigmouth bass Actinopterygii Fish Mus musculus House mouse Mammalia Mammal Mytilus galloprovincialis Mediterranean Bivalvia Bivalve Nauphoeta cinerea Speckled cockroach Insecta Insect Neanura muscorum (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Neochetina bruchi Waterhyacinth weevil Insecta Insect Neochetina eichhorniae Mottled water hyacinth weevil Insecta Insect Neodiplogrammus quadrivittatus (weevil) Insecta Insect Neohydronomus affinis Water lettuce weevil Insecta Insect Niphograpta albiguttalis Waterhyacinth moth Insecta Insect Notoedres cati Mite (cat mange) Arachnida Arachnid Numida meleagris Helmeted guineafowl Aves Bird Octotoma scabripennis Lantana leaf-mining beetle Insecta Insect Ommatoiulus moreletii Portuguese millipede Diplopoda Millipede Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Actinopterygii Fish Ophiomyia lantanae Lantana seed fly Insecta Insect Oreochromis mossambicus tilapia Actinopterygii Fish Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia Actinopterygii Fish Orthezia insignis Lantana blight Insecta Insect Orthogalumna terebrantis Waterhyacinth mite Arachnida Arachnid Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit Mammalia Mammal Oryx gazella Gemsbok Mammalia Mammal Ovis aries Sheep Mammalia Mammal Species Common name Class Group Oxychilus draparnaudi (small ) Gastropoda Gastropod Parectopa thalassias (leaf-mining moth) Insecta Insect Parisotoma notabilis (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Passer domesticus House sparrow Aves Bird Periplaneta australasiae Australian cockroach Insecta Insect Phacochoerus africanus Warthog Mammalia Mammal Physella acuta (snail) Gastropoda Gastropod Pieris brassicae Cabbage white butterfly Insecta Insect Porcellio scaber Common rough woodlouse Malacostraca Soft shelled crustacean Porcellionides pruinosus Cosmopolitan woodlouse Malacostraca Soft shelled crustacean Proisotoma minuta (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Pseudopyrausta acutangulalis (moth) Insecta Insect Pycnoscelus indicus Cockroach Insecta Insect Rattus rattus House rat Mammalia Mammal Rhyssomatus marginatus (seed-feeding weevil) Insecta Insect Rusa unicolor Sambar Mammalia Mammal Sagartia ornata (anemone) Anthozoa Sea anemone Salmo trutta Brown trout Actinopterygii Fish Sameodes albiguttalis Waterhyacinth moth Insecta Insect Sciurus carolinensis Grey squirrel Mammalia Mammal Scutigera coleoptrata House centipede Chilopoda Centipede Sturnus vulgaris European starling Aves Bird Sus scrofa Feral pig Mammalia Mammal Tarebia granifera Quilted melania () Gastropoda Gastropod Teleonemia scrupulosa Lantana lace bug Insecta Insect Theba pisana White garden snail Gastropoda Gastropod Tilapia sparrmanii Banded tilapia Actinopterygii Fish Tinca tinca Tench Actinopterygii Fish minor (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Tragelaphus angasii Mammalia Mammal Tragelaphus strepsiceros Greater kudu Mammalia Mammal Trichapion lativentre Bud-feeding apionid Insecta Insect Uroplata girardi Lantana leafminer beetle Insecta Insect Varroa destructor Honey bee mite Arachnida Arachnid Vespula germanica European wasp Insecta Insect Vitrea contracta Milky crystal snail Gastropoda Gastropod Xenylla maritima (springtail) Entognatha Springtail Zonitoides arboreus Small air-breathing land snail Gastropoda Gastropod

List of plant species in South Africa with common name and family

Species Common name Family Acacia baileyana Bailey's wattle Fabaceae Acacia cyclops Rooikrans Fabaceae Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Fabaceae Acacia decurrens Green wattle Fabaceae Acacia elata Peppertree wattle Fabaceae Acacia implexa Screw-pod wattle Fabaceae Acacia longifolia Long-leaved wattle Fabaceae Acacia mearnsii Black wattle Fabaceae Acacia melanoxylon Australian blackwood Fabaceae Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo thorn Fabaceae Acacia podalyriifolia Pearl wattle Fabaceae Acacia pycnantha Golden wattle Fabaceae Acacia saligna Port Jackson willow Fabaceae Acacia stricta Hop wattle Fabaceae Acalypha wilkesiana leaf Acanthospermum australe starbur Acanthospermum hispidum Bristly starbur Asteraceae Acanthus mollis Bear's breaches Acanthaceae Acer negundo Box elder Sapindaceae Achyranthes aspera Burweed Adenanthera pavonina Red sandalwood Fabaceae Adiantum raddianum Delta maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Aeschynomene indica Knuckle bean bush Fabaceae Afrocarpus falcatus Outeniqua yellowwood Podocarpaceae Agapanthus praecox Blue lily Agapanthaceae Agathosma betulina Round leaf buchu Rutaceae Agathosma crenulata Oval leaf buchu Rutaceae Agave americana Century plant Agavaceae Agave attenuata Soft-leaved agave Agavaceae Agave sisalana Sisal Agavaceae Agave vivipara Narrow-leaved sisal Agavaceae Ageratina adenophora Crofton weed Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Invading ageratum Asteraceae Ageratum houstonianum Mexican ageratum Asteraceae Agrimonia odorata Fragrant agrimony Rosaceae Agrostis avenacea Bent grass Poaceae Ailanthus altissima of heaven Simaroubaceae Aira cupaniana Silver hairgrass Poaceae Ajuga reptans Carpet bugleweed Lamiaceae Species Common name Family Allamanda cathartica Golden trumpet Allium neapolitanum Fragrant false Alliaceae Allium triquetrum Three cornered leek Alliaceae Alnus viridis Green alder Betulaceae Aloe arborescens Kranz aloe Asphodelaceae Aloe greatheadii Spotted aloe Asphodelaceae Alpinia zerumbet Shell ginger Zingiberaceae Alstroemeria pelegrina Peruvian lily Alstroemeriaceae Alternanthera ficoidea Purple alternanthera Amaranthaceae Alternanthera pungens Khaki bur weed Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis Sessile joyweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus deflexus Perenniel pigweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus Common pigweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus Thorny pigweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis Thorny pigweed Amaranthaceae Ammi majus Lace flower Apiaceae Ammophila arenaria European marram grass Poaceae Amphilophium buccinatorium Mexican blood-trumpet Bignoniaceae Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel Primulaceae Annona reticulata Custard apple Annonaceae Anredera cordifolia vine Basellaceae Anthemis cotula Dog fennel Asteraceae Anthurium andraeanum Flamingo lily Araceae Antigonon leptopus Coral creeper Polygonaceae Apium graveolens Celery Apiaceae Araujia sericifera Moth catcher Apocynaceae Archontophoenix cunninghamiana King palm Arecaceae Argemone mexicana Yellow-flowered Mexican poppy Papaveraceae Argemone ochroleuca Sweet mexican poppy Papaveraceae Aristolochia littoralis Elegant dutchman's pipe Aristolochiaceae Arundo donax Giant reed Poaceae Asclepias curassavica Scarlet milkweed Apocynaceae Aspidistra elatior Cast iron plant Ruscaceae Asplenium nidus Bird's nest fern Aspleniaceae Aster subulatus Common saltmarsh aster Asteraceae Atriplex lindleyi Lindley's saltbush Amaranthaceae Atriplex nummularia Old man saltbush Amaranthaceae Atriplex semibaccata Australian salt bush Amaranthaceae Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (cactus) Cactaceae Avena fatua Common wild oats Poaceae Species Common name Family Axonopus fissifolius Carpet grass Poaceae Azolla filiculoides Red water fern Azollaceae Bambusa balcooa Giant bamboo Poaceae Bambusa multiplex Hedge bamboo Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris Common bamboo Poaceae ericifolia Heath-leaved banksia Coast banksia Proteaceae Basella alba Malabar spinach Basellaceae Basella paniculata East African spinach Basellaceae Bauhinia purpurea Butterfly orchid tree Fabaceae Bauhinia variegata Orchid tree Fabaceae Beaumontia grandiflora Easter lily vine Apocynaceae Bidens bipinnata Spanish blackjack Asteraceae Bidens biternata Five leaved-blackjack Asteraceae Bidens pilosa Common blackjack Asteraceae Boerhavia diffusa Erect boerhavia Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea glabra Paper flower Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea Nyctaginaceae Brachychiton populneus Bottle tree Malvaceae discolor Coast silver oak Asteraceae Brachypodium distachyon Purple false brome Poaceae Breynia disticha Snowbush Phyllanthaceae Briza maxima Big quaking grass Poaceae Briza minor Small quaking grass Poaceae Bromus catharticus Rescue grass Poaceae Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome Poaceae Bromus pectinatus Japanese brome Poaceae Bromus rigidus Ripgut grass Poaceae Browallia americana Jamaican forget-me-not Solanaceae Brugmansia arborea Angel's trumpet Solanaceae Brunfelsia pauciflora Yesterday, today & tomorrow Solanaceae Bryophyllum daigremontianum Mother of millions Crassulaceae Bryophyllum delagoense Chandelier plant Crassulaceae Bryophyllum gastonis-bonnieri Donkey ears Crassulaceae Bryophyllum pinnatum Air plant Crassulaceae Buddleja madagascariensis Madagascar sagewood Scrophulariaceae Caesalpinia decapetala thorn Fabaceae Caesalpinia gilliesii Bird of paradise bush Fabaceae Caesalpinia pulcherrima Pride of Barbados Fabaceae Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea Fabaceae Species Common name Family Calliandra brevipes Fairy duster tree Fabaceae Callisia repens Striped creeping inch plant Commelinaceae Callistemon viminalis Weeping bottlebrush Myrtaceae Campsis grandiflora Chinese trumpet vine Bignoniaceae Campuloclinium macrocephalum Pom pom weed Asteraceae Canna indica Canna Cannaceae Cannabis sativa Marijuana Cannabaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's purse Brassicaceae Capsicum annuum Bird's eye chili Solanaceae Cardiospermum grandiflorum Balloon vine Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum Lesser balloon vine Sapindaceae Carduus tenuiflorus Slender-flowered thistle Asteraceae Carica papaya Pawpaw Caricaceae Caryota mitis Clustered fish-tail palm Arecaceae Caryota urens Common fish-tail palm Arecaceae Yellow oleander Apocynaceae Cassytha filiformis False dodder Lauraceae Castanea sativa Sweet chestnut Fagaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana Beefwood Casuarinaceae Catharanthus roseus Madagascar periwinkle Apocynaceae Cedronella canariensis Balm of Gilead Lamiaceae Ceiba pentandra Silky cotton tree Malvaceae Cenchrus brownii Burgrass Poaceae Cenchrus incertus Mat sandbur Poaceae Centaurea melitensis Cornflower Asteraceae Centranthus ruber Red valerian Valerianaceae Cerastium capense Cape cerastium Caryophyllaceae Cereus jamacaru Queen of the night Cactaceae Cestrum diurnum Inkberry Solanaceae Cestrum elegans Crimson cestrum Solanaceae Cestrum laevigatum Inkberry Solanaceae Chamaedorea elegans Parlour palm Arecaceae Cheilocostus speciosus Crepe ginger Costaceae Chenopodium album White goosefoot Amaranthaceae Chenopodium mucronatum (goosefoot) Amaranthaceae Chenopodium murale Nettleleaf goosefoot Amaranthaceae Chenopodium polyspermum Many-seeded goosefoot Amaranthaceae Chloris virgata Feather fingergrass Poaceae Chromolaena odorata Triffid weed Asteraceae Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree Lauraceae Species Common name Family Cirsium vulgare Scotch thistle Asteraceae Cissus antarctica Kangaroo vine Vitaceae Citharexylum spinosum Fiddlewood Verbenaceae aurantiifolia Lime Rutaceae Citrus limon Lemon Rutaceae Citrus sinensis Sweet orange Rutaceae Cleome gynandra Cat's whiskers Cleomaceae Clerodendrum splendens Flaming glory bower Lamiaceae Clerodendrum thomsoniae Bleeding heart Lamiaceae Clitoria ternatea Butterfly pea Fabaceae Cocculus hirsutus Patalgarudi Menispermaceae Codiaeum variegatum Gold spot Euphorbiaceae Coffea arabica Arabian coffee Rubiaceae Colocasia esculenta Elephant's ear Araceae Commelina benghalensis Bengal wandering Jew Commelinaceae Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed Convolvulaceae Conyza albida (fleabane) Asteraceae Conyza bonariensis Flax-leaf fleabane Asteraceae Conyza canadensis Horseweed fleabane Asteraceae Conyza scabrida Oven bush Asteraceae Conyza sumatrensis Tall fleabane Asteraceae Corchorus tridens Wild jute Malvaceae Corchorus trilocularis Annual ground cherry Malvaceae Cordyline fruticosa Ti plant Liliaceae Coronopus integrifolius Pepper bush Brassicaceae Cortaderia jubata Jubata grass Poaceae Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass Poaceae Cosmos bipinnatus Cosmos Asteraceae Cotoneaster franchetii Orange cotoneaster Rosaceae Cotoneaster pannosus Silver-leaf cotobeaster Rosaceae Cryptomeria japonica Japanese cedar Cupressaceae Cryptostegia grandiflora Rubber vine Apocynaceae Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress Cupressaceae Cuscuta campestris Golden dodder Convolvulaceae Cyathea australis Rough tree fern Cyatheaceae Cycas circinalis Queen sago Cycadaceae Cycas revoluta King sago Cycadaceae Cyclospermum leptophyllum Wild celery Apiaceae Cylindropuntia fulgida Rosea cactus Cactaceae Cylindropuntia imbricata Cane cholla Cactaceae Species Common name Family Cylindropuntia leptocaulis Desert Christmas cactus Cactaceae Cylindropuntia tunicata Tunicata cactus Cactaceae Cynodon dactylon Couch grass Poaceae Cyperus compressus Poorland flat sedge Cyperaceae Cyperus cyperoides Pacific Island flat sedge Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus Yellow nutsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Coco-grass Cyperaceae Datura ferox Large thorn apple Solanaceae Datura inoxia Downy thorn apple Solanaceae Datura stramonium Thorn apple Solanaceae Delonix regia Flamboyant Fabaceae Descurainia sophia Herb sophia Brassicaceae Dianella tasmanica Tasman flax-lily Hemerocallidaceae Dichorisandra thyrsiflora Blue ginger Commelinaceae Digitaria nuda Naked crab grass Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis Large crab grass Poaceae Diplotaxis muralis Sand rocket Poaceae Dittrichia graveolens Cape khakiweed Asteraceae Dolichandra unguis-cati Cat's claw creeper Bignoniaceae Dracaena fragrans Palmillo, Striped dracaena Ruscaceae Dracaena reflexa Dragon tree Ruscaceae Duchesnea indica Wild strawberry Rosaceae Duranta erecta Forget-me-not Verbenaceae Dypsis lutescens Yellow bamboo palm Arecaceae Dysphania ambrosioides Wormseed goosefoot Amaranthaceae Dysphania carinata Green goosefoot Amaranthaceae Dysphania schraderiana (goosefoot) Amaranthaceae Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard grass Poaceae Echinochloa pyramidalis millet Poaceae Echinopsis oxygona Easter lily cactus Cactaceae Echinopsis spachiana Torch cactus Cactaceae Echium plantagineum Patterson's curse Boraginaceae Echium vulgare Blue echium Boraginaceae Eclipta prostrata False daisy Asteraceae Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth Pontederiaceae Eleusine coracana Finger millet Poaceae Emex australis Spiny emex Polygonaceae Encephalartos ferox Zululand cycad Zamiaceae Epidendrum obrienianum scarlet orchid Orchidaceae Epipremnum pinnatum Golden pothos Araceae Species Common name Family Eragrostis barrelieri Mediterranean love grass Poaceae Eragrostis pilosa Indian lovegrass Poaceae Eragrostis tef Teff Poaceae Eragrostis virescens Mexican love grass Poaceae Erica blenna Riversdale heath Ericaceae Erica glandulosa Glandular heath Ericaceae Erica speciosa (heath) Ericaceae Erica versicolor Twotone heath Ericaceae Eriobotrya japonica Loquat Rosaceae Erodium cicutarium Common storksbill Geraniaceae Erodium moschatum Musk heron's bill Geraniaceae Eruca vesicaria Rocket Brassicaceae Erythrina pallida Pink coral tree Fabaceae Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red river gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camphora Eucalypt Myrtaceae Eucalyptus cinerea Florist gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus conferruminata Spider gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus diversicolor Karri Myrtaceae Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus gomphocephala Australian white-gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus grandis Saligna gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus lehmannii Spider gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus saligna Sydney blue gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red iron bark Myrtaceae Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry Myrtaceae Euphorbia cyathophora Wild poinsettia Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia helioscopia Umbrella milkweed Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla Dwarf poinsettia Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta Hairy spurge Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hypericifolia Graceful sandmat Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia inaequilatera Smooth creeping milkweed Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia leucocephala Snow flake Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia milii Crown of thorns Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus Stinging milkweed Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia prostrata Hairy creeping milkweed Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tithymaloides Jacob's ladder Euphorbiaceae Facelis retusa Annual trampweed Asteraceae Fallopia convolvulus Black bindweed Polygonaceae Species Common name Family Ficus carica Common fig Moraceae Flaveria bidentis Smelter's bush Asteraceae Foeniculum vulgare Wild fennel Apiaceae Fraxinus americana American ash Oleaceae Fridericia mollis Liana Bignoniaceae Fuchsia c.f. regia Brazilian climbing fuchsia Onagraceae Fumaria muralis Fumitory Fumariaceae Galinsoga ciliata Hairy galinsoga Asteraceae Galinsoga parviflora Chickweed Asteraceae Gamochaeta purpurea Purple cudweed Asteraceae Gardenia jasminoides Cape jessamine Rubiaceae Genista monspessulana French broom Fabaceae Glandularia aristigera Fine-leaved verbena Verbenaceae Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust Fabaceae Gliricidia sepium Forest lilac Fabaceae Gomphocarpus fruticosus Shrubby milkweed Apocynaceae celosioides Prostrate globe amaranth Amaranthaceae robusta Australian silky oak Proteaceae Guilleminea densa Small matweed Amaranthaceae Rock hakea Proteaceae Willow hakea Proteaceae Silky hakea Proteaceae Hakea suaveolens Droopy hakea Proteaceae Hamelia chrysantha Fire bush Rubiaceae Harpephyllum caffrum South African wild plum Anacardiaceae Harrisia martinii Torch cactus Cactaceae Hedera English ivy Araliaceae Hedychium coccineum Red ginger lily Zingiberaceae Hedychium coronarium White ginger lily Zingiberaceae Hedychium gardnerianum Kahili ginger lily Zingiberaceae Heimia myrtifolia Sinicuichi Lythraceae Helianthus annuus Sunflower Asteraceae Heliotropium indicum Indian heliotrope Boraginaceae Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese cotton Malvaceae Hibiscus schizopetalus Coral hibiscus Malvaceae Holmskioldia sanguinea Chinese hat plant Verbenaceae populifolius Bleeding heart Euphorbiaceae Hordeum murinum Wild Barley Poaceae Hordeum stenostachys Little barley Poaceae Howea belmoreana Belmore sentry palm Arecaceae Species Common name Family Hoya carnosa Hindu rope plant Apocynaceae Hybanthus enneaspermus Pink lady's slipper Violaceae Hydrocotyle americana Navelwort Araliaceae Hylocereus undatus Night-blooming cereus Cactaceae Hymenocallis littoralis Spider lily Amaranthaceae Hypericum perforatum St John's wort Hypericaceae Hypochoeris brasiliensis Brazilian cat's ear Asteraceae Hypochoeris glabra Smooth cat's ear Asteraceae Hypochoeris radicata Cat's ear Asteraceae Hypoestes phyllostachya Polka dot plant Acanthaceae Impatiens walleriana Busy lizzy Balsaminaceae Ipomoea alba Moonflower Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cairica Messina creeper Convolvulaceae Ipomoea indica Morning glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae Beach morning glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea purpurea Morning glory Convolvulaceae Ipomoea tricolor Heavenly blue Convolvulaceae Iresine herbstii Blood leaf Amaranthaceae Iris domestica Leopard lily Iridaceae Ixora coccinea Flame of the Rubiaceae Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda Bignoniaceae Jatropha podagrica Gout plant Euphorbiaceae Justicia brandegeeana Shrimp plant Acanthaceae Kalanchoe beharensis Velvet leaf Crassulaceae Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi South American air plant Crassulaceae Lactuca inermis Wild lettuce Asteraceae Lagerstroemia indica Pride-of- Lythraceae Lagurus ovatus Bunny-tail grass Poaceae Lamium amplexicaule Henbit deadnettle Lamiaceae Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae Lepidium bonariense Pepperwort Brassicaceae Lepidium didymum Carrot weed Brassicaceae Lepidium draba Hoary cress Brassicaceae Lepidium ruderale Roadside pepperweed Brassicaceae Leptospermum laevigatum Australian teatree Myrtaceae tinctum Spicy conebush Proteaceae Leucaena leucocephala Wonder tree Fabaceae conocarpodendron Tree pincushion Proteaceae Leucospermum cordifolium Showy pincushion Proteaceae Leucospermum gerrardii Soapstone pincushion Proteaceae Species Common name Family Leucospermum reflexum Rocket pincushion Proteaceae Ligustrum japonicum Japanese privet Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare Common privet Oleaceae Liriope muscari Lily turf Ruscaceae Litchi chinensis Litchi Sapindaceae Litsea glutinosa Indian laurel Lauraceae Livistona chinensis Chinese fountain palm Arecaceae Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Poaceae Lolium perenne Perrenial ryegrass Poaceae Lolium rigidum Wimmera ryegrass Poaceae Lolium temulentum Darnel ryegrass Poaceae Lotus subbiflorus Lotus Fabaceae Luffa cylindrica Sponge gourd Cucurbitaceae Lupinus angustifolius Narrowleaf lupine Fabaceae Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Lythraceae Malva arborea Tree mallow Malvaceae Malva neglecta Common mallow Malvaceae Malva parviflora Small mallow Malvaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum Prickly malvastrum Malvaceae Malvaviscus arboreus Turk's cap Malvaceae Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae Manihot esculenta Bitter cassava Euphorbiaceae Maranta leuconeura Ten-commandments Marantaceae Medicago polymorpha Bur clover Fabaceae Medicago sativa Alfalfa Fabaceae Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Brazilian red-cloak Acanthaceae Melaleuca leucadendra Weeping tea tree Myrtaceae Melia azedarach Chinaberry Meliaceae Melilotus albus White sweet clover Fabaceae Melilotus indicus Annual yellow sweet clover Fabaceae Melinis repens Natal red-top Poaceae Metrosideros excelsa bottlebrush Myrtaceae Mimosa pigra Giant sensitive plant Fabaceae Mirabilis jalapa Four-o'-clock Nyctaginaceae Molineria capitulata Palm-grass Hypoxidaceae Mollugo nudicaulis Carpet weed Molluginaceae Momordica charantia Bitter cucumber Cucurbitaceae Monochoria vaginalis Pontederia Pontederiaceae Monstera deliciosa Delicious monster Araceae Species Common name Family Moringa oleifera Horse-radish tree Moringaceae White mulberry Moraceae Muehlenbeckia platyclados Tapeworm plant Polygonaceae Mussaenda frondosa Flag bush Rubiaceae Myoporum insulare Boobialla Scrophulariaceae Myoporum montanum Manatoka Scrophulariaceae Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot's feather Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked water milfoil Haloragaceae Myrtillocactus geometrizans Bilberry cactus Cactaceae Nandina domestica Heavenly bamboo Berberidaceae Nasella trichotoma Nasella tussock Poaceae Nasturtium officinale Watercress Brassicaceae Neomarica caerulea Blue walking dietes Iridaceae Nephrolepis exaltata Sword fern Lomariopsidaceae oleander Oleander Apocynaceae Neslia paniculata Ball mustard Brassicaceae Nicandra physalodes Apple-of-Peru Solanaceae Nicotiana glauca Brazilian tree tobacco Solanaceae Nothoscordum gracile Fragrant false garlic Alliaceae Odontonema tubaeforme Firespike Acanthaceae Oenothera indecora Evening primrose Onagraceae Oenothera jamesii Trumpet evening primrose Onagraceae Oenothera parodiana (evening primrose) Onagraceae Oenothera rosea Rose evening primrose Onagraceae Oenothera stricta Fragrant evening primrose Onagraceae Opuntia articulata Paper spine cactus Cactaceae Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus Cactaceae Opuntia engelmannii Small round leaved prickly pear Cactaceae Opuntia ficus-indica Sweet prickly pear Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa Creeping prickly pear Cactaceae Opuntia monacantha Drooping prickly pear Cactaceae Opuntia robusta Wheel cactus Cactaceae Opuntia stricta Erect prickly pear Cactaceae Ornithogalum thyrsoides Chinkerinchee Hyacinthaceae Ornithopus sativus Common bird's foot Fabaceae Orobanche minor Lesser broomrape Orobanchaceae Oxalis corniculata Creeping sorrel Oxalidaceae Oxalis latifolia Red garden sorrel Oxalidaceae Pachira glabra French peanut Malvaceae Pandanus tectorius Variegated screw-pine Pandanaceae Species Common name Family Pandanus utilis Common screw-pine Pandanaceae Panicum maximum grass Poaceae Panicum schinzii Sweet grass Poaceae Papaver aculeatum South African poppy Papaveraceae Paraserianthes lophantha Stinkbean Fabaceae Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem thorn Fabaceae Parthenium hysterophorus Congress weed Asteraceae Paspalum dilatatum Common paspalum Poaceae Paspalum distichum Knot grass Poaceae Paspalum urvillei Vasey grass Poaceae Passiflora caerulea Blue passion flower Passifloraceae Passiflora edulis Yellow passion fruit Passifloraceae Passiflora mollissima Banana passion fruit Passifloraceae Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu grass Poaceae Pennisetum purpureum Elephant grass Poaceae Pennisetum setaceum Fountain grass Poaceae Peperomia marmorata Silver heart Piperaceae Pereskia aculeata Barbados gooseberry Cactaceae Persea americana Avocado Lauraceae Persicaria lapathifolia Spotted knotweed Polygonaceae Persicaria limbata Knotweed Polygonaceae Petrorhagia prolifera Tunica prolifera Caryophyllaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed canary grass Poaceae Phalaris minor Little-seeded canary grass Poaceae Philodendron bipennifolium Horsehead philodendron Araceae Philodendron bipinnatifidum Lacy tree philodendron Araceae Phlebodium aureum Rabbit's foot fern Polypodiaceae Phoenix canariensis Canary island date palm Arecaceae Phoenix roebelenii Dwarf date palm Arecaceae Phormium tenax New Zealand flax Hemerocallidaceae Physalis angulata Wild gooseberry Solanaceae Physalis peruviana Cape gooseberry Solanaceae Phytolacca dioica Belhambra Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca octandra Inkberry Phytolaccaceae Pilea cadierei Aluminium plant Urticaceae Pilea microphylla Artillery plant Urticaceae Pinus canariensis Canary pine Pinaceae Pinus halepensis Allepo pine Pinaceae Pinus patula Mexican weeping pine Pinaceae Pinus pinaster Maritime pine Pinaceae Species Common name Family Pinus pinea Stone pine Pinaceae Pinus radiata Monterey pine Pinaceae Pinus roxburghii Chir pine Pinaceae Pinus taeda Loblolly pine Pinaceae Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Araceae Pittosporum undulatum Sweet pittosporum Pittosporaceae Plantago lanceolata English plantain Plantaginaceae Plantago major Broad-leaved ribwort Plantaginaceae Plantago virginica Dwarf plantain Plantaginaceae Platanus acerifolia London planetree Platanaceae Plectranthus barbatus Woolly plectranthus Lamiaceae Plectranthus scutellarioides Painted nettle Lamiaceae Plumbago zeylanica White leadwort Plumbaginaceae Plumeria rubra Frangipani Apocynaceae Poa annua Wintergrass Poaceae Poa pratensis Kentucky blue grass Poaceae Polycarpaea corymbosa Old man's cap Caryophyllaceae Polycarpon tetraphyllum Four-leaved allseed Caryophyllaceae Polygala virgata Purple broom Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare Prostrate knotweed Polygonaceae Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbit's foot Poaceae alba White poplar Salicaceae Populus canescens Grey poplar Salicaceae Populus deltoides Rio Grande cottonwood Salicaceae Populus nigra Black poplar Salicaceae Portulaca oleracea Common purslane Portulacaceae Portulaca quadrifida Chickenweed Portulacaceae Prosopis glandulosa Honey mesquite Fabaceae Prosopis velutina Velvet mesquite Fabaceae burchellii Burchell's sugarbush Proteaceae Botriver sugarbush Proteaceae Laurel-leaf sugarbush Proteaceae Queen protea Proteaceae Narrowleaf sugarbush Proteaceae Stinkleaf sugarbush Proteaceae Prunus persica Peach tree Rosaceae Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Cudweed Asteraceae Psidium guajava Guava Myrtaceae Ptychosperma macarthurii Hurricane palm Arecaceae Pupalia lappacea Sweethearts Amaranthaceae Species Common name Family Pyracantha angustifolia Yellow firethorn Rosaceae Pyracantha coccinea Scarlet firethorn Rosaceae Pyrostegia venusta Flame trumpet vine Bignoniaceae Pyrus communis Pear tree Rosaceae Quercus ilex Holm oak Fagaceae Quercus nigra Water oak Fagaceae Quercus palustris Pin oak Fagaceae Quercus robur English oak Fagaceae Quercus suber Cork oak Fagaceae Raphanus raphanistrum Wild radish Brassicaceae Rapistrum rugosum Wild mustard Brassicaceae Rhus lancea karee Anacardiaceae Richardia brasiliensis Mexican clover Rubiaceae Richardia humistrata South American Mexican clover Rubiaceae Ricinus communis Castor oil plant Euphorbiaceae Rivina humilis Bloodberry Phytolaccaceae Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust tree Fabaceae Rosa rubiginosa Sweetbriar rose Rosaceae Rostraria pumila Rough cat's tail Poaceae Roystonea regia Cuban royal palm Arecaceae Rubus affinis Bramble, blackberry Rosaceae Rubus cuneifolius American bramble Rosaceae Rubus fruticosus European blackberry Rosaceae Rumex crispus Curled sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex nepalensis dock Polygonaceae Sabal palmetto Blue palmetto Arecaceae Salix babylonica Babylon willow Salicaceae Salix fragilis Brittle willow Salicaceae Salsola kali Russian thistle Amaranthaceae Salvia microphylla Cherry sage Lamiaceae Salvinia adnata Kariba weed Salviniaceae Sambucus canadensis American elderberry Adoxaceae Sanchezia oblonga Noble sanchezia Acanthaceae Sansevieria trifasciata Mother-in-law's tongue Ruscaceae Schefflera actinophylla Australian cabbage tree Araliaceae Schefflera arboricola Dwarf umbrella tree Araliaceae Schinus molle Peruvian pepper Anacardiaceae Schinus terebinthifolia Brazilian pepper tree Anacardiaceae Schkuhria pinnata Dwarf marigold Asteraceae Schoenoplectus triqueter Streambank bulrush Cyperaceae Species Common name Family Senecio tamoides Canary creeper Asteraceae Senna bicapsularis Rambling cassia Fabaceae Senna corymbosa Yellow senna Fabaceae Senna didymobotrya Peanut butter cassia Fabaceae Senna multiglandulosa Peanut butter weed Fabaceae Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod Fabaceae Senna occidentalis Coffee senna Fabaceae Senna pendula Christmas senna Fabaceae Senna septemtrionalis Arsenic bush Fabaceae Senna spectabilis Scented cassia Fabaceae Sesbania bispinosa Spiny sesbania Fabaceae Sesbania punicea Red sesbania Fabaceae Setaria palmifolia Palm grass Poaceae Setaria parviflora Marsh bristlegrass Poaceae Setaria verticillata Sticky bristle grass Poaceae Silene gallica French silene Caryophyllaceae Sisymbrium orientale Indian hedge mustard Brassicaceae Solanum americanum Black nightshade Solanaceae Solanum betaceum Tree tomato Solanaceae Solanum chenopodioides Tall nightshade Solanaceae Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf bitter apple Solanaceae Solanum laxum Jasmine nightshade Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Woolly nightshade Solanaceae Solanum physalifolium Green nightshade Solanaceae Solanum pseudocapsicum Jerusalem cherry Solanaceae Solanum seaforthianum Brazilian nightshade Solanaceae Solanum sisymbriifolium Dense-thorned bitter apple Solanaceae Sonchus asper Spiny sowthistle Asteraceae Sonchus dregeanus (sow thistle) Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Smooth sow thistle Asteraceae Spartium junceum Spanish broom Fabaceae Spathodea campanulata African flame tree Bignoniaceae Spergularia media Greater sea-spurrey Caryophyllaceae Sphaeropteris cooperi Australian tree fern Cyatheaceae Sphagneticola trilobata daisy Asteraceae Stachytarpheta mutabilis Pink porterweed Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta urticifolia Blue porterweed Verbenaceae Stellaria media Chickweed Caryophyllaceae sinuatus Queensland firewheel tree Proteaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum Buffalo grass Poaceae Species Common name Family Stictocardia beraviensis Mile-a-minute Convolvulaceae Strobilanthes dyerianus Persian shield Acanthaceae Syagrus romanzoffiana Queen palm Arecaceae Symphyotrichum squamatum Narrow-leaved aster Asteraceae Syngonium podophyllum Goose-foot plant Araceae Syzygium cumini Jambolan Myrtaceae Syzygium paniculatum Australian water pear Myrtaceae Tabebuia ochracea South American trumpet tree Bignoniaceae Tagetes minuta Tall khaki weed Asteraceae Talinum paniculatum Pink baby breath Portulacaceae Tamarix chinensis Chinese tamarisk Tamaricaceae Tamarix ramosissima Pink tamarix Tamaricaceae Tamarix usneoides Pink tamarisk Tamaricaceae Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Asteraceae Tecoma stans Yellow trumpet flower Bignoniaceae Tetrapanax papyrifer Rice-paper tree Araliaceae Thunbergia alata Bengal clock vine Acanthaceae Tibouchina elegans Tibouchina Melastomataceae Tillandsia usneoides Spanish moss Bromeliaceae Tipuana tipu Tipu tree Fabaceae Tithonia diversifolia Mexican sunflower Asteraceae Toona ciliata Toon tree Meliaceae Torilis arvensis Spreading hedge parseley Apiaceae Tradescantia fluminensis Spiderwort Commelinaceae Tradescantia pallida Purple wandering Jew Commelinaceae Tradescantia spathacea Oyster plant Commelinaceae Tradescantia zebrina Striped wandering Jew Commelinaceae Tragopogon dubius Yellow goat's beard Asteraceae Tragus berteronianus Spiked burr grass Poaceae Tribulus terrestris Puncture vine Zygophyllaceae Tridax procumbens Tridax daisy Asteraceae Trifolium angustifolium Narrowleaf clover Fabaceae Trifolium arvense Rabbitfoot clover Fabaceae Trifolium burchellianum Moroko Fabaceae Trifolium repens White clover Fabaceae Trigonella glabra Egyptian fenugreek Fabaceae Tropaeolum majus Indian Cress Tropaeolaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Urticaceae Urtica membranacea Largeleaf nettle Urticaceae Urtica urens Small stinging nettle Urticaceae Species Common name Family Vanilla roscheri Climbing orchid Orchidaceae Verbascum virgatum Aaron's rod Scrophulariaceae Verbena bonariensis Tall verbena Verbenaceae Verbena litoralis Brazilian vervain Verbenaceae Verbesina encelioides Wild sunflower Asteraceae Veronica persica Birdeye speedwell Scrophulariaceae Vicia benghalensis Narrow-leaf purple vetch Fabaceae Vicia hirsuta Small Purple vetch Fabaceae Vicia sativa Spear-leaved purple vetch Fabaceae Vinca major Blue periwinkle Apocynaceae Virgilia divaricata Cape lilac Fabaceae Vitex trifolia Vitex tree Lamiaceae Vulpia bromoides Fescue Poaceae Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail fescue Poaceae Waltheria indica Sleepy morning Malvaceae Washingtonia robusta Mexican fan palm Arecaceae Xanthium spinosum Spiny cocklebur Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium Large cocklebur Asteraceae Yucca aloifolia Dagger plant Agavaceae Yucca gloriosa Yucca Agavaceae Zaleya pentandra African purslane Aizoaceae Zingiber zerumbet Wild ginger Zingiberaceae Zinnia peruviana Peruvian zinnia Asteraceae Zornia diphylla Trencilla Fabaceae