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Samoa’S National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020

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Samoa’S National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 Samoa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 Table of Contents Section Page No. List of Acronyms 3-4 Foreword 5 Executive Summary 6-8 PART I: SETTING THE CONTEXT 1 Introduction 1.1 Links to the Convention on Biological Diversity 11-12 2 Samoa – Background Information 2.1 Geographic features and location 12 2.2 Land, sea and land tenure 12 2.3 Population 12-13 2.4 Social organization 13-14 2.5 Political system 14-15 2.6 Forest distribution 15-17 3. Understanding biodiversity 17-18 4. Biodiversity and ecosystem services – relevance to Samoa’s development 4.1 Agricultural biodiversity 18-19 4.2 Fisheries and marine resources 19 4.3 Forests 20 4.4 Terrestrial and marine fauna 20 4.5 Biodiversity and tourism 20-21 5 Causes and consequences of biodiversity losses 5.1 Drivers of biodiversity losses 21 5.1.1 Geographic smallness and isolation 21 5.1.2 Demographics 22 5.1.3 Access to resources and land tenure system 22-23 5.1.4 Economic development 23 5.1.5 Changing consumption patterns and lifestyles 24 5.1.6 Climate change and climate variability 24-25 5.2 Pressures on Samoa’s biodiversity 5.2.1 Invasive species 25 5.2.2 Natural disasters 25 5.2.3 Unsustainable exploitation of resources 26-27 5.2.4 Poorly planned development activities 27 6 Legal and Institutional framework for biodiversity conservation 6.1 Legislation 28-29 6.2 Relevant Sector policies and plans 29 6.3 Multilateral Environmental Agreements 29 6.4 Relevant regional biodiversity policy framework 30 7 2001 NBSAP and process for NBSAP Updating 7.1 2001 NBSAP implementation 30-31 7.2 Main findings 31-32 7.3 Process of Updating the NBSAP 32-33 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 1 Samoa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 PART II: NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY – Principles, Priorities and Targets 1 Vision 34 2 Mission 34 3 Principles governing the Strategy 34 4 Main goals and priority areas 35 5 National targets 35-37 PART III: NATIONAL ACTION PLAN 38-59 1 Strategic Goals, Targets and Actions 1.1 Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes and drivers of biodiversity loss by consolidating the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation across government and society. 1.2 Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 1.3 Strategic Goal C: Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 1.4 Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services. 1.5 Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services. 1.6 Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building. 2 Biodiversity Mainstreaming: Current Status and Next Actions PART IV: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1 Capacity development for NBSAP 60-61 Human resources needs Technological needs 2 Communication and Outreach Strategy for NBSAP 62 3 Resource mobilization for NBSAP implementation 62-64 PART V: INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING AND REPORTING 1 National Coordinating Structures 65 1.1 NBSAP Coordination 66 2 National Clearinghouse Mechanism (CHM) 66-67 3 Monitoring and Evaluation Annexes: 1 References used 68 2 On-going and pipeline projects addressing NBSAP prescribed actions 69 3 2001 NBSAP Assessment Report – Implementation matrix and Analysis 70-79 4 List of Technical Working Group 80 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 2 Samoa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 List of acronyms ABS Access and Benefit Sharing ABT Aichi Biodiversity Targets ASP Agriculture Sector Plan CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CC Climate Change CEPF Critical Ecosystems Protection Fund CI Conservation International CIM Plans Coastal Infrastructure Management Plans COP Conference of the Parties CSO Civil Society Organizations DMO Disaster Management Office DPSIR Drivers-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMC Bill Environment Management and Conservation Bill EPC Electric Power Corporation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GEF NFP GEF National Focal Point GCRMN Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network GD Gangwon Declaration on Biodiversity for Sustainable Development GHG Green House Gases GoS Government of Samoa IUCN International Union for the Conservation of nature/World Conservation Union KBA Key Biodiversity Areas LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries METI Matua-ile-Oō Environment Trust Inc. MNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOF Ministry of Finance NAPA National Adaptation Plan of Action NECSAP National Environment Capacity Strategy and Action Plan NESP AC NESP Advisory Committee NPSAP CG NBSAP Coordinating Group NP National Park NESP National Environment Sector Plan 2013 - 2016 OLSS O le Siosiomaga Society Inc. PEAR Preliminary Environmental Assessment Report PUMA Planning and Urban Management Agency RE Renewable Energy SATFP Samoa Agroforestry and Tree Farming Project SBS Samoa Bureau of Statistics SDS Strategy for the Development of Samoa SMEC Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation SOE State of the Environment SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission SPC Secretariat for the Pacific Community SPREP Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme STDP Samoa Tourism Development Plan STMPD Samoa Tuna Management Development Plan TBK Traditional Biological Knowledge Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 3 Samoa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 TLB Taro Leaf Blight TWG Technical Working Group UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WHO World Health Organization WRD Water Resources Division, MNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 4 Samoa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 Foreword It is my sincere pleasure on behalf of the Government of Samoa, to endorse its updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 – 2020. Samoa’s biodiversity plays a fundamental role to the physical, social, cultural and economic well-being of its people. The updated NBSAP sets out Samoa’s priorities for biodiversity protection, conservation and the sustainable management of our biological resources to 2020. It builds on from the original NBSAP (2001) reporting on achievements made so far in parallel with proposed outcomes in the last NBSAP and importantly, addressing challenges and issues raised for improvements following a series of consultations with its relevant stakeholders for the updated NBSAP. Samoa’s NBSAP recognises S.A.M.O.A Pathway: the Outcome statement of the 2014 Small Islands Development States conference emphasising on the importance of building partnerships with stakeholders to support the effective implementation of NBSAP and acknowledging its links to sustainable tourism and climate change resilience building [Any reference to the recently endorsed Sustainable Development Goals especially Goals 14 and 15]? . The updated NBSAP also recognizes and takes on board the concerns of the 2014 Gangwon Declaration (GD) on Biodiversity for Sustainable Development at its twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 12) to Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). These concerns include, inter alia, the conclusions of the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook stressing on; slow progress of works so far in relations to the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, biodiversity loss continues with increasing adverse impacts on the well-being of humans and the importance for parties to link the implementation of the post 2015 development agenda to other relevant processes including NBSAPs. The objectives set forth in this plan are based on nationally established goals and are designed to address National priorities. It is envisaged that with strong support, collaboration and appreciation of Samoa’s biodiversity that we as a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity will be able to contribute towards the achievement of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by 2020. Realistically, climate change is irreversible coupled with the increase in anthropogenic activities continues, to threaten our biological resources. This updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan addresses these issues, acknowledges the value of our biodiversity to human livelihood and most importantly recognizes the importance of having a strategic approach on having a shared vision, a mission and strategic goals and targets that will inspire broad-based actions by all parties and stakeholders to undertake urgent actions that effectively reduce the rate of, halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. Last but not the least; a healthy Samoa is in our own hands. Our decision today makes a big difference tomorrow. Soifua Hon. Faamoetauloa Lealaiauloto Taito Nanai Dr.FaaleTumaalii Minister of Natural Resources & Environment Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 5 Samoa’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015 - 2020 Executive Summary Samoa’ updated NBSAP adopts the Global Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011 – 2020 template and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (ABT) as a flexible framework in compliance with the tenth Conference of the Parties
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