I ' o~ 1 0
OFF PUB. RETAIL J
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~~~~ ~~ /~~.i- ~/~~. ~~ • /~'`~ / ~ v ~
1 ~. ~... ~ ~ t` ~, .~►_.r ~ ~~ ~~,~~~~!-. ~j~-/1 '~~, .~►► ~. ~► ~ // ~~~~,_ ~~ ,,~~ ~/ \.~ ~., _, ~,- READY, SST, G0...
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 1 Associate Publisher: Carrie Lavine Acquisitions Manager: Kristine Plachy Developmental Editor: Dan Brodnitz Editor: Lee Ann Pickrell Technical Editor: Sandra Teng Book Design Director: Catalin Dulfu Book Designer: Design Site, Tracy Dean Desktop Publisher: GetSet! PrePress Production Coordinators: Alexa Riggs, Robin Kibby Indexer: Ted Laux Cover Designer: Design Site Cover Photographer: Dennis O'Ciair, photograph furnished by Tony Stone Images
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Netscape Communications, the Netscape Communications logo, Netscape, and Netscape Navigator are trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation.
Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. However, SYBEX assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties which would result from such use.
Photographs and illustrations used in this book have been downloaded from publicly accessible file archives and are used in this book for news reportage purposes only to demonstrate the variety of graphics resources available via electronic access. Text and images available over the Internet may be subject to copyright and other rights owned by third parties. Online availability of text and images does not imply that they may be reused without the permission of rights holders, although the Copyright Ad does perrnit certain unauthorized reuse as fair use under 17 U.S. C. Sedion 107.
An earlier version of this book was published under the title A Guided Tour of the Internet© 1995 SYBEX Inc. Copyright© 1996 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Card Number: 96-67838 ISBN: 0-7821-1887-9
Manufactured in the United States of America
1098765
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 2 ts at a Glance
Introduction ...... xvi Chapter 1: Just Enough to Get Started ...... 1 Chapter 2: Sending and Receiving E-Mail ...... 19 Chapter 3: Making the Most of E-Mail ...... 45 Chapter 4: Browsing the Web ...... 60 Chapter 5: Finding Stuff on the Net ...... 97 Chapter 6: Plugging In to Multimedia ...... 120 Chapter 7: Getting on Mailing Lists ...... 139 Chapter 8: Usenet News-Read All about It ...... 151 Chapter 9: Chatting on the IRC ...... 205 Chapter 10: FTP and Telnet-the Transporter Beams ...... 219 Chapter 11: Gopher and Gopherspace ...... 239 Chapter 12: Making a Simple Home Page ...... 261 Appendix A: Getting Connected and Getting Started ...... 275 Appendix 8: Glossary of Internet Terms ...... 287 Index ...... 333
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 3 B Chapter One
terms used in this book.) Notice that I just used the word Net and not Internet. For the most part, the words are synonymous, although some people will use the word Net to refer to just about any aspect of the global inter-networking of computers.
What Is the Internet?
In this chapter, there are no dumb questions. Everybody talks about the Internet these days but most people don't really know what it is. One reason for this is that the Internet looks different depending on how you come across it and what you do with it. Another reason is that everyone talks about it as if it's actually a network, like a local network in someone's office or even a large global network like CompuServe. Fact is, it's something different. A beast unto itself. The Internet is really a way for computers to communicate. As long as a computer or smaller network can "speak" the Internet lingo (or proto cols, to be extra formal about it) to other machines, then it's "on the Internet:' If the Internet were a language, it wouldn't be French or Farsi or Tagalog or even English. It would be Esperanto. Having said that, I might backtrack and allow that there's nothing wrong with think ing of the Internet as if it is a single network unto itself. It certainly behaves like one in a lot of important ways. But this can be misleading. No one "owns" the Internet. No one even really runs it. And no one can turn it off. {-mail and aWhole Lot More The Internet is also a collection of different ways to communicate or store informa tion in a retrievable form. Take e-mail, for example. If you work in an office with a local area network, then chances are you have an e-mail account and can communicate with people in your office by sending them messages. (See Chapters 2 and 3 for an in depth discussion of all the ins and outs of e-mail.) This is not the Internet. Likewise, if you have an account at America Online and you send a message to someone else at
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 4
newbies). newbies).
5 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
Say Say you you
have have
an an
AOL AOL
account account
and and
you you
join join one one
of of
discussion discussion the the
groups groups
This This
can can
be be confusing confusing
to to first-time first-time
Internet Internet
users users
(universally (universally
referred referred
to to as as
the the Net Net at at Home.) Home.)
Internet. Internet.
(I (I
cover cover
online online
services services
later later
in in
this this chapter/ chapter/
in in the the
section section
called called Accessing Accessing
the the
Internet/ Internet/
they they
can can
and and often often
do do
provide provide
access access through through
their their
gateways gateways
to to
the the
office office
network network
I I
described described
and and
the the
big big commercial commercial
online online
services services
are are
not not
themselves themselves
to to
a a
network network
or or
service service
provider provider
thafs thafs
connected connected
to to the the
Internet. Internet.
And And
while while
the the
local local
ing ing
to to each each
other. other.
A A single single
computer computer
can can
also also participate participate
in in
the the
Internet Internet
by by
connecting connecting
But/ But/
from from
your your point point
of of view/ view/
the the
Internet Internet
is is
not not just just a a
collection collection
of of networks networks all all talk
network network to to another. another.
e-mail e-mail from from one one
The The Internet Internet carries carries
FIGURE FIGURE 1.1: 1.1:
(see (see Figure Figure 1.1 1.1 ). ).
CompuServe/ CompuServe/
or or elsewhere/ elsewhere/
then/ then/
again/ again/ you you
are are sending sending
messages messages
over over
the the Internet Internet
Likewise/ Likewise/
if if you you
send send
a a
message message
from from
your your
AOL AOL account account
to to someone someone at at
you/re you/re
sending sending mail mail over over the the Internet. Internet.
Internet/ Internet/
and and
you you send send
e-mail e-mail
to to
someone someone
who who does does
not not
work work
at at your your
office/ office/
then then
AOL/ AOL/
you/re you/re
still still
not not
using using
the the
Internet. Internet.
But/ But/
if if your your
office office
network network has has gateway gateway a a to to the the
Just Just [nough [nough to to Get Get Started Started B Chapter One
(bulletin boards) there. It may not be obvious to you right away whether you're talk ing in an internal venue, one only accessible to AOL members, or in a public Internet newsgroup. One of the benefits of an online service is the seamlessness that makes everything within your grasp appear to be part of the same little program running on your computer.
The Web Is Not the Net, or Is It? Nowadays, most of the hype about the Internet is focused on the World Wide Web. It's existed for under ten years now but it's been the fastest growing and most popu lar part of the Net for many of those years (except, perhaps, for the voluminous flow of e-mail around the globe). But what is the Web (also called WWW or w3) and is it the same thing as the Internet? Well, to answer the second question first: yes and no. Technically, the Web is just part of the Internet-or, more properly, a way of getting around part of the Internet. But it's a big part, because a lot of the Internet that's not strictly speaking part of the Web can still be reached through it. So the Web, on one level, is an interface. A window onto the Net. A way of getting to where you're going. Its appeal derives from three different benefits: 1. It disguises the gobbledygook that passes for Internet addresses and commands. (See A Few Words about Internet Addresses at the end of this chapter.) 2. It wraps up most of the different features of the Internet into a single interface. 3. It allows you to see pictures, and even hear sounds or watch movies (if your computer can hack it), along with your helpings of text.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 6
7 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
probably probably
how how they they will will work work one one day). day).
onto onto
your your
computer computer
screen. screen.
This This is is how how
all all computer computer
functions functions
should should work work
(and (and
computer computer
at at
the the
other other
end, end,
and and
brings brings
the the
picture, picture,
text, text,
program, program,
or or activity activity
you you desire desire
and and
your your
browser browser
program program
talks talks the the
Internet Internet
talk, talk,
negotiates negotiates
the the
transaction transaction
with with
the the
English English
key key words words
highlighted highlighted
in in
some some
way. way.
Simply Simply
select select or or click click
on on
the the key key
words, words,
what what
you you
see see
in in your your Web Web
browser browser
(the (the
program program
you you
use use to to travel travel
the the Web) Web)
is is
plain plain
addresses addresses
you you
use use
to to
navigate navigate
the the Net. Net. Instead Instead
of of these these commands commands
and and
addresses, addresses,
The The
Web Web
uses uses
a a
method method
called called
hypertext hypertext
to to disguise disguise
the the
actual actual
commands commands
and and
quite quite
as as
easy easy as as flipping flipping through through a a magazine. magazine.
them them
onto onto
your your
PC PC
or or
Mac, Mac,
and and
then then
run run
some some
special special
program program
to to look look at at
them. them.
Not Not
pipelines pipelines
that that
constituted constituted
the the
Net. Net. Next Next
you'd you'd
have have to to decode decode
the the files, files,
download download
then then
were were
encoded encoded
as as
plain plain
text text so so
they they could could
be be squeezed squeezed
through through
the the
text-only text-only
you you
could could
download download
enormous enormous
text text
files files that that
had had begun begun
their their
lives lives
as as pictures pictures
and and
plain plain
text, text,
reams reams
and and
reams reams
of of
words. words.
No No
pictures. pictures.
Well, Well, if if you you were were
dying dying for for pictures pictures
newsgroups, newsgroups,
download download
files, files,
and and so so
on. on.
You'd You'd
still still be be looking looking
at at
lots lots
of of screenfuls screenfuls
of of
out out
there, there,
and and
mastered mastered
the the
Unix Unix programs programs
needed needed
to to send send and and
receive receive
mail, mail, read read
lems lems
of of
logging logging
in in
with with a a
communications communications
program program
to to a a Unix Unix computer computer
somewhere somewhere
Imagine Imagine
it's it's
1991 1991 and and
you've you've
gotten gotten yourself yourself
an an
Internet Internet
account, account,
solved solved
the the prob
the the effort effort
required required
to to surmount surmount this this type type of of barrier. barrier.
connected connected
to to
it. it.
If If
you've you've
ever ever
wrestled wrestled
with with
DOS DOS
and and lost, lost, then then
you you can can appreciate appreciate
understanding understanding
the the
Internet's Internet's
system system
for for
numbering numbering
and and naming naming
all all the the
computers computers
ing ing
on on your your
type type
of of
access) access)
used used to to
require require
knowing knowing
weird weird Unix Unix
commands commands
and and
Web, Web,
to to do do
anything anything
beyond beyond
simple simple
e-mail e-mail
(and (and even even
that that could could
be be difficult, difficult,
depend
three three
features features
of of
the the
Web Web have have
spurred spurred
on on
the the
Internet Internet
boom. boom. First First
of of
all, all, before before
the the
It It
helps helps
to to
know know a a
little little
bit bit
about about
the the history history
of of the the Net Net to to understand understand why why these these .. Chapter One
Early, Unix-based Web browsers such as Www (developed at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory where the Web was invented) and Lynx (developed at the University of Kansas) were not especially attractive to look at, but they did offer the "one-step" technique for jumping to a specific location on the Net or downloading a file or piece of software. Figure 1.2 shows Lynx, running on a Unix machine in a termi nal window and connected to a PC by a modem.
5 n t 5 r z o n 5
ENTERZONE EPISODE 5
hyper v:reb text zine media art Ch1cken UJire Mother
INSIDE THIS Al-H.JIVEP.~::.u.:~y EPISODE
Po>~t-l::r . oOOo. R.:~adkill . oOOo. J J•.xa G·::ond.c.J.i~2r . oOOo. nu:.: 1J:ronq .Jolu1. (correction) . oOOo. Coping with !.Jot Being Be.st::. of 't-h•:! H~t. . oOOo. Ent.erzone 's ne~·:r theme so1..md (in . ~~rav a:n.d AIFF formats)
TABLE~ OF CONTENTS
-- press space for next page -- Arrov:r keys: Up an.d Dow.n to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back.
FIGURE 1.2: In Lynx, you can press Tab to get to and highlight a link, and then press Enter to execute the link and follow it to a file or another part of the Internet.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 8
9 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
ago. ago.
These These
days, days, the the
most most popular popular
browser browser
is is Netscape Netscape Navigator Navigator (see (see Figure Figure
1.4). 1.4).
compared compared
to to the the
zoo zoo
of of different different
programs programs
and and
rules rules you you had had to to follow follow just just a a few few
years years
have have
their their
own own
little little idiosyncrasies, idiosyncrasies,
but but
they're they're still still remarkably remarkably uniform uniform and and consistent consistent
on) on)
that that
you you
had had
to to
assemble assemble
and and
set set
up up yourself yourself
"in "in the the old old days:' days:' The The browsers browsers
all all
little little specialty specialty
programs programs (such (such
as as
Gopher Gopher
clients, clients,
newsreaders, newsreaders, FTP FTP programs, programs, and and so so
Furthermore, Furthermore,
the the
various various
Web Web
browsers browsers
can can more more
or or less less substitute substitute for for a a plethora plethora of of
in-line in-line
graphics graphics
(meaning (meaning illustrations illustrations mixed mixed in in with with text). text).
much much
more more
accessible accessible
to to
non-technical non-technical users. users. It It also also pioneered pioneered
the the
use use of of
FIGURE FIGURE
1.3: 1.3:
Mosaic Mosaic
made made
it it possible possible
to to point point
to to a a link link and and click click on on it, it, making making the the Internet Internet
when when
she she
was was
convmced convmced
the the rest rest
of of the the
family family
and and
the the
world world
was was
plotti.t1g plotti.t1g
agait1st agait1st
her. her.
As As the the
by by his his
mother's mother's
bizarre bizarre
and and frightenmg frightenmg
episodes. episodes. ~severe ~severe
paranoid, paranoid,
she she often often tn1sted tn1sted
young young
Allen Allen
A A
shy shy
and and
complicated complicated
child child growir1g growir1g
Pater'lf.t." Pater'lf.t."
up up ill ill
New New Jersey, Jersey, PJlen's PJlen's home home life life was was domit1ated domit1ated
Allen. Allen.
adulthood. adulthood.
Somewhere Somewhere
benNe benNe
en en the the
in in t'No t'No temperament temperament
was was
the the
Gmsberg's Gmsberg's
second second
son, son,
Itwir1 Itwir1
wife, wife,
Naomi, Naomi,
was was
a a
radical radical Conununist Conununist
and and irnpressible irnpressible
nudist nudist
who who ~.ovent ~.ovent
tragically tragically
ir1sar1e ir1sar1e
ir1 ir1
early early
Louis Louis
Ginsberg Ginsberg
was was a a published published
poet, poet, a a
high high
school school
teacher teacher
and and a a moderate moderate J J e'Nish e'Nish Socialist. Socialist. Hts Hts
often often
sung sung during during Ginsberg's Ginsberg's poetry poetry readings.) readings.)
linking linking
to to
the the
recitation recitation
of of Blake Blake
at at the the
end end
of of
this this
page. page.
I I
don don know know
1 1 why. why.
But But
this this
poem poem
is is
(Now (Now
that that
you've you've
entered entered the the
Allen Allen Ginsberg Ginsberg
zone zone
of of influence, influence, I I suggest suggest you you leave leave by by
Place Place of of Birth: Birth: Newark, Newark, New New Jersey Jersey
Born: Born: June June 3, 3, 1926 1926
Applications Applications
and and distributed distributed for for free free (see (see Figure Figure 1.3). 1.3).
type type was was
NCSA NCSA
Mosaic, Mosaic,
which which was was
developed developed at at the the National National Center Center for for Supercomputer Supercomputer
rating rating
text text
formatting formatting
and and
graphics graphics
into into the the
browser browser
screen. screen. The The first first program program
of of this this
point-and-click point-and-click
techniques techniques
available available for for
other other
programs programs on on the the computer computer and and incorpo
could could
run run on on a a desktop desktop
PC PC
or or
Macintosh, Macintosh,
permitting permitting the the user user to to employ employ the the familiar familiar
The The
next next advance advance
on on
the the
Web Web
was was
the the development development of of graphical graphical Web Web browsers browsers that that
Just Just [nough [nough to to Get Get Started- B ChaptH One
LATEST NEvVS: GOLD RELEASED ~
NAVIGATOR GOLD SmPS \Vindows 95 and tiT users can now download the shipping version of Netscape Navigator (3old. Learn how to upgrade if you own Navigator. Once you've do\'\'llloaded it, enter our expanded Gold Rush contest to win cash and prizes and home listed in a ecial contest Yahoo.
FIGURE 1.4: Netscape Navigator is hands-down the most popular World Wide Web browser program. It works very much the way Mosaic does but with a number of additional features and improvements.
The Web has made it possible for browsers to display pictures right there in the midst of text, without you having to know how to decode files. A picture's worth a· thousand watchamacallits, and pictures look better in newspaper articles and on TV than scads of typewritten text. So this ability was the final ingredient that made the Web seem so accessible and interesting to people who'd never in a million years care to learn what a Unix "regular expression" is. So, I haven't really answered the question that heads up this section: Is the Web the Internet? Technically it's not exactly the same thing, but for all intents and pur poses, it is. And Web browsers are the must-have programs that have made the Internet what it is today.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 10
11 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
and and
more more of of it it is is linked linked together. together.
interests interests
you. you.
Not Not
everything everything
on on
the the Internet Internet
is is available available via via the the Web, Web, but but more more
jump jump
from from
one one
link link
to to
the the next, next,
following following
the the
trail trail of of links links in in any any direction direction that that
files files
entirely, entirely,
and and
to to other other
sites sites
on on the the
Internet. Internet.
With With a a Web Web browser, browser, you you can can
Hypertext Hypertext
documents documents
can can contain contain
links links
to to other other
documents, documents, to to other other kinds kinds of of
hypertext hypertext
documents. documents.
(See (See
What What
Is Is Hypertext? Hypertext?
to to learn learn more more about about hypertext.) hypertext.)
Web Web
(or (or sometimes sometimes
WWW, WWW, w3, w3,
or or w3) w3) is is a a huge huge collection collection of of interconnected interconnected
One One
of of
the the
newest newest
media media
available available
over over
the the
Internet Internet is is the the World World Wide Wide Web. Web. The The
Navigator Navigator
Mosaic, Mosaic, NetCruiser, NetCruiser, and and Netscape Netscape
CompuServe, CompuServe,
Lynx, Lynx, MS MS Internet Internet Explorer, Explorer,
• • Browsing Browsing
the the Web Web with with America America Online, Online,
• • Using Using Web Web browsers browsers
browsers browsers
• •
Understanding Understanding
the the different different types types of of Web Web
addresses addresses
• •
Understanding Understanding
(and (and then then forgetting) forgetting) Web Web
• •
Understanding Understanding the the World World Wide Wide Web Web
BROWSING BROWSING TH{ TH{ W{ W{ Chapter Four
What Is Uypertext?
On the Web, hypertext is simply text with links. Links are elements of the hypertext documents that you can select Click on a link and you'll be trans ported to the document it's linked to (or to a different part of the current doc ument). As I mentioned in Chapter 1, if you use Windows, then you've got hypertext right in front of you, in the form of Windows help files. Whenever you select options from the Help menu of a Windows program,you are shown a hypertext help document with definitions and links available at the click of a mouse. In addition to taking you to other documents, links can take you to Gopher servers, FTP sites, Telnet sites, Usenet newsgroups, and other Internet facili ties. Links can also bring to you other programs and connect you to pictures, sounds, movies, and other binary files. Once we start expanding the idea to include other media. besides text, the rubric of hypertext is replaced by the .word hypermedia. But the idea behind it is the same: links. An advantage of hypertext (or hypermedia) is that it allows you to navigate through all kinds of related documents (and other kinds of files), using one simple procedure-selecting a link. A drawback is that, for now, you generally must follow links. that other peo ple have created, so the medium is not yet fully interactive. Of course, you can always make your own Web page-see Chapter 12. Also, there's a lot more text out there than hypertext. A Web browser can lead you to a plain text doc ument as easily as to a hypertext document. You won't be able to jump any where else from a plain text document, so it's a sort of cul-de-sac, but you can always turn around.
The beauty of the Web is that the browser programs with which you "read" the Web are incredibly easy to use. This gives you access to all kinds of data, programs, news, pictures, and so on, without having to master the syntax of difficult protocols and arcane Unix commands. Throughout the rest of this book, there will be references to the Web. It has become such a ubiquitous front end (a way to connect to the Net), that much of your use of the Net will take place through a Web browser.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 12
13 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
able able to to display. display.
go, go,
and and
you you
can can
always always
download download binary binary
files files that that
the the character-based character-based browsers browsers
aren't aren't
you you
to to click click
your your
mouse mouse
to to
select select
links, links, but but
they they
can can
take take you you anywhere anywhere you you
want want to to
the the
original original
browser, browser,
Www Www
They They
won't won't
be be able able
to to
show show you you pictures pictures and and won't won't
allow allow
only only
accounts accounts
require require
that that
you you
run run a a character-based character-based
Unix Unix browser, browser, such such
as as Lynx Lynx or or
the the
dial-up dial-up
connection connection
(and (and
most most people people
opt opt
for for
Netscape Netscape Navigator), Navigator), but but Unix Unix
shell
Direct-access Direct-access
ISPs ISPs
usually usually
enable enable
you you to to
run run
whichever whichever
Web Web browser browser you you
like like
over over
same same with with external external Web Web browsers). browsers).
online online
services, services,
such such
as as
CompuServe CompuServe
and and
Microsoft Microsoft
Network Network enable enable you you
to to do do the the
backing backing
on on the the
Internet Internet
connection connection
provided provided
by by the the
Netcom Netcom software. software. (Similarly, (Similarly,
some some
module, module,
but but
also also it
enables enables
external external Web Web
browsers browsers
to to run run alongside alongside NetCruiser, NetCruiser,
piggy
available available
within within the the
access access program. program.
Netcom's Netcom's
NetCruiser NetCruiser has has a a built-in built-in
Web Web
main main
access access
program program
Others Others
have have
their their
browser browser
built-in, built-in, as as with with any any other other
module module
launching launching
an an external external
browser browser
program program
(usually (usually
some some
variety variety of of Mosaic) Mosaic) alongside alongside
the the
Most Most
online online
services services
are are now now
offering offering
access access
to to the the
World World Wide Wide Web. Web.
Some Some do do it it by by
Different Different Types Types
of of Web Web Browsers Browsers
since since
you'll you'll
be be
following following
links links
that that
have have the the URL URL encoded encoded into into them them
Fortunately, Fortunately,
most most
of of
the the
time, time,
you you
won't won't
have have to to type type in in Web Web addresses addresses
yourself, yourself,
Markup Markup
Language Language
file) file) is is
the the
primary primary
type type of of document document on on the the Web. Web.
which which
often often
ends ends
with with the the
extension extension
t t • • h h m m
l. l. An An HTML HTML file file (which (which means means Hypertext Hypertext
question, question,
separated separated
by by
more more
forward forward
slashes. slashes.
After After
the the path, path, you you might might find find a a file file
name, name,
fairly fairly
rare), rare),
a a
path path
which which
is is a a list list
of of folders folders
or or
directory directory
names names leading leading to to the the
resource resource in in
Addresses Addresses
in in
Chapter Chapter
1. 1. After After
that, that,
you you
might might find find
a a colon colon and and a a
port port number number
(this (this is is
site site
. . sub sub
domain domain
. .
domain, domain,
as as explained explained
in in A A Few Few Words Words about about
Internet Internet
"colon-forward-slash-forward-slash"), "colon-forward-slash-forward-slash"),
and and
then then
an an Internet Internet address address of of the the
form form
followed followed
by by II II : : (the (the oft-heard oft-heard
"colon-slash-slash," "colon-slash-slash,"
or or even even more more cumbersome, cumbersome,
and and
means means
that that
the the
resource resource
in in question question
will will
be be found found
on on a a Web Web server. server. This This
protocol protocol is is
information); information);
most most
of of
the the
time time it it
is is HTTP. HTTP.
HTTP HTTP stands stands for for Hypertext Hypertext Transfer Transfer
Protocol Protocol
Locator.) Locator.)
A A
Web Web
address address
starts starts
with with the the
name name
of of a a protocol protocol
(a (a method method for for connecting connecting
to to
almost almost always always
begins begins
with with
the the
letters letters http: http:
. . (URL (URL stands stands for for Uniform Uniform Resource Resource
seen seen
the the
arcane arcane
way way
they they
describe describe
how how
to to
find find
it, it,
giving giving you you the the address, address, or or URL, URL, which which
If If you've you've
ever ever
noticed noticed
an an advertisement advertisement
that that
says says "check "check
out out our our web web site," site," you've you've
Web Web Addresses Addresses (URLs) (URLs)
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapt~r four
HTTP, HTML, and URLs
Don't get thrown by the alphabet soup of acronyms you're confronted with when you start looking into the Web. URL, as I mentioned before, stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It's a form of address that all Web browsers can understand. URLs always take this form:
protocol://host:.port/dir/filename.
So the URL gopher: I /dixie .. a iss. uiuc. edu: 6969/11/ urban · 1 e g ends tells a browser "use the gopher protocol to connect to the host machine called dixie. a iss. u i uc. edu, connect to port 6 9 6 9 there, look in directory I 11, and get the file called urban. legends:' The protocol generally used to connect to hypertext documents is called HTTP. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol because browsers use.it to transfer you to hypertext documents. If that protocol is called for, the URL will begin with http: (other protocols are ftp:, telnet:, and soon.:.:.,.there'salso a pro tocol called file:, which is equivalent to ftp:). The other confusing acronym you might come across is HTML. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the code used to mark up text docu ments to make them into hypertext documents. Hypertext documents on the Web generally end in the extension .html.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 14
15 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
Read Read
on on
to to
discover discover
how how
to to do do
all all these these things things ...... and and
more. more.
• •
Find Find
out out what's what's new new on on the the Net. Net.
program program
and and
information information
about about the the Web Web itself. itself.
• •
Access Access
Help Help
through through
a a command command
or or
menu menu
to to get get tips tips about about
using using
the the
links links
that that
interest interest
you, you,
rather rather
than than having having
to to
start start at at a a generic generic
home home page. page.
• • Customize Customize
your your
program's program's
home home
page page
so so
that that
you you
always always
start start
at at a a
page page with with
• • View View
the the hidden hidden
URL URL
(Web (Web
address) address)
that that a a given given link link points points
to. to.
• •
Save Save
(download) (download)
or or mail mail
interesting interesting
documents documents and and files. files.
having having
to to retrace retrace
your your steps steps
or or bring bring up up a a
history history of of you've you've where
been. been.
• • Insert Insert
bookmarks bookmarks
that that
enable enable
you you to to jump jump
back back
to to an an interesting interesting
page page
without without
enter enter an an address address directly. directly.
to to
stop stop
it it from from
loading loading
the the
default default
home home
page, page,
you you
press press the the
Stop Stop
button button
and and
• • Go Go
to to
a a
specific specific
Web Web
address address
(URL) (URL)
when when
you you start start your your browser. browser.
Generally, Generally,
then then
jump jump
immediately immediately
back back to to one one of of those those pages. pages.
far far
or or bring bring
up up
a a complete complete
history history
of of
where where you've you've
been been this this
session session
and and
• • Follow Follow
the the
links links
that that
interest interest
you. you.
At At any any
point point
you you
can can retrace retrace
your your
steps steps so so
Now Now
that that
you're you're connected, connected, you you can can
start start
Netscape Netscape
Navigator Navigator
(until (until
or or
unless unless
you you
change change
it it to to start start at at
a a different different
page). page).
Figure Figure
4. 4.
1 1
shows shows
the the
Netscape Netscape
home home
page page that that
comes comes
up up automatically automatically when when you you
the the selected selected Web Web page. page.
message message
to to
automatically automatically
start start
up up
your your
most most recently recently
installed installed
browser browser
and and bring bring up up
e-mail e-mail
programs, programs,
such such
as as
Eudora, Eudora,
now now allow allow
you you
to to
double-click double-click
a a URL URL
in in an an
e-mail e-mail
You You
can can also also
start start
some some
browsers browsers
by by
pointing pointing
them them directly directly
at at
a a Web Web
address. address.
Some Some
default default
home home
page page
for for
your your
browser browser
or or
a a custom custom
home home
page page
that that you you
have have
created. created.
documents documents
on on
the the
Web Web
are are
commonly commonly
referred referred
to to as as
pages.) pages.)
This This will will either either
be be
the the
designate designate
(or (or your your
browser browser
designates) designates)
for for your your
Web-crawling Web-crawling
sessions. sessions.
(Hypertext (Hypertext
Generally, Generally,
when when
you you start start
a a browser, browser,
you you
begin begin at at
a a home home page, page, a a starting starting place place you you
Using Using Web Web Browsers Browsers
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four
LATEST NE,iVS: GOLD RELEASED
NAVIGATOR GOLD SlllPS Windows 95 and NT users can now download the shipping version of Nets cape Navigator Gold. Learn how to upgrade if you own Navigator. Once you've downloaded it, enter our expanded G)ld Rush contest to win cash and prizes
FIGURE 4.1: Unless customized, Netscape Navigator starts you off at the Netscape horne page. Reading aPage in aWeb Browser Web pages can consist of formatted text and headings, illustrations, background art and color effects, and hyperlinks, which can be highlighted text or art. In most graphi cal browsers, links are shown in blue (unless the creator of the page has decided otherwise) and are underlined (unless the creator has decided otherwise and has customized the program). Often a page won't fit on the screen all at once. Graphical browsers use scroll bars, just as other programs do, to enable you to see material that doesn't fit on the screen. If you're hunting for a specific piece of information on a long document page, try searching for key words, usually with a menu command.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 16
17 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
since since
you you
started started the the program program that that session. session.
only only browser) browser)
of of all all
the the pages pages you've you've been been to to
graphical graphical
browser; browser;
on on a a separate separate page, page, in in a a text
usually usually
bring bring
up up history history a a
list list (on (on a a menu, menu, in in a a
furthest furthest
point point
you you
had had gotten gotten to. to. Also, Also, you you can can
mand, mand,
to to
return return
along along
your your original original path path to to the the
can can
also also
go go forward, forward,
using using the the Forward Forward com
the the previous previous
page. page.
Once Once you've you've gone gone back, back, you you
shortcut shortcut
button, button,
for for
retracing retracing your your steps steps back back to to
All All browsers browsers
have have
a a Back Back
command, command,
often often a a
changes changes
to to a a
little little
hand) hand)
and and
then then
clicking clicking
once once
(get (get out out of of the the habit habit of of double-clicking). double-clicking).
show show
you you
that that
you're you're
over over
an an active active versionsOheck versionsOheck
link-in link-in out out Netscape Netscape supp supp it it
The The
latest latest release release
contains contains
the the
mouse mouse
pointer pointer
over over
the the
link link
(the (the pointer pointer
will will
change change
to to
ANNOUNCING ANNOUNCING
TilE TilE
R:I'LEASE R:I'LEASE OF OF
In In
graphical graphical
browsers, browsers, following following
a a link link
entails entails positioning positioning
~ollowing ~ollowing a a Link Link
8 8 r o o r w w Ill Ill s s i i n n q q h h t t e e e e W W b b Chapter four
Knowing Where to Go It's hard to get oriented in the Web, since there's no real starting point. Your default home page should provide some pretty useful places to start though. I recommend surfing around for a while to see where these points lead.
In most browsers, if you have a specific Web address in mind (say one you saw in an advertisement or one that was e-mailed to you), you can type in a URL directly to visit a Web page without having to follow a trail of links that leads to it Also at any time, you can return to the default home page. Graphical browsers have a Home button, often decorated with an icon representing a house, for this purpose. Making aBookmark As you travel around the Web, you can save interesting destinations by making bookmarks (also called Favorites or Favorite Places in some browsers, and Items on a Hotlist in others). Once you've made a bookmark, you've created your own personal shortcut to a favorite destination. You won't have to find your way back to the page in question next time you want to go there.
Saving or Mailing aDocument If a Web page contains information you want to send to someone or have stored on your own computer, you can either use your browser's mail command to send the document to yourself or to someone else, or you can use the save command (File )i.oo Save As in graphical browsers) to save a copy of the document on your hard disk, much the same way you'd save a file in a word processor.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 18
19 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
let let it it spook spook you!) you!)
FIGURE FIGURE 4.1: 4.1: The The HTML HTML document document that that makes makes the the Netscape Netscape home home page page look look the the way way it it does. does. (Don't (Don't
home home page. page.
Source Source (or (or something something similar). similar). Figure Figure 4.2 4.2 shows shows the the source source underlying underlying the the Netscape Netscape
source source file file underlying underlying a a page. page. In In graphical graphical browsers, browsers, you you do do this this by by selecting selecting View View ~ ~
If If you you want want to to see see how how a a Web Web page page was was constructed, constructed, you you can can generally generally view view the the
someone someone else else how how to to get get the the to page page in in question. question.
into into another another document document for for future future reference reference or or paste paste it it into into an an e-mail e-mail message message to to tell tell
copy copy a a URL URL by by right-clicking right-clicking or or clicking-and-holding clicking-and-holding the the link link to to it. it. You You can can then then paste paste it it
appears appears in in the the status status bar bar at at the the bottom bottom of of the the program. program. Some Some browsers browsers enable enable you you to to
instance, instance, in in most most browsers, browsers, when when you you place place the the pointer pointer over over a a link, link,
the the associated associated link link
If If you you need need to to see see the the U U RL RL associated associated with with a a specific specific link, link, you you can can do do so. so. For For
Peeking Peeking behind behind the the Scenes Scenes
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web llil ( ha pt e r f o u r
(hanging Your Home Page The commands differ from browser to browser, but most Web browsers allow you to change your default home page to a different page (or even to a list of your book marks) so you can start exploring the Web from any vantage point. Generally, the way you change you home page is to go into the Options or Preferences area of your browser and either specify an exact URL or tell the browser to use the current page as the new home page. Why would you change your page? Well, you might find a useful page out there on the Net that connects to most of your favorite sites. Or you might want to make one of the directory or search pages (as dis cussed in Chapter 5) into your new starting page. Web Help and Info There are a number of helpful resources for the Web, both hypertext and plain text documents. Try the WWW FAQ, an excellent document. Its URL is http: I I w ww. bout e 11 . com If a q I. The W3 Consortium is the official source of information about the Web, and you can connect to their home page at http : I I w w w• w3 . or 9 I. (But be forewarned, much of their information is highly technical!) Many individual browsers also offer dedicated help files, accessible through a menu com mand. I'll cover some specific browsers and their help functions at the end of this chapter.
Get Uf's lntern~t Guide as Hypertext on the Web
The Electronic Frontier Foundation has published a hypertext version of its Internet Guide on the World Wide Web. You could hunt around for it by looking in one of the many indexes or other jumping-offpages on th~ Web, but why don't I just tell you the URL? Point your browser. at http : /I w w w• e f f . o r 9 I p a p e r s I e e g t t i I e e 9 t t it o p • h t m 1to go to the main page for the Guide.
Keeping Up with What's New If you want to keep up-to-date on the latest interesting home pages, visit the NCSA What's New Page (the unofficial newspaper of the Web) at http : I I w w w . nsa c .
uiuc-eduiSDGISoftwareiMosaiciDocslwhats-new-html.Mo~Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 20
21 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
see see
the the
underlying underlying HTML source source HTML file file for for a a Web Web page. page.
document document
directly directly
from from
the the AOL AOL
browser. browser.
Also, Also, the the AOL AOL browser browser doesn't doesn't allow allow you you to to
Save Save
a a document document
with with File>-
Save Save
(or (or Save Save
As); As); however, however, there's there's no no way way to to mail mail a a
button, button,
choose choose
an an item item
in in the the window window that that pops pops up, up, and and click click on on Connect. Connect.
page page
to to your your
favorites. favorites.
Click Click
on on
Yes. Yes. To To go go
to to a a favorite favorite place, place, click click on on the the Favorite Favorite Places Places
right right
corner corner
of of
the the
window. window.
AOL AOL
will will
ask ask
you you to to confirm confirm that that you you want want to to add add the the current current
just just
as as you you
do do
with with
any any
other other
AOL AOL
resource. resource.
Simply Simply click click on on the the Heart Heart icon icon in in the the upper
You You
can can save save
interesting interesting
Web Web destinations destinations
by by adding adding them them to to your your Favorite Favorite Places Places list, list,
Click Click
on on
the the Home Home
button button to to return return the the to AOL AOL home home page. page.
to to go go there there directly). directly).
list list
box box
directly directly
below below
the the
buttons buttons
(that's (that's
also also where where you you type type an an address address if if you you want want
and and
Forward Forward
buttons, buttons,
and and
you you
can can
see see a a list list of of sites sites you've you've visited visited in in the the drop-down drop-down
AOL:s AOL:s
browser browser
has has
no no
search search
command command
for for the the contents contents of of a a Web Web page. page. It It has has Back Back
nect nect to to
the the Web Web without without specifying specifying a a particular particular site. site.
Figure Figure
4.3 4.3
shows shows
the the AOL AOL
home home
page page that that comes comes up up automatically automatically when when you you con
Web Web
at at the the
end end of of its its title, title, or or by by going going to to the the keyword keyword Web. Web.
ing ing
World World
Wide Wide
Web, Web,
by by double-clicking double-clicking
on on any any AOL AOL content content that that includes includes the the word word
You You
can can
start start
the the
AOL AOL
browser browser
by by going going to to the the Internet Internet Connection Connection area area and and choos
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web with with AOL AOL
browser browser
on on
your your
hard hard drive. drive.
I'll I'll discuss discuss
a a few few of of the the more more common common browsers browsers now. now.
taste, taste,
need, need, and and
budget. budget.
In In
fact, fact, you you
may may
eventually eventually end end up up with with more more than than one one
The The program program
you you
choose choose
to to
wander wander
around around the the Web Web with with
is is largely largely a a
matter matter of of
Web Web Browser Browser
Surfing Surfing
the the Web Web with with Your Your
Cool Cool
option option as as well), well),
leading leading
to to
some some similar similar
compendium compendium of of the the latest latest interesting interesting sites. sites.
Web Web
browsers browsers
have have
a a What's What's
New New
command command
or or button button (and (and some some also also have have a a What's What's
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web l;ltl ( ha p t e r f o u r
Welcome to A:melica Online's gateway to the World Wide Web! If you've never been here before or need assistance vvith the >Neb, take a look at our hrlJl. area for answers to frequently asked questions. You might also want to visit the Chat About the >Neb chat room in People Connection.
If you're just passing through and would like to find specific resources on the >Neb, visit our Explore area or click the "Search Places" button at the bottom of any page. A text-only~ of our site is
FIGURE 4.3: AOLs browser starts you off at the AOL home page.
To change your home page with AOL's browser, click on the Prefs button. In the dia log box that appears, type a new URL in the box at the bottom and then click on OK (see Figure 4.4).
To get help with AOL's browser, click on the Help button, and to keep up with what's new, visit the Internet Connection every now and then to see which new Net resources have been listed there. Browsing the Web with (ompuServe Mosaic CompuServe offers a licensed version of the original graphical Web browser, Mosaic. You can start it by selecting Services >- CompuServe Mosaic.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 22
23 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
the top top the of of the the window. window.
Navigate:;:;..-
History. History.
To To
go go somewhere somewhere
directly, directly, type type the the URL URL into into the the Web Web Page Page box box at at
Forward Forward
buttons, buttons,
and and
you you
can can
bring bring up up a a list list of of the the sites sites you've you've visited visited by by selecting selecting
the the
toolbar toolbar
lead lead
to to
a a Web Web
page page for for
searching searching the the Internet. Internet. It It has has Backward Backward and and
you're you're
looking looking
for, for,
and and
press press
Enter. Enter. The The
Search Search command command and and its its shortcut shortcut button button on on
In In CompuServe, CompuServe,
you you
can can
search search
a a long long Web Web page, page, select select Edit Edit :;:;..- Find, Find, type type the the text text
you you connect connect
the the to Web Web without without specifying specifying a a particular particular site. site.
Figure Figure
4.5 4.5
shows shows
the the CompuServe CompuServe
home home page page that that comes comes up up automatically automatically when when
FIGURE FIGURE
4.4: 4.4: Changing Changing your your home home page page with with AOL's AOL's browser browser
Xian99's Xian99's Home Home Page: Page:
r r
Use Use a a gray gray background background in in WWW WWW documents documents
P P Show Show destination destination of of hyperlinks hyperlinks
17 17 Show Show current current location location
17 17 Don't Don't show show graphics graphics at at 2400 2400 bps bps
r. r. Uncompressed Uncompressed Graphics Graphics
!:::====:::=::J !:::====:::=::J r. r. Compressed Compressed Graphics Graphics
r------1 r------1
r r No No Graphics Graphics
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four
SERVE woara"iiiD.!leWI!a
Home Page the ltllemet To return to the WinCllv.1 desktop, click on the
in the tool bar above. To explore the web, click on one of the icons above, or enter a URL in the "Web box above.
FIGURE 4.5: CompuServe Mosaic starts you off at the CompuServe home page.
Click on the Home button to return to the CompuServe welcome page. You can save interesting Web destinations by clicking on the Add button. The page you add will instantly become a menu item on the Personal Favorites menu. To go to a Favorite, just select it from that menu. To save a Web document with CompuServe Mosaic, select View»- Load to Disk Mode to place a checkmark next to this command. Then all of the pages you visit will be saved on your hard disk (you'll be prompted to confirm each file name). If you just want to save a single page this way, be sure to uncheck the Load to Disk Mode com mand on the View menu when you're done. Unfortunately, you can't mail a docu ment directly from CompuServe Mosaic.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 24
25 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
(http://www.cc.ukans-edu/about-Lynx/about-Lynx-html). (http://www.cc.ukans-edu/about-Lynx/about-Lynx-html).
the the University University of of Kansas Kansas home home page. page. Figure Figure 4.6 4.6 shows shows the the About About Lynx Lynx page page
you you off off at at Lynx's Lynx's default default home home page, page, for for your your system. system. On On my my system, system, Lynx Lynx starts starts off off at at
lynx lynx You You start start Lynx Lynx by by typing typing at at the the Unix Unix prompt prompt and and pressing pressing Enter. Enter. This This will will start start
coping with with coping a a Unix Unix shell shell account. account.
Chapter Chapter 1 1 0 0 for for more more on on downloading. downloading. See See also also Appendix Appendix A A for for other other strategies strategies for for
http://plaza.interport-net/slipknot/slipknot-html.See http://plaza.interport-net/slipknot/slipknot-html.See
ne-ction, ne-ction, most most notably notably SlipKnot, SlipKnot, from from MicroMind. MicroMind. You You can can download download SlipKnot SlipKnot from from
There There are are some some graphical graphical Web Web browsers browsers that that can can run run over over a a Unix Unix shell shell account account con
ing ing Enter-but Enter-but you're you're better better off off using using Lynx Lynx if if possible. possible.
on on the the bottom bottom line line of of the the screen-you screen-you follow follow links links by by typing typing their their number number and and press
use. use. You You might might also also have have the the Www Www browser browser available, available, which which only only allows allows you you to to type type
the the best best Web Web browser browser you you for is is Lynx. Lynx. Lynx Lynx is is a a full-screen full-screen program program that that is is very very easy easy to to
If If your your connection connection to to the the Internet Internet is is through through
a a character-based character-based
Unix Unix
account, account, then then
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web with with Lynx Lynx
Cool Cool button. button.
what's what's new, new, go go to to the the Internet Internet topic topic (GO (GO INTERNET) INTERNET) and and then then click click on on the the What's What's
To To get get help help with with CompuServe CompuServe Mosaic, Mosaic, select select Help Help >- Help Help Topics. Topics. To To keep keep up up with with
window window before before typing typing in in the the address.) address.)
you you may may have have to to go go to to the the page page and and copy copy its its address address from from the the box box at at the the top top of of the the
the the Home Home Page Page box box and and then then click click on on OK. OK. (As (As you you sometimes sometimes have have to to do do with with AOL, AOL,
Options Options and and click click on on the the Pages Pages tab tab in in the the dialog dialog box box that that appears. appears. Type Type a a new new URL URL in in
If If you you want want to to change change your your home home page page with with CompuServe CompuServe Mosaic, Mosaic, select select View View >
Page Page Source. Source.
In In order order to to view view the the HTML HTML source source of of a a Web Web document, document, select select File File >- Web Web
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four
Command If you don't have Lynx installed on your system, Unix will tell you "lynx: browser. Type not found:' You can still run Lynx by "telnetting" to a public-access in as w w w(no t e 1 net u kana i x • c c • u k an s • e d u and press Enter; log password required). See Chapter 10 for more on Tel net. Lynx by point If you have a specific Web address (URL) in mind, you can also start URL for uri, ing it at that URL. Type lynx uri and press Enter, substituting the actual of course.
ABOUT LYIIX
for users on both UNIX Lynx is a fully featu1:.·ed 111or ld-tuide TJJeb bror}rser systems via and VHS plat. forms r,Jho are connected t.o those or emulators_ That cursor-addl.·essa.ble, character-cell termi:nals so ft1:.rare packages emulating includes VT100 terminals and desktop-based ) . VT100 terminals (e.g_, Kermit, Procollllil, etc.
and many other Ly:nx is used in universities,. libraries,. freenet.s,. the information of the situations 1;.Jhe1:.·e there is a desire t.o bring Wor ld-UJide Neb to as v1ide an audience as possible.
is maintained by The most recent release of Lynx is B&.. '(Jhich for Biological P.esea1·ch. Fot.eos Uacrides at the Worcester F01.m.d.ation of Lynx produced by t.he The most recent., a11d probably final, release at this time to University of Kansas is 2. '* . KTJ has no plans Ne'tv or upgrading users continue development or maintenance of Lynx_ are advised t.o use the 2. 4-FU 1·elease of L:t"TJ.X.
-- press sp.a.ce for next page -- follo'tv a link; Left to go back. Arrow keys: Up and Down to moTJe. P,ight to /=search [deleted =history list H) elp O)ptions P) rint G) o li) ain screen Q)uit
FIGURE 4.6: The About Lynx page at the University of Kansas Web site.
links are Most of a Web page will be regular text and headings. In Lynx, hypertext text, shown in boldface, and the current link is shown in reverse video (white-on-black
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 26
27 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
Delete Delete to to see see your your history history page, page, a a list list of of all all the the links links you've you've followed followed in in this this session, session,
repeatedly, repeatedly, you you can can also also jump jump back back to to any any previous previous point point in in just just two two steps: steps: First First press press
Though Though you you can can always always retrace retrace your your steps steps in in Lynx, Lynx, by by pressing pressing 4 4 (NumLock) (NumLock)
To To
return return to to the the previous previous link link Press Press (or (or 4 4 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad f- with with Numlock Numlock on) on)
to to the the address address it it refers refers to) to)
To To select select the the current current link link (and (and jump jump Press Press Enter Enter (or (or or or 6 6 on on the the numeric numeric -1 -1 keypad keypad with with Numlock Numlock on) on)
To To repeat repeat a a search search Type Type n n
press press Enter Enter
To To search search for for specific specific text text Types Types or/. or/. Then Then type type the the text text you you want want to to search search for for and and
the the screen screen
if if reverse reverse video video is is left left all all over over
To To fix fix a a messed messed up up screen, screen, say, say, Press Press Ctri+W Ctri+W to to redraw redraw it it
To To move move up up to to the the previous previous link link Press Press l(or l(or 8 8 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad with with Numlock Numlock on) on)
To To move move down down to to the the next next link link Press Press J, J, Tab+ Tab+ (or (or 2 2 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad with with Numlock Numlock on) on)
Numlock Numlock on) on)
To To go go back back up up a a page page b b Type Type or- or or PageUp PageUp (or (or 9 9 on on the the numeric numeric keypad keypad with with
keypad keypad if if Numlock Numlock is is on) on)
To To see see the the next next screenful screenful of of a a page page Press Press the the spacebar spacebar or or type+ type+ (or (or PageDown PageDown or or 3 3 on on your your numeric numeric
around around a a Web Web page page in in Lynx Lynx are are detailed detailed in in the the table table below. below.
Often Often a a page page won't won't fit fit on on the the screen screen ali ali at at once. once. The The commands commands necessary necessary to to move move
at at a a page. page.
instead instead of of vice vice versa). versa). The The first first link link on on the the page page is is the the current link link current when when you you first first arrive arrive
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web l1ll ( ha p t er f o u r
(try Backspace if Delete doesn't work) and then select the page you want to return to and press Enter. At any point you can type ito go to the Internet Resources Meta-Index, which includes many more starting points for you to try. Figure 4.7 shows the first screen of the Meta-Index page. At any point, you can type g to enter a URL directly. Lynx will prompt you with "URL to open:". Type (or paste in) the URL and press Enter.
INTEP~IET RESOURCES l!ETA-II>IDEX
of This dOC1..UD.ent is intended t.o be a loosely categorized meta-index the various t·esource direct.ories ar.1.d indices a-...railable on the (any Internet. Please send suggestions for new entries on t.his list index or directory of resources) to [email protected]. edu..
tuor ld l!Jide UJeb
* Searchable indices: + MfiM~ a searchable catalog of l~TUJW resources at CUI,. Geneva, S1:.:ritzer land; updated automatically every day from a variety of sources. t tUtaV:J'{IJ - the T;Jo.r: ld Wide r~feb T.\io:t:JXl + Ilet.a-l!1.h~:s.s::,r index at t.he Gloh.:.:Ll. !·Jo~t.r,;ork Acad>:2nr~l * Subject indices: + 1(!1i.ols Int:,0rnet. Cat.alc;q from 0' I~>::ill~:t a:nd A-s.:::ociat:.es,.. a part of the G.Lobc-:tl Net-;:.:;o:rk }h:>r•.~l.'Jat:.. or. + I!.fi)Ji) \h.rt;u.f.tl I,;1J.:
FIGURE 4.7: Not sure how to get started? Check out the Meta-Index.
Also at any time, you can return to the default home page by typing m. You can save interesting Web destinations by adding bookmarks to your bookmark page. (Lynx will create one for you if you don't have one.) To add a bookmark link to the current page, type a.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 28
29 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
sumptuous sumptuous
"The "The Internet" Internet" icon. icon.
connection. connection.
On On
the the Windows Windows
95 95
desktop, desktop,
it's it's
represented represented
by by the the
pre also also
stands stands
alone alone
as as
a a
Web Web
browser browser
that that
can can
work work with with
any any
Internet Internet
Internet Internet
Explorer Explorer
works works
seamlessly seamlessly
with with
the the
Microsoft Microsoft
Network, Network,
Browsing Browsing but but it it
the the Web Web
with with Microsoft Microsoft
Internet Internet {xplorer {xplorer
Then Then
press press
Enter. Enter.
To To quit quit
without without
being being
prompted, prompted,
type type
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You You
can can
get get
help help
at at
any any
time time
in in
Lynx Lynx
by by typing typing
?. ?.
Quit Quit
Lynx Lynx
at at
any any
time time
by by (usually (usually typing typing
q. q. called called
.login, .login, .profile, .profile, or or .cshrc). .cshrc).
WWW_HOME WWW_HOME
uri uri
(using (using
the the
correct correct
URL URL
for for
the the
page page
you you
want) want)
in in
your your
startup startup To To
make make file file
a a different different
document document
your your
default default
home home
page, page,
enter enter
the the
line line
setenv setenv 3. 3. To To
return return
to to
where where
you you
left left
off off without without
saving saving
the the
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type type
r. r.
2. 2.
When When
you you
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type type >. >.
This This saves saves your your
changes. changes.
• • Type Type
p p to to
enter enter or or
change change your your e-mail e-mail address. address.
• • Type Type
b b to to change change
your your bookmark bookmark file. file.
• •
Type Type
e e
to to change change
the the
default default
editor editor
for for
sending sending
e-mail e-mail
to to mail mail
to to
URLs. URLs.
1. 1.
Type Type
0. 0. This This
brings brings
up up the the Options Options
Menu. Menu.
Follow Follow
these these
steps steps
to to
change change
some some
of of
the the
Lynx Lynx
settings: settings:
to to go go back back
to to the the normal normal view. view.
the the
normal normal
view. view.
To To see see
the the
actual actual
HTML HTML
text text
of of
the the
current current
page, page,
type\. type\.
Type\ Type\
To To again again see see
the the
URL URL
associated associated
with with
the the
current current
link, link,
type=. type=.
Type Type
=again =again
to to go go address. address.
back back to to Then Then press press Enter. Enter.
mail mail
address:". address:".
If If
you've you've
told told
Lynx Lynx
your your
address, address,
it it
will will
appear appear
there. there.
If If not, not,
to to type type
Yourself) Yourself)
your your
and and
then then
press press
Enter. Enter.
Lynx Lynx
will will
prompt prompt
you you
with with
"Please "Please
enter enter
a a valid valid easiest easiest
internet internet
way way
to to
store store
a a
copy copy
of of
a a
document); document);
press press
Tab Tab
to to
go go to to
the the
next next
link link
(Mail (Mail
At At
the the some some
File File point point
you you
may may
want want
to to mail mail
the the
document document
to to yourself yourself
(sometimes (sometimes that's that's the the
type type in in
a a different different
name name and and press press Enter. Enter.
Lynx Lynx
will will
prompt prompt
you you
to to
"Please "Please
enter enter
a a
file file
name:" name:"
and and
suggest suggest
one. one.
Press Press
will will Enter Enter bring bring
or or up up
the the
Printing Printing
Options Options
page. page.
Press Press
Enter Enter
to to
save save
the the
document document
to to If If
you you a a
file. file.
want want
to to
save save a a
copy copy
of of
a a
document document
you're you're
reading reading
on on
the the
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type type
p. p. You You
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can can
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view view
your your
bookmark bookmark
page page
at at any any time time by by typing typing v. v.
r o o r 8 8 s s w w n n i i g g h h e e t t lill lill W W e e b b 1:1:1 ( ha p t er f o u r
and the Macintosh has just been announced A trial version of Internet Explorer for reaches your hands. should be available by the time this book
home page that comes up automatically Figure 4.8 shows the Microsoft Network a particular site. Internet Explorer, by you connect to the Web without specifying when as most your start page, not your home page, the way, calls the page you start on other browsers refer to it. Find, type the text you're looking for, and To search a long Web page, select Edit~ buttons, and you can return to Internet Explorer has Back and Forward press Enter. the pulling down the File menu and selecting any of the recent sites you've visited by Qust above the Exit command). the list just near the bottom of the menu page from to an URL into the Address box (it will change To go somewhere directly, type the Open box when you click in it).
all the the Address box to drop down a list of Click on the button at the right end of addresses you've ever entered. Microsoft Network home page. Click on the Home button to return to the Favorites ~ Add to Favorites. save interesting Web destinations by selecting You can go to a menu item on the Favorites menu. To The page you add will instantly become just select it from that menu. a Favorite, also Explorer, select File ~ Save As. You can To save a Web document with Internet the Web address-by selecting File ~ shortcut to a file-to a tiny file containing save a Internet someone, select File ~ Send Shortcut. Create Shortcut. To mail a shortcut to New Message window with the shortcut Explorer will open a Microsoft Exchange already attached.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 30
31 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
pick pick
of of
the the day day
and and other other useful useful links. links.
what's what's
new, new,
click click
on on
the the
Links Links
button button
on on the the
Microsoft Microsoft
Network Network
start start
page. page.
It It features features
a a
To To
get get
help help
with with
Internet Internet
Explorer, Explorer,
select select
Help Help
>-
Help Help
Topics. Topics.
To To keep keep
up up
with with 4. 4.
When When
you're you're done, done, click click on on OK. OK.
3. 3.
Click Click on on
the the Use Use Current Current button. button.
the the dialog dialog box box that that appears. appears.
2. 2.
Then Then
select select
View View
>-
Options Options
and and
click click
on on the the
Start Start
and and
Search Search
Pages Pages
tab tab
in in
1. 1.
First First
go go to to
the the
page page you you want want to to use. use.
Changing Changing
your your start start page page is is simple: simple:
To To view view
the the
HTML HTML
source source
of of
a a Web Web
document, document,
select select View>- Source. Source.
FIGURE FIGURE
4.8: 4.8:
Internet Internet
Explorer Explorer
starts starts
you you
off off at at
the the Microsoft Microsoft
Network Network start start page. page.
See See
the the
latest latest
sports sports
scores, scores,
stock stock
prices, prices,
comics, comics, and and
more. more.
Customize Customize This This Page Page
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web Chapter four
Browsing the Web with Mosaic Mosaic is the original graphical Web browser, and versions of it now exist for just about every graphical user interface. The original version is NCSA Mosaic (NCSA, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, is where Mosaic was first created), but there are other licensed versions out there, including Spyglass Mosaic, AIR Mosaic, and the version CompuServe uses. All versions of Mosaic work more or less the same way.
Figure 4.9 shows the NCSA Mosaic for Microsoft Windows home page that comes up automatically when you connect to the Web without specifying a particular site. To search a long Web page, select Edit~ Find, type the text you're looking for, and press Enter. Mosaic has Back and Forward buttons, and you can return to any of the recent sites you've visited by selecting Navigate~ Session History. This will bring up a small dialog box listing the recent sites. Choose one and click on the Load button. To go somewhere directly, type the URL into the box on the Location bar, and click on the button at the right end of the Address box to drop down a list of all the addresses you've ever typed in. Click on the Home button to return to the Mosaic home page for your version. You can save interesting Web destinations by selecting Navigate ~ Add Current to Hotlist. The page you add will instantly become a menu item on the Hotlists ~ Starting Points menu. That menu includes many useful hotlist items preloaded. To go to a hotlist item, select Hotlists ~Starting Points~ hotlist item. To save a Web document with Mosaic, select File ~ Save As. To mail a Web docu ment to someone, select File ~ Send Email. Mosaic will open a Mail window. To include the text of the document in the message, click on the Include Text button and then click on Yes to "quote" the document using the ">" character or No to insert the text as is. In order to view the HTML source of a Web document, select File ~ Document Source. If you want to change your home page, first go to the page you want to use or copy its URL. Then select Options~ Preferences and click on the Document tab in the dia log box that appears. Either click on the Use Current button in the Home Page area or type (or paste) the address you want. Then click on OK.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 32
33 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
pages pages
at at a a
site, site,
letting letting
you you
browse browse them them
at at
your your
leisure-and leisure-and
in in
a a lot lot less less
time. time.
Now Now
when when
you you
browse browse
a a
Web Web
site, site,
Mosaic Mosaic
can can
pull pull
down down
and and
cache cache
all all
of of
the the
Users Users
familiar familiar
with with
Mosaic Mosaic
will will
be be
delighted delighted
to to learn learn of of its its new new AutoSurf AutoSurf feature. feature.
AutoSurf AutoSurf with with Mosaic Mosaic
New' New'
Page Page
or or any any of of
the the other other preloaded preloaded
starting-points starting-points
links. links.
keep keep
up up
with with
what's what's
new, new,
select select
Hotlists Hotlists
> > Starting Starting
Points Points
);--
NCSA NCSA
Mosaic's Mosaic's
'What's 'What's
To To
get get
help help
with with
Mosaic, Mosaic,
select select
Help Help
);--
Contents Contents
or or Help Help );--
Online Online Resources. Resources. To To
Window, Window,
and and
so so on). on).
This This
is is
the the home home
page page
for for the the
Windows Windows
version. version.
FIGURE FIGURE
4.9: 4.9:
NCSA NCSA
Mosaic Mosaic
has has
a a different different
home home
page page
for for
each each version version (Windows, (Windows, Macintosh, Macintosh, X X
8 8 o o w w r r s s i i n n ~ ~ h h g g t t ~ ~ W W b b •• •• Chapter four
Browsing thP Web with Net(ruiser NetCruiser includes a browser module for the Web (it comes up auto matically when you start NetCruiser unless you say otherwise). To run it, click on the Web icon. This takes you to the Netcom HomePort, a pretty good jumping-off point (see Figure 4.10).
The Web browser module has a Back and Forward button. To see the list of recent sites you've visited, select WWW :;;.. History. Choose a site in the dialog box that appears, and then on click the Jump To button. You can go to a specific page by typ ing its URL in the Address box at the top of the WWW module window. When you click on the arrow on the right end of the Address box, a list drops down, showing you the history list of recent sites you've visited. To search a page, click on the Search button (or select Edit Find). Type the text you're looking for and click on OK. When you want to make a bookmark, click on the Book Mark button (or select WWW? Book Mark). Click on the Add button in the Book Mark dialog box that pops up to add the current page to your bookmark list. Select a bookmark and click on Jump to go directly to that page. Click on Close when you're done in the window. There are two ways to save a document: click on the Save button or select File > Save. However, NetCruiser does not provide a way for you to mail documents to other people. In order to see the underlying HTML source for a Web document, select View> Source File. First select Settings :;;.. WWW Options to change your home page. Make sure the General button appears pushed in. Type or paste the URL you want into the box in the Home Page File area and then click on OK. To get help with NetCruiser, select Help :;;.. Contents.
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 34
35 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
• •
Choose Choose
one one
of of the the listed listed What's What's New New pages. pages.
• •
Click Click
on on
the the
What's What's
New New
link link on on the the
Web Web
Directory Directory
Listings Listings page page
that that appears. appears.
• •
Click Click
on on
the the Search Search
Engines Engines
& &
Directory Directory
Listings Listings
link link on on the the
Homeport Homeport
page. page.
Homeport Homeport page. page. You You can can also also
To To
keep keep
up up
with with
Netcom Netcom
news, news,
click click
on on
the the New New
button button at at the the bottom bottom of of the the
FIGURE FIGURE
4.10: 4.10:
Netcom's Netcom's
HomePort HomePort
offers offers
a a variety variety of of destinations destinations on on the the Web. Web.
Mark Mark
Book Book
Browsing Browsing the the Web Web 111 Chapter four
Browsing the Web with Netscape Navigator as just Netscape) is by far the world's Netscape Navigator (commonly referred to it (by connecting to your Internet service most popular Web browser. When you start icon), it connects to the Netscape provider and then double-clicking on the Navigator 4.11 ). home page and starts you off there (see Figure
LATEST NEWS: GOLD RELEASED
NAVIGATOR GOLD SIHPS the shipping version of \;\Jindows 95 and NT users can now ·:h and up-to-date information FIGURE 4.11: The Netscape Home Page has Web-surfing destinations about Netscape. between pages, and the Go menu to Use the Back and Forward buttons to move in the current session-your history list. To see a list of all of the pages you've visited in the Location box, which will change into go to a specific Web page, type its address can pull down a list from that box to see a Go To box as soon as you start typing. You every page you've ever typed in directly. Bookmarks ~ Add. To go to a book To make a bookmark with Netscape, select choose the item. mark, pull down the Bookmarks menu and select File ~ Save As. To mail a In order to save a Web document with Netscape, Click on the Attachment button document to someone, select File ~ Mail Document. Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 36 Browsing the Web in the message window to control how the document is sent-as an HTML source file (the default) or as plain text. When you want to view the underlying HTML source of a Web page, select View);> Document Source (previously View );>- Source in earlier versions of Navigator). To change your home page in Netscape, first copy the URL of the page you want to use. Then select Options );>- General Preferences and click on the Appearance tab. Type or paste the Web address into the Start With box in the Startup area and then click on OK. Any time you want to get help with Netscape, choose Help);>- Handbook (or any of the other commands on the Help menu). To see what's new on the Net, choose one of the following options: • Select Directory );>- What's New! • Select Directory );>-What's Cool! • Click on the What's New! directory button • Click on the What's Cool! directory button Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 37 38 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright family family (and (and maybe maybe your your pets), pets), and and a a list list of of your your favorite favorite Web Web sites sites (most (most likely likely yearbook yearbook entry entry with with a a few few images, images, some some facts facts about about you you and and perhaps perhaps your your in in cyberspace. cyberspace. One One that that says, says, "Here "Here I I am." am." A A home home page page can can be be as as simple simple as as a a Why Why would would you you want want your your own own home home page? page? Well, Well, it's it's a a little little like like putting putting up up a a flag flag be be a a little little trickier. trickier. sending sending a a message message to to the the right right address-but address-but publishing publishing your your own own home home page page can can how how to to contribute contribute to to mailing mailing lists lists and and Usenet Usenet newsgroups-it's newsgroups-it's as as simple simple as as for for you you might might be be to to put put your your own own information information up up on on the the Net. Net. You You already already know know on on the the Internet Internet and and explore explore the the resources resources that that are are out out there. there. The The next next step step This This is is the the bonus bonus chapter. chapter. You've You've now now learned learned all all you you need need to to know know to to function function • • Finding Finding a a home home for for your your page page • • Previewing Previewing a a home home page page • • Inserting Inserting pictures pictures and and links links into into a a page page • • Editing Editing an an HTML HTML document document • • Understanding Understanding a a little little HTML HTML • • Finding Finding and and saving saving a a home-page home-page template template HOM£ HOM£ PAG£ PAG£ MAKING MAKING A A SIMPL£ SIMPL£ Ill Ill IJfl (h a p t H Tw e I ve taken from your bookmark file); or it can be as complicated as a full-service front end for a company or organization. Telling you all the ins and outs of making an elaborate Web site would take a whole book/ but I can recommend an easy way to put together a simple home page and point you to a few other alternatives as well. Creating a Home Page A number of Web sites offer straightforward procedures that result in a fully assem bled home page. Also/ quite a few programs are available that do the same thing for you offline. I recommend the Home Page Construction kit at the GNN (Global Network Navigator) Web site. To get there/ point your browser at http : II g n n . com In e t i zen s I construction . h t m1 (see Figure 12.1 ). FIGURE 12.1: Visit the Home Page Construction Kit to painlessly assemble a simple home page. The GNN site offers stripped-down step-by-step instructions/ as well as a useful HTML document template you can save to your browser and then edit/ replacing the text. dummy information with your own personal Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 39 40 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright command) command) to to return return to to the the main main page. page. select select the the Back Back to to Home Home Page Page Construction Construction Kit Kit link link (or (or just just use use your your browser's browser's Back Back links, links, and and embedded embedded images. images. When When you've you've read read this this page, page, scroll scroll back back to to the the top top and and Read Read through through the the rest rest of of the the page page for for a a basic basic primer primer on on HTML HTML codes, codes, hypertext hypertext demonstrates demonstrates the the HTML HTML codes codes that that make make them them work work the the way way they they do do (see (see Figure Figure 12.2). 12.2). in in general. general. This This page page shows shows some some examples examples of of different different types types of of home home pages pages and and net net i i zen zen s/ s/ create. create. t t h h m m 1) 1) for for some some background background on on how how to to make make a a home home page page Start Start by by following following the the Creating Creating a a Home Home Page Page link link (to (to http http : : // // g n n n n g · · com com I I Visiting Visiting the the GNN GNN Site Site compuserve. compuserve. com) com) site. site. Visit Visit that that site site to to download download their their stand-alone stand-alone program. program. to to set set up up home home pages pages at at the the Our Our World World (http://ourworld· (http://ourworld· Also, Also, CompuServe CompuServe offers offers a a home-page home-page wizard wizard that that members members can can download download assembles assembles your your page page for for you. you. page page and and the the Web Web addresses addresses of of any any sites sites you you might might want want to to link link to. to. Then Then it it on. on. It It asks asks for for the the location location of of any any art art files files you you might might want want to to include include on on your your interviews interviews you you aboutyour aboutyour vital vital information: information: your your name, name, what what you you do, do, and and so so Macintosh Macintosh version version is is supposed supposed to to be be available available soon. soon. The The WEB WEB Wizard Wizard program program (http://www.halcyon.com/artamedia/webwizard/).A (http://www.halcyon.com/artamedia/webwizard/).A Windows Windows users users can can download download a a tight tight little little program program called called WEB WEB Wizard Wizard Another Another Approach: Approach: Making Making a a Uome Uome Page Page with with a a ~~wizard'' ~~wizard'' Program Program Making Making a a Simple Simple Home Home liD liD Page Page Chapter Twelve FIGURE 11.1: GNN's Creating a Home Page page Going to the Template Page Skip the next link, which discusses how to upublishu a home page, meaning how to find a place to store it on the Net and make it available to the public. That's important, but you have to create your home page first before you need to worry about where to store it. Instead, follow the link called Home Page Template ( http : I I 9 n n . com I net i zen sIte m p 1ate . h t m 1 ). Read the instructions on that page and then follow the link that says GO to Home Page Template (http : I I 9 n n . com In e t i zen s I home p a 9 e. h t m 1). This will take you to a dummy home page with lots of places to plug in information about yourself (see Figure 12.3). Saving the Template Next, save this file to your own computer. With most browsers, this means select in ing File )o> Save As; be sure to specify HTM L as the type of file. For example, Netscape Navigator, the choice is called Source (*.htm, *.html). Make a note of where you're saving it. Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 41 42 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright you you don't don't really really need need to to understand understand them, them, so so feel feel free free to to skip skip ahead. ahead.
and and
). ).The The
following following
table table
briefly briefly
explains explains
the the
tags tags
you'll you'll
the the
see, see, brackets brackets but but
are are
required, required,
so so
you you
shouldn't shouldn't
mess mess
with with
those those
(such (such
as as
ically ically
less-than less-than and and
and and
greater-than greater-than
signs signs
but but
I I
think think
of of
them them angle angle as as
brackets). brackets).
Some Some
The The
document document of of
consists consists
of of
regular regular
text text
and and
HTML HTML
tags tags surrounded surrounded
by< by<
and> and> the the
HTML HTML
(typ
source source
file file
is is (see (see Figure Figure 12.4). 12.4).
text text
with with
your your
real real
information. information.
You You
may may
be be surprised surprised
at at
how how
simple simple
and and
easy easy
to to The The read read
drill drill
at at
this this
point point
is is to to
open open the the
HTML HTML
document document
and and
replace replace
all all the the lowercase: lowercase: dummy dummy vi). vi).
Edit Edit
is is
ideal. ideal.
In In Unix, Unix,
you're you're
stuck stuck
with with
Vi Vi (pronounced (pronounced
vee-eye vee-eye
and and
usually usually
spelled spelled
fortable fortable all all
with with
Notepad.) Notepad.)
For For
the the Macintosh, Macintosh,
Simple Simple
Text Text
will will
work work
just just
fine fine more more
and and
features-such features-such
BB BB
as as Search Search
and and
Replace-but Replace-but
you you
may may
be be
more more
familiar familiar
and and editor. editor.
com
In In Windows, Windows,
I I recommend recommend
using using
WordPad WordPad
or or
Notepad. Notepad.
(WordPad (WordPad
has has
Now Now
a a few few you you
have have
to to
edit edit
that that
HTML HTML
document, document,
which which
you you
can can do do in in
any any simple simple Looking Looking text text
at at the the HTML HTML Document Document
simple simple
home home
page. page.
You You
just just
have have
to to
fill fill in in
the the
actual actual
information information
FIGURE FIGURE
to to
be be all all 12.3: 12.3:
set. set.
GNN's GNN's
dummy dummy
home home
page page
includes includes
most most
of of
the the HTML HTML
tags tags
you'll you'll need need to to create create a a
• •
• • description description
• • description description
Hobbies Hobbies
I I work work at at company/school company/school name. name.
\iVhere \iVhere
I I work/go work/go to to school school
~ ~
picture picture title title
~;,,'1 ~;,,'1
YourNatne's YourNatne's
Hotne Hotne Page Page
______
M_a_k_i_n_g_a M_a_k_i_n_g_a __ __ S_im S_im ______ple ple Home Home Page Page IJII IJII 1111 ( h a pt n Tw e I ve
picture title
Where I work/go to school
I work at company/school name.
Hobbies
- description I
- description
- description
FIGURE 12.4: The HTML tags appear surrounded by< and>. The rest is regular text.
Hl through H6 Headings. The number indicates the level of the heading, meaning its importance or priority IMG Image SRC Source UL Unordered list. Unordered means "with bullets," as opposed to ordered, which means "with numerals" OL Ordered list Ll List item A Anchor. Indicates the beginning or end of a link HREF Hypertext reference ADDRESS Address p Paragraph break
Many tags appear in pairs, with an opening tag and a closing tag that starts with a slash, such as
and
. These particular tags mark the beginning and end,Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 43
44 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
ten ten started started with with it. it.
Figure Figure
12.5 12.5
shows shows
what what
the top top the
of of
my my page page
looks looks like like
after after
Debussy Debussy
Fields Fields
has has got
subsections subsections
with with
a a
Third-Level Third-Level
Heading Heading
and and go go
from from
there. there.
10. 10.
If If you you
want want
to to
break break
a a
section section
into into
smaller smaller
sections, sections,
start start
the the
first first
level level
of of
List List
section, section,
as as many many times times as as you you like. like.
paste paste
it it in in
again again
just just
below below
where where
it it
is is now now
and and just just
before before
the the
Personal Personal
Hot Hot
9. 9.
If If
you'd you'd
like like
to to have have
other, other,
similar similar
categories, categories,
copy copy
the the
Hobbies Hobbies section section and and
like like it. it.
8. 8.
Add Add
introductory introductory
text text
after after
the the
H2 H2 and and
before before
the the
UL UL
starting starting tag tag if if you you feel feel
do do so). so).
7. 7.
Add Add
more more
items items
to to
the the
list list
if if you you
want want
Gust Gust
start start
a a new new
line line
with with
page, page,
you you can can
change change the the
heading heading
to to anything anything
you you
want. want.
6. 6.
Do Do the the
equivalent equivalent
thing thing
with with the the
Hobbies
Hobbies
tag. tag. This This
is is your your
say say a a thing thing or or two. two.
the the
tags. tags.
Add Add
more more
text text
as as
well. well.
This This
is is your your
chance chance
to to
5. 5.
Then Then
change change
the the
sentence sentence
however however
you you
want, want,
but but
be be careful careful
not not
to to mangle mangle
overthrow overthrow
the the government, government, or or whatever). whatever).
tags, tags,
with with
the the name name
of of
the the
place place
where where
you you
work work
or or
go go to to school school (or (or
plot plot to to
company/school company/school
name, name, between between
the the
HREF=b/ah, HREF=b/ah, blah> blah> and and
4. 4.
In In
the the
sample sample
text text
below below the the
H2 H2
heading, heading, replace replace
the the
text, text,
it it with with the the name name of of an an employer. employer.
3. 3.
Then Then
select select
the the
dummy dummy
H2 H2 text, text,
Where Where
I I work/go work/go
to to school, school,
and and
replace replace
paragraph paragraph
break) break)
so so the the
picture picture
title title text text
beforehand beforehand
doesn't doesn't
run run right right
into into
it. it.
say say
about about
yourself, yourself,
as as
much much
or or as as
little little
as as
you you want, want,
but but
start start
with with
(a (a
2. 2.
Below Below
the the
IMG IMG
tag tag
and and
above above
the the first first H2 H2
tag, tag,
type type
in in anything anything
you you
want want
to to
controls controls
what what
appears appears
in in
the the browser's browser's
title title
bar), bar),
and and
once once
on on the the H H
1 1 line. line.
1. 1.
Replace Replace
YourName YourName
with with
your your
real real
name name
twice, twice,
once once
on on the the
TITLE TITLE
line line
(this (this
generic generic
text text
with with
the the real real
text. text. This This is is the the easy easy part. part.
Okay, Okay,
enough enough
looking. looking.
Time Time to to
really really
edit edit
your your
home home
page. page. Just Just
start start
replacing replacing
the the
(diting (diting the the HTML HTML Document Document
say say
HTML HTML
is is
easy, easy,
since since
the the
browser browser
does does most most
of of the the
work. work.
file file
interpreted interpreted
and and
displayed displayed
as as
a a Web Web
document. document.
This This
result result
is is what what
makes makes
people people
Switch Switch
over over
to to the the
browser browser
window window
again again
and and compare compare
the the "raw" "raw"
HTML HTML
file file
to to
the the
of of the the people people on on the the planet. planet.
respectively, respectively,
of of
a a
second-level second-level
heading. heading.
Now Now
you you
know know more more HTM HTM L L than than 99 99 percent percent
Making Making a a
Simple Simple Home Home 1111 1111 Page Page ps ps 111:1 Ch a p t er Tw e I ve
Debussy Fields does not really exist. This picture is a fake.
Uatermelon Uorks
I work at the watermelon works, in watermelon sugar, where the deeds 1Jere done.
Favorite Authors
I- Richard Brautigan
- Thomas Pynchon
- Doris Lessing
- Don DeLillo
- Kilgore Trout
- Enterzone Kicks
- Literary 0 >
hyperlinked into the FIGURE 12.6: Debussy's employer and favorite sites have now been home page.
Learning More about HTML in some addi In the future, you may want to expand the page, maybe link a SRC="filename" tional pages. In a similar way to how the IMG tag includes to other doc reference to connect a picture to a page, you can make local/inks by using the uments stored in the same place as the home page about HTML and tags. If you want to learn more 1/.w ww. and Web-page creation, visit the Web Designer page (http: kosone. com/people/nelson/nl· htm), a central clearinghouse by the way, not a for Web-design related information. (That's a letter "I" numeral "one" in the filename of this page.)
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 47
48 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
FIGURE FIGURE 12.8: 12.8:
The The rest rest of of Debussy's Debussy's home home page page
• • TI1e TI1e \\I'EB \\I'EB DESIGNER DESIGNER
• • Literary Literary Kicks Kicks
• • Enterzone Enterzone
The The Bestest Bestest Links Links on on the the Net Net
• • Kilgore Kilgore Trout Trout
• • DonDeLillo DonDeLillo
• • Doris Doris Lessing Lessing
• • Thomas Thomas Pynchon Pynchon
• • Richard Richard Brautigan Brautigan
Favorite Favorite Authors Authors
I I work work
at at the the
watermelon watermelon works, works, in in watermelon watermelon sugar, sugar, where where the the deeds deeds were were done. done.
aterme aterme on on orks orks
;>l;·Netscape-
[Debussy [Debussy Fields' Fields' Home Home Page) Page) l!!lli!Ei l!!lli!Ei
FIGURE FIGURE
12.7: 12.7:
The The
top top of of Debussy's Debussy's
home home page page as as seen seen in in Netscape Netscape Navigator Navigator 2.0 2.0 for for Windows Windows
Debussy Debussy Fields Fields does does not not really really erjst erjst This This picture picture is is a a fake. fake.
Debussy Debussy Fields Fields forever forever
Page' Page' Page Page
The The 'Debussy 'Debussy Fields, Fields, This This is is My My Honte Honte
a a M M n n k k a a i i 1111 1111 m m S S g g i i e e I I o m m o H H p p e e a a P P e e g g lUI Ch a p t er T w~ I ve
Finding a Home for Your Page Internet service The final question about your home page is where to put it. Many space on their Web providers (and some of the online services as well) offer free to all their customers. servers, up to some quota of disk space (often five megabytes), you'll have to find If your e-mail provider does not offer you access to a Web server, any other affiliations someone else to host your site. Look first at your company or out there (though you may have. There are also some free home-page hosting sites they may require that you include an ad for them on your page). (see Chapter 3 for Some providers will ask you to send them your files via e-mail to upload your files to how to send files via e-mail). Others will prefer it if you use FTP assign you a URL for them (see Chapter 10 for how to send files via FTP). They will name. com I your home page, often in the format http : I I w w w their.. -your- username, but other variations are possible as well. out there on Once you get your page (and any associated art files or linked pages) friends and ask them your provider's Web site, then anyone can drop by. E-mail your all) of the directory to visit. If you want to truly make your pages public, visit some (or for your page to each and search sites mentioned in Chapter 5, and submit the U RL of them. Now you're truly "on the Net:'
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 49
FIGURE 12.5: All about Debussy Fields
Next, scroll down to the bottom of the document. In the ADDRESS area, put your name and your e-mail address in parentheses, and then save the document. Putting in an Image and the Links Now you have to put the file names and locations of any Web pages you want to link to and any art or illustrations you want embedded in your page. First the image.
Putting in an Image Go up to the tag just below the
Bright House Networks - Ex. 1028, Page 45
46 Page 1028, Ex. - Networks House Bright
document. document.
Your Your
browser browser
will will
display display your your
finished finished
page page (see (see Figures Figures 12.7 12.7 and and
12.8). 12.8).
directory directory
where where
you you
saved saved
the the home home
page page
originally originally
(if (if necessary), necessary), and and open open the the HTML HTML
Now Now
switch switch
back back
to to
your your
Web Web
browser browser
and and select select
File File Open Open );;>- File. File. Switch Switch
to to the the
Previewing Previewing the the Home Home Page Page
text text
links links inserted. inserted. Then Then save save the the document. document.
home home
page page
document document
you're you're
working working
on. on. Figure Figure
12.6 12.6 shows shows the the document document with with
hyper
usually usually
do do
this this
if if
you you
select select
the the
address address
first) first) and and
paste paste
each each of of the the addresses addresses
into into the the
perfect perfect
accuracy accuracy
from from
the the
address address
box box
of of your your browser browser
(Ctri+C (Ctri+C or or Command+( Command+(
will will
(easy, (easy,
if if
you've you've
made made
bookmarks) bookmarks)
with with
your your
Web Web
browser browser and and then then copy copy the the
links links with with
here" here"
text text
with with
the the
actual actual
addresses addresses
of of
your your
favorite favorite
links. links. You You can can go go to to those those
pages pages
thing thing
different. different.
Then Then
replace replace
the the
description description
text. text.
Finally, Finally, you you have have to to replace replace the the
"URL "URL
Then Then
go go
down down
to to the the
Personal Personal
Hot Hot
List List
area. area.
Change Change
that that heading heading if if you you want want
some
affiliation affiliation
does does not not have have a a home home page. page.
Net Net for for
it it if if
you you
don't don't
have have
it it
handy.) handy.)
You You can can
erase erase
the the and >and
tags tags
if if your your
the the
full full
address address
of of
the the
home home
page page
of of your your
company company
or or school. school. (Hunt (Hunt around around
on on
the the
first first
H2 H2 heading. heading.
Replace Replace
the the
words words
"URL "URL here" here"
(but (but
keep keep the the quotation quotation marks) marks)
with with
To To
insert insert
your your
first first
link, link,
go go
to to
the the
first first
A A tag, tag,
the the one one in in the the
first first sentence sentence
after after the the
Putting Putting in in links links
with with and and follow follow it it with with . .
Type Type
a a caption caption
for for
the the
picture picture
(replacing (replacing
picture picture
title). title).
To To make make it it bold, bold, precede precede it it
this this for for you. you.
shareware shareware
tool, tool,
Lview Lview
Pro). Pro).
You You might might
find find
it it easier easier
to to ask ask someone someone you you know know
to to do do
manipulation manipulation
programs programs
(from (from
the the
expensive, expensive, professional professional
tool, tool, PhotoShop, PhotoShop,
to to
the the
BM BM
Ps, Ps,
and and
Tl Tl
Fs Fs
can can
be be
converted converted
to to
either either
of of
those those formats formats in in a a variety variety of of
image
The The
picture picture
will will
have have
to to
be be in in
a a GIF GIF or or JPEG JPEG
format, format, but but other other formats, formats, such such as as PICTs, PICTs,
M M a a k k i i a a n n S S g g i i e e I I m p p m llilj llilj H H e e o m m o P P e e a a g g IUtl (h a pt er Tw e I v e