f r \ ------the I D AY MISSIONS V < / SEVENTY-SECOND HEPOfif ^ A R ^

OF THE BASEL GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSION

IN

SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA

FOR THE YEAR

1911

MANGALORE

PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PBESS 1912 NEW CHURCH AT MELPARAMBA (Palghat).

ì}uropEan Missionaries

of tlb-e B asel G-exiiia-aa. lE-varLgreliceil ZLvdZissiorn..

Corrected up to the ist April 1912.

(m) = marriec ; (w) = widower ; * = unordained.

.N am e Native Country Ent. Service Station

1. A. Ruhland (ra) Germany 1876 Palghat, Malabar 2. J. J. Jaus (m) do. 1879 Calicut, do. 3. Fr. Stierlin (m) * do. 1880 Mangalore, S. Cañara 4. K. Ernst (m) do. 1881 Bettigeri, S. Mahrnt. 5. J. Fischer (m) do. 1881 Anandapuv, Coorg 6. F. Eisfelder (m) do. 1882 Guledgudd, S.Mnhr. 7. C. Hole (m) do. 1884 Cannanore, Malabar 8. D. Berli (m) Switzerland 1885 Hubli, S. M ahratta 9. G. Peter (m) do. 1885 Palghat, M alab ar 10. A. Glattfelder (m)* do. 1886 Mangalore, S. Can 11. H. Risch (m) Germany 1888 Kaity, Nilg-iris 12. G. Wieland (m) do. 1888 Kalhatti, do. 13. H. Bretschneider (m) * do. 1890 Mangalore, S. C an. 14. H. Bsschle (m) do. 1893 do. do. 15. K. Mayer (m) do. 1893 Bijapur, S. M ahr. 16. P. Sengle (m) do. 1894 Tellicherry, Malabar 17. H. Knobloch (m) * do. 1895 Calicut, do. 18. W. Stokes, M. B., C. M. EU, (m) * India 1895 do. do. 19. G. Fischer (m) Germany 1896 Karkal, S. Canal’ll 20. A. Schosser (m) do. 1896 Mangalore, do. 21. H. Kühner (m)* do. 1896 Tellicherry, Malabar 22. H. Eidenbenz (m)* Switzerland 1896 Cannanore, do. 23. G. Renschler (m) Germany 1897 Chombala, do. 24. Chr. Dürr (m) do. 1897 Kasaragod, S. Can. 25. H. Stokes (m)* India 1898 Udipi, S. C añ ara 1* 4

Name Native Country Ent. Service Station

26. M. Stuckert (m)* Switzerland 1898 Calicut, Malabar 27. W. Heckelmann (m)* Germany 1898 Ferok, do. 28. A. Scheuer (m) do. 1899 Tellicherry, do. 29. A. Beierbach (m)* do. 1899 Mangalore, 8. Cañara 30.1. Pfleiderer (m) do. 1899 Udipi, do. 31. H. Haffner (m)* do. 1899 Cannanore, Malabar 32. J. Maue (m) do. 1899 Palghat, do. 33. H. Hofmann (m)* do. 1900 Calicut, do. 34. ß . Bunz (m) do. 1901 Mangalore, S. Cañara 35. J. Ruopp (m) do. . 1901 Codacal, Malabar 36. J. Spieth (m) do. 1902 Guledgudd, S. Mahr. 37. Pr. Schweikhart (m) do. 1902 Mercara, Coorg 38. E. Bommer (m) do. 1902 Dharwar, S. Mahratta 39. K. Grossmann (m) do. 1903 Moolky, S. Cañara 40. A. Seiler (m)* do. 1904 Calicut, Malabar 41. Fr. Keudel (m)* do. 1904 Mangalore, S. Cañara 42. H. Schmid (m)* do. 1904 Palghat, Malabar 43. G. Bräckle (m) * do. 1904 Mangalore, S. Can. 44. K. Tanner (m) Switzerland 1905 Dharwar, S. Mahr. 45. Fr. Bresch (m) * Germany 1905 Mangalore, S. Ganara 46. G. Forrer (m)* Switzerland 1905 Mercara, Coorg 47. D. Mall (m)* Germany 1906 Codacal, Malabar 48. H. Becker (m) do. 1906 Basrur, S. Cañara 49. Th. Ritter (m) do. 1906 Puttur, do. 50. 0. Feil (m) do. 1906 Yaniyankulam, Mai. 51. K. Volz (m) do. 1906 Kotagiri, Nilgiris 52. G. Wessel (m) do. 1906 Manjeri, Malabar 53. A. Jucker Switzerland 1907 Chombala, do. 54. H. Weller (m) Germany 1907 Mangalore, S. Can ara 55. K. Schäfer do. 1907 Cannanore, Malabar 56. A. Blum (m) do. 1907 Mangalore, s. Can. 57. J. Lang * do. 1908 Calicut, Malabar 58. 0. Wüthrich* Switzerland 1908 Mangalore, S. Cañara 5

Name Native Country Ent. Semi S ta tio n

59. P. Beck Germany 1908 Udipi, S. Cañara 60. A. Bernius do. 1908 Honavar, X. Cañara 61. G. Lübke do. 1908 Tellicherry, MiUnbar 62. J. Kämmerer * do. 1909 Udipi, S. Cañara 63. S. Gysin * Switzerland 1909 Calicut, Malabar 64. K. Schmidt* Germany 1909 Ferok, do. 65. Cb. W agner do. 1909 Udipi, S. Canam 66. M. Müller do. 1909 Hubli, S. Mahratta 67. M. Kleine* do. 1910 Cannanore, Malabar 68. J. Schrenk do. 1910 Palghat, do. 69. H. Bach do. 1910 Anandapur, Coorg 70. G. Probst do. 1910 Codacal, Malabar 71. P. Wiegand do. 1910 Moolky, S. Cañara 72. R. Schober * do. 1911 Mangalore, do. 73. K. Widmann* do. 1911 Calicut, Malabar 74. G. Schmid do. 1911 Bettigeri, S Mahratta 75. A. Münch do. 1911 Honavar, N. Cañara 76. K. Kieber do. 1911 Hubli, S. Mahratta

Single Ladies. 77. Miss A. Ehrensperger Switzerland 1900 Calicut, Malabar 78. „ J. Metzger Germany 1902 do. do. 79. „ E. Schneider do. 1903 Cannanore, do. 80. „ Marg. Beck do. 1903 Mangalore, S. Canara 8J. „ M. Stsehelin Switzerland 1903 Hubli, S. Mahratta 82. „ E. Lempp Germany 1905 Bettigeri, do. 83. „ E. Wuttke Russia 1907 Cannanore, Malabar 84. „ J. Majer Germany 1910 Calicut, do. 85. „ M. Gogel do. 1910 Cannanore, do. 86. „ M. Weisser do. 1910 MaDgalore,S Canara 87. „ Lydia Jakob Switzerland 1910 do. do. 88. „ A. Stepper Germany 1911 Calicut, Malabar 89. v M. Bahlinger do. 1911 Bettigeri, s. Mahra. 6

A t H o m e .

Name Native Country Ent. service ' Station

90. A. Brasche (m) ✓ Germany 1869 late of Udipi, s. Can. 91. G. Benner (m)* do. 1877 do. Ferok, Malabar 92. B. Luthi (m) ^ Switzerland 1884 do. Mangalore,?.C. 93. F. Huber (m) * ^ do. 1886 do. Mangalore,do. 94, J. Sieber (m)* J do. 1887 do. do. do 95. Fr. Yolz (m) * Germany 1888 do. Calicut, Malabar 96. Tr. Lutz (m) ^ Switzerland 1892 do. Honavar, sr. c 97. M. Breidenbach (m) Germany 1892 do. Moolky,S. Can. 98. T. Reusch (m) f do. 1895 do. Mangalore, do. 99. E. Liithy (m) / Switzerland 1896 do. Bijapur, S. M. 100. Fr. Brauu (m) i Germany 1898 do. Basrur, S. Can. 101. A. Spring (m) / do. 1900 do. Bettigeri, S.M. 102. P. Simpfendorfer (m)V do. 1900 do. Palghat, Mai. 103. Chr. Renz (m)* / do. 1901 do. Calicut, do. 104.If. ZBFWBCK, Dr. pli. & med. (m) 1 do. 1901 do. Bettigeri, S.M. 105. J. Meyer, Dr. pirn, (m) ^ - do. 1901 do. Tellicherry, Ma. 106. W. Muller (m) do. 1802 do. Calicut, Malabar 107. H. Simon (m)* < do. 1902 do. Udipi, S. Canarn 108. Fr. Straub (m) / do. 1903 do* Codacal, Mai. 109. Fr. Schad (m) J ^ do. 1904 do. Kotagiri, Nilg. 110. Fr. Schimming (m)*' do. 1905 do. Cannanore, M l. 111. W. Hauer do. 1907 do. Palghat, do.

112. Miss H. Krauss do. 1898 do. Mangalore, S. C. 113. „ M. Geiger do. 1908 do. Calicut, M alab ar Detailed Table of Stations, Out-stations, and Agents. 1 st Jsns.TxeLr3 r 1 0 1 .S.

Stations Indian Agents : — and European Agents Pastors, Catechists, Chr. Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants I. M angalore a) Pastoral a) Pastoral and Evangelistic Work Balmallia, Ullal, R ev. H. Baechle, in charge of Rev. Timothy Furtado, Balm atha ieppu, Bockapatna, station and schools „ Joshua Soans, Mercara Hill Rolma, Baiitwal, Rev. R. Bunz, District Secu­ „ Obed Sumitra, Bockapatna Amyanibala, la r A gent Curpur. „ Winfred Micha, Jeppoo Rev. H, Weller, itinerancy Evang. Lemuel Soens, PUnambur b) Educational Cat. Satyanatha Sumantha, itiner. Rev. A. Schosser, Theolog. „ H. Bangera, „ Sem inary, Chairman of the „ J. Melothu, Town Mission District Committee r Devadatta Jattanna, itinerancy Rev. A. Blum, Sec. School „ Prasada Soans, Bolma congr. Miss M. Beck, Girls' Schools „ M. Weisser, studying b) Educational Work language Cat. Chr. Watsal „ Lydia Jakob, „ , Chr. Maben j- Theological r v T i l Teachers c) Mercantile „ Gabr. John I Mr. J. Sieber, fo r m e r D istrict „ Fr. Jathanna, Sec. School Secular Agent and General Treasurer n M. Ezra, „ „ O.Wiithrich, M.M.-Branch „ Jeremiah Sona, „ „ Fr. Bresch, „ „ P. Shiri, Training School fo r mistresses „ Fr. Keudel, Book-Depot

d) Industrial Mr. F . Stierlin, Weaving Est. „ A. Glattfelder, Tile Works, Jeppoo „ H. Bretschneider, Tile Works, Kudroli „ A. Beierbach, IVess „ G. Bräckle, Mech. Establ. * R. Schober, Tile JJ'orks, Jeppoo 8

Stations Indian Agents: — and European Agents Pastors, Catechists, Chr. Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

2. M oolky. Rev. M. Breidenbach, congreg., Ret. Chr. Salis, Moolky congreg. orphanage, out-stations, and Kadike, „ St. Jathanna, P adur „ Santur, ücliila, itinerancy Evang. &. Premaya, Moolky, itin. Padur, Kutjar, Rev. P. Wiegand, studying Cat. J. Keiranna, Kutyar congr. Munderu. language „ A. Sumitra, Uchila „ „ G. Bangera, Kadike „ „ Isr. Eliezer, Munderu, itiner. „ J. Rajiva, S a n tu r, „ „ Penuel Soens, Moolky Second School'

3. U d ip i. Rev. I. Pfleiderer, congregation, R ev. Gabr. Bangera, Udipi congr. Parkala, Malpe, Sec. School, Boys’ Orphanage, „ Nahason Vira, Gudde „ Udyarara, Godde, Training Seminary, and Dist. „ Sam. Furtado, M alpe „ Shirva, Ambadi, School Inspector Madambail, „ A. Furtado, Sh irv a „ Rev. P- Beck, out-stations and Kalyanapur, Chara, Evang. Nath. Kunder, Chara, Barkur. itinerancy itinerancy R ev. Ch- W agner, studying lang. Cat. J. Vedamuttu, U dyavara congr_ and itinerancy , J. Sunita, Kalyanapur congreg. Mr. H. Stokes, Malpe Tile and itinerancy W orks „ S. Bangera, Madambail congr. „ J . Kammerer, „ and itinerancy „ A. H;ri, Ambadi congr., „ „ W. Heri, Udipi, itinerancy „ L. Dsvadatta, Chara, „ „ Raph. Satyavrita, Orphanage „ D. Amanna, Udipi T. Seminary Mr. V. Sheshachallam, b. a., i„. t., Udipi Secondary School

4 . K a r k a l. Rev. G. Fischer, congregation, Rev. P. Soens, Karkal congreg. Beilur, Nandolige, out-stations, and itinerancy Cat. J. Bhagyan, Beilur congr. and Attar, Madar, itinerancy Mndshur, „ Samuel Sumitra, Karkal, itin , Moodbidri, „ Med ad Jayanta, M oodbidri, „ Kal ambadi. „ G. Fernandez, Mudar congreg and itinerancy „ S. Karkada, Attur, itinerancy 9

Stations Indian. Agents : — , and European Agents Pastors, Catechists, Chr. Head Masters Out*stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants 5. B a s r u r . Rev. H-. Becker, congregation Evang. W. Fernandez, Basrur, itin, „ Im. Furtado, Basrur, itiner. Cosudapeor. and itinerancy Cat- D. Santwan, Basrur congr. and itincrancy „ Mel. Kundar, B a sru r „ „ S. Karat, Coondapoor congr. and itinerancy

6. K a s a r a - Rev. Chr. Durr, congregation, Rev. Im. Soens, congr. and itin. g o d . schools and out-stations Ev. W . Kundara, Nileshvara, itin. Ravaneslivara, Cat. J. Aarons, Kasaragod, \ Oeidroog, Bekal, „ B. Salins, Hosdroog, congreg. Manjeslivara, „ L. Fernandez, Hosdroog, itin. Enmbla,Nileshvara, „ A. Karat, Manjeshvara, itin. Bewiodsha, Pullur. * I. Bangera, Kumbla, „ „ H. Suchitta, Kasaragod, „ „ H. Soans, Nileshvara, *

7 . P u ttu r . Rev. Th. Ritter, congreg. and Evang. Ebenezer Clare, Beltangady Beltangady. itinerancy Cat. G. Maben, Pullur congregation and itinerancy „ Im. Jivottama, Puttur, itiner.

8. M e r c a r a . Mr. G. Forrer, M. M.-Branch Cat. Jos. Pramodana, congr. Si itin. Fraserpet, „ L. Salins, Mercara, itinerancy Suntikoppa, „ S. Bangera, „ „ Chembu.

0 . A n a n d a - Rev. J. Fischer, congr., orfih., Cat. N. Shatananda, congr. & itin. p u r . and itineran'y „ Fr. Matthias, itinerancy Rev. H. Bach, studying n Immanuel John, „ language lO.Honavar. Rev. A. Bernius, congregation, Ev. S. Bunyan, congr., itinerancy Anilgodu, Samslii, schools, and itinerancy Cat. T. Bangera, itinerancy Pavinakurre, Rev. A. Miincb, Studying , J.Challa, Knmta. language „ D. Watsa, Honavar school » Fr. Roberts, „ „

11. D h a r w a r . Rev. E. Bomtner, congregation, Ev. Isr. Dalabhanjana, itinerancy school, and itinerancy Cat. D. Jesudasa, congregation Rev. K. Tanner, High School, „ S. Ramthal, House-father of Students' Home. the Students’ Home n D . Gaudera, itinerancy

2 10

Stations Indian Agents:— and European Agents Pastors, Catechists, Chr. Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

12. H u b li. Rev. D. Berli, congr eg., Town Rev. Shanta Budigi, Hubli congr. Unakallu. Mission, and out-stations Ev. Ch. H alli, itinerancy R ev. M. Müller, itinerancy Cat. J. Devali, Unak. congregation Rev. K. Kieber, studying lang. „ D. Bhankapur, itinerancy „ Ananda Gunjala, „ M iss M. Stähelin, Bible-wotnen „ Ananda Patti, „

13.Bettigeri. R ev. K.. Ernst. Chairman of the R ev. A. R ona, congregation Cadag, Shagoti, S. M. Dist., Gen. lusp. of Sc/i., Cat. Ch. Uttangi, itin . 6° Bible-rev. Malasamudra, congregation, and orphanage „ A. Yogin, itinerancy Maktampur, Mrs. J. Schneiter, Med. Mission „ Is. Soans, Medical Mission Lakslimeslivar. Rev. G. Schmid, studyi?ig r Jos. Dalablianjana, M tihdergi language congregation and itinerancy MissE. Lempp, Med. Mission „ B. Mathapati, Shagoti congr. „ M. Bahlinger, „ Mr. A- K undrigi, M. M, Dresser

14. G u led ­ Rev. F. Eisfelder, orphanage, Rev. D. Katapur, Mushtigeri congr. gud d. Sumaddi congregation, itin. Cat. N. Ramthal, Guledgudd, itin. and out-stations Katkinlialli, „ D. Kanapur, Guledgudd, congr. Mushligeri, Rev.J. Spieth, Guledguddcongr., n H . Eden, Sumaddi, itinerancy Halkurki, out-stations, itinerancy Sumaddi. „ S. Gokavi, „ „ „ Im. Chittur, Katkinhalli, „

15. Bijapur. Rev. E. Liithy, congregation, Cat, M. .Suvarna, Bijapur, itiner. Koimur, llippargi. Dist. School Ins p., itiner. „ D. Gauda, „ „ Rev. K. Mayer, itinerancy „ Yira Chikoppa, „ „ n B. Alada, JKonnur, itinerancy „ D. Hebal, H ippargi, itinerancy

16. C anna- Rev. C. Hole, congregation and Rev. A. Tumaren, Cannanore cong. n ore. schools Cat. P. Mackadan, Chouoa „ Cliowa, Cliirakkal, Rev. K . Schafer, itinerancy and „ St. Parakandy, Cannan., itin. Taliparamba, schools Tayyanur, Clialat. „ D. Pozhakal, „ v Miss E. Wuttke, Bible-women r C. Aruuachalam, C hirak., „ Mr. H . Eidenbenz, Weaving Est. * J. Valiatingara, P ayyanur, „ „ H. Haffner, „ „ , Chr. N elliath, Taliparambu, „ v M. Kleine, „ „ Mr. Robert Hermon, Med. Mission, Miss M. Gogel, „ „ Payyanur r E. Schneider, v „ 11

S ta tio n s Indian Agents:— and European A gen ts Pastors, Catechists, Clir. Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

17. T e lli- Rev. P. Sengle, congr. Theolog. Rev. St. Kallat, Tcllicherry congr. e h e r r y . and Training Seminaries, Gen. „ I. Ammattil, Nettur congreg. Nettur, Anjarkaudj, Secretary} Editor Keralop. „ E vang. Ch. Hermon, Telli. i/in. Kattuparambu, Rev. A. Scheuer, Telli. congr., Cat. M. Simon, House-f other, Tkeol. Krinyoli. Parsi High School, Chairman Stm t nary , E. Thayil, Keralopakari, Theol. of the Malabar District Com. and Training Seminaries Mr. H. Kiihner, Gen. Treasurer „ I. M. Jacobi, H.father, Stud. and Dist. Secular Agent, Gen. Home, and Training Seminary Seer., Malabar Y. M. C. A-s. , L. Kallat, Nettur, itinerancy Rev. G. Liibke, Students’ Home „ J. P. Lawrence, Nettur, itin. and Theological Seminary „ D. Edakadan, A n ja rk., „ G. Probst, studying lang. Mr. A. Sathyanadhan, T ra in in g „ School, N ettur

18. C h o m b a - Rev. G. Renschler, Dist. School Rev. A. Edapalan, Chomba. congreg. la . Inspector, congr., orphanage, Cat. S. Mackaden, Mahi congreg. Malic, and out-stations „ St. Kollangarath, Kandappen- Handappenkundu, • „ A . J'ucker, itinerancy and kundu, itinerancy Badagara, out-stations Muverattu, „ A. Kallarilcal, Perambra, „ Pernmbra, „ A. Kalian, M u vera ttu , „ Kulliyati. „ J. Valiavalappen, Bada., „

19. C a lic u t. a) Pastoral and Evangelistic Rev. St. Chaudran, Calicut congr. Puthiyarakkal, Rev. J. Jaus, congr. and out-st. „ P. Selvam, P uthiyara. „ ([ailaudy, Miss A. Ehrensperger, B.-w . „ T. Parakandy, Ferok „ .Markal-Fcrok, b) Educational „ E v. N. Edapalen, Calicut itin. Annasheri. Cat. D. Amengara, „ congr. Mr. H. Knobloch, Sec. School, College Hostel „ A. Kalarikal Bible Teacher, Secondary School Miss J. Metzger, Girls’ Sec. Sch. „ B. Poyyayil, Calicut, itiner. „ M. Bonorand, „ „ „ J. Perian, * * c) IHedical ,, Ch. Vengulen, * „ Dr. W. Stokes „ S. Soans, Quilandy cong., itin. Miss A. Stepper „ I. Pavamani, „ itinerancy d) Industrial „ A. Kattuparambu, Med. M . Mr. H. Hofmann, General Agent, „ L. Pavamany, A nnasheri congr. M. M -B . and itiner. „ A. Seiler, Weaving Est. * E. Uriel, „ v „ M. Stuckert, Puth. Tile Works „ J. Sadananda, „ „ „ W . Heckelmann, Ferok „ Mr. P. Chandran, Medical Mission „ K . Schmidt, „ „ * John Kuryan,B.A., Sec. School „ K. Widmann, M . M .-B r. „ J. Nicholas, B. A., i.. T., G irls’ „ J. Lang, Weaving Est. Secondary School „ S. G ysin, T ailory Miss J. Majer, „ 12

S tations Indian Agents:— and European Agents Pastors, Catechists, Chr. Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

20.M anjeri. Rev. G. Wessel, congr., itin. Cat. Z. Pillakaden, Manjeri, itiner. Malapnram, „ Manuel Bethuel, „ „ Arikkod. „ D. C. Hutton, M alapuram „

21. Codacal. Rev. A. Ruhland, congregation Rev. S. Ambat, Codacal congreg. faraperi, Ponani, and out-stations Cat. E. Muthodan, P ar aperi orphan, Pallat, Rev. Fr. Straub, Parapericongr. n A. Padiath, Codacal, itinerancy Chiltattakara, and orphanäge „ Th. Kollyan, Ponani, „ GhaIasherS,Tritala, Mr. D. Mall, T ile W orks Mullasheri, „ D. Kolangarath, CAittat., „ Manatala. „ Satyavrathan, M ullask., „ „ Th. Valiyavalappen, Chalasheri itinerancy „ W. Martin, T ritala, „ Mr. Moses Ambat, M edical M ission Codacal

22. V a n i- R ev. O. F eil, congreg., schools, Evang. L. Napalli, Ottapal., itin . y a n k u la r u . out-stations, and itinerancy Cat. A. Arangadan, Vaniyankulam, Angadiparam, Medical Mission Trikateri, „ N. Benjamin, Vaniyan., congr. Ottapalam, Shoranur. „ George Peter, „ itiner. » J« Arangadan, „ „ # J. Hutton, Angadipur., „ „ A. Hermon, Shoranur, „ Mr. J. Manamparamba, Med. Miss., Vaniyankulam

23- Palghat. Rev. G. Peter, congregation and Rev. H. Menzel, Melparam. congr. Melparambu, out-stations Cat. Winfred Mandody, Palghat Wadackancheri, Rev. J. Maue, Secondary School Sec. School and congregation Panayur,Mankara, Rev. J. Sch renk, study ing lang. „ S. Nyarakaden, Palghat, itin. Nundnr. and school „ M. Pavamani, „ „ Mr. P. Sirapfendörfer, Tile „ P. Devasahayam, H tnayur, n Works, Olavakkot Mr. G. D . Manikam, b . a., r,. t., „ H. Schmid, * Secondary School 13

S ta tio n s Indian Agents:— a n d European Agents Pastors, Catechists, Chr. Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools and Hospital assistants

24. K aity- Rev. H. Risch, Chairman of Cat. M. Mehta, Kaity congrcg, Kerehada, Coonoor, the M ission, congr., orphanage „ M. Kari, Kaity, itinerancy N'erkambe, Hulikal, and Can. Bible Revision „ K. Satyanadhan, Coonoor Salemuro, Woderu, Rev. K. Volz, out-stations, congr. and itinerancy Kokalhada, Manjnr. itinerancy, and schools „ Isaac Bella, Hulikal congr, itin.

25Kalliatti. Rev. G. Wieland, congr., out- Cat. A. Madia, Tuneri congr., itin. Sholur, Tuneri, stations, and schools „ J. Philipp, Devarshola, itiner. Nellaliotta, „ H. Isaac, N ellakotta, * De?arshola.

26. Kotagiri. Rev. Fr. Schad, congregation, Cat. M. Kaleb, Kotagiri., itin., and Jakanare, Milidenn, orphanage, and itinerancy Cooly-Mission fionakore, Kukal, „ M. Bella, Kotagiri congr., itin. Denad, Tandaoad, „ M. Daniel, itin., Cooly-Mission Kodanad. Tabular View of Stations, Agents, and Churches of the B. G-, E. Mission. 1st JANUARY 19 12. ----- A g e n t s o f t h e M issio n Indian Church

European . State »1 the 0 dll s Changes during the year under report

4gen Mission­ Churclics mi 31st l»pcr. 19111 aries m Decrease Increase Totiil of

£ 0 £> E New 5 C STATIONS 1 rnnvrrts c£ 'S C E 0 S 0 statio n 'S < S 0 0 "S 0 a 0 0 03 GO tn B Catechists and

Total Total number of E

within the area of each Assist. Catechists 3 C Non-Christian

Church-members Church-members on 0 Schoolmasters other other Rtations 31st 31st December 1910

Pastors ■£3 Evangelists Established in the year Approximate population Net Net decrease Total Total number of Net Net increase Catechumens Out-Stations B re th re n S isters Re-admissions Arrivals from Children Adults Births Church-members Colporteurs

Departures O Deaths ÏÏ O 5 Excommunica

I. Mangalore • 1834 330000 6 15 16 4 1 12 1 4 27 1? 0 3377 77 6 173 4 1 129 2 170 50 0 2073 34 27 17 2. Moo Iky . 1845 120000 6 2 1 2 1 fi 0 2 15 8 8 (1 1170 19 1 68 4 5 30 0 38 0 11 027 1159 17 3. U d ip i . . 1854 126000 9 5 2 4 1 8 0 2 26 1 13 n 2129 41 4 204 2 8 86 0 187 34 0 1101 2163 24 4. K a rk a l . 1872 90000 6 1 1 0 5 0 0 10 4 6 n 445 12 0 14 3 1 14 0 21 13 0 248 4 5 8 21 5. B a sru r . 1876 160000 2 1 0 1 4 1 1 5 1 3 (1 166 0 0 34 3 2 ß 0 13 0 12 90 154 ’ 1 6. K Lasaragod . 1886 250000 7 1 1 1 7 0 n 16 5 20 0 250 3 0 52 0 0 9 0 70 24 0 155 274 0 . P u ttu r . 7 1900 220000 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 n 58 <> 1 9 0 0 3 0 12 3 0 33 6 1 1 8. M ercara 1870 85000 4 1 0 0 3 0 0 2 3 0 0 150 3 0 23 0 0 6 0 25 5 0 96 155 0 . Anandapur . 9 1856 88000 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 3 0 0 0 199 10 0 20 0 0 3 0 15 0 12 107 187 13 . H o n a v a r 10 1845 430000 5 2 0 0 1 4 1 2 7 0 7 0 96 1 1 27 2 4 4 0 27 8 0 48 104 2 Ccinara and Coorg 1899000 46 31 25 12 7 54 4 12 115 29 85 0 8040 170 13 624 18 21 290 2 578 102 40 38 8142 96

11. D h a rw a r 1837 126000 0 2 2 0 1 3 1 2 9 1 9 0 221 4 1 25 4 3 9 0 28 14 0 139 235 0 12. Hubli . . . 1839 600000 3 3 2 1 1 3 0 5 9 2 C 0 647 12 2 58 0 0 34 0 38 0 0 393 647 0 13. B e ttig e ri 1841 250000 3 2 4 1 0 5 1 2 14 2 3 2 696 24 1 134 1 6 27 2 80 0 43 343 653 3 14. Guledgudd . 1851 300000 4 2 2 1 0 5 0 2 11 8 1 0 641 18 1 42 5 5 28 1 49 27 0 336 668 1 15. B ija p u r 1855 420000 2 2 1 0 0 6 0 2 9 4 6 0 106 0 0 29 0 0 4 0 40 15 0 68 121 0 S.-Mahralla. 1696000 12 11 11 3 2 22 2 13 52 17 25 2 2311 58 5 288 10 14 j102 3 235 13 1279 2324 4

. Cannanore . 320000 4 5 10 140 76 0 942 1635 36 16 1841 6 1 0 6 3 5 9 4 7 1 1559 33 6 112 11 62 4 2 17. Tellicherry . 1839 210000 3 5 3 2 1 6 0 4 20 7 27 0 652 6 0 63 3 3 19 4 48 8 0 359 660 r 8. Chombala . 1849 300000 6 2 1 1 0 6 2 2 14 7 19 0 561 8 0 30 8 0 7 0 22 0 1 262 560 4 19. C alicu t 1842 320000 5 11 12 3 1 11 3 6 37 23 39 2 2450 54 6 177 36 7 90 2 204 102 0 1518 2552 32 20. Manjeri . 1908 360000 2 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 2 0 9 1 0 5 0 20 21 0 34 69 9 21. C odacal 1857 450000 7 4 3 1 0 7 3 2 21 7 6 1 1314 14 4 137 0 5 54 0 81 0 15 - 637 1299 9 22. Vaniyankulam . 1886 445000 4 1 1 0 1 7 2 2 8 0 7 1 241 6 9 49 3 0 13 0 37 0 4 119 237 O 23. P a lg h a t. . 1858 372000 6 5 3 1 4 3 2 14 2| 21 0 457 18 1 45 3 4 15 2 28 0 12 265 445 29 M alabar. 7457 121 2777000 37 34 30 9 3 50 16 23 123 501 126 5 7282 141 19 622 65 29 265 12 586 175 4136

40000 8 2 2 0 0 4 303 249 0 399 743 3 24. K a ity . 1846 0 2 22 3 ! 6 0 494 22 2 60 1 0 23 G 25. K a lh a tti 1907 30000 3 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 24 2 1 2 0 13 0 6 57 99 6 26. Kotagiri 1867 16000 7 1 1 0 0 3 0 2 20 1 0 0 370 10 2 50 3 3 19 0 49 12 0 205 382 1 1224 11 N ilg iris. 8C000 18 4 4 0 0 10 0 I 4 5 li 4 6 0 969 32 4 134 6 4 44 6 365 255 661 10714 19147 232 Grand Total S45S000 113 80 70 24 12 136 22 15 2 3 411100 242 7 18602 401 41 1668 99 68 701 23 1764 545| [ 10365 118602 193 Total of 1st January 1011. (6432000 112 83 70 27 1 13 |l2 9 | 22 J45 ¡324| 94|214 6 . 18404 464 58 1 1652 i 127 54 693| 27 [l471 |l9 s| Table of Schools of the Basel German Evangelical Mission in JANUARY 19 12.

^ Pup B' Pupils in Total of Pupila under instruction ¡L ¡L 9 irding ” Da; Schools Christians Non-Christians 1 1

bo C STATIONS ;s ’2 u 00 TotaL H ^ „

0 Schools a ao JS Secondary Secondary Schools Schools Schools SS j? Number Number of Schools Theological Boys’ Boys’ Training Ü3 Boys’ Boys’ Orphanages Girls’ Girls’ Orphanages Secondary and Boys Girls Boys Girls Elementary In In Sunday Schools In In Infant Schools higher higher Elementary I. M a n g a lo r e ...... 18 23 5 5 0 0 0 1349 330 302 257 864 289 1712 90 385 2. M o o lk y ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 72 551 69 81 143 433 35 692 0 0 3- U d i p i ...... 11 0 5 0 42 98 0 698 201 291 143 550 60 1044 0 195 4. K a r k a l ...... 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 374 0 29 21 249 75 374 0 50 5. Basrur-Coondapoor 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 184 0 15 9 132 28 184 0 6. Kasaragod ...... 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 63 43 30 736 180 7. P u t t u r ...... 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 926 9 Si) 0 80 J 53 0 5 4 124 20 153 0 8. M e r c a r a ...... 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 0 14 14 30 36 94 0 40 9. Anandapur (Ammatti) . 1 0 0 0 0 22 17 14 0 28 24 1 0 53 0 0 co. H onavar ...... 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 60 30 10 262 43 345 0 0 Canara and Coorg 71 23 10 5 42 120 89 4628 723 838 055 3381 7 60 5640 90 766 11. D h a r w a r ...... 5 0 7 4 44 0 0 139 210 110 23 263 8 404 0 12. H u b l i ...... 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 112 452 0 49 48 342 13 452 13. Bettigeri-G adag .... 6 0 0 0 0 70 0 30 50 447 0 3 26 43 319 29 517 0 14. Guledgudd ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 72 415 387 0 39 93 257 70 45!) 0 45. B ija p u r ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 0 9 8 417 118 552 0 0 South-Mahratta 33 0 7 4 44 70 72 1977 210 333 215 1598 238 2384 30 577 16. C a n n a n o re...... 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 17. Tellicherry ...... 547 0 126 125 226 70 547 89 447 9 21 13 2 43 0 0 579 C09 154 49 935 129 1267 23 18. Chombala (Mahe) .... 7 0 0 0 0 0 106 375 19. C a lic u t ...... 718 202 44 142 793 47 1026 0 132 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 1652 733 287 253 1506 339 io. Manjeri...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2385 26 1159 . C o d a ca l...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 8 0 0 0 0 92 0 709 0 209 95 438 59 801 35 22. Vaniyankulam ...... 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 391 0 22 19 261 391 23. P a lg h a t...... 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 0 56 557 250 65 44 633 65 , 807 0 130 M alabar 53 21 13 2 43 92 106 5153 1794 907 727 4792 - 798 7224 173 2509 •24. K a i t y ...... 15 0 0 0 15 28 0 767 22 25. K a l h a t t i ...... 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 38 692 20 832 0 40 . K o t a g i r i ...... 241 0 6 4 220 11 241 0 91 26 11 0 0 0 0 0 23 444 0 56 46 358 7 467 0 70 N ilg iris 31 0 0 0 15 28 23 3452 22 144 88 1270 38 1540 0 201

Grand Total... 188 44 3° 11 144 310 290 13210 2749 2222 1685 11041 1840 16788 293 4053 1 Abstract showing the Contributions o f the Churches towards their Expenses, the Mission, and the Poor i n 19 11.

Collections Special Collections Sunday Collections Regular and Special Collections Special and Collections and Collections Collections Church- Donations Contribu­ for the for Bible Donations towards Donations for local Total Stations Contribu- towards the tions for Malabar for other Churcb- towards the Societies purposes tions Mission- Orphanages Widow- purposes Expenses Poor-funds work fund Rs. As. P. Us. As. P. Ks As P. Hs. As P. lis. As. P. Rs. As. Kb. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. I p. P- __ — __ 340 14 1 15 8 0 ¡S411 14 4 M angalore...... 1513 13 7 724 10 3 352 0 0 395 10 5- 35 0 0 34 6 0 ______149 3 1 — — — 902 2 7 290 0 ] 36 4 0 83 2 1 92 9 5 131 (Ì 0 20 0 0 M o o lk y ...... 0 8 14 4 1 __ _ __ 13 14 7 170 13 3 11 4 8 1482 4 Udipi-M alpe . . . 612 11 3 261 7 1 177 11 10 220 1 11 2 __ __ _ 8 0 61 G 6 ——— 310 10 K a r k a l...... 125 o 0 46 9 10 28 0 0 38 1 10’ 6 0 0 5 __ _ _ _ 29 2 6 — — — 226 14 8 Basrur-Coondapur . 99 0 8 44 11 9 15 11 5 20 11 4 17 9 0 __ __ _ ——— — —— 30 G 8 0 KLasaragod .... 160 0 0 64 3 6 55 0 4 60 6 5 12 0 0 14 13 9 __ __ _ 103 14 0 P u t t u r ...... 47 5 4 21 14 10 7 5 4 10 5 0 6 R 0 10 8 0 __ __ _ 0 202 11 0 M ercara...... 68 8 0 50 8 3 45 1 9 22 9 0 6 0 0 10 0 _ _ _ 23 2 7 — —— 184 14 9 Anandapur .... 47 8 0 51 1 11 29 14 5 21 3 10 6 0 0 6 0 0 31 13 0 140 1 3 Honavar-Karwar . . 45 11 0 15 10 0 23 4 9 10 12 6 2 8 0 — — — 16 6 0 — —— 4 806 7 0 2 G 12 8 7337 15 11 Canara <£' Coorg 3009 9 10 1417 1 5| 817 3 11; 892 7 8 219 4 1 — — — 149 1

0 199 13 0 D h a r w a r ...... 72 12 9 53 9 9 14 2 2 31 4 4 16 0 0 12 0 __. __ _ 0 20 0 0 ——— 655 0 4 H ubli ...... 233 11 10 159 13 0 99 7 11 111 10 5- 6 5 ?, 24 0 __ __ _ —————— 708 15 8 Bettigeri-Gadag . . 215 5 10 172 5 0 78 15 9 85 15 10 194 13 0 21 8 3 ______——— 14 0 0 386 It) 0 117 10 10 67 10 6 42 12 1 39 4 7 80 10 0 24 15 0 Guledgudd .... 153 4 4 B ija p u r...... 61 11 9 54 10 7 9 5 3 19 8 » — — — — 8 0 0 —— — — — — —— — 7 20 0 0 0 2164 0 4 South-Mahratla 701 5 0 508 0 10 244 11 2 287 11 11 297 12 2 90 3 » 14 1 — — 2011 8 7 Cannanore .... 1035 12 10 295 15 5 217 14 9 166 15 2' 15 0 0 15 0 0 46 0 4 216 _ _— 0 0 15 11 0 842 11 0 Tellicherry-Nettur . 429 3 11 92 6 3 121 12 8 126 0- 0- 10 5 8 7 4 0 40 14 3 32 2 6 707 13 10 Chombala-Mahe . . 238 3 11 59 6 0 50 5 6 210 13 8 10 0 0 15 0 0 30 0 0 61 0 0 175 0 0 3346 2 0 C a lic u t...... 1605 2 0 279 0 0 106 0 0 715 0 0 20 0 0 35 0 Í) 25 0 0 3 SC _ — _ — _ 0 0 — —— 323 12 10 M anjeri...... 62 5 11 57 1 9 54 5 2 ——— 150 — ———— — 919 0 C odacal...... 560 11 0 106 13 10 99 11 1 115 7 & 10 0 0 9 0 0 17 11 0 4 9 —— — 337 lb 11 Vaniyankulam . . 126 9 0 42 12 5 73 0 8 48 4 1 0 0 0 3 1?: 0 15 5 0 26 10 5 5 0 0 1094 1 0 P a lg h a t...... 389 5 4 57 2 0 43 13 1 133 4 8 7 0 0 12 0 0 13 13 6 432 11 6 227 13 6 9583 i 8 1 Malabar 4447 5 11 990 9 8 766 14 11 1517 13 1 74 5 8 97 0 0 147 13 10 1313 0 10

I 1 II 11 657 12 O 6 1 11 3 0 322 8 9 K a i t y ...... 209 10 0 57 8 3 5 9 31 9 12 2 0 15 0 0 40 9 0 23 15 0 248 K a l h a t t i ...... 79 1 0 34 12 0 23 4 0 21 3 O 10 6 0 - 10 12 0 383 13 1 10 0 0 903 » K o t a g ir i ...... 224 10 9 71 14 2 88 2 7 75 4 1 23 1 2 26 — — 746 14 10 33 15 0 1808 14 8 Nilgiris 513 5 9 164 2 5 123 12 4 128 0 1' 45 13 3 - 52 15 0

4 302 2 |20894 7 14 4 1952 10 4 2826 0 9 3 2 97 0 440 5 ¡2887 1 9 1 ° Grand Total... 8671 10 6 3079 637 I 0 1 ^ 1 2400 13 1 690 9 7 19332 12 In 1910 7514 11 0 2944 8 4 2150 5 4 2484 O 10 694 8 9 115 I10 10 337 8 1 6 1 3 '------3* Mercantile and Industrial Establishments of the Basel Mission.

Xlniployeea Members Esta-Tolisls.ïra.ereï.ts Sta,tioi3.s of the Out­ Basel siders Total Mission

Mercantile Mission-Branch Mangalore, s. c a n . 1 4 1 4

r> v v Calicut, MALABAR —— n 5) r Mercara, coorg 5 1 6 Mechanical Establishment Mangalore, s. c a n . 6 6 6 7 2 WeaTing Est. with Tailoring Department Calicut, MALABAR 5 8 4 4 4 6 2 8 „ „ Branch Codacal, „ 3 5 3 5 „ „ witli Tailoring Department Cannanore, „ 5 3 2 2 5 3 4 „ Branch Chombala, „ 7 6 7 6 55 35 53 Tellicherry, ,, 8 6 8 6 Weaving Establishment Mangalore, s. c a n . 1 5 9 1 5 9 „ „ Branch Moolky, „ 1 8 1 8 Tile Works .... Mang.-Jeppu, „ 2 5 4 1 0 1 3 5 5 55 .... 55 Kudroli, „ 2 3 3 1 6 0 3 9 3 55 ' Malpe, „ 1 0 4 18 1 2 2 55 .... Calicut, MALABAR 1 3 7 9 5 2 3 2 55 .... Ferok, „ 4 9 2 2 5 2 7 4 .... Codacal, „ 2 4 1 3 4 2 7 5 53 .... Palghat, „ 1 3 2 1 3 4 2 6 6

TOTAL 2725 820 3545 OBITUARY

Mrs. Anne Liithy, the wife of the Rev. E. LOthy, fell asleep in the Lord at Bijapur on the 21st May 1911. Mrs. Liithy was born in 1880 at Benken near Basel, Switzerland, being the eldest child of the Rev. M. Dettwyler, the pastor of the place. She was educated in the Girls’ High School at Basel and derived great advantage from instruction in Natural Science as the lecturer not only drew attention to the wonders of creation, but directed his students to the Creator Himself. In 1902 she was married to Rev. E. Liithy, then stationed at Guled- gudd. She zealously devoted herself to the study of the Kanarese language and soon proved herself to be an excellent helpmate to her husband in Mission work. She devoted herself to school work at Guledgudd, visited the people in their homes, and many came to her for help and advice. In 1908 she and her husband and 2 children went to Europe to recruit their health. The furlough was spent chiefly in Mrs. Liithy’s old home. When they returned to India they had to leave their eldest boy behind, who, how­ ever, was tenderly taken care of by his grand-parents. Their destina­ tion was Bijapur, where plenty of work awaited them. A year ago Mrs. Liithy had a serious attack of dysentery which gave a violent shock to her otherwise healthy constitution. Since that illness she often complained of fatigue. In her last letter to her parents, dated 20th April 1911, she wrote: “One may have many a disappointment and may sometimes lose courage, yet it depends upon ourselves in all situations in life to find out joy, the key-note of creation. I believe that only those people are really happy who are able to do this, and thereby, so to speak, frame their own destiny. They will consider ‘small things small and great things great’. I should like to belong to those who have overcome the world and who have made a world for themselves. But it is necessary always to overcome oneself and this is difficult when one is so tired”. Now she has entered into her rest at an early stage of her earthly life, and there is not now, in the words of her father, “any heat that could make her tired” But who will now tell stories to her boys as she was wont to do? To them as well as to her bereaved husband and parents the loss and affliction caused by her untimely death is very great, indeed. May the Lord be their comforter! “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the Lord.” 22

Rarely did the death of a worker cause such heartfelt and universal mourning as the sudden death of one of our medical missionaries, Dr. M. Schneiter, who departed this life on the 22nd of June 1911 at Bettigeri, South Mahratta. Always ready as he was to obey instantly every call for medical aid, Dr. Schneiter was summoned to attend two persons who had been attacked by cholera, and who lived in a distant place. Having returned home he fell ill and soon developed signs of being infected with the same disease. He would not at first consent to summon a physician to attend upon him, but yielded in this matter to the wishes of Mrs. Schneiter and others. It soon became evident, however, that in his case human aid was of no avail, and he made up his mind to dispense altogether with medicines and throw himself entirely upon the mercy of God resigning himself wholly to His will. And when the call came, he was prepared and glad to enter into the joy of his Lord. Dr M. Schneiter was born on the 6th of April 1883 in Switzerland. Along with 6 brothers and sisters he passed a happy childhood. A godly and faithful pastor did much to awaken and cultivate his spiritual life. For a long time he was undecided as regards his vocation in life. Finally, he entered upon the study of medicine, chiefly because in the medical profession he hoped best to serve his fellow-men. His resolve to serve in the Mission field took place with characteristic suddenness. He had been converted in August 1906 when, as he himself says, “a sleepless night brought the light to him,” and his studies came to a close at the end of the year 1906. On the 7th of January 1907 he attended a lecture on Medical Missions, and at once felt that God had called him for this work; and shortly afterwards he offered to serve as a medical missionary in the Basel Mission. In December 1908 our brother with his young wife arrived at Calicut, where he took charge of the extensive work of the Medical Mission. During the years he worked at Calicut he treated thousands of patients with great sympathy and self-abnegation, faithfully and intelligently assisted at all times by his wife and other European and Indian assistants. But in spite of his immense burden of work, his first care was always the spiritual salvation of those under his treatment. In this respect he set a shining example to all around him. 16 baptised lepers and 3 baptisms at the hospital represent the visible harvest of his spiritual work at Calicut. Even outside the hospital he always found time to work for the spiritual and moral uplifting of the people, especially by means of religious addresses, and lectures on temperance. Though he was sorry to leave Calicut he entered upon his new duties at Bettigeri with his characteristic zeal, putting heart and soul into his work. Hardly did he guess for what a short period it was to be! When, 472 years before his death, the deceased offered himself for Mission service, he sent to the Mission Commitee a brief account of his life concluding with the following words: — “O Lord, Thou hast not rejected me, a great sinner! O faithful Saviour, Thou hast taken upon 23

Thyself my guilt! I thank Thee and will give Thee my life. Do with me as Thou wilt!” Now the Lord has accepted the sacrifice joyfully offered. Our deceased brother was ready both to live and to die for the Lord. In life his only desire was to serve. And serve he did. But he was as ready to glorify his Lord through death. Both in life and death he -desired to glorify Him who through His blood had accepted him for His own. Rev. R. Bosshardt, late of Codacal, passed away quite suddenly on the 14th September 1911, at Zofingen (Switzerland), the cause of his death being heart-failure. Returning from a Bible meeting, which he had conducted, without showing any signs of the precarious state of his health, he suddenly fell down on the roadside from a stroke of heart apoplexy, and after a few moments expired in the arms of a Christian brother. It was not granted to his family to exchange with him a single word of farewell. The deceased was born at Kempten near Zurich (Switzerland). The Christian spirit that prevailed in the house of his parents kept him from the evil ways to which other young men of his own age were addicted. The idea of becoming a missionary was awakened in him by Mr. A l t i n g e r (who worked for some time as a missionary in Malabar and is probably still remembered by some of our older Christians). One day Mr. Altinger, who was a guest in the house of the Bosshardts, put his hand on the youth’s head and said: “ This boy will become a missionary after the Lord will have impressed his seal on his forehead.” The boy never forgot these words, and from that time forward felt Interested in Mission work, and began to read the reports contained in missionary newspapers. In his parental house Christian meetings had regularly been held for half a century. As these meetings were often enlivened by the presence of the representative of the Moravian Mission, who was stationed in a place close by, Mr. Bosshardt first thought of entering the Moravian Mission, but for several reasons finally decided for the Basel Mission. Passing over his years of education and training for Mission work, we find him, in 1888, working as a missionary at Vaniyankulam (Malabar). After some time he was stationed at Codacal (Malabar), where, henceforth his field of labour was to be until the year 1907, this period being interrupted by a furlough to Europe. During these long years of labour among Hindus and Christians, the latter being largely drawn from the lower strata of society, he was faithfully supported by his wife, who with much devotion and exemplary patience applied herself to work amongst the girls and women. During Mr. Bosshardt’s stay at Codacal, a Tile Factory was founded in the place with the object of providing means of subsistence to the poor Christians and applicants for baptism. He also witnessed, to some extent, the spread of the evangelical movement among the Roman and Jacobite Syrians, a small number of whom living within the southern borders of Mr. Bosshardt’s field joined the Basel Mission. 24

Mr. Bosshardt’s readiness to serve his fellow-men was displayed especially during the times when smallpox and cholera were rife in his station. Even at ordinary times many claims were made upon his bene­ volence and charity by the poor Christians. But in a patient and cheerful spirit he managed to comply with their requests and assist them in their needs. Mr. Bosshardt was compelled to return to Switzerland in 1907 owing to heart disease. He spent 4 more years there in evangelistic and deputation work on behalf of the Mission. Sad as his unexpected departure from this life is, the Lord has meant well with him in saving him the agonies of a painful death-bed and giving him the privilege of being called to his eternal rest in the midst of his labours. His Indian and European co-workers and many of the Christians at Codacal will, we are sure, keep the deceased brother in loving and grateful memory. Rev. C. G. Eblen, who had been working as a missionary in South Canara until 1908, was called to his eternal rest in the beginning of the present year. He worked-in India for 32 years, from 1876 to 1908. He was first stationed at Anandapur, a small Christian village that had been founded by Dr. H M o g lin g and his spiritual son, Mr. H. A. K a u n d in y a , in the hilly Coorg district. Under the guidance of Mr. Kaundinya he studied the Kanarese language and made himself acquainted with the peculiar difficulties and aims of evangelization in India. At the close of 1880 he was transferred to the coast district of South Canara. During the following 29 years, which were interrupted twice by furlough to Europe, he worked at the following stations: Moolky 1881—1888, Udipi 1889—1891, Honavar 1891—1895, Udipi 1895—1901, and Puttur 1903—1908. In consequence of his transfer to the coast he was obliged to learn a new language, Tulu, in which he succeeded well, as he made use of every opportunity for enriching his stock of words and ex­ pressions. His special gifts lay in the field of evangelization. He w as well able to engage in conversation with Brahmins not less than people of the lowest castes. Having command of the popular idiom and mode of speech, he was able to present the truth of the Gospel even to the most uneducated man in a manner that suited the latter’s simple and unsophisticated ways. One of his co-workers says: “. . .H e really understood and loved the people and their language. In his sermons also he knew how to impress his hearers powerfully and direct them to Christ, the crucified and risen Lord. He expected much of his con­ gregation and expected the catechists and teachers to be true Christian characters. He was well acquainted with their wants and needs and made great sacrifices for the work. He was also much concerned with the Christian training of the younger generation, etc.” His missionary career was marked by much tribulation and suffering. Several of his children rest in their Indian graves. The sad experiences he had, with regard to insincere elements in the congregations, used to press heavily upon his mind. After a stay in India of 32 years, he returned home in 1909 with broken 25 strength. Having settled down at Korntal, Württemberg, he endeavoured until the last days of his life to work on behalf of the Mission. His last working day was the 6th January of the present year. On that day he held two Mission services in his native place, and in addition attended a religious meeting in the evening. The following night he fell seriously ill from pleuritis and weakness of the heart. On the last day of his life after receiving a visit from a friend, he expressed a desire to rest a little. A quarter of an hour later when his wife looked at him, she found him in the same position in which she had left him, but to her painful surprise his spirit had departed. Failure of the heart had brought about the end quickly and painlessly. When we look back upon his life, we cannot but praise the grace of God who elected and prepared the deceased brother for Mission work, and sustained him through much suffering to carry on his work faith­ fully during a period of nearly 32 years. He blessed him in manifold ways and has finally brought him to the goal of his longing. Rev. F. Veil, who worked in the Coorg country from 1872 till 1886, fell asleep in Christ on the 28th of June. Mr. Veil came to India in 1872. His first station was Anandapoor, where several families were received into the Church. In 1876, he was transferred to Mercara. While Mrs. Veil gathered around herself young girls to instruct them in Biblical history, English, needlework, and other useful subjects, Mr. Veil went forth to preach the gospel to the noble Coorgs as well as to the poor coolies working in the estates. Few, however, accepted the message. But Mr. Veil made some good friends among the Coorgs, who actively supported him in his efforts; and a Brahmin, of Mysore descent, received baptism. In 1886, his failing health compelled him to return with his family to Germany. Being unable to go out again to India, he devoted himself with his customary faithfulness and thoroughness to deputation work on behalf of the Mission for 22 years, /. e., until the Lord over life and death called him away from his labours. The words of our Lord: “We must work, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work,” may be said to have been the key-note of the life of this faithful worker. Another worker, Rev. R. Hartmann, who stayed in India from 1859 to 1894, thus spending 35 years in the Mission field, has passed to his eternal rest. The departed brother worked in the Tulu country. He had a wonder­ ful command of the Tulu language and translated the New Testament into that idiom. He witnessed the spiritual movement taking place in 1869 and 1870 at Udipi, his first station. In 1871, he founded a new station at Karkal, which place, with short interruptions, remained his field of labour until 1894, when he left India for good. Mr. Hartmann was a strenuous worker and was at the same time most anxious not to burden the funds of the Mission. While carrying out the building of the new station at Karkal, he lived with his wife and four children for over a year in a tent of the simplest description pitched 4 26 under a tree, which had been dedicated by the people to the bhutas. His maxim w as: “Do something for God and God will work for you.” Accordingly he toiled on with never-failing hope and love, placing his trust in God. God’s work among the heathen was his chief concern, even during the last months of his life, when a gradual decline of his mental powers obscured his memory so that he could not remember his absent children. “However,” says one of his children, “he prepared at last to go home to his God, who, he knew, would yet spread His Kingdom far beyond all that human effort could achieve or human thought conceive.” We regretfully record the death of several Indian workers, viz., Mr. Paul Mada, of the Kaity Church ; Mr. Isaiah Konga, itinerating catechist at Kaity; Rev. Samuel Andrews, late pastor of the Balmatha congregation; Mr. Samuel Aiman, late assistant to the Secular Agent at Mangalore; and Mr. Jacob Bhaskar, an elder of the Balmatha congregation; as well as of other members of the congregation, some of whom are referred to under “Industrial Work”. Obituary remarks on the above-mentioned deceased brethren will be found below under other headings. INTRODUCTION

fffhe year under review will be earmarked in the history of India by reason of the visit of Their Imperial Majesties George V. and Mary to their Indian Empire. The coronation at Delhi is an event unparallelled in history, and its significance cannot be realized in all its aspects; and it will be left to the future historian to expatiate on the incalculable advantages that India would have derived from the royal visit. But undoubtedly a new era has opened in the The Delhi history of India on the day on which the Durbar. Emperor and Empress sat crowned in royal splendour and received the homage of the Indian people on Indian soil—an era of peace, progress, and prosperity. We can with confidence assert that among His Majesty’s subjects no class is more loyal than the Indian Christ­ ians; and the occasion of the coronation was to them a special time of thanksgiving and rejoicing. It is not too much to say that no one but a Christian monarch would have been able to cause the many heterogeneous races of this vast empire to unite in hearty loyalty to their common sovereign; and his visit to India may thus be regarded as a happy augury symbolic of the coming of the Prince of Peace to this land, for which consummation we all wait and labour. Among the coronation boons the most remarkable is the annual recurring grant of fifty lakhs of rupees for education. There can be no doubt that this grant will have far-reaching consequences, and will operate as a great stimulus in the cause of education and civilization. A perusal of the report will suggest many a problem to be solved in the future. There is, for instance, the problem of the independence of the Indian Churches. Protestant Missions have been working in India for over 2 centuries, and have established Churches far and wide. But the Churches that are self-supporting and self-governing are few and far between. St. Paul, in his

4* 28 missionary journeys, founded Churches here and there which developed in an incredibly short time into self-supporting and self-governing Churches, and became centres The problem for the propagation of the gospel. Why are of self- the Indian Churches so deficient? This is a government. question to which many an answer might be given. But whatever the causes of deficiency, the time has come when the Churches should be left to manage to a large extent their own affairs. Our friends will be glad to learn that the Home Committee of the Basel Mission, acting on the advice of the General Conference of missionaries, has now vested a large measure of self-government in the Churches. Connected with the above is the question of the training and education of Indian pastors. Obviously this question is of supreme importance, for unless pastors of The training a high mental and moral calibre are provided of workers. for the Indian Churches, self-government will be more harmful than otherwise. The training of an efficient staff of workers must, therefore, be regarded as the foremost duty of the European missionary, and it should always receive his first and constant attention. As regards the question of education, it is apparent that there are at present certain factors at work which must seriously affect Mission schools: one of these is the Factors opposition to Mission schools which is becoming affecting more steady and systematic by the establish- Mission ment of Hindu schools; and the second is the schools. intention of Government to establish model schools. There is a great call for the Mission­ ary Societies to make their work solid and effective. In spite of shortcomings, the year under review has been one of progress and blessing. By the grace of God the reve­ lation of the mystery, according to the commandment of our Lord, has been made known unto the people. Some have planted, and others have watered, and God hath given the in­ crease. To Him be glory botli now and for ever. Amen! - I. EVANGELISTIC WORK We begin our review this year by presenting a few glimpses of the work on The Nilgiris. Evangelistic work on the Nilgiris is carried on parti}’ among the hill-tribes, viz., Badagas, Todas, etc., and partly among the estate coolies, mostly Tamil, the majority of whom have come up from the plains. Mr. S c h a d of Kotagiri has done a good deal of itinerating work among both these classes of people. Regarding his work amongst the Badagas, he writes: “The Badagas who have be­ come well acquainted with us and our message, have now come to regard us as their friends. How many familiar faces did I not come across again during the past year! The only pity of it is that these faces still reflect the fear of evil spirits by continuing to bear horrible idol marks. There is, e. g., old Madha Pasari at Konhalli with his white beard and forehead besmeared with holy ashes, to whom I often spoke on the one thing needful. On such occasions he used to smile and become embarrassed like a child which has something on his conscience. I used to ask him whether he would not turn away from the life of sin having already one foot in the grave, and say that perhaps this might be the last time that I was to meet him here on earth. His only reply was: ‘How can I come over to you, what would my relatives say if I did so?’ And thus he and others, without yielding to the claims of the truth, go to eternity after a life spent as slaves of sin and devoid of real joy and happiness. Another old acquaintance is an honourable Badaga — a maistry in an Old ac- estate, who looked forward to my visits. On quaintances. my arrival he and his family used to assemble together, and before long, we were all to be found engaged in serious conversation. He used to fetch his Bible and frankly declare that his religion must soon give way to ours. He knows the benefits of the Christian religion and desires to join us with his whole family. But when will he make up his mind? 30

“At Kil-Kotagiri, where we preached to Kotas, a woman passionately exclaimed: ‘Indeed! is our Kambettarajan no god then? For us, at any rate, he is a god. Do we not believe in him from our childhood?’ She admitted that Kambettarajan had not benefited them in the least, but still continued: ‘In whom then shall we believe? The Mankali says: If you do not serve me, I shall inflict upon your homes all kinds of evils and I shall not give you children. You say to us: If you do not believe in Jesu Swami, you will not go to heaven. Now what is the truth, and which is the right way to choose?’” However, Mr. Schad’s efforts among the hill-tribes, apart from those fruits of his labours, which cannot be calculated in figures, had at least this result that one A new more school was established in a village called school. Bergani. This school consists of two branches: a day school for the children, and a night school for the grown-up people who are out working during the day. In preaching the gospel among the estate coolies Mr. Schad several times met with a friendly maistry who evidently is sincerely interested in, and affords all possible aid towards, the preaching of the gospel. When acting as an interpreter he does not merely translate, but of his own accord sometimes adds an item, for instance, that Christ rose on the third day. After the missionary’s sermon is over, he himself exhorts the audience to give up their idols and believe in Jesus. It was this same man that asked the catechist some years ago to write a short prayer for him in his note-book, which the cate­ chist gladly did {Of., Report for 1909, p. 31). Prayers by Mr. Schad subsequently discovered that the a “heathen”, man had not only transferred that prayer to a new note-book, but had even added several other prayers composed by himself. Some of these prayers are:— (1) “0 God, let me live in peace with my master. Guard his property, and let him be always pleased with me. Open, O God, Thy mouth and order thus. I ask thee for Jesus sake. Amen.” 31

(2) “0 God, deliver me in this world from the devil’s hand. O Lord, my God, deliver me from all mjT debts. Oh my Lord, who hast made me, let me through Thy goodness fully know that there is no God except one! 0 Lord, forgive me my sins and show the right way to me, Thy child. 0 God, I exalt Thee to-day and pray Thee to do what I have asked. 0 Lord, Jesu, Amen!” (8) “0 Lord, I desire to exalt Thee. 0 Lord, keep me and be gracious unto my children. 0 God, let me and all others know that besides Thee there is no other God. 0 Lord, turn my mind that I may know Thee. Thou hast sent me many afflictions in this life. Be gracious, 0 God, and forgive my sins. Grant that I and all poor sinners may enjoy the bounty of the Lord Jesus. 0 God, keep me by day and by night. In the night guard me under Thy wings, Lord Jesus!” In such child-like prayers, in which a certain spiritual progress is clearly discernible, this heathen man poured out his heart before the one God of heaven and earth. When he was asked by Mr. Schad, why he had not yet become a Christian, he replied that he and all his house wished to come over to us, but the time had not yet arrived. It is a great pity that such a man does not take the final step! On the other hand, it is encouraging to see how Christ is adored by a heathen, who is but rarely under Christian influence, and who through the mist of old superstitions perceives the rays of the sun of righteous­ ness, and longs for His purifying light. This reminds us once again of the old saying that the soul of man is by nature Christian. In the Kaity district the itinerating work has been carried on by Mr. V o lz . In his tour to the Kunda Hills he was accompanied by Mrs. Volz who has written an interesting report of the tour, from which we quote the following Tour to the passage: “The women, who had not seen a Kunda Hills. white woman for many a year, and who will not usually stand by when the gospel is preached, now turned up in great numbers. Far and wide the news had spread that this time the missionary had brought his wife with him. The women put a great many questions to me on trivial matters, but I tried to satisfy their curiosity 32 hoping that thereby I could gradually divert their minds to more serious topics. They cannot conceive that the words of the gospel are intended for them also, and that we expect them to attend to our preaching. They say that they are stupid and ignorant, and seem quite content to be so. In order to attract their attention, oux catechists sang, between the several speeches, suitable hymns with Indian tunes to the accompaniment of the violin which was played by blind Adolph, whom we had brought along with us from Kaity. The men as well as the women apparently liked the music. Our coming evidently is a break in their monotonous life: for their days pass one like the other with field work and the tending of their herds of cows. Apart from these matters they have no interests or pleasures and are indifferent even towards their own sufferings. Oh! that we could inspire them with a lively desire for the Word of God and concern for the salvation of their souls! ” After Mr. and Mrs. Volz and the catechists had left this village for another, they were invited to return to the former village. They gladly did so and found an audience of at least 80 persons assembled. “It was a pleasure to see these people so attentive and to hear them put questions which were ■different to the usual one: ‘Will you pay our debts if we be­ come Christians?’ The village referred to is comparatively large and is regarded as a religious centre. It possesses a fairly big temple, the only one of this size on the hills. We were not allowed to enter it; and to my query who it was that dwelt in it, the people replied that the inside was empty as the god did not dwell in the temple, but somewhere in the forest. In some villages, however, even music could not draw the people out of their houses, and as we were not allowed to enter the houses, we were not able to do much; but wherever we met with a friendly reception, we tried to persuade the people to accept Christ. We were thus enabled to scatter the good seed in about 25 villages and hamlets. May it through God’s grace ripen into fruit! ” Mr. W ie la n d of Kalhatti has been most diligently engaged in itinerating both on the Nilgiris and in the Wynaad. He refers in his report to an old Badaga who, on one occasion, i v v t 33 , . . d a y missions) declared before a larg$ assembly that l^e was prepared to answer / any question the missionary might jh^hinjr- ^ ijeg&rd^ the contents of the Bible. In order to test hrnrr^Mr pnt. him several questions on the Old Testament, all of which he answered correctly. On inquiry Mr. Wieland learnt that this Badaga had been employed as a teacher by our first Nilgiri ’missionaries. As no Christian teacher, or for that matter, no «Christians at all existed at the time, he taught the Bible also. ■“Whenever we met the man,” says Mr. Wieland, “we tried to impress upon him the necessity of seeking salvation in Christ, but his answer invariably was: ‘For me there is no salvation. I have denied the Lord like Peter and betrayed him like Judas; therefore, I must share the fate of Judas’. But these words were not the cry of the sinner: ‘O wretched man that I am !’ — and I am afraid he passes such a verdict on himself rather lightly, as if saying to a creditor: ‘I have no money or property whatever, if you like you may have me put in prison, where, however, you will have to maintain me’. In confirmation of his words he quoted Matthew 12, 32, took up his New Testament, -opened it and began to read: ‘And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him; but whosoever shall speak against the Holy Spirit, etc.’ In what way he, being a heathen, had sinned against the Holy Spirit lie did not state”. When he was about to die he gathered his children around Mm and said to them: ‘Children, I am about to go the way of all flesh. I have often told you that there is only one God; but no one knows anything definite about "If they hear death and the beyond. I am now going to not Moses that unknown country and I shall see every- and the thing with my own eyes. Be sure, I shall prophets.” not leave you in the dark about these things, namely, whether there is a heaven and a hell, whether the missionary’s words are true or not; but I shall let you know by vision or by dream. Wait, therefore, for my message’. Thus the old man closed his eyes upon this world. ^Some time ago,” Mr. Wieland continues, “I met the eldest son of the deceased who was dangerously ill. • He had been attending an idol festival and had sacrificed a hen, a cocoanut, 34

and three annas to Mariamma, the goddess of small-pox, and had contracted fever. I pointed out his sin to him reminding him that he had often heard his father saj7 that there was only one God; I also proved to him how badly the goddess had rewarded him for his sacrifice. I found him quite impression­ able and alive to the necessity of being saved by Jesus. But he said that he must still wait for the vision of his father who had promised to send him a message from the other world. I told him the story of the rich man and poor Lazarus, advising him not to wait for the fulfilment of his father’s words, as his father was not better able than the rich man in the gospel to send a message from the other world. But he insisted that he must wait for it. “After a short time his younger brother informed me that he had died without having had the expected dream or vision. I seized this opportunity to speak earnestly to the young man,, and he assured me that he was resolved to become a Christian,, and he fixed November next as the time to carry out his purpose. May the Lord give him strength to redeem his promise! ”

Malabar. Some 22 miles south-east of Palghat, in a place called Vadakancherry, there lives a low caste tribe called the Kavaras consisting of about 50 families. They are serfs to the Acchans, the landlords of the district, who are held in great reverence by the people, and regarded more or less as; Promising rajahs. They earn a meagre living by basket work among and rope making as well as by selling fire- a neglected wood which they gather in the jungle. Mr. people. P e t e r , the missionary of the district, interested himself in this hitherto neglected people and whenever he visited them, he found among them willing and grateful hearers. They became quite attached to the mission­ ary, who instructed the catechists to work among them and to prevail upon them to consent to have their children educated: for hitherto no Kavara in Malabar could be induced to have his children given any education at all. One of the catechists. 35

applied himself to the task in question in a special manner, and he soon succeeded in gaining the confidence of these people. Ere long, there sat at his feet a group of about 10 or 12 children whom he not only instructed in the rudiments of reading, writing, and arithmetic, but whose morals, manners, and general appearance he succeeded in improving. The children who had hitherto presented a dirty and unwashed appearance, now look pretty and neat, dressed in clean clothes, with their faces washed and hair combed. What is more, these children, who were accustomed from their infancy to drink toddy, no longer touch the intoxicating beverage, since they have been taught that it is a poison which affects their- well­ being. The children have made up their minds not only to learn what is good, but also to practise it. And often a change wrought in children will not fail to affect older people! The latter soon took a lively interest in the studies of their young­ sters and in the prosperity of the new school. Mr. Peter obtained a piece of land from the Acchan for the purposes of the Kavara Mission school; and he succeeded in persuading the Kavaras to build on this site a shed, which is being used since July 1 9 1 1 . Catechist S a m u e l now instructs 2 5 children of both sexes. They have already commenced reading Bible stories; and this is, indeed, an achievement for such a short time: for it must be remembered that these children belong to a caste none of whose members dreamt even a year ago of anything like education for their young ones. It is the first and hitherto the only Kavara school in Malabar. Although schools in India are nominally independent of caste considera­ tions, yet the Kavaras are considered so low that their children would hardly be allowed to sit on the same bench with the children of higher castes. A certain man remarked on one occasion to Mr. Peter that he had several times felt dissatisfied with worshipping idols, and had intended to give it up altogether' but on the advice of a friend he had tried one more idol, only to find his dissatisfaction more complete. “Now,” he said, “I am ready to become a Christian. I am old and have to expect nothing- more from this present life. I believe that there is no God except Jesus Christ and henceforth I shall try to be good, so

5* 36 that when I die He may receive me.” Mr. Peter spoke to him about Christ’s atonement and free grace which alone we need accept through faith. The old man listened very atten­ tively and then said: “Yes, I believe it. I have heard much of your teaching and always thought it to be true. Now I have made up my mind to become a Christian.” Upon this, the missionary called for water that he may baptise him then and there. The old man, desiring to arrest this unexpected procedure on the part of the missionary, said: “Stop, we have not yet arrived at that stage. Why should it be done just now? You usually baptise only in the church. Next Sunday I shall come and receive baptism in the church, which is the appropriate place for such a ceremony. At this stage a Christian, who was with Mr. Peter, began to relate the story of his own conversion and baptism, which showed that he also had been baptised at his own house, and not in the church, and that with him also these things came to pass “Constrain suddenly. “He that believeth and is baptised” them was Christ’s command, and no postponement to come in.” whatever was therefore necessary. Upon this the old man felt rather uneasy and perplexed. Wiping his clammy face, he said: “Why should it be done just now? You cannot compel me, it must be of my free choice, but if you insist that it should be done just now”— “Yes,” was the reply, “just now, because none of us knows whether he will live to-morrow. It might be too late then”. “Yes, this is quite true,” he admitted, “but it is now as difficult to accomplish this as in the other case, where a son said to his father: ‘Father, I want to marry’. His father replied: ‘All right, when shall it be?’ 'Just now,’ rejoined the son. But it could not be done at once, for a marriage requires much preparation, and the father, even if he would, could not comply with his son’s request. Such cases there are and will be in human life and so it is now with me. I must put off my intention, but certainly I am not giving it up. I must first speak to my children and tell them that I am going to be a Christian: for if they should curse me, I cannot get rid of my sins.” In spite of a certain, humour attaching to the situation, it was serious enough, and the visitors did not leave 37

the man without warning him that if he continued to postpone accepting Christ, it might one day be too late and he might be lost for ever. But there was some compensation in store for the missionary: for when he reached his quarters, he found waiting for him a certain palm cultivator who had come from a distance of 6 miles, with the purpose of receiving instruction as he desired to become a Christian. He told Mr. Peter that he had had this intention for years, but had several times put off carrying it into effect on account of his family. But lately when he was at deaths’ door owing to a dangerous fever, he resolved that if God should spare his life, his first concern would be the salvation of his soul. Mr. Luke Napalli, our evangelist at Vaniyankulam, has supplied us with some interesting items from his varied work among the different castes in the Walluvanad Taluq. He did not simply pass by the illams of the Nambudiris, the Malabar Brahmins and religious teachers of the country. Mr. Luke makes the following remarks with regard to his efforts to influence the members of this community. Attitude of “Nambudiris who possess, so to speak, a first Malabar hand knowledge of religion, naturally resent Brahmins. being instructed by us. Still, in some of their houses we were able to preach the gospel without meeting with much opposition. Although they were not inclined to accept the gospel, they allowed us to speak to them, and some of them even desired to know more about it. The following statement of a Nambudiri with whom Mr. Luke had an interview, throws some light upon the psychology of their religious attitude: “Whether our religious views and customs be right or wrong, we cannot possibly abandon them. Destiny having placed us in this caste and system, we have learnt and practised from childhood the precepts enjoined by our religion, and they are inseparably bound up with our lives. We have no desire to study a new religion and mode of living, nor can we accept them even if wre wished. You say that there is much in our shastras which is wrong; it may be so; our knowledge is too meagre to enable us to discriminate between what is false and what is true in the shastras. We, therefore, obey our fathers, and the shastras and laws which we have 8 8 received from our great Gurus, believing that if we faithfully follow those precepts, we shall be richly rewarded. We do not say that your teaching is false; on the contrary, we believe that it is good. But your teachings are still too novel to enable us to judge them rightly. Moreover, how can you be sure that in obeying your own teaching and religion, you will undoubtedly receive forgiveness of sin and salvation?” The evangelist replied, that in the first place, through repen­ tance and faith in Christ the spirit and grace of God produce an entire change of heart and conduct in man; and secondly, the believer is enlightened by the spirit of God so as to attain an inward certainty regarding salvation. Such certainty is not imaginary or even emotional, but is one based on personal experience. Upon this the Nambudiri declared: “All these things we also hope for and expect that the gods whom we worship will grant us”. To which the evangelist replied, that if they only thought over the matter, they were bound to see that the gods whom they worshipped (i. e,, idols — the work of men’s hands) could not possibly help them in their longings after salvation. Mr. Luke mentions some views about Christ and Christianity expressed on various occasions by Hindus. Some of these views are: “Though Jesus Christ may have risen from the dead, the fact remains that he had to pass through death and taste its bitterness. This is a defect in him. Gods Strange should in no way be subject to death.” “To views about torture any living being is a sin and a crime. Christ. If Jesus, therefore, of his own accord delivered himself up for being tormented and killed, he is himself responsible for such cruelties. Hence, will not his sufferings and death lose their atoning power?” “To be­ come a Christian without a change of heart is useless. If, then, there is a change for good in the man’s heart, there is no longer any need for him to become a Christian.” Mr. N. E d a p a la n , our evangelist for the Calicut district, reports the following interesting incident: “On our way from Kollam to Quilandy we met a Nair sanyasi wearing the yellow cloth and the deer skin, and carrying about his shoulders the bag with ashes as well as the peacock’s feather, and in his 89

hand the indispensable drinking goblet. We found that he was a member of a rich family at Velashery. He left his family about 15 years ago to live as a sanyasi, driven away by disgust at the constant quarrelling within A Sanyasi the family. During all these years he had finds peace. wandered about and visited many holy places. Only after long intervals and for a short time, would he visit his relatives. We asked him what he meant to achieve by his present life. He replied: “I am seeking peace. For the sake of my great sins God has suifered strife and discord to take place among the members of my family. Without forgiveness of sins there can be no peace and no happiness. Can men during this present life attain to ;such a state? Hoping to attain such a state I am still wandering about. In a later birth, at any rate, I hope to reach the goal”. “We know,” we told him, “a way to the attainment of peace, a way which one can find already in this life and which leads to eternal joy and bliss. He who accepts Christ as the redeemer, receives pardon for his sins, and salvation.” “This is something for me,” said the man, “and such a Saviour I need.” So he came along with us. We first took him to the house of a new convert who told him his own experience. This Nair sanyasi then accompanied us to Quilandy and Annasherry and at last, we reached Calicut together. He received instruction for a few days and was baptised on the 24th of December last, receiving the name Devadasan. He now earns a living as a workman in the Tile Factory. It is not an easy thing for a man who for many years led an unsettled life, now to maintain himself by working as a cooly, but so far Devadasan has been doing so”. During his tours with his co-workers Mr. W e s s e l, our missionary at Manjeri (our newly founded station), frequently visited the Moplas, who were often surprised to find that the Christian evangelists should want to preach to them who, as they firmly believe, are in possession of the latest revelation and do not, therefore, need any such attention. What struck the missionary most, was the utter want of appreciation, on the part of Mohammedans in some parts of the district, of the moral side of religion. They fail to understand that 40 a religion which does not insist on morality and righteousnessr must be on a low plane, and the more it insists on these re­ quirements the more does it bear the impress of truth. What chiefly imposes upon them is “strength”. They prided them­ selves on the fact that even Government does Among not prevent them from taking away Cheruma Moham- children from their families and converting medans. them to Mohammedanism. Riots and quarrels are most frequent among Mohammedans during- the Ramzan or fasting month; and no wonder, for in this month heaven is opened and every Mohammedan that dies, enters direct into it! In short, the ethical side of religion is not recognised. In these districts it is very necessary to teach children to understand what moraj, greatness and moral strength mean. May Mr. Wessel succeed in establishing as many schools as possible so that this purpose may be effected! The necessity for schools in the inland tracts is also em­ phasised by Mr. Juckee, the itinerant missionary of Chombala, He says: “When I travel through the inland places far away from the high road, I awake to the fact that More there are thousands of children, belonging to Elementary both the higher and lower castes, who are Schools! unable to read or write and are devoid of all knowledge. Here and there, it is true, the buzz of children’s voices betrays the fact that there is a school near by! But what the children learn here besides the rudiments of an Indian education, is only a number of mythological stories about the gods. We should, therefore, establish small schools here and there all over the country and work them with a Hindu and a Christian teacher. In this way ignorance may be fought more effectually than it has hitherto been possible”. One of our Tellicherry evangelists narrates an interesting incident. One day he preached the gospel at the house of a well-to-do Nair, who proved to be a man of the world and consequently contradicted everything that was said. While the conversation went on, a sanyasi came in quietly and listened for some time without uttering a word. At last, how­ ever, he expressed himself as follows: “The Hindu religion— 41 the way of the works, and the way of bhakti, as well as the way of wisdom — is like the ashes spread on my body: there is nothing substantial in it; and this has been my ex­ perience during the past 15 years. I do not The Sanyasi's fully know the Christian religion, but in all testimony the countries through which I have wander- or ■ ed, I have observed certain characteristics The greatest among Christians, namely, that they alone force in evan- are really charitable, and also truthful. These gelization. characteristics are peculiar to their religion. I made a pilgrimage to the river Kaveri; and there 1 fell ill. Hundreds of thousands of Hindus stayed there. I asked several wealthy Hindus to help me, but in vain. At last somebody took charge of me and conveyed me to a hospital; and he visited me daily. Gradually, I re­ covered and was restored to health. He then gave me some money to enable me to continue my journey. As I had grown much attached to my benefactor, I accompanied him to his house, and, to my surprise, found that he was very poor. Only then I learnt his story and learnt, too, that he was a poor Christian. I asked him why it was that he had done so much for me. He then told me the story of a certain good Samaritan whom Christ had commanded His followers to imitate. There­ upon I felt a great joy in my heart, and since that day I have never ceased to worship Christ. My country is Tanjore, and if Christ gives me strength to return thither I shall become a Christian.” Such were the words of the sanyasi. They prove once again that the essence of Christianity, namely, love to God and to one’s neighbour, can be brought home to the hearts of non-Christians, far better by deeds than by words. If the example of this Christian who showed the sanyasi active, but silent sympathy, was oftener followed, we dare say, we should live to see wonderful results attend our missionary efforts in this country. Mr. S c h ä f e r , our itinerating missionary at Cannanore, reports about his own work and that of his co-workers among the different classes of people in the Chirakkal Taluq. They did not neglect even the outcast Cherumas. Mr. Schäfer, who has succeeded in founding a school for Cheruma children, makes 6 42

the following shrewd remarks about missionary work among these low caste people. “We have tried to influence them by house to house visitations, with, however, not much success. They are so shy that it takes time to put them at their ease and make them listen to what is said, apart from the fact that the poverty of their dialect causes peculiar difficulties to the preacher. If we wish to help these people, we must begin to do so by means of school work; only in this way will we be able to influence the growing generation, and through it their family life. What is wanted for the present The cause is that the missionaries should act to them of the poor the part of a good Samaritan. Experience and already shows that this is the only way of oppressed. doing the greatest service to these people, namely, leading them to Jesus. If we re­ member, however, how little has been achieved among them hitherto, we must admit that so far we have played with regard to these people the part of the Priest and the Levite. At the present time, there is a movement on foot among the Hindus themselves for the intellectual uplifting of the Panchamas. If we do not in all earnestness lend them a helping hand, we may miss the opportunity of showing that it is in accord with the spirit of Jesus to espouse the cause of the poor and the oppressed”. Referring to the work among the educated classes, Mr. Schäfer remarks on the indubitable fact that Western education alone is not sufficient to save the people from Western superstition and idolatry. He met, for in­ education no stance, an educated Hindu, a B. A., who match for though he recognised a Supreme Being, yet superstition. believed in sorcery. Wrhen Mr. Schäfer met this educated Hindu, the latter was seen with a charm fastened round his head, which he had obtained dur­ ing his illness from a Mopla witch-doctor. “No amount of education will oust superstition and idolatry from this land! The worship of idols can yield only to the worship of the living God, and superstition give way only to a true and living faith in God.” 43

South Canara. Mr. W e l l e r , our itinerant missionary at Mangalore, went about with his co-workers preaching the gospel among Brahmins, Jains, fishermen, and other castes. On the whole, they did not find the Brahmins ready to receive the message; the Jains were at least more friendly (a Jain revival preacher from Madras who had delivered a lecture at the Jain temple, even commended the work of the missionary who was then present); while the attitude of the fishermen was en- Commend- couraging. When the members of the Y. M. able work of C. A. declared themselves willing to instruct a Y. M. C. A. the fishermen in reading and writing, 25 fishermen immediately applied to be enrolled as students, and they have been instructed in these subjects as well as in the one thing needful. They meet four times a week for the purpose. The number of fishermen pupils, some of whom are at least 30 years old, has already swelled to 60. All will agree with Mr. Weller in expressing the desire that the itinerant preachers should be backed up by a Christian congregation, which, taking to heart the needs An urgent of their heathen brethren, constantly intercedes necessity. before God for the labourers in the vineyard. “The work is hopeful and would certainly meet with greater success if our Christians had more faith, more life, more love; if they realised to a larger extent their personal responsibility in bringing the heathen around them to a knowledge of Christ. It would be an invaluable help if only a hundred of our Christians remembering their responsibility earnestly endeavoured to win souls for Christ from among their heathen brethren”. Mr. R itter, our itinerant missionary at Puttur, mentions, among other matters, that to a great extent bhutas are still feared and worshipped in many places. In a The fear of certain village 101 bhutas and one idol, whose bhutas. name nobody knows, are revered. When Mr. Ritter and his co-workers visited a village a feAV days before the bhuta festival took place, they were much impressed with the fact that fear of the bhutas had taken hold

6* 44

of the people. In the remote woodland valleys, a great number of families will frequently live together in a single house for fear of the bhutas. On one occasion they met at a house 50 persons all of whom, evidently, lived there. When these people saw the missionary and his party coming, they started from fear: but were soon reassured on perceiving that their intentions were peaceful. They then stood all around them, quietly listening to their message. In another house which they visited, 200 persons were said to live together. They, however, found it vacant, the people having fled to the woods at their approach. The following incident shows what a hold superstition still has in some places. On three consecutive evenings a light was seen on the top of a hill where a bhuta temple stood. On the third evening some of the prominent villagers together with the bhuta priests ventured to ascend the hill in order to receive the orders of the demon, who evidently wanted to attract their attention; when they reached the top they actually saw the light at the entrance of the temple. Their terror was not mitigated when they observed that the light was burning without apparently being fixed anywhere. While they stood bewildered, a young Mopla went forward towards the entrance of the temple, and with a bold grasp caught a number of glow-worms. At this the whole company burst out into a laugh. Probably some one had deposited this special kind of glow-worm near the temple in order to see what impression it would produce upon the bhuta fearing villagers. Mr. Ebenezer Clare, our evangelist at Beltangady, relates several encouraging experiences he had. For instance, when he was speaking on one occasion to Sudras, A Sudra’s one of the audience suddenly rose and began testimony. to tell the parable of the sower before his confreres. Only the seed that fell on* the good ground brought forth fruit, he said. “So also,” he con­ tinued, “the Word which these people preach, falls into various kinds of hearts. Although those that have no understanding may oppose its progress, it is certainly the Word of truth. The belief in bhutas and gods and the idea that they must be worshipped, is nothing but self-deception. My family possesses 45 about four waggon-loads of bhutas, but I do not believe in them. What the Mission people say is nothing but the truth, namely, that the God who has created and preserves us, is the only God. He is the only one whom we are in need of, in this world and in the world to come”. In the Coorg district the itinerants found everywhere sympathetic reception. Sometimes they were even invited by friendly Hindus to put up in their houses. A well-to-do Coorg told Mr. F isc h e r that he could not forget the parable of the rich man and poor Lazarus, and, therefore, esteemed it his duty to take care of the poor and needy. Mr. F o r r e r of Mercara regularly supplies the Coorg Club with two Christian papers, viz., The Inquirer and The Bible in the World. That there are secret readers of the Bible, in the Coorg district, in whose lives the Word of God manifests its power, is evident, for instance, from what one of our Christians tells us about his deceased father, a Hindu, who was well known to the missionaries. Not only did he regularly read his Bible, says his son, but he also made foot-notes to texts which he considered important; although he did not openly confess Christ, yet in life and conduct he was a Christian. The Bible of his father, who kept it under his pillow until his end, is now cherished by his Christian son as a precious treasure. Though the father was only a secret disciple of Jesus, yet his Christian conduct and influence bore good fruit in his son who openly confessed Christ. May many Coorgs follow his example!

South Mahratta.

Mr. E i s f e l d e r of Guledgudd sums up his experiences in the matter of evangelisation in the following manner: “The gospel is on most occasions quietly listened It cannot be to, and opposition is comparatively rare. in vain. Though the people may listen to the preach­ ing without remonstrance, they fail inwardly to grasp and appreciate it, as they do not realise their spiritual needs. How great is the joy if in rare cases we meet earnest inquirers and get an opportunity to point out to such souls the 46 path to heaven! If in spite of the s c a rc ity of results one cheerfully goes on preaching the Word, it is owing to the cer­ tainty that what we offer the people gratuitously is and remains the best thing in the world. Small as the visible results of itinerancy may be, if our work is done in the Lord, it cannot be in vain”. Mr. B om m er of Dharwar made in the beginning o f this year a successful magic lantern tour, during which he visited over 50 villages. Nearly everywhere he had a great many willing hearers, the exception, to the rule being only two villages where the people, terrified at the sight of the magic lantern apparatus, either hid themselves in their houses or fled from the village. The reason for their be- Magic haviour was that they believed our magic lantern tour, lantern to be an apparatus for inoculation! And the visitors’ explanations, that their appa­ ratus had nothing to do with vaccination, but contained pictures which they wanted to show them, had not much effect; so that in these two villages they had comparatively few hearers.— But it was different in the rest of the villages, where from 200 to 500 people were gathered every night round the pictures, which portrayed the life of Jesus from His birth to His ascen­ sion, and His second coming in the clouds. Every night for about two hours the life of Christ was exhibited and explained. When Christ’s passion was shown, a great stillness prevailed in the assembly, interrupted only by occasional exclamations of wonder or compassion. As a result of these meetings, people would sometimes come to the tent of the missionary wanting to know more about these things. In a place where the reception of the evangelistic party was especially hearty, the people were invited to take part in the divine service held in the tent of the missionary; and a number of them responded to the invitation. “It is necessary to repeat the visits to the villages as often as possible, in order to strengthen those whose inner life has been stirred. There is many a secret reader of the Bible and worshipper of Jesus, who for fear of outward complications does not dare come forward with an open confession. One of such secret disciples of Jesus gave R,s. 7 for Mission work. His GOL OUMBATZ, MAUSOLEUM OF MUHAMMED ADIL SHAH, 1627—1655, BIJAPUR. 47 desire is that the gospel of Jesus might be proclaimed every­ where.” On the journey described above, about 800 tracts and Bible portions including some New Testaments and one Hoty Bible were sold.

WOMEN’S WORK We take the following encouraging items from the report of Miss Ehrensperger of Calicut. The number of girls and women, from different parts of the town, who have enrolled themselves as pupils, was 209 at the end of the year as against 101 at the close of the previous year. The latter figure includes 71 old and 138 new pupils. 35 girls and women are instructed in reading, while 149 pupils read and learn Bible stories and the gospels, and also commit to memory selected texts and hymns. The method of teaching is graduated to suit the mental faculties of the girls and the education they may have received previously. Some of them attended a Mission school until their 14th or 15 year; others, Avere or still are reading in the Government school; others again acquired a little knowledge in a private school; and there are those, also, who never received any instruction at all. In each group there are intelligent and dull students: a pupil belonging to the alphabetarians, for instance, may have more understanding for the Christian faith than some of the former students of Mission schools. As to caste, Tiyyas by far preponderate, but there are also some Nair women pupils living in Chalappuram and Vilati- kulangara. By means of a Needlework and Caste. Bible class conducted by Mrs. H o fm a n n and Mrs. D a n ie l , we hope gradually to get some influence over the women of the fisher caste. The attitude of the families of our pupils {i. e., chiefly of the men) is of various descriptions. Some Attitude of are indifferent; others like the idea of their families. women-folk being educated, and others again are opposed to it. A girl who, from fear of her uncle and brother, was receiving her lessons in the house 48 of a friend, was found out one day and chastised and sent home. She manages, however, to continue her studies. On the whole, we have rarely to deal with doubts as to the truth of the Christian doctrine, as the Indian woman does not, as a rule, form independent opinions. Besides, they look up­ on the Bible-woman as one who knows things and must be believed. They all have the greatest respect for Jesus and His work, but there are three things which the more intelligent girls do not easily get over, viz., (1) that Jesus sent the swine to perdition; (2) that He cursed the fig tree; and (3) that He allowed His disciples to steal the ass and the colt. But there are also those among the girls who ask such Doubts and questions as these: “Could not God save man- questions. kind in any other way than by sending His Son?” or, “Would there be so much of misery, poverty, and disease, if Jesus really had died as an atonement for sinful man?” Sometimes girls who have learnt by heart texts like—“Call upon me in the day of trouble: 1 will deliver thee and thou shalt glorify me,” are disappointed if their prayers are not answered. That the good work Miss Ehrensperger and her faithful assistants are doing, is amply blessed and that the spirit of God is working in some of the women, may be Encouraging inferred from several interesting and even experiences. pathetic experiences they had. Out of these we are only able to mention a few. A Mohammedan woman, who was formerly rather indifferent and showed little interest in the Bible-woman’s instruction, changed her attitude when the Bible-woman one day read her, from a ■Christian paper, the story of the conversion of a young man. Her heart was so stirred that she began to confess her sins. She said the Missee had sent her the story in order that she should become good and earnestly seek her salvation. Now ■she not only sends her child to school, but is also herself a zealous pupil. Kunchirutha used to listen to our teaching with a lively interest. Her son, 15 years of age, fell ill of typhoid and was sick unto death. To cheer up the woman the Bible-woman M a r t h a told her the stories of the youth of Nain and of the 49 daughter of Jairus. While the Bible-woman was telling these stories, the voice of the sick boy from the Adversity adjoining room was heard requesting that the teaches to Bible-woman should speak more loudly, so that pray. he also might understand what she said. They went up to the sick boy, and when he heard what the Bible-woman was speaking about, he himself repeated both stories, for he had learnt them at school. When the mother heaid him, she broke into tears saying: “My son, pray to Jesus. I surely believe that He can make you whole,” whereupon the boy replied, “Yes, mother, I shall pray,” and folding his hands he repeated with great fervour the Lord’s Prayer. The Bible-woman did her best to encourage the mother and son, strengthening them in their faith. After a short time the sick boy recovered and was fully restored to health. His mother, however, was attacked with the disease and died before the Bible-woman could visit her. A Hindu in good circumstances made a vow, when he was dangerously ill, that he would become a Christian, if God preserved his life. He recovered and is now Need for in a depressed state of mind not having, so intercession. far, found sufficient courage to confess Christ openly. He is recommended to the readers of this report for intercession. May God imbue him with strength and courage to overcome the obstacles that are in his way and to make good the promise that he has given to God ! The working method which has proved successful in a town like Calicut, apparently has less chances in the country where the people are still far from appreciating education of girls even in such a useful subject as needlework. At our Chombala Mission station the Bible-women succeeded with difficulty in winning some pupils for regular instruction. Female The people ask: “Why should we have oui- instruction females instructed in reading and needlework? not If they are able to cook and to work in the appreciated. fields it is enough. All the other arts are useless for them.” Still in some Nair houses a few girls and women offered to be taught needlework, and the opportunity is used for the reading and exposition of 50

portions from the Bible. The father of one of the pupils, a wealthy Nair, is favourably disposed towards the work of the Bible-women, and whenever they visit his A well- house, he calls upon all his servants to come disposed Nair. and listen, being convinced that his people will derive advantage from hearing the Word of God. Apart from regularly teaching the few pupils mentioned above, the Bible-women have been carrying on house to house visitations, reading and explaining the gospel at each house as far as opportunity would allow. They also endeavoured to sell Bible portions and were often successful. For instance, some Tiyya women who came from a distance to attend an idol festival, expressed great wonder on hearing the gospel, saying that it was the first time that they had heard these things, and discussed among themselves in a lively manner what they had heard. They concluded that the The Bible message was good news, and in order to re­ appreciated fresh their memory they bought 16 Bible by women. portions. Mohammedan women are often open to the message of Jesus, but are sometimes scolded and beaten for it by their men. A courageous Mopla woman, however, took heart and bought a gospel remarking: “Even at the risk of my husband ill-treating me in his anger I shall buy this little book in order that rpy boy may learn the good precepts that it contains.’' Women workers have sometimes to contend with questions and contradictions from men. For instance, a missionary lady of Tellicherry relates the following conversation she and the Bible- women had with a Hindu astrologer:—The man’s first question was whether Jesus had not first been a mere man and was only afterwards raised to the state of divinity. The answer was that Christ existed before the world was created, nay, the world was created through Him ; also, that Jesus A said to His Father, “Thou lovedst me before conversation, the foundation of the world;” The man agreed these were words of deep import, but continued asking why Jesus Avas afraid of death; He must have been so, having prayed to God to save Him from the hands of His enem­ ies. Reply:—“We only know Jesus’ prayer in Gethsemane 51

when He felt the burden of our sins upon Himself and in the agony of His heart supplicated God to save Him, adding, how­ ever, ‘not according to my will, but according to Thine’. Then our friend asked, why one of Jesus’ disciples had become such a bad man as to betray his master. If Jesus was such a holy man, as He is described to be, one who had intercourse with Him for a long time should also have become holy. Reply: — -Judas loved sin and money more than he did Jesus, and dark­ ness more than light, so that the influence of Jesus was without effect upon him.” The next question was, why Jesus did not call upon Judas to repent, when He knew that Judas was about to betrajr Him. We tried to explain that Jesus had all along influenced Judas to the best, but owing to man’s faculty of free will he could resist even God and go on in his evil ways. The. man could not well understand this. He insisted that God should prevent man from committing sin. We pointed out that God wants men to choose the good and reject the evil of their own accord. We perceived, however, that to him sin meant only omission of religious ceremonies. The will of God according to the ten commandments, culminating in Christ’s words: “Thou shalt love, etc.” was, therefore, explained. He, however, returned: — “Your God forgives sin over and over again, if you only ask Him for it, so men may continue in their sinful lives without running the risk of losing God’s favour.” We tried to show the man and all the women stand­ ing around him listening, that God was a holy and righteous God, and it was just due to His severity towards everything unholy which caused our condition to be so grave, that nothing- short of the self-sacrifice of the Son of God could atone for it. The man’s next question was:-—“Who has crucified Jesus?” and the answer: — “You and I have been the cause of His death.” He replied: — “So Jesus would have had to be crucified many times again as men continually committed sin.” It was pointed out to him (in accordance with the 10th chapter of Hebrews) that “those who believe in Him are sanctified through the offering of the blood of Jesus Christ once for all.” The people wanted to ask more questions, but it was time for us to leave for another house; so we left them praying that God might speak to them through His Spirit. 52

At Cannanore and the suburbs the work is carried on by Miss W u t t k e and the Bible-women. Some of the Bible-women have succeeded in gaining access to day-schools, where they teach needlework to the girls and, in connec- Influencing tion therewith, Bible texts and stories. One school girls. of the Bible-women even teaches singing according to Hindu tunes. In this also the boys join with alacrity. Some of the girls would rather prefer to be instructed in needlework only and dispense with the rest, which, however, we are unable to consent to, as thereby we would miss our chief purpose. Girls from other schools also join sometimes in the Needlework and Bible lessons. These opportunities are also used.for selling tracts. One of the Bible- women conducts a Sunday school class in one of the schools, where, on a working day. she teaches the girls in the way described above. Miss Wuttke and the Bible-women made several evange­ listic tours during the year to Taliparamba and Payyanur. In November last the Bible-women of Cannanore, Chowa, Tellicherry, and Chombala met at Nettur for a twro days’ course of instruction in biblical and ajfologetical subjects. Mrs. B a c h l e has kindly supplied us with a report on the Bible-women’s work carried on at Mangalore, from which we extract the following remarks: — “The reception of the Bible-women was, on the whole, friendly, except on the part of the Konkanies whose behaviour wras often the reverse of sympathetic. It was, however, easier to reach the fisher people. There, a young widow said to me: ‘Our gods are worth nothing. I sacrificed my ornaments to Mariamma; I pawned my best clothes to satisfy the bhutas; and, in addition, we sacrificed our hens to them, and yet, they did not preserve my husband’s life.’ A girl, who formerly had attended one of our Mission schools, admonished her elder sister to listen attent­ ively to what I said; she knew, she said, our shastra, having- learnt it at school. The girl herself in conclusion related a Bible story writh such interest and pleasure Concentrated as I should wrish that all our Christian girls working. might be capable of. The number of houses to be visited amount to about 225; however, we have made a selection so as to visit more frequently those GIRLS IN A BOARDING HOME ENGAGED IN KITCHEN WORK. 53 houses where we find women who comprehend and appreciate our message”.

II. EDUCATIONAL WORK

(See Table of Schools pp. 16. 17.)

A. EDUCATION OF NON-CHRISTIANS.

The schools maintained by the Basel Mission for the educa­ tion of non-Christians include one Second Grade College, four High Schools for boys and one for girls, several incomplete Secondary Schools and a large number of Elementary Schools. The total number of non-Christians reading in our educational institutions is 12,881, viz., 11,041 boys and 1840 girls. Second Grade College, Calicut. From the report of Mr. K n o b l o c h we take the following items: At the end of the year 884 students were on the rolls in all the Second classes, comprising 164 in the College, 425 in Grade the High School, and 295 in the Primary College, Department. The results both in the Inter- Calicut. mediate and School Final examinations were encouraging. Out of 20 students reading in the Senior Intermediate Class 9 came out successful in the examination.

On the 10th June the new Principal, Mr. W. E. H o a r e , m . a ., took charge of the institution. Considering the splendid outward progress of the institution the missionary opportunity it offers must be great. At present 15 Christian teachers are at work, 4 in the College, and 11 in the High School Departments. In the Vlth Form the Gospel of John was taught, and the boys were asked to write an essay on the subject: “What impression have you received from the study of the Gospel of John?” A characteristic feature of the essays was that the boys, though praising Jesus as a “pillar” and a “reformer” , would not concede that he was greater than Krishna. One of 54 the boys wrote that he preferred Krishna because he had be­ come accustomed to him. The following lines from the report of Mr. Hoare, the Principal, will furnish some idea of the Bible instruction given in the College classes. “We have been studying the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and of St. Luke. The first two books may not at first sight seem to contain much that will interest boys. But I found it possible to lay repeated stress on the conception of a Righteous God reigning in the earth, obedience to His laws bringing about national prosperity, dis­ obedience entailing national degradation and destruction. It is quite possible from these Old Testament books to cast light on current questions of to-day, questions that are troubling the people of many lands. The object of the lesson is not so much to store minds with accurately learned facts, but to set forth the principles of life”. Several religious lectures were delivered during the year in the College hall. On these occasions the students were ad­ dressed by representatives of the Y. M. C. A. World Union, the Indian Branch of the Endeavour Society, the Jewish Mission and of our own Mission. Mr. E d d y 's subject was: “Whom say ye that Jesus is?” (Friend, Saviour, our life). Mr. H a l l i w e l l related the story of a student who lived 2000 years ago (Timothy). The Jewish missionary, Dr. P r ic e , gave a magic lantern exhibition on “the manners and customs of ancient and modern Jews”. There were 25 Christian and 25 Hindu students in the hostel. The Christian boys gathered every evening for prayers con­ ducted alternately by Mr. Knobloch and the War den. Among them there is quite a number of Syrian Christians, who, it is gratifying to learn, bravely confess Christ. The Sunday afternoon meetings introduced by Mr. M ü l l e r have been continued, missionaries and educated Christians from the town contributing to make these meetings a blessing to the boys, as Mr. Knobloch gratefully acknowledges. The work in hostels is the most effectual means of influencing -the character of the students; and it must thus be regarded as a verj7 important missionarj- agency. An excursion of the hostel students to the Leper Asylum 55 brought a welcome diversion. Some of the students addressed the lepers and the whole day was passed in the asylum grounds. Palghat Secondary School. —The Manager and Head master, Mr. Hauer, left for Europe in August and Mr. Schrenk took charge of the school till December, when he was succeeded by Mr. Maue, who had returned from Europe. Palghat Regarding the Biblical instruction imparted Secondary during the year, Mr. Maue observes that School. he finds sure indications that the truths of Christianity must have been brought home to the students with much sympathy and insight. Mr. Maue also remarks on the responsibility thrown on Mission High Schools to counteract various influences, often harmful, to which Indian students are exposed to-day. “What a privilege to subject such a large number of boys to the quickening influence of the Word of God!” The hostel offers opportunity for closer acquaintance with the resident students. The Manager who, so to speak, is in loco parentis has to sympathise with their manifold cares and needs. Such sympathy is especially welcome in times of sick­ ness, when the boys are more amenable to spiritual influences. Parsi High School, Tellicherry. The number of pupils enrolled at the close of the year was 665. In view of the increasing number of students, accommodation is none too large. 90 students were admitted to the School Final examination with satisfactory results. Concerning religious instruction Mr. S c h e u e r remarks: “Christian ideas naturally do not, at first, appeal to the boys, but after a few weeks of instruction their Tellicherry attitude becomes different. Prejudices break Secondary down and it may even happen that a boy School. declares before the whole class: ‘I like the religious lessons best’. On the whole, the students showed considerable interest in religious studies.” In order further to stimulate such interest Mr. Scheuer intends to reserve scholarships for distinction in religious subjects. The hostel had 19 residents at the close of the year. A building in all respects better suited than the old one has now been secured. 56

Our Secondary School at Mangalore, in charge of Mr. B lu m , made good progress during the year. There were 316 students at the close of the year as against 250 during Mangalore the corresponding period of the previous year. Secondary A new physical laboratory was built. The School. examination results were satisfactory. The school took an honourable part in the “sports,” having won one gold and 5 silver medals. With a view to improve discipline and at the same time promote sound moral development in the boys, Dr. F o r st e r ’s “system of monitors” i.e., a measure of self-government, was introduced in the school. This method is calculated to create and cultivate a sense of personal responsibility in students, and there are not wanting those among them who earnestly strive to become true to themselves. In religious instruction due regard was paid to those de­ structive influences, which to a great extent emanate from the West and tend to lead astray the boys both spiritually and morally. In order to meet these opposing forces Mr. Blum treated of such subjects as “God,” “Man,” and “The World,” in the Matriculation Class, and at the same time endeavoured to lead the boys into an intelligent knowledge of the Christian Scriptures and, above all, to picture to them the personality of the Redeemer. In addition to our higher institutions.there is a large number of Elementary Schools scattered all over the country, which do very valuable work in spreading a knowledge of Christianity and disseminating healthy moral principles. These schools are also of incalculable benefit in preparing the way for the itinerant preacher. Inland people who attended a Primary or Elementary Mission School in their youth, -will naturally Elementary grasp what the itinerant preacher says, far Schools. more readily, and understand its purport, as a general rule, much better than others. We intend to use every opportunity of augmenting the number of Elementary Schools, more especially, in remote country places. B. EDUCATION OF CHRISTIANS. There are at present two Theological Seminaries, one recognized Training Institution for boys and another for girls, one Christian Secondary (Boarding) School for boys, and two Students’ Homes for Christian boys reading in Mission Secondary Schools. In addition to these institutions for the training of Mission workers, there are Parochial schools for all our congre­ gations, primary education being compulsory in our Mission. Finally, there are nine Orphan Schools, four for boys and four for girls, and one for both sexes, which form a not unimportant factor in the training of Christian youth. The training of an efficient staff of workers is a matter of vital importance for any Mission. It is to Christian schools that we look for trained men and women, who will be able to lead their countrymen into an intelligent knowledge of the Scriptures, and to expound by word and example the essence of Christian life and practice. Educated and trained workers are wanted for all agencies alike, be th'e}r evangelistic, pastoral, or educational. For the training of our evangelistic and pastoral agents two Seminaries are maintained, one for the Kanarese area, viz., North and South Canara, South Mahratta, and the Nilgiris, and the other for Malabar. The Theological Seminary at Mangalore. Mr. S c h o s s e r , the Principal, in reporting on the examination of 7 students who finished their course, rightly observes: “There Theological is the danger of valuing the intellectual faculties Seminary at of our students as most important; not the Mangalore. head, but the heart makes the preacher of the gospel. Yet, if examinations (influencing the scale of salaries) are evils, they are-unavoidable evils in this imperfect world of ours.” The students were examined in Dogmatics, Ethics, Pastoral Theology, Church History, Symbolics, Introduction to the Old and New Testaments, Biblical Exegesis, Hinduism, and languages (Sanskrit, Greek, and English). On the practical subjects, viz., Homiletical and Catechetical exercises, the Principal remarks: “The sermons of the students 58 were nearly all satisfactory. Our students have, however, an inclination to preach in too stilted a style. This is partly due to the fact that the medium of theological instruction being Kanarese, a great number of terms must be borrowed from Sanskrit; and, in consequence, there is the temptation to intro­ duce Sanskrit terms in the sermons. “Most of the catechetical exercises were also satisfactory. Those students who have been engaged in Sunday School work showed greater ability in teaching and eliciting answers than the others. “The results of the examination were that 2 of the students passed in the first class and the rest in the second. On the 24th March last they were consecrated for their calling at the Shanti Church, Balmatha. May they become faithful lab­ ourers and a blessing to their countrymen! ” After the departure of the old students there still remain 15 theological students. In addition to these, 9 training students who attend the Government Training School, board and reside at the Seminary. New students will be admitted before the first term, which begins on the 1st of June. Our Theological Seminary for Malabar is at Nettur near Tellicherry. The number of students was 23, viz., 19 regular students qualifying as catechists, and four students who are being trained as assistant catechists. During the year under Nettur review, instruction was given in the fo llo w in g Theological subjects: Ethics (Principal), Church H isto ry Seminary. (Mr. Lubke), Old and New Testament Exegesis (Mr. M. S im o n a n d Mr. S en g -l e ), Hinduism (Mr. E . T h a y il ), History of' Revelation in the lowest class (Mr. M. Simon), Homiletical and Catechetical exercises (Mr. Sengle), the usual linguistic subjects,' viz., Greek (Mr. Lubke and others), Sanskrit and Malayalam (Mr. V. C h a t h u k u t t y N a m b ia r ), E n g lish (Mr. Sengle), and Vocal an d instumental music (Mr. S. E l ia s). The students with their teachers made two preaching tours, one with the object of attending an idol-festival, the other (to Quilandy) for the purpose of house to house visitations and preaching in the crowded bazaars. In addition to these tours the teachers and students of the Seminary preached 59 in the Tellicheriy town every week throughout the summer. Practical exercises such as these are of great value to the students, in making them realise that it is not sufficient to preach the gospel in a purely dogmatical manner, and that the preaching will hardly make an impression, if their daihr lives are not at the same time a witness to the truths which they believe and preach. This is the way of preaching with enthusiasm without having recourse to mere rhetoric effect. At the same time they learn that no one who is unacqainted with the inner lives, religious and moral notions, and the difficulties and struggles of the people, can hope to persuade them about the truths of Christianity. When our Mohammedan and Hindu friends feel that the speaker ad­ dresses them in a sympathetic spirit, they, as a rule, listen re­ spectfully and attentively. Teachers’ Training School at Nettur. This institution con­ sists of two sections, viz., the “Government Training” and “Mission Training” classes. A new feature in Nettur the Government Training class was the ad- Training mission of Hindus. Formerly only Christians School. joined the school, our object being to obtain a certain number of Christian teachers for our Mission schools; but last year the application of a few Hindu youths and a Hindu girl for admission was complied with, while in the present year 7 Hindus including one girl have entered the Seminary. The total number enrolled in the Government Training class last year was 10, and in the present year 14. The greater portion of the instruction was given by the Head master, Mr. S athyanadhan . All the 10 students were sent up for their Final examination at the close of the year, and, at the time of writing this report, we still await the results. The ordinary grant of the Government for the Training Institu­ tion and its Model School was Rs. 647 including Rs. 7 for furniture. In addition to this amount, Rs. 506. 9. 2. were received as stipendiary grant. In the Mission Training classes the following subjects are taught by the teachers mentioned in the parenthesis. Christian Doctrine (Mr. M. Simon), Introduction to the Old and New Testament (Mr. I. Jacobi). Church History (Mr. Jacobi), Bible Reading (Mr. E. Thayil), Pedagogics and Method (Principal), 8* 60

English (Mr. Lubke), practical teaching lessons (Principal), vocal and instrumental music (Mr. S. Elias). The students who numbered only three last year, passed their examination at the close of the year, one of them securing a first class. Training School for Mistresses at Mangalore. From the report of Miss B e c k w e gather the following items. The institution was attended by 5 girl students, Mangalore while in the Model School there were 225 Training boys and girls in the lower and 25 girls School for in the higher classes. Accompanied by their Mistresses. teachers, the students in the town and the surrounding villages visited a number of schools. An excursion to Ullala gave them an opportunity of improving their knowledge of geography by observing the tides, sea winds, the beach, the mouth of the river, etc. Another red- letter day in the annals of the school was an excursion to Manjeshwara, a little village, where the students inspected sugar­ cane fields and a mill and visited two Mission schools the pupils of which had distinguished themselves in Kindergarten-work. Students’ Home at Nettur. This institution which is in charge of Mr. L u b k e as Manager, and Mr. I. Jacobi as house­ father, is preparatory to the Theological and Students’ Training Schools noticed above. The students Home, attend the Mission Secondary School in the Nettur. neighbouring town of Tellicherry. They are expected, as a rule, to pass the Final examin­ ation before entering the Theological Seminary. Some of the students, of course, may take to other vocations, in which case they are obliged to refund the expenses incurred for their education. The time the boys spend at the boarding home, is largely used, in view of their future vocation, for Bible teaching. Those preparing for entering the Theological Seminary, are taught Greek. They are somewhat hampered in these pursuits by the necessity of attending a day-school situated a mile and a half away,—a curriculum which comprises both the subjects of the day-school and the subjects above-mentioned being none too easy for the average student. “In spite of these 61 difficulties, however,” says Mr. Liibke, “some of the boys made good progress in the subjects prescribed by the Mission, viz.. Greek and the Bible. Notwithstanding the fact frequently observed that Indian students do not seem to appreciate Greek very much, a few of them exhibit commendable zeal in learning that language. They follow with interest the etymology of an English word derived from the Greek. One of the students on being asked during the Bible hour wherein the wisdom of Solomon consisted, smilingly replied: — ‘Solomon was well-versed in botany, zoology, ichthyology, and ornithology,’ being much gratified at being able to coin English words by means of his knowledge of Greek”. As already stated, there are, in addition to the institutions for the training of Mission workers, Parochial schools main­ tained for all the congregations, primary education being compulsory. Even Church membership is made dependent on the observance of this rule. It need hardly Parochial be said that a certain amount of education is schools. invaluable for the Christians, because it not only better enables them to make their way in the world, but also it facilitates the training of character and the imparting of spiritual knowledge. It is a well-known fact that Christians who are educated at least up to the primaiw standard, are incomparably better able to follow the sermon preached at church than others, especially new converts who are devoid of any education. In these Parochial schools a special curriculum for teaching Scripture sentences and Bible stories and also a number of useful Christian hymns has long- been in use. Another most important factor in the healthy development of Church life, especially when we look to the future genera­ tion, is the good work that is being done in the Orphanages. On the Nilgiris there are two orphanages, one for boys at Kaity, which is in charge of Mr. and Mrs. R isc h , and another for girls, at Kotagiri, managed by Mr. and Mrs. S c h a d . The latter have since left for Europe and have been succeeded by Mr. and Mrs. V o l z , from whose report a few items are mentioned here. 62

‘‘It is among our orphan girls that we have been allowed to perceive the good fruit ripening. Both the deepest misery and the most promising development have mani- Kotagiri fested themselves. If we compare the former Girls* heathenish condition of the children with their Orphanage. present state, there is a difference like that between night and day. For the saving of destitute and perishing children the value of our institution cannot be overrated. The children who have been trained in our institution to be Christian men and women, now number over 100, and they must be a factor in the building up of the Church on these hills.” 16 girls were admitted during the year under review, of whom 6 girls have left; and the number of children at present in the orphanage is 29. Some of the new children, being non- Christians, received Christian instruction and were baptised on the 10th of December. One of the elder girls, who had come to us as a heathen and been baptised in the institution, and who conducted herself well during the years she spent in the orphanage, has now left, having obtained a good post at the girls’ school of an English Mission working in Ooty, and we are glad to hear that her superiors are satisfied with her. Another girl educated in the orphanage, returned to her mother, a poor sickly widow, to be a help and support to her. “The matron of the institution has done her duty well by the children, patiently looking after the- smaller girls and super­ intending and instructing the older ones.” The great event in the Kaiiy Orphanage, in charge of Mr. Risch, was the Nilgiri Educational Exhibition which was held in the premises of the orphanage and school. The Kaity school itself received prizes for handicraft, fancy work, and teaching appliances. Four boys of the orphanage were deemed sufficiently in­ telligent to be sent to Coimbatore to attend Kaity Boys’ the High School there. Some boys from the Orphanage. orphanage are at present at the Udipi High School, preparatory to being trained later on as preachers or teachers. Two boys have entered the 68

Theological Seminary at Mangalore. One of the boys received his training as a teacher in the Coimbatore Training School and is now attending the Mission Training Class at Udipi. In the Malabar district two orphanages are maintained, the one, a boys’ orphanage, being situated at Paraperi (near Tirur Ry. Station) and the other, a girls’ orphanage. Malabar at Chombala near Mahe. Each of these two Orphanages, orphanages consists of about 100 children. The superintendents of the Paraperi Orphanage, Mr. and Mrs. F. S t r a u b , left for Europe in the beginning of the present year after handing over charge to Mr. and Mrs. J. R u o p p . The Girls’ Orphanage at Chombala is in charge of Mr. and Mrs. G. Renschler. In connection with the orphanage there is a recognised industrial school in which a Chombala number of the older girls of the orphanage Girls’ are taught, and which at the same time Orphanage. furnishes useful occupation to a number of girls from the congregation. Mr. Renschler in his report states that in the year under review, 20 girls were attacked by typhoid fever, the cause of which could not be discovered, since the well had been cleansed and disinfected shortly before. Two of these girls succumbed, but the rest of them recovered by God’s grace and were restored to health. Another girl, conspicuous for her habitual meek temper, died of consumption. During the brief term of her life she had suffered much through neglect or ill-treatment from her father (a Roman Catholic), who did not even reply when he was informed that his daughter was dangerously ill. On the eve of her death, Mary, drawing a deep breath, said: — ‘‘Now the Lord Jesus is coming to take me to Himself.” And so it was. Towards midnight her spirit left its mortal habitation for that realm for which she had been longing. In all, four children died during the year. The time during which the epidemic raged in the institution was one of anxiety for the superintendents and their assistants. Ten of the girls left the institution after having been con­ firmed, and returned to their homes. Four of the small girls (along with three adults) were baptised and received into the Church. During the summer vacation, when only about 64

20 children remained in the institution, an excursion was made to the out-station of Muverattu, which the children greatly enjoyed. After a 10 days’ stay which was filled up with games, singing, musid, etc., (the people in the neighbourhood looking on and listening with interest) they returned to the orphanage with their hearts full of thanksgiving for all the good things they had enjoyed. The South Canara and Coorg districts possess three orphanages, one for boys, and the other for girls, and one for both sexes. These orphanages are situated at Udipi Boys’ Moolky, Udipi, and Anandapur (near Sitapur) Orphanage. respectively. According to the report on the Udipi Boys’ Orphanage, in charge of Mr. Pfleideree, there were 98 inmates in the institution. 28 boys having completed their course left the orphanage, in order to find a living either as craftsmen and artisans or as field labourers. 7 boys, however, were admitted to the Second­ ary School to prepare for entering the Theological Seminary or acquiring as much general education as is necessary to qualify for the vocation of elementary teachers. During the year under review 38 boys were received into the institution. A number of these were quite puny and looked like children of about 4 years of age, while in reality they were from 7 to 8 years old. One of the smallest boys, when he was being taken to the institution, could not walk the whole way. Fortunately, he was in the company of other orphan boys, who were returning to the orphanage after the vacation. They managed to procure an empty sack, and having tied it to a stick, they carried the little boy to the orphanage in this improvised hammock. With much merriment the little band brought him in. Two non-Christian orphans received holy baptism. The story of one of these, Lakshmana, now Michael, 13 years old, is briefly as follows: — “While staying with Hindu relations he became acquainted with a Christian relative who was visiting them. This relative invited him to come along with him to Mangalore. As he was not permitted to accept the invitation, he managed to procure some money by secretly selling his ear-rings, mounted the transit and proceeded to Mangalore, and there soon found out the house of his relative, 65 who kept him for a while and then applied for his admittance to the Udipi Orphanage. His Hindu relatives were not at first pleased with the escapade of the boy, but finally acquiesced. May he and the other newly baptised boy both become faith­ ful disciples of Jesus!” The report on the Boys’ and Girls’ Orphanage at Anandapur, Coorg, in charge of Mr. and Mrs. F is c h e r , mentions several instances showing the value of the orphanage Anandapur in giving food and shelter to destitute Hindu Orphanage. children and in leading them to the Good Shepherd, Jesus. For instance, one Hindu boy was found by one of our Christians wandering along in the road in a miserable condition suffering from fever. Being- asked by the Christian where he came from, and where he was going, he stated that both his parents were dead, and he had no home. He was taken to the institution. He is now being- educated at school, and at the same time trained to be a tailor, as he has a special aptitude for tailoring. During the year under review three children were received into the institution, in consequence of a heathen boy having- joined it several years ago. Not long after this boy had come to the orphanage, his parents were so much influenced bjr his example, that the,y and their three other children joined the Mission and received baptism with their four children. Recently both the parents died, and their other children also have been admitted into the institution. The first mentioned boy, who had meanwhile grown up in the orphanage, is now able to look out for himself. There were several festive occasions during the year, which brought welcome diversion to the children. A red-letter day was Ascension day, when they attended the Mission Festival at Mercara. The two orphanages for the South Mahratta districts are situated at Bettigeri and Guledgudd. These Guledgudd institutions are in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Girls’ E r n s t and Mr. and Mrs. E i s f e l d e r respect- Orphanage. ively. The girls’ orphanage at Sumaddi, near Guledgudd, was threatened with plague which was rife in the neighbourhood, but by God’s grace all the in­ 9 66 mates of the orphanage were kept free of the dread disease. Mr.Eisfelder gratefully acknowledges the kindness of the Civil Surgeon who inoculated all the children within the precincts of the Mission compound. Although the number of inmates in the orphanage, and consequently the attendance in the Orphan School, has been decreasing, yet the grant of the Government has remained stationary owing to satisfactory results in the examinations. The good work of the orphanage extends even to very small children. Some of them are far below the age for admission to school. The youngest of these children, a boy, is only one year old and being of a sickly constitution requires much care and attention which, however, the matron and some of the big girls gladly bestow upon him. An excursion to Bijapur, which afforded an opportunity for sight-seeing, was greatly enjoyed and will probably live long in the memory of the children.

III. THE INDIAN CHURCH

(See tabular view on pp. 14. 15.)

The total baptised community of the Churches established in the area within which the . Basel Mission is working, now numbers 19,147, being 167 in excess of the last year’s figure. From the “Abstract showing the contributions of the Churches towards their expenses, the Mission, and the poor” it will be seen that the total amount collected in the Churches in 1911 is Rs. 20,894-7-0 as against Rs. 19,832-12-3 in the previous year. Of this amount, the regular Church contributions and Sunday collections, viz., Rs. 11,751-8-10 are alloted for the support of the pastors and the upkeep of the parochial schools and orphanages. The subsidy of the Home Committee was, as in the previous year, Rs. 31,000. As regards the organization of the Basel Mission Churches no change has been introduced since the publication of last year’s report in which its chief features were briefly sketched. In the following pages we propose to give a brief account

of o u t Churches indicating the chief events of the year. MOAT AND AUDIENCE HALL, BIJAPUR FORT. 67

N ilgiris. We begin our review with the Nilgiris. The Kaity Church mourns the loss by death of two faithful workers, namely, of Mr. P a u l M a d a , who worked as a cateehist in the Kaity congregation, and of Mr. I s a ia h K o n g a , itinerating catechist. From the report of Mr. R is c h we extract the following particulars. Mr. P. Mada died after a long illness. Some years ago he was stationed at Tuneri, where he got Kaity ill. Gradually his complaint turned out to be Church. consumption. After his transfer to Kaity he recovered so far as to be able to enter upon his new work as a catechist of the congregation, in which capacity he discharged his duties to the full satisfaction of his superior, who gratefully acknowledges the assistance Mr. Mada afforded him. But owing to the rough weather in October last he had a sudden relapse and his illness proved fatal. He himself did not expect his end to be so near, no more did we, till high fever, followed by a delirium, convinced us that there was no longer any hope that his life would be spared. The other deceased brother, assistant catechist Isaiah Konga, is not a stranger to the older friends of the Basel Mission. His interesting conversion in 1887, when he was 55 years of age, was narrated in full in the Mission report of that year. He invited all the prominent Badagas to witness his baptism, and addressing them, testified vigorously that “he who is born only once will die twice and he who is born twice will die only once.” In this manner he continued to be a powerful witness for Jesus both before Christians and heathens, the manner of his witnessing being always simple, but wonderfully original. His prayers were exceptionally child-like and fervent. The un­ challenged authority he possessed in the congregation was of great value in enabling him to exert a strong influence for good. On the 29th of January last, which day was his spiritual birth­ day, he gladly testified to what he had found in Christ. On this day and the following days he related how wonderfully he had received guidance of God from the days of Mr. Ca sam ajo r up to his conversion. When he felt his end approaching, his last request was that his grave might be dug close to the spot 9* 68 where the new church was to be erected. His desire has been granted. At the funeral a great many Hindus stood around his earthly remains listening with attention to the homage that was being paid to Him who had been our Isaiah’s joy and strength, until the last. In the out-station of Coonoor an event of great moment has taken place. In November last the congregation and school of the American Arcot Mission were Coonoor taken over b}T the Basel Mission in the Church. presence of Dr. S c u d d e r and Mr. F a r r e r , who had come as delegates of the Arcot Mission, and of Messrs. R i s c h , K ü h n e r , and S c h a d who represented the Basel Mission. After the material and financial questions had been successfully dealt with, the important event was fittingly solemnized in the beautiful chapel of the American Arcot Mission. The congregation at Kotagiri had an addition of 6 heathen baptised, and has now a membership of 382. Kotagiri Six more persons have applied for baptism congregation, and are under instruction. The contributions amounted to the sum of Rs. 903—which is a remarkable achievement, being over Rs. 2. 8/- per head, women and children included. The number of Christians within the area of our new station at Kalhatti is 99. There were 3 additions from the heathen, viz., 2 adults and one child. It is joyful news that in the Wynaad (which is included in the Kalhatti circuit) one of the local rice cultivators—the Shettis, was baptised he being the first fruit among this class of people. This new convert, Abraham, formerly Krishna, had at first to suffer persecution from his brothers, but he has remained steadfast in the faith. After a time, the mind of the brothers relented somewhat towards him, and they gave him a house to dwell in and pro­ vided him with means of subsistence. Although none of his relatives or any one belonging to his caste put in an appear­ ance on the dajT of baptism, the people did not show any ill-feeling towards the missionary. Even when the latter after­ wards preached the Word in the district during several weeks, the attitude of the people towards the preachers of the gospel 69

was anything but hostile. Some even requested the missionary to come and tell his message to them also. Not only among the Shettis, but also among the Korumbas and the coolies working in the estates there are a good many who listen willingly to the preaching- of the gospel.

Malabar.

The congregations at Palghat and Melparamba together have a membership of 445. There were 7 additions from the heathen. The new church at Melparamba was Palghat completed and solemnly consecrated in the Churches. presence of a large assembly among whom there were many European and Indian guests who had come from other stations to witness the happy event. The architecture of the building is beautiful. Considering its dimensions, it may be termed, in the words of Mr. Peter, i:a church of hope”, as it has much room for the reception of future converts. At Vaniyankulam, near Ottapalam, there are 237 Christians. 3 heathens were received into the Church during the year. The congregation at Codacal near Tirur Railway Station, together with its out-stations, counts 1299 Christian men, wo­ men, and children. Most of the Christians are employed in the Tile Factory. The great majority of Christ- Codacal ian families occupy houses and compounds Churches. rented to them by the Mission, and are com­ fortably off. Yet, there prevails considerable poverty among the Christians which, we fear, is to some extent due to evil habits. The spiritual life of the congregation is on the whole in a low state, in spite of every means adopted to stimulate it. Many neglect divine service. “Yet,” says Mr. A m b a t. the pastor, “there is a flock of good sheep here also, who attend divine service regularly with the desire to learn and do the will of God.” The Christian congregation in our new Mission station at Manjeri, in charge of Mr. W e s s e l, has a membership of 6 9 , as against 48 in the previous year, so that it has increased by 21 70 souls. The first adult baptism has taken place, and 9 other persons who have desired baptism, are receiving Christian instruc­ tion. Other applicants for baptism gave some Manjeri trouble and caused disappointment. Several congregation, of them had to be rejected, and some left the station of their own accord, among the latter there being one regarding whom special hopes had been enter­ tained. It appears that he was enlisted as a cooly for the Penang rubber estates. The first out-station has been founded at Malapuram, where a catechist is stationed. The first Mission school in the district was estabished at Ariakode in January 1912. Religious life in the congregation is not without its promis­ ing features. Dorcas meetings are being held and special attention paid to the religious needs of children. Thus modest but effective beginnings in several directions are observable in the station. Calicut together with its out-stations of Puthiyara and Ferok has a total membership of 2552. There were 43 additions from the heathen, including 36 adults and 7 children, in all the 3 congregations. Though many persons sought to be admitted into the Church, comparatively few requests could be complied with. At Calicut proper, 11 persons were baptised. Calicut “Our congregation,” says Mr. C h a n d r a n , the Church. pastor, “has every reason to thank God for all the temporal blessings they enjoy and for having been kept from several apprehended evils. I have reason to believe that there are many who gratefully recognise the kindness of God in these matters. We were not, however, without our usual cares and troubles. There were a great number of widows and orphans as well as sick, poor, and old people who look to us for help. Nearly Rs. 1000 were expended in 1911 to meet the wants of the poor and needy”. At the services the number of women greatly preponderate over that of men, not perhaps because the number of women in the congregation very much exceeds that of the men, but evidently owing to the fact that some of the latter are indiffer­ ent in religious matters. A similar fact may be observed INTERIOR OF THE NEW CHURCH AT MELPARAMBA. 71

during the months when boys and girls are instructed for confirmation. The pastor can testify, as regards the girls, that they were regular and attentive, while with the greater part of the boys the very reverse was the case. But thank God, the congregation comprises also a good number of true Christian men, and through them much good work is being done, the effects of which are manifested slowly but steadily. Chombala has a Church membership of 560. 8 persons, viz., 3 adults and 5 children, were received into the Church from the heathen. Among the latter there was a Chombala widow of a carpenter, living in the neighbour- Church. hood, who had intended to become a Christian for a long time, but had failed to do so. On his death-bed he exhorted his wife to join the Christian Church together with her four children; and accordingly after her husband’s death, she came to us for baptism. In consequence of her living alone among Hindus and Mohammedans she was robbed of nearly all her property. For a long time she man­ aged to maintain herself and her child by pounding rice in Christian houses., and lately she has found employment in the weaving room. There was considerable distress in the congregation, as work in the Weaving Establishment was scanty, and for a long time ceased altogether. In order to find employment elsewhere, some of the men left the station for Calicut or Cannanore. The missionary and the pastor did their best to induce the people to take up other work, and in some cases succeeded. Others, especialty older people, were found to be too weak or too old to take up a new craft. Owing to the instability of employ­ ment within the station, some parents are sending their children to other stations either for acquiring secondary education, etc., or for entering upon some practical vocation. Thus annually a certain number of people are lost to the congregation. Tellicherry has in its two branches at Nettur and the town, a membership of 660. There were 6 additions from the heathen. In the larger branch at Nettur there prevailed some distress owing to the fact that employment in the Weaving Establish­ ment was irregular. In consequence of this the burden of debt, which, we are sorry to note, manj- of our people incurred, has 72

increased. Considering’ the fact that in this country a creditor may, unrestricted by legislation, levy any rate of interest on money lent, the danger for any one who Tellicherry begins to contract debts, is that the weight of Churches. debt becomes rapidly intolerable. The attendance at divine worship might have been better, more especially on Sunday afternoons and at weekly services. In order to obtain money for carrying out a much needed improvement in the Nettur church building, a sacred concert was held in the church. The concert was arranged and the performances given entirely by Indian Christ­ ians, and we are glad to say that the music was very good, the crowning piece being Handel’s “Hallelujah Chorus”. The Cannanore-Chowa congregation has a membership of 1635. 21 heathens joined the Church: these include 11 adults and 10 children. Some of these newly bap- Cannanore tised people show genuine signs of the new Churches. life engendered in them. Some Christians, also, who have not hitherto lived up to their Christian calling, have repented and confessed their sins, and subsequently become more zealous in spiritual matters. Though many Christians are spiritually indifferent, there are also those who lead a good life and are a blessing to their fellowmen. Some also preach the Word of God to the heathen. Most of the Christians are employed in the Mission Weaving Establishment. Others earn’ on weaving oh their own account. Some of the young men are carpenters, and one young man, having learnt shoe-making, has now started a business of his own. In spite of the fact that work was at times scarce for many of our people, the collection at the Mission festival celebrated at Cannanore yielded the sum of Rs. 90, which was better than similar collections in other congregations. Secret donations manifest the working of the Spirit in some Christians who would, perhaps, not be credited with it. For instance, 7 years ago a member of the congregation, who till then had not been leading a Christian life, emigrated to Natal. There, remembering his own Church in the home land, he put by every Sunday an offering for his Church, so that, when he returned, he was able to hand over Rs. 15 to the Church 73

authorities. He also gave a donation of Rs. 7 as a thankoffer- ing, because God had answered his prayers in restoring one of bis children to health.

South Canara. Mangalore has a total Church membership of 3427. There were 5 additions from the heathen including 4 adults and 1 child. We extract the following items from the report of Mr. B a c h l e , the missionary in charge of the station. "We are sorry to record that on the 4th of October Rev. S a m u e l Mangalore A n d r e w s departed this life, at the age of 68. Church. From 1891 until 1903 he was the pastor of the Balmatha congregation. He was a pious, humble Christian, sympathetic and obliging towards all who came into contact with him; and consequently he had the love and confidence of the congregation. He was opposed to ever}’ kind of party spirit. Soon after he was pensioned, his bodily weakness increased and during the last few years he was pre­ vented from attending the church services. How thankful he was when on festival days the Lord’s Supper was administered to him in his house! At his funeral, the congregation gave expression to their gratitude towards their old pastor by accompanying in great numbers his earthly remains to their last resting place. * “In November, Mr. S a m u e l A im a n , who wTas the oldest member of the congregation, passed to his eternal rest in his 81st year. He was baptised in 1840 and received Christian instruction from the Rev. Dr. M o g l in g . He served in the Mission as a catechist from 1851 to 1871. Later on he was employed as an assistant to the Secular Agent until 1899. “The Church also sustained loss through the death, on the 30th September, of the elder, Mr. J aco b B h a s k a r , who had been employed for 44 years at the Printing Office. He was very faithful in visiting the sick among the congregation. Previous to his death he examined his whole life and asked forgiveness of everybody against whom he might have committed any wrong. He expired while the minister was praying with him. 10 74

“For a long period typhoid and cholera raged within the congregation. Out of 50 cases of typhoid 5 proved fatal. Through the kindness of the District Surgeon, Captain R u z z a k , at one time 9 of our typhoid-stricken Christians were all admitted into the hospital at the same time. I am very sony to add that Dr. V e r g h e s e , who was at all times so ready to help us, was transferred at the beginning of the new year. For all the aid he has afforded us, I wish to express heart-felt gratitude both on behalf of the congregation and the missionaries. We are also under a debt of gratitude towards Dr. Miss J a n a k i for her self-sacrificing and successful treatment of sick Christ­ ian girls ánd women. We also gratefully remember the medical aid afforded to us by Dr. F e r n a n d e z , S. J.” Sometimes, Christians though they are religions, show but scanty fruits of righteousness. This unsatisfactorjr state of things is observable in a portion of the Mangalore Church. However, “fruits” are not altogether wanting, e. g., last year a ‘Friend-in-need Society’ was founded which has now 110 members on its rolls and which, in the opinion of Mr. F u r t a d o , the pastor of the Balmatha congregation, wTill prove a great blessing to the Church. This society renders pecuniary help to Christians during times of illness and even procures persons to attend on patients in cases wiiere this is necessary. The Church, therefore, presents some beautiful evidences of love to one’s neighbour. At the Temperance Hall at Je$pu Hindu audiences gathered every month to hear addresses on religion from the pastor and others. Mr. O. Su m it r a , pastor of Bockapatna, refers to the pros­ perous development of Sunday Schools. There are now three Sunday Schools being conducted at Bockapatna, one for Christ­ ians and two for Hindus. The two latter schools are generally attended by about 100 children, and it is pleasing to learn that the work is carried on voluntarily by Christian young men, who take great pains to make the Sunday Schools popular. In order to secure better accommodation thejr themselves have erected a shed employing all their spare time for the work. They also have started a night school in which they instruct a number of Hindu young men in reading and writing. 75

Kasaragod has a Church membership of 274. Some of the Christians bravely fight to maintain themselves, and at the same time are ready to make sacrifices on be- Kasaragod half of the Church. For instance, a certain Church. Christian, upon whom Rs 8. had been levied as Church contribution, requested that the sum of Rs. 10. might be regularly raised from him. It may be mentioned that the man has a small and by no means a regular income. A few of the Christians regularly attend services and thé Lord’s Supper and are ornaments to the Church. Among these there are some widows who have set their hopes upon God and bear their cross patiently. Moolky has a Church membership of 1159. There were 9 additions from the heathen including 4 adults and 5 children. Mr. BRErDENBAOH, the missionary who is in Moolky charge of the station, remarks: “We are glad Church. -to say that our Christians earn an honest living, though their income is not large. I believe, however, that God would send his blessing more abundantly, if they were more God-fearing; we try to bring home to them this truth from the pulpit.” The Church at Udipi has in all its branches a membership of 2163. 10 persons (viz., 2 adults and 8 children) were received into the Church through holy baptism. The pastor of the Udipi congregation, Mr. B a n g -e r a , complains of the religious apathy of many of the Christians, but mentions two death-beds where it became Udipi manifest that the gospel of Jesus even in our Church. days is “the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth.” One of these two examples is that of a widow, who bore her affliction without murmuring as sent by God, loved the Word of God, and was grateful when the minister prayed with her. On being asked, where she was going to, she raised her Aveary head and said : — “I am going to Jesus.” The other instance is the following: — A woman, 74 years of age, the oldest Christian of Udipi, rejoiced to depart and be with Christ. When she Avas asked, how she Avas, and whether she Avas afraid to die, she answered: t:All my suffering Avili soon be over and I shall feel well.” And on

10 * 76

being’ asked how this could happen, she said:— ”1 trust in Jesus, He will give me rest.” She once more asked the minister to pray with her, and soon her soul departed in peace. Mr. S. F u r t a d o , the pastor of the Malpe congregation, mentions the conversion and baptism of a member of a well- to-do Hindu family. It is gratifying to learn from Mr. Furtado’s report that the congregation gradually begins to realize its own obligations towards the Church and is taking pains to improve its revenue. Four families, consisting of 18 persons, have come over from the heathen. Twro of the heads of these families are able to read the Word of God. As to attending church services, they are a model to our older Christians. One of these four families joined the Mission in order to escape being troubled by the bhutas. A school, which was started in 1910, has now on its rolls 80 pupils, and is a blessing to the congregation. Karkal (near the foot of the Ghats) has in all its branches a membership of 458. Most of the Christians are either small farmers or tenants. 4 Hindus including 8 adults and 1 child were baptised; and 21 persons are at present under instruction Karkal for baptism. Among the latter are a widow Church. and her daughter who belong to the Konkani caste. Three of the men are artisans. Two others have been wandering musicians, but are now engaged in making grass mats by means of an antiquated loom. An old sick man, outwardly in good circumstances, who had been a believer for a long time, but had hitherto been prevented by his relatives from coming over to us, at last resolved to join the Mission at all costs. His relations threatened to kill him, and made an attempt to detain him, and he had to be rescued with the aid of the police. Later on they came to the Mission station accompanied by two vakils, and a compromise was arranged between the old man and his family according to which he renounced his right of managing the tharwad property and of residing in his own house, but retained a certain portion of the tharwad revenue. At Basrur there is a small congregation of 154 Christians. There were 5 additions from the heathen. 77

The attendance at the forenoon service on Sundays has been, on the whole, satisfactory. As the young Basrur people sometimes preferred to play the truant Church. on Sunday afternoon, it became necessaiy to maintain the church attendance register in order to check the attendance. Honavar, though it is an old station, has a membership of only 104. But prospects seem to be brightening up in the station. On Christmas day 6 persons were Honavar baptised and received into the Church. The Church. small congregation at Honavar had not witness­ ed such a baptism for 60 years. Those who w’ere baptised, do not by any means belong to the great ones of this world, but they are not any the less welcome for that. The new’ Christians believe in Jesus with all their hearts, having found in Him joy and peace.

IV. INDUSTRIAL WORK

(See tabular view of the Mercantile and Industrial Establishments.) It would be difficult to give an account of all our Industrial Establishments adequate to their importance and the amount of work turned out by them. We have, moreover, received reports from some only of the establishments, including one Tile Factory, so that we are able to give but a few’ glimpses of the work. The Mechanical Establishment at Mangalore, in charge of Mr. B r a c k l e , trains young men in several branches of industrial w7ork. Among the articles manufactured at the establishment iron safes form the chief item. In the business year 1910 —11, 40 iron safes were sold, including 4 for the Bank of Madras. The workmanship and durability of the safes have been favourabty commented upon in the press. The earnings of the workmen wrere larger than in previous years. Mr. Brackle expresses himself satisfied with their w-ork and conduct. In connection with the establishment there is a night school wrhich is well attended. The daily morning 78

and evening prayers are not held in the workshop, as formerly, but in a room specially assigned for the purpose. Mr. S t ie r l in , the Manager of the Weaving Establishment at Mangalore, says:—“The past business year was one of anxiety and many vicissitudes, but the Lord has guided us through it all; and looking back upon it we have many reasons for thanksgiving. Orders were scarce for several months ; and so the services of a small number of weavers had to be dispensed with, to avoid the stock of fabrics assuming undue proportions. For the same reason the working hours had to be shortened. Similar condition prevailed in the Weaving Establishments at Cannanore and Calicut. Matters have, however, improved. Mr. Stierlin expresses himself satisfied with his staff and employees. The establishment lost several employees by death, including Andrea Shiri, who died at the age of 85. He was a table cloth weaver until some years ago, when he was pensioned. Another employee, E b e n e z e r Christian, died at the age of 35. “He was a quiet, modest, and God-fearing- young man, who is now privileged to see that which he believed.” On the 15th of August one of the clerks, Mr. M anuel A iran, a young man, died after a short illness. At his funeral the minister was able to testify of the deceased that he was a model for other young men ; he was punctual in attending divine ser­ vice and took a lively part in the Sunday School and Y. M. C. A. work as well as in the cause of Temperance, and was, at the same time, faithful in performing- his daily duties. Immediately before his last illness, when, probably, he had the germs of death in him, he completed an inventory of the establishment. “Thus,” concludes Mr. Stierlin, “we had many grievous experiences during the past year, but Ave also experienced the Lord’s help abundantly. To Him be glory and honour!” The Weaving Establishment at Calicut in charge of Mr. Lang, employs 663 persons including 620 Christian men and women. These are distributed over the several branches, as follows: — Office 22 clerks and office boys; Aveaving room 248 men and 177 women; dyeing room 13 men; tailoring room 67 men; embroidery 84 girls; carpentry in .connection Avith the establishment 9 men. 79

Competition on the part of European and Indian manufac­ turée is keenly felt, and in order to meet it adequately, the management intends to extend Jacquard weaving, which, how­ ever, involves great trouble and requires much patience, as the Indian weaver is averse to innovations. In addition to the ordinary textiles, coloured coir mats are manufactured ; they are strong and serviceable and take the place of carpets. The colours are prepared in the dyeing room of the establish­ ment. Another important department is the bleaching of linen, which is also effected in the dyeing room. Mr. Lang expresses himself satisfied with the staff and workmen. “Although,” he says, “direct missionary work may not always be practicable for the Manager, it is no small thing to train employees to acquire habits of order and punctuality and afford them opportunities for acquiring a sense of personal responsibility.” Owing to a decrease in orders the working' hours had to be shortened. The total output in textile fabrics amounted to 232,011 yards. The Tile Works at Puthiyara, in charge of Mr. S t u c k e r t , has had a prosperous business year. If business prospects in weaving establishments are at times doubtful, they are always bright in the case of tile factories. “There were so many orders,” Mr. Stuckert says, “that we had to make arrangements to effect a larger output than in former years.” Accordingly several new improvements were introduced. The establishment employs 85 Christian men, 60 Christian women, 6 inquirers, 95 Hindus, and 4 Mohammedans. All these workmen daily attend the morning prayers, and Mr. Stuckert is convinced that thereby many of them receive deep impressions of the truths of the Christian religion and the necessity of salvation. Mr. Stuckert was able to improve the condition of the work­ men in several ways; for instance, some of the workmen’s houses which were liable to be flooded during the rainy season, were razed to the ground, and new houses were erected on a higher and heal­ thier spot. As the compound in which these houses stand, does not contain good water, Mr. Stuckert has applied for permission to sink a well in a plot of land which belongs to Government. To procure good water for the workmen and their families is, of course, a matter of vital importance for the establishment. 80

Mr. Stuckert can give the staff and employees working under him the testimony that they have, on the whole, faithfully performed their duties, although sharp control and -discipline could not always be dispensed Avith. The Manager of our Mercantile Branch at Mercara, Mr. F o r r e r , reports on a business year marked by hard Avork, but also attended by success and progress. He cannot, in the nature of things, give employment to a great many Christians. But the work that is being done, helps to raise the cause of Christianity in the estimation of the public. Moreover, oppor­ tunities to exert a direct spiritual influence on Christians as Avell as Hindu friends occasionally presented themselves and have been made use of. Since for some years past, neither an -ordained missionary nor an Indian pastor has been stationed at Mercara, Mr. Forrer had also, as far as time would allow, to look ..after the Christian congregation. He also conducts a Sunday- School for Hindu children in the bazaar; the school is attended by 45 children and affords him the greatest pleasure.

V. MEDICAL WORK

The Basel Mission at present maintains tAVO hospitals, one .at Calicut, and the other at Bettigeri, South Mahratta. Connected Avith the former there is a L ep er Asylum at Chevayur, n ea r Calicut, a branch hospital at Codacal, and one at Vaniyankulam. A. new dispensary Avas established at Payyanur in North Malabar. The chief hospitals are managed by the doctors, while th e branch hospitals, under their supervision, are in charge of sub- a s s is ta n t surgeons. Dr. S to k e s, our medical missionary at Calicut, has fonvarded us a report on his work Avhich we are glad to publish in full.

The Medical Mission Avork in Malabar has made steady „progress during the year under report. By the beginning of the year Miss A. S t e p p e r joined our Avork as nursing Sister. She superintends the hospital work, .but as yet her time is chiefly occupied in acquiring the language. OUR SUB-ASSISTANT SURGEON AT HER WORK. 81

We are glad to state, that two young men, Messrs. R. H e r m o n a n d M. A m b a t , who completed their four years’ -course of medical training in Miraj by May 1911, were put in -charge of practical work. The former was appointed to the new dispensary at Payyanur, and the latter, to the hospital at Codacal. Mr. Ch a n d r a n , assistant at the Vaniyankulam hospital, was transferred to Galicut, and Mr. J o se p h took his place in Vani- yankularn. Thus all our hospitals and dispensaries are equipped with our own men. Miss K u n h il l a , sub-assistant surgeon trained in Ludhiana, is in special charge of the women’s ward, and we hope to develop especially the work amongst the women in the coming years. I cannot speak highly enough of the excellent training our Christian young men and women receive in the Mission Medical schools both in Miraj and Ludhiana. We have also opened up a new dispensary in Payyanur, where within a radius of 14 miles no medical aid is available. We hope to convert the dispensary into a hospital, as soon as the necessary funds are forthcoming, which, we trust will be within a year. The public have already collected a substantial sum and the leading landlord, Mr. N a y a n a r , has liberally helped us in this matter. Our Calicut hospital also greatly needs improvement and extension, and we are in a fortunate position to say, that our Home Committee have sanctioned a scheme for extending our present buildings. We are badly in want of adequate accommodation for women and are often overcrowded, three women with babies having to be put in a small room (12' X 14'). Our idea is to build a new double storied building exclusively for women. Our Medical Mission in India sustained a great loss by the death of Dr. S c h n e it e r , who had been out only two years. He first acted for me while I was on furlough, and then took charge of the Bettigeri hospital. His lamentable death by cholera, which he contracted while attending on a patient, cast a gloom on all who knew him. He was a most devoted mission­ ary, and his one object in life was to win souls for Christ. He remarked once that time was short, so he would make the best of his opportunities. It looks as if he knew that he wrould die li 8 2 early. God grant that another young doctor may soon fill the gap! Calicut Hospital, 12,388 patients were treated in the out-patient department,, the number of consultations being 35,000; there were also 337 in-patients. If we remember that all these patients heard the Word of God in some way or other, we cannot but hope that some of the seed sown will have fallen on good ground. The gratitude of many of our patients always encourages us in our work. An Arab sailor, who had been an in-patient suffering from tetanus, returned to us the next season in his sailing vessel and presented us with two boxes of dates, his face beaming all over, and said that his mother had been very glad to see him again. Half the ship’s crew accompanied him to the hospital where he had been treated and cured, and all had some ailments to be attended to. Many a poor patient puts something into the poor-box out of gratitude. Thus the old story in the temple repeats itself many a time. The number of patients according to class and sex were: — Europeans 2 Men 155 Mohammedans 14 Women 161 Hindus 133 Children 21 Christians 188 Plague having made its appearance quite in our neighbour­ hood, we learnt the value of systematic destruction of plague- rats, so that in a few weeks the epidemic had disappeared. It was only in a mild form and we were able to treat two cases successfully after incising and draining the buboes. In our small primitive women’s hospital with six beds we treated a good number of gynaecological cases and had forty confinement cases. We were able to perform three laparotomy operations, two for ovarian cystic tumours, and one for ex­ ploration for cancer uteri.

Leper Asylum, Chevayur. 77 lepers were clothed and fed during the year with 16,653 dieting days. We observe that the message of salvation in g>

83

Jesus Christ appeals especially to- these sufferers; their hearts are prepared through long suffering, and indeed, the Word of Christ, “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the King­ dom of Heaven”, applies in quite a special manner to these afflicted ones. We had the pleasure of receiving 12 lepers into the Church of God through baptism. Those who heard the testimony of these lepers were convinced of their sincerity. In fact the spirit of God worked in their hearts so deeply, that we could see the change in their outward lives. Their child­ like faith in a better and painless life gives them the courage to face death fearlessly. One of the lepers, Paul, after being an inmate for two years, was baptised according to his request. His sufferings were great and yet his death-bed was a triumph­ ant victory over the power of death. He suffered sometimes a great deal, and yet he could say, “I will gladly endure these sufferings, because soon I shall be in the presence of my Saviour, Jesus Christ.” When death was approaching he re­ quested his fellow sufferers to leave him alone with his God, as he wished to pray to his Heavenly Father. In this attitude of prayer he passed away to his eternal home. Two small isolation wards were built last year to accommod­ ate infectious cases. They are the gift of a generous lady in England. A dispensary will be added in the course of time. Our leper patients spent a happy Christmas, and are grateful for all the kindness shown by their many friends. We are also trying the inoculation treatment of “Leprolin” from the Bombay Bacteriological Institute. We hope to mention the result of our experiment in the next year’s report. In Codacal Mr. Ambat has been doing good work. His patients are mostly Christians who are working there in the Mission Tile Factory. Hindus, especially women, are still prejudic­ ed against us, and as a rule, seek our aid only when every­ thing else has failed. Vaniyankulam Hospital. Mr. Joseph took charge of this hospital in October 1911, where 10 years ago he had a good deal of work. But Vaniyankulam as a place has lost its import­ ance, and Ottapalam, 3 miles away, with a new Magistrate and Munsif’s court, has become a very important centre. The lead­ ing residents of Ottapalam have requested us to transfer our

11* 84 hospital to Ottapalam. We hope to comply with their request as soon as the sanction is granted. Payyanur. Our new branch dispensary has only been work­ ing for three months, and yet Mr. R. Hermon has a very encour­ aging daily attendance of 20 to 80 patients. Here also we hope soon to build a hospital. The local inhabitants have already collected a substantial sum, and as soon as the necessary amount has been collected, we shall begin to build. In conclusion, I wish to thank many friends who have help­ ed us to carry on this work with their donations and gifts.

VI. LITERARY WORK

Our Press at Mangalore, where Bibles, tracts, school-books, pamphlets, etc., are printed in Kanarese, Malayalam, Tulu, English, occasionally also in Sanskrit and German, had sufficient orders during the whole year under report. A list of the books printed is given below. The number of employees at the end of .the year was 75. Besides the presbyter Mr. Jacob Bhaskar, mentioned on p. 70, the Press lost another able compositor of very long standing, Mr. John Joseph, who died, after a short illness, on the 7th of November. He entered our service in January 1863 and was for many years employed in the job-work department. Three days later, on the 10th of November, his colleague in the same branch of work, Mr. Elisha Shiri, who worked in thé Press for 25 years, was, in the prime of life, called to his rest after a long suffering from stomachic complications. He was a quiet and modest young man and a faithful worker. Mr. H u b e r , who was in charge of the Press for nearly two years, during the absence of Mr. B e ie r b a c h , left us in Novem­ ber and returned to Switzerland. Mr. Beierbach, after the expiration of his leave, came out and resumed his post as Manager of the Press at the beginning of November. COLONNADE IN THE MAUSOLEUM OF IBRAHIM ROZA, BIJAPUR. 85

LIST OF BOOKS AND TRACTS inted from the 1st November 1910 to 31st October 19.

Description of BookB Size Copies

I. Kanarese.

a) Tracts and Bible portions.

1 Good W o r d s ...... Y III. Dy. 12° 116 3000 2 The story of an Actor and a Princess . Y. V 16° 16 3000 3 The story of the Saviour of the World IY. v 16° 24 3000 4 Bible Texts in Kanarese .... VII. 12° 54 6000 5 The Hindu Doctrine of Transmigration e x a m in e d ...... 16° ' 60 2000 6 The Evil of L aw su its ...... I. 12° 84 2000 7 Religion w eig h ed ...... I. 12° 74 2000 8 Doctor Shivadasa ...... n 12° 64 2000 9 The story of Yedamani, the stolen boy I. w 12° 96 2000 10 Thoughts about D eath ...... VI. 1» 16° 32 3000 11 Training of C h ild ren ...... I. Cr. 8° 86 1000 12 The last days of B oosy ...... II. Dy- 16° 112 2000 13 The Psalms 1- 54, draft translation . I. 8° 76 100 14 Kanarese Church Hymnal .... I. « 12 3 256 400

b) Schoolbooks.

15 Tables of C alculation ...... x . Dy- 16° 62 20,000 16 Kanarese P r im e r ...... XV. Cr. 8° 48 25,000 17 First Book of E u clid ...... VI. Dy- 12° 9.8 2000 18 The P r im e r ...... X. Cr, 8° 40 15,000 19 Kanarese Seventh Reader .... III. » 71 130 2000 20 „ History of India .... Y. » » 350 3000 21 Geography of the Madras Presidency . VI. „* 120 3000

22 Geography, Part I...... IV. V A 92 10,000 23 Kannada Balabodhe, Part I. VI. It » 62 50,000 24 Part II. . . . VII. 71 » 90 25,000 25 Kanarese First Book, Bombay series Y. „ » 90 40,000 25,000 2« „ Second „ „ „ V. V 112

27 „ Third „ „ „ * V 184 25,000 2000 28 Description of C o o r g ...... III. » tl 74 8000- 29 Easy Lessons in Indian History 1 VII. ■n » 180 8 6

a> fee D e s c r ip tio n o f B o o k s Size 03 Copies Ph Edition

c) Miscellaneous. - » 30 A Family Guide to Biochemistry II. Cr. 8° 152 1500 31 Vaidika Mitra, Vol. 2 ...... Dy- 8° 128 175 32 Kanarese Almanac pro 1912 V * 64 3600 33 Satyadipike pro 1910/ 11, a W eekly Paper ...... 4 ° 624 850

II. Malayalam. a) Tracts and Bible portions.

34 Scripture Sentences...... VII. »y- 12° 80 5000 35 The Sinners’ Friend ...... III. „„ 66 1000 36 A C a l l ...... IV. 16° 16 3000 37 Keep thy Tongue ...... II. « 20 3000 38 The Customs of the Ancestors . IV. „ 20 3000 39 Facts about Intoxicants...... I. v 12° 46 2000 40 The Ethical Ideal in the Bhagavadgita. I. 8° 48 300 41 Short Bible Stories . VIII. 12’ 176 10,000

42 Fear God ...... V. V 16° 14 3000

43 Should I become a Christian 1. v 12" 46 2000 44 The Gospel according to St. John, rev. version ...... S. Roy. 32° 126 20,000 45 The Gospel according to St. Matthew, rev. version n v n 148 20,000 46 Genesis, rev. version . . I. r»y- 16° 142 7500 The Little Hymn B ook ...... 47 I. VV 32 5000 b) Schoolbooks. 48 Tables of Calculation . . . . V. Dy- 16° 48 10,000 49 Malayalam Anthology, I. & II. Standard XV. Cr. 8° 12 10,000

50 H I. „ X. r> 16 10,000

51 v v IV. Standard X. „ 40 2500 52 The Primer ...... XI. n 40 10,000 53 Geography of the Madras Presidency . IX. n 132 5000 54 „ for III. Standard . IX. n n 88 5000 55 Malayalam First Reader .... XII. » 64 25,000 56 „ Second ...... VIII. ■ 80 20,000 57 Third ...... VII. 120 15,000 58 * Fourth ...... V. » 144 10,000 59 Fifth ...... IV. „ n 116 3000 •60 n Sixth ...... III. „ „ 126 3000 87

D e s c r ip t io n o f B o o k s Size Copies Pages Edition

61 History of India, Part I ...... II. Cr. 8° 120 3000

o) Miscellaneous. Q CO 62 Malayalam Almanac pro 1912 . 64 2000 *63 Balamitram, Vol. V...... * 4« 48 800 -64 Keralopakari, Vol. XXXVII. . . . 8° 384 525 «65 Guide to Sunday School Teachers, Yol. 11...... , 260 1365

III. Tulu.

/66 Bible Stories, Old and New Testament . II. Dy. 12° 382 2000 67 Hanna F a u st ...... I. » 16° 40 2000 68 Flattich’s Household Rules .... III. p n 56 1000

IV. Anglo-Vernacular.

■69 The English Primer, Anglo-Kanarese . VIII. Cr. 8° 48 15,000 70 n » n Anglo-Malayalam XIV. n Ti 48 15,000 71 „ „ Standard Reader, Anglo-Mal. VIII. n v 64 5000 72 Anglo-Kanarese Translation Series, Book II...... VII. Dy. 8° 142 4000

V. ** 129 o 73 English-Kanarese Dialogues 00 2000 74 Anglo-Malayalam King Reader I. . n n 64 3000

V. English.

75 Some Negro Songs sung by the Jubilee Singers of A m erica ...... Cr. 8° 28 3000 76 Calicut B. G-. M. College Magazine, Vol. I. Nos. 5 — 8 ...... Dy. 8° 64 300 77 Calicut B. G. M. College Calendar 1911/12 ...... n n 50 500 78 Seventy-first Report of the B. G. Ev. Mission pro 1 9 1 0 ...... « « 84 1300

VI. German. 79 Referate und Protokoll der Distrikt- Konferenz und Synode von Kanara . Dy. 8° 60 160 SO Vorlagen und Verhandlungen der 13. General-Konferenz 1910 . n v 380 160 8 8

We give below a brief account of the sales effected by the Book and Tract Depository from 1st July 1910 to 30th September 1911 {15 months).

I. Our own Publications.

Copies. Es. -À.8. p. 42,437 Kanarese Tracts and Religious Books 1,950 0 0 "3,467 Tulu „ „ „ 94 0 0- 36,500 Malayalam „ „ „ 1,350 0 0 72,758 Kanarese School-books 14,172 0 O 137,434 Malayalam „ 15,375 0 0 17,128 Bombay Government Books 3,513 0 0 70,496 Miscellaneous Books, Maps, Pictures, etc. 16,500 0 0

11. Other Publications. 5,947 Bibles and Bible Portions 552 0 0 175,000 about, Commission-Sale Books 29,296 0 0 Sundry English and Vernacular Books, Stationery, Globes, Models, Apparatus for Schools, etc., etc., to the value of 20,808 0 0

The Religious Tract Society in London has again been kind enough to come to our assistance with a free grant of 87 reams of double demy printing paper and about 9 reams of cover paper, and the National Bible Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, with a grant of ¿6 10 for our Bible Colporteur working in South Canara. To both Societies we tender our best thanks for their invaluable assistance and encouragement in this branch of our work. 89

CONCLUSION

Whilst asking our friends to excuse all shortcomings in this review of our work, we request them still more to join us in asking God’s forgiveness for all that we have done amiss, and for leaving undone those things which we ought to have done. May He pour down His Spirit upon His “unprofitable servants” (Luke 17, 10)! We thank Him for His manifold blessings and look up to Him for further guidance. May the grace which has led our fathers in their share of the work, sustain us and our successors, until the work assigned by our Heavenly King and Master to the Basel Mission in India, shall be finally accomplished! “India’s groves of palms so fair Shall resound with praise and prayer: Ceylon’s isle with joy shall sing, ‘Glory be to Christ, our King!’ North and South shall own Thy sway, East and West Thy voice obey; Crowns and Thrones before Thee fall, King of kings, and Lord of all!”

12 Subscriptions and Donations

towards the Mission Fund

Received during the year 1911

flSg“All sums received on or after the 1st January 1912 will be acknowl­ edged in the Report of 1912.

MANGALORE. Rs. As. p. Rs. As. p. M. Chisholm, Esq. 25 0 0 Consul Dr. Hey er 10 0 0 Dr. R. F. Hiley 15 0 0 H. E. Malirn, Esq. 50 0 0 Pery G. Tipping, Esq. 12 0 0 Hon’ble Carr 5 0 0 H. G. Grant, Esq. 12 0 0 A. II. Jackson, Esq. 12 0 0 Through Messrs. W arden d" Co., John Logan, Esq. 10 0 0 Bombay. O. B. Achard, Esq. 10 0 0 D. H. B. 2 0 0 E. M. Mahon, Esq. 6 0 0 E. P. 5 0 0 Henry I. Shaw, Esq. 5 0 0 R. U. H. 5 0 0 F. W. Gerrard, Esq. 5 0 0 H. R. Dunk, Esq. 5 0 0 W. Egerton, Esq. 5 0 0 P. N. M. 5 0 0 I. W. Finlayson, Esq. 5 0 0 D. H. Gr. 3 0 0 W. B. Green, Esq. 5 0 0 A. L. D. 5 0 0 Hampton Tippets, Esq. 5 0 0 A. O. B. 10 0 0 R. G. H. 3 0 0 S. 5 0 0 Messrs. Gaddam & Co., Ltd. 5 0 0 Towards the Mission. 2 0 0 G. A. J. 5 0 0 Mr. Nathanael Shatananda 2 0 0 Sunday Donations 19 14 0 „ Chinnappa Soans „ Zachaus Bhasker 1 0 0 HON AVAR. „ Francis Mathias 1 0 0 P. Haigh, Esq. 20 0 0 „ Manuel John 1 0 0 „ Zadocli Keerus 1 0 0 ANANDAPUR. „ Joseph Simeon 1 0 0 Towards the Orphanages. N. N. 0 14 6 G. Haller, Esq. 60 0 0 BETTIGERI. Mrs. Payne 30 0 0 N. N. 14 0 0 91

GULEDGUDD. Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. Hon’ble Mr. Hammick 10 0 0 H. Starte, Esq. 20 0 0 „ „ Woodhouse 10 0 0 N. N. 10 0 0 H. H. The Maharajah of For Plague-Palients. Mysore 10 0 0 W. B. Bannerman, Esq. 10 0 0 H. Starte, Esq. 30 0 0 L. K. 9 0 0 BIJAPUR. Mrs. Cupcutt 6 8 0 H. Starte, Esq., Asst. Collector 20 0 0 „ H. Holton 6 0 0 R. W illiams, Esq., W. R. Ramsliaw, Esq. 6 0 0 Executive Engineer 15 0 0 Sir E. Barrow 5 0 0 H. James, Esq., Engineer 5 0 0 C. M. Nash, Esq. 5 0 0 Mr. Shr. Kenchanagauda 1 0 0 A. M. Nash, Esq. 5 0 0 „ Vishvasappa Hippargi 1 0 0 Mrs. Ryan 5 0 0 „ Bhag. Alada 1 0 0 Rev. Ward 5 0 0 For Hospital. Miss C. F. Ling 5 0 0 „ B. Daniels 5 0 0 W. R. Brown, Esq., Collector 15 0 0 Mrs. Prince 4 8 0 F. Boyd, Esq., Judge 5 0 0 A. W. B. 4 4 0 F. A. Green, Esq., Police Supt. 12 0 0 A. E. Richter, Esq. 4 0 0 CALICUT. Miss Hammon 4 0 0 J. Christie, Esq. 5 0 0 H. R. Vaughan, Esq. 4 0 0 G. S. Sebastian, Esq. 0 0 PALGHAT. 4 A. Batters, Esq. 3 0 0 Mrs. Burnett-Burnett 2 0 0 L. E. Smith, Esq. 3 0 0 V. Dupen, Esq. 2 0 0 Mrs. Reed 3 14 0 Mrs. A. Dupen 1 0 0 M.W. P. &L. M. P.& A. H. P. 3 0 0 A. H. Davey, Esq. 5 0 0 C. G. Bishop, Esq. 3 0 0 Mrs. J. Dupen 10 0 0 A. W. Penn, Esq. 3 0 0 andin memory of Mrs. Tomlinson 5 0 0 Mrs. Hareman 3 0 0 KAITY (Ooty). Bub Curtis 2 12 0 Col. Stevenson 12 0 0 Mr. Vogel, Esq. 2 8 0 Miss Gell 15 0 0 Mrs. Thomas 2 8 0 Capt. F. Tyrell 13 0 0 Capt. Linn 2 8 0 L. Boesinger, Esq. 12 0 0 Mrs. Perkins o 4 0 G. Glassen, Esq. 12 0 0 „ Hurst 2 0 0 Col. Campbell 12 0 0 „ M. G. Stewart 2 0 0 Mrs. A. B. Elwes 12 0 0 W. B. Tinling, Esq. 2 0 0 „ C. E. Smith 12 0 0 Mrs. Heath 2 0 0 Miss Macdonald 12 0 0 C. A. Hare, Esq. 2 0 0 Rev. C. M. Bishop 12 0 0 G. Joy, Esq. 2 0 0 Mrs. Wilkins 11 0 0 C. A. Harrison, Esq. 2 0 0 „ A. Schnarre 11 0 0 C. M. W. 2 0 0 12* 92

Rb. As. P. Rs. As. p. R. W . Ch. 2 0 0 COONOOR. Mrs. Mum ford 1 8 0 Robert Stanes, Esq. 20 0 0 T. R. 1 8 0 Th. Eagan, Esq. 3 0 0 M. Daniel, Esq. 1 8 0 Mrs. Eagen 3 0 0 E. C. D. 1 4 0 "W". Corrol, Esq. 2 0 0 E. Kaminot, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. J. Hardfleld 1 0 0 COOLT MISSION, W. Marshall, Esq. 1 0 0 Benhope Estate 60 0 0 T. V. Higgins, Esq. 1 0 0 Robert Stanes, Esq. 20 0 0 E. Bardell, Esq. 1 0 0 Th. Brown, Esq. 5 0 0 Mr. D. Siromany 1 0 0 Glendale Estate 5 0 0 Miss Harms 1 0 0 Mrs. Begh 3 0 0 C. E. Topsell, Esq. 1 0 0 M. Hayne, Esq. 5 0 0 G. S. 1 0 0 M. Beaver, Esq. 1 0 0 C. W. H. 1 0 0 H. Dandison, Esq. 1 0 0 Erin, Esq. 1 0 0 M. W alshare, Esq. 1 0 0 KALHATTI. D. S. 1 0 0 John Liebenrood, Esq., towards R. P. Jackson, Esq. 1 0 0 the salary of Cat. I. Hans 147 ‘13 7 M. Nevell, Esq. 1 0 0 George Oakes, Esq. 13 0 0 S. G. Gonsalver, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. G. F. T. Oakes 10 0 0 G. R. James, Esq. 1 0 0 J. S. Nicolls, Esq. 10 0 0 M. Rolandson, Esq. 1 0 0 John MacKenzie, Esq. 9 0 0 Mrs. A. Chaplan 1 0 0 E. Hardy, Esq. 9 0 0 Mrs. Piers 1 0 0 A friend 2 8 0 Mrs. Lutter 1 0 0 E. E. Limonzin, Esq. 2 0 0 „ S. G. Spencer 1 0 0 C. B. Barkley, Esq. 1 0 0 , S. H. St. 1 0 0 A. H. Whittle, Esq. 1 0 0 S. w . 1 0 0 A. F. D ailey, Esq. 1 0 0 M. 1 0 0 M. C. N. 1 0 0 KOTAGIRI. A. A. 0 12 0 Frank W. Groves, Esq. 100 0 0 S. Stephens, Esq. 0 12 0 Union Hall Kotagiri, through H. R. 0 12 G Miss O’Hara 30 0 0 M. S. 0 8 0 Miss M. B. L. Cockburn 20 0 0 R. Philips, Esq. 0 8 0 Mrs. E. M. Cockburn 30 0 0 Mrs. G. F. Barber 0 8 0 In Memoriam G. H. C. 10 0 0 T. G. W. 0 8 0 D. J. D. Cockburn, Esq. 15 0 0 D. M. 0 8 0 Ladies Work Meeting, through S. 0 . 0 8 0 Mrs. Cockburn 180 0 0 D. J. T. 0 8 0 Mrs. Schmidt 15 0 0 A friend 0 4 0 Mrs. T. J. H ill, Kodanad 10. 0 0 93

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. p. In memoriam F. J. H. 15 0 0 Miss Dr. B. Nilsson 1 0 0 Miss F. J. Hill, Kodanad 5 0 0 Miss Dr. S. E. Monroe 1 0 0 W. Deane, Esq. 12 0 0 II. B. 1 0 0 Dr.W.R.D’Sylva Esq. for 1910 10 0 0 A friend 1 0 0 71 7> 7) 77 77 77 71 1911 10 0 0 K. S. _ 1 0 0 Mrs. Thomson 8 0 0 A friend 1 0 0 Oak Cottage 5 0 0 M. P. 1 0 0 C. A. B. 6 0 0 S. M. E. 1 0 0 A. Stevens, Esq. 5 0 0 Y. E. M. 1 0 0 Miss O’Hara, for 1910 10 0 0 H. W. E. 1 0 0 * » . n 1911 10 0 0 H. W. 1 0 0 Farlands, Esq. 5 0 0 A well-wisher 1 0 0 F. G. Leohler, Esq. 5 0 0 Brentwood, Esq. 1 0 0 R. N. C. Grove, Esq. 5 0 0 A well-wisher 1 0 0 F. Cockburnj Esq. 5 0 0 F. H. L. 1 0 0 T. Clarke, Esq., for 1910 5 0 0 Miss Grierson 1 0 0 run« 1911 5 00Miss A. E. Swain 1 0 0 J. B. Yernede, Esq. 3 0 0 0 . H. 1 0 0 Mrs. J. D. Johnston 3 0 0 Mrs. T. Dupen 1 0 0 0 . D. E. 2 0 0 E. S. 1 0 0 Rev. G. R. Ennis 2 0 0 Mrs. E. Griffin 1 0 0 Rev. J. Anderson 2 0 0 W. K. 1 0 0 Two friends 2 0 0 J. B. T. 1 0 0 Rev. S. Tanner 2 0 0 F. M. 1 0 0 Miss M. D. Rees 2 0 0 Miss A. Sherman 1 0 0 C. A. L. 2 0 0 H. D. 1 0 0 A friend 2 0 0 Mrs. Short 1 0 0 Mrs. Griffith 2 0 0 Mrs. F. W. K elly, for 1910 1 0 0 Miss Marjoriebanks 2 0 0 jj n n v ti 1911 1 0 0 Miss Norfor 2 0 0 G. L. P. 1 0 0 Mrs. H. S. Groves 2 0 0 Miss Haddock 1 0 0 U. P. Scott, Esq. 2 0 0 Miss Holloway' 1 0 0 Gore House 2 0 0

Donations from members of the congregation and other Indii m friends. MANGALORE. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Dr. Verghese 5 0 0 Messrs. L. Joshua & Sons 60 0 0 Hon’ble Mr. Subba Rao 4 0 0 Mr. P. Arnone 10 0 0 N. N. 1 0 0 94

Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. Towards Orphanages. Mr. H. Soens 4 0 Mr. Ramakrishna Rao 5 0 0 Mrs. Bh. Künders 0 0 Eb. Künders Towards Church-fund. Salomo Soens Messrs. E. & I. Peters 11 .0 0 Mr. Dasa Arons 0 0 Humble Bervant, Bombay 5 0 0 „ Assaph Arons 0 0 Mr. E. Muttu 5 0 0 „ H. Suchitta 0 0 Towards Poor-fund. v S. Kaunds 0 12 0 „ Theod. Karkada 2 0 0 Mr. Sam. Raju 10 0 0 „ W. Künders 0 0 , Ramakrishna 5 0 0 „ K. Annappaya 0 0 „ I. Peters 18 0 0 „ John Muliyil 0 0 MOOLKY. „ A. Karkada 4 0 Thanksoffering-box, M. B. 6 0 0 „ Pras. Soens 8 0 Orphanage „ 2 0 0 „ L. Soens 8 0 Weavers „ 1 0 0 „ S. Ammanna 8 0 N. N. 6 0 0 „ D. Suchitta 8 0 N. K. K. 4 0 For Girls’ Orphanage, „ A. Fernandez 8 0 Mr. G. Roberts 12 0 0 „ S. Malappa 0 0 „ D. Gangera 0 0 UDIPI. „ A. Karat 0 0 Mr. Peter Simon 1 0 0 * J. Bangera 0 0 „ Devaprasada Kunder 2 0 0 * B. Salins 8 0 „ Micha Shettyan 3 0 0 „ A. D. Airan 1 0 0 Donations toivards Togo. „ Lemuel Devadatta 1 0 0 Mr. and Mrs. Soens 10 0 0 „ Raphael Satyavrata 1 0 0 Mr. G. Roberts for chapel-fund 6 0 0 Rev. Gabriel Bangera 1 0 0 N. N. 5 0 0 PUTTUR. Mr. William Heri 1 0 0 N N. 0 8 0 KARKAL. N. N. 0 8 0 N. N. 3 0 0 ANANDAPUR. BASRUR. Mr. Nathanael Shatananda 2 0 0 Mr. Daniel Santwan 1 0 0 „ Francis Mathias 1 0 0 „ Manuel John 0 0 KASARAGOD. „ Chinnappa Soens 0 0 Dewan Bahadur A. Venkat- „ Zaohiius Bhasker 0 0 ramana Pai 4 0 0 „ Zadok Keerus 0 0 Mr. L. Fernandez 1 0 0 „ Joseph Simeon 0 0 „ J. Soens 1 0 0 Eggs for the Mission, value 0 14 6 95

Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. HONAYAR. Mr. R. Murnal 4 0 0- „ S. Parupatyakar Mr. Tippaya Karanayaka 5 0 0 10 0 0 „ Ch. Halli 2 0 0 fl Jason Challa 1 0 0 „ S. Havala 50 0 0 n David Watsa 1 0 0 7) Fred. Roberts 1 0 0 » Joseph Bangera 0 8 0 GULEDGTJDD. DHARWAR. Mr. Satya Gauda 1 0 0 N. JST. 2 2 0 „ Devapriya Arvattika 1 0 0 BETTIGERI. „ Nidhana Ramtal 1 0 0 Rev. Anandappa Roñada 1 0 0 „ Im. Adina 0 10 0 Mr. Chennappa TJttangi 1 0 0 „ Im. Chittur 1 0 0 „ Asheervadappa Jogina 1 0 0 * Devaputra Kanapur 2 0 0 „ Isaiah Soans 1 0 0 „ Gideon Gokavi 1 0 0 * Bhaskerappa Mathapati 1 0 0 n Nijaguna Banna 0 8 0 „ Amrutte Muradi 1 0 0 V Gabrielappa Mathapati 1 0 0 Thanksoffering from Am ruttaK .l 0 0 V Abrahamappa Medagopp ä. 1 0 •0 1 0 0 y, Balavantappa Halli 1 0 0 Donation from Amrutta K. Subhadri Karadiguddi 1 0 0 n Balavantappa Koneri 1 0 0 Maria Kushala 1 0 0 r John David 1 0 0 Sudanappa Ullagaddi 1 0 0 Marie Kabbalageri 0 8 0 Mr. Immanuel Gokavi 1 0 0 7Î Jeevappa Koneri 1 0 0 „ Hanoch Eden 1 0 0 V Sangappa Kodekailu 1 0 0 Rev. Devadana Katapur 10 0 0 Shantappa Nirmanika 1 i> 0 Mr. Ananda Banna 2 0 0 « Markappa Antina 1 0 0 8 0 Mrs . Jotevva Bellada 1 0 G „ Buddiwanta 0 1 0 0 Mr. Christian Chakkanna 1 0 0 Martha 1 0 0 Siddappa Mandoli 1 0 0 Mr. Salomo Koneri „ Abraham Jogula 1 0 0 » Basappa Hatikal 1 0 0 „ Lothappa 0 10 0 „ Tulasansa Kabadi 1 0 0 Ruthawa 0 4 0 Miss Tara Harigol 1 0 0 0 10 0 Mr. Bhiinappa Bannigol 1 0 0 Mr. Shri. Kenchanagauda Anandappa Kundrgy 1 0 0 » Anandappa Basapur 1 0 0 BIJAPUR. Babannyappa Kabadi I 0 0 Mr. Shreepata Kenchanagauda 1 0 0 Ernosa Kabadi 1 0 0 » „ Wishwasappa 1 0 0 1) Iyappa Vastrada 0 8 0 „ Bhag. Mada 1 0 0 „ Shantappa Andli 1 0 0 « Solomon Harigol 1 0 0 CANNANORE. HUBLI. Mrs. Malhar 1 0 0 Weavers’ Mission-box 15 5 10 Mr. S. Gundimi 5 2 0 N. N. 25 0 0 96

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. TELLICHERRY. Mr. James Yictor 1 0 0 „ Elias Muttoden 0 8 0 Part of first salary 6 0 0 „ Samuel Ambattu 4 0 0 Weavers 3 9 6 „ Alexander Padiath 0 8 0 -IN'. 4 15 0 „ Willy Martin 0 4 0 Mr. Sathyanathan 1 8 0 „ Satyavritan 0 8 0 _ Abraham Putolat 1 0 0 Mission-box 1 12 0 Etudents prayer-meeting 15 3 0 Several people 10 10 6 ■Special gift 0 8 0 Mr. Titus 0 4 0 YANIYANKULAM. „ James Amon 1 0 0 Several donors 8 4 0 -Special gift 1 0 0 7» * 0 6 0 PALGHAT. n n 0 4 0 Mr. P. Ramen, Sub-Judge 1 0 0 JFirst salary 0 8 0 „ G. Mantody 1 0 0 Weavers’ Mission-box 5 4 6 „ G. D. Manikkam 2 0 0

CHOMBALA. KAITY. Lydia Koddakal 1 0 0 Mr. Kaire Jogi Maistry 10 4 0 JEmilie Perimbam 2 8 0 „ Kola Mada Maistry 2 0 0 JMr. Theophil Koodakal 2 0 0 „ J. Kongan 3 0 0 .Lydia Padiath 1 0 0 „ Ramaswami Naidu 2 0 0 A friend from Tamarasherri 2 0 0 „ M. Kari 1 0 0 -urn Badagara 2 0 0 Rev. Yedamuttu 1 0 0 Mr. B. Ranga 1 0 0 CALICUT. „ Madia Maistry 1 0 0 Rev. Chandran 5 0 0 „ Chr. Paul 1 0 0 Mr. Kuryan, J. 2 0 0 „ S. Kari Gaudan 1 0 0 „ J. Mackaden 1 0 0 „ H. G. Belli Gaudan 1 0 0 ■Several donors. 4 0 0 „ P. K. Pathagaudan 1 0 0 „ Math. Pillay 1 0 0 MANJERI. „ I. S. Benjamin 1 0 0 Mr. Stephen Devadatlian 0 8 0 „ G. Samuel 1 0 0 "Mrs. 0 4 0 „ W. R. Paul 0 8 0 For Calicut Leper-Asylum : „ Kallo Maistry 0 8 0 •Offering from children’s service 2 10 6 „ Andigaudan 0 8 0 „ S. Sale 0 4 0 CODACAL. „ Ramabai 0 8 0 Mr. Isaac Amafctil 6 0 Ö „ Lingaya 0 4 0 Apothecary Ponani 1 0 0 Hr. Jacob Mandalankunnu 1 0 0 KALRATTI. „ Jakob Boas 1 0 0 Mr. I. David, Writer 6 0 0 „ Joseph Karutudodjil 0 8 0 „ Jcseph Jacob 2 0 0 97

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Mr. Mose Metta 1 8 0 Y. M. C. A. 2 0 0 „ Rajaratnam 1 0 0 Sunday School Children, „ Abraham Madia 1 0 0 Kuptikambai 1 10 8 „ John Philip 1 0 0 Mr. W illiam Hiria 1 0 0 „ Isaao Hans 1 0 0 M. M. S Gnanapragasam 1 0 0 „ Victor Karl 0 12 0 Mr. Calvin Mully 1 0 0 „ Devaputra 0 8 0 „ Joseph Belli 1 0 0 „ Nathanael 080 „ M. Kaleb 1 0 0 „ iBaac Nare 0 8 0 Master Nelson (son of Mr. D „ Mullan 0 8 0 Gnanapragasam) 1 0 0 Mr. Isaiah Ebenezer 0 8 0

KOTAGIRI. „ Christian Adsha 0 8 0 „ Joseph 0 8 0 Mr. Manasseh Bella 5 0 0 „ Samradsh 8 0 Sunday School Children, 0 „ Shanta 0 8 0 Mission Compound 3 14 3 Mrs. Maria Andrew 0 8 0 Mr. V. Gnanapragasam 3 0 0 „ Dewadasi Gnanapragasam 0 8 0 _ Samuel Thunradoo 3 0 0 „ Christina r 0 8 0 Girls’ Female Industrial School 2 14 0 Maistry Chewana 0 8 0 Mr. Daniel Bella, for 1910 2 0 0 Mr. Manuel Belli 0 4 0 r v v „ 1 9 1 1 2 0 0 „ Manasseh Joseph 0 2 0 „ R. P. Solomon 2 0 0 „ Bella Qowder 0 2 0 „ Matthew Daniel 2 0 0 Miss Kathrina Mully 2 0 0

E. & O. E.

Tellicherry, 31st December 1911.

3€. Diiihner, Treasurer.

13