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Complete Latin to English Glossary Complete Latin to English Glossary n this vocabulary, the numbers 1, 2, and 4 indicate for regular verbs the conjugation to which the verb belongs, and that their principal I parts are formed according to the patt erns of the model verbs laudō, moneō, and audiō, respectively; or, if the verb is deponent, according to the patt erns of hortor, vereor, and partior (see App. §73). Words in italics are explanatory and are not part of the defi nition. Words in square brackets are the root(s) from which a word is derived or another closely related word. Th e symbol • follows the last lett er of the base or stem of the word. To this base, subsequent syllables are added, e.g., abic•iō, -ere = abiciō, abicere or āc•er, -ris, -re = ācer, ācris, ācre. (NB: In Caesar’s day, nouns that ended in -ius and -ium regularly had a genitive -ī, rather than -iī, e.g., auxil•ium, -ī. For details, see App. §16, c.) A dagger † follows the entry for those words that appear both on the high frequency vocabulary list and in italics in the Latin text. Th is glossary is based closely on the vocabulary in the edition of A. T. Walker (see the Acknowledgments at the beginning of this volume for details). A. ab mīlibus passuum duōbus, ā (before consonants), ab (before two miles away; (4) with the vowels and some consonants), pass. voice oft en expressing agent abs (before tē, and in some (the person by whom the action compounds), prep. with abl., is performed), by; (5) variously originally denoting separation; (1) translated in other expressions, of place, persons, time, etc., from, from, by, in respect to, aft er. † away from, from the vicinity a. = ante adv., (1) before, above, of; (2) denoting position, in some previously; (2) prep. with acc., phrases, at, in, on, on the side before, in front of, in advance of. of; ā tergō, in the rear; (3) with A., abbr. for Aulus, a Roman expressions of measure, away, off ; praenomen. – 311 – © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. www.BOLCHAZY.com 312 Caesar De Bello Gallico abic•iō, -ere, abiēcī, abiectum translated in other relations, at, [iaciō, throw. App. §7], throw aft er, for, to, according to, in the away or down; hurl. eyes of, among. † abs, see ā. adāctus, see adigō. absum, abesse, āfuī, — [sum, be. ad•dō, -dere, -didī, -ditum [dō, App. §78], be away, be absent or put], place on, add. distant, be lacking or free from. ad•dūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, ac, see atque. † -ductum [dūcō, lead], lead ac•cēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessum to, draw to, bring to; induce, [ad + cēdō, go], approach, come infl uence. near to, arrive at, come to; to be adeō, adv., to such an extent, so added. much, so very, so; in fact. ac•cidō, -cidere, -cidī, — [ad + ad•eō, -īre, -iī, -itum [eō, go. cadō, fall], fall to or upon; befall; App. §84], go to, approach, visit, happen, fall to the lot of, occur. † assail, att ack. ac•cipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptum ad•fi ciō, -fi cere, -fēcī, -fectum [ad + capiō, take], take or [ad + faciō, do], aff ect, inspire; receive to oneself, accept; magnō dolōre affi cere, to experience, suff er; learn, hear, annoy greatly. take. † ad•fl īgō, -fl īgere, -fl īxī, -fl īctum, āc•er, -ris, -re, adj., sharp [App. strike against; overthrow; §36]. damage, injure. aci•ēs, -ēī (old gen. aciē), f., sharp ad•haereō, -haerēre, -haesī, point or edge of a weapon; sharp -haesum [haereō, stick], cling or keen sight, glance; a line (as to, stick to. forming an edge), batt le line; adhib•eō, -ēre, -uī, -itum prīma, the vanguard; media, [habeō, have], bring to, bring in, the center; novissima, the rear summon; employ, use. (guard). adhortor, 1 [hortor, encourage], ad, prep. with acc., originally encourage, incite. expressing motion toward: (1) ad•igō, -igere, -ēgī, -āctum [ad expressing motion , toward, + agō, move], drive or bring by against, to the vicinity of; (2) force, move; thrust, plunge, hurl expressing position, at, by, near; (of weapons); bind (by an oath). (3) expressing purpose, with the ad•ipīscor, -ipīscī, -eptus sum, gerund and gerundive, to, for (the att ain to, gain. purpose of); (4) with numbers, adit•us, -ūs, m. [adeō, go to], up to, about; (5) of time, up approach, means of approach, to, until; at, on; (6) variously right to approach, access. © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. www.BOLCHAZY.com Glossary 313 ad•iungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, advers•us, -a, -um, adv. [perf. -iūnctum [iungō, join], att ach, part. of advertō, turn to], turned join to, unite, add. to, turned against; opposite, adiūt•or, -ōris, m. [adiuvō, aid], fronting; adverse, unfavorable; helper, assistant, abett or. unsuccessful; adversō fl ūmine, adminis•ter, -trī, m. [minister, up the river; in adversum ōs, servant], att endant, priest. full in the face. administrō, 1 [minister, servant], advolō, 1 [volō, fl y], fl y to or serve, att end, wait upon; against, rush on or at. manage, guide. aedifi •cium, -cī, n. [aedifi ciō, ad•mitt ō, -mitt ere, -mīsī, build], building, house. -missum [mitt ō, send], admit; Aedu•us, -a, -um, adj., of the commit; incur; let go; give reins Aedui; as a noun: an Aeduan; pl. (to a horse). as a noun: the Aedui or Aeduans, admodum, adv. [modus, one of the most powerful Gallic measure], literally: up to the tribes. measure; very much, very; with ae•ger, -gra, -grum, adj., sick, ill. numbers, fully; with negative, at aes, aeris, n., copper; anything all. made of copper, coin, money; aes ad•olēscō, -olēre, -olēvī, aliēnum, someone else’s money: -ultum, grow up. debt. ad•orior, -orīrī, -ortus sum aes•tās, -ātis, f., summer. [orior, arise], rise against, aestimāti•ō, -ōnis, f. [aestimō, assail, att ack. value], valuation, appraisal. ad•scīscō, -scīscere, -scīvī, aest•us, -ūs, m., heat, boiling, -scītum [ad + scīscō, approve], surging, tide; minuente aestū, approve, admit or receive (as at ebb tide. allies). af•fi ciō, -fi cere, -fēcī, -fectum [ad adsum, adesse, adfuī [sum, be, + faciō, do], do to, treat, aff ect; App. §77], be near, be present, magnō dolōre affi cere, to be at hand, appear. annoy greatly. Aduātic•ī, -ōrum, m., a people in ag•er, -rī, m., fi eld, land; district, Belgic Gaul, the Aduatici. territory. † advent•us, -ūs, m. [veniō, aggregō, 1 [ad + grex, fl o c k ] unite come], arrival, approach, in a fl ock; assemble; join, att ach. coming. † agm•en, -inis, n. [agō, move], adversus, prep. with acc. a moving body; a marching [adversus, turned against], column; army; in agmine, on opposite to, against. the march; prīmum agmen, © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. www.BOLCHAZY.com 314 Caesar De Bello Gallico the vanguard (those in fr ont); aliter, adv. [alius, other], novissimum or extrēmum otherwise; aliter . ac, agmen, the rear (guard) (those otherwise . than. in back). ali•us, -a, -ud, gen. alīus (App. ag•ō, -ere, ēgī, actum, set in §32) another, other; alius . motion, drive (animals); move alius . , one . another . ; in forward, advance (military pl., some . others . † works); do, transact, carry on Allobrog•ēs, -um, m., the (business); discuss, speak; hold Allobroges, a Gallic people in (conventum, a meeting); give, the Roman Province. render (grātiās, thanks); plead Alp•ēs, -ium, f., Alps; the (causam, a case); quod agitur, mountains that separate northern the matt er in hand; rēs agitur, Italy fr om Germany and something is at stake. Transalpine Gaul. ala•cer, -cris, -cre, adj., lively, eager, alt•er, -era, -erum (App. §32), the active, ready, joyous, “fi red up.” other (of two); second; the one; alacri•tās, -ātis, f. [alacer, lively], alter . alter, the one . the enthusiasm, eagerness. other; alterī . alterī, the one Alesi•a, -ae, f., Alesia; main city party . the other. † of the Mandubii; now called altitūd•ō, -inis, f. [altus, high, Alise-Sainte-Reine. deep], height, depth; thickness aliās, adv. [alius, another], at (of timber). another place, elsewhere; at alt•us, -a, -um, adj., high, deep; n. another time; aliās . aliās, at as noun: the deep, the sea. one time . at another. ambact•us, -ī, m., vassal. aliēn•us, -a, -um, adj. [alius, Ambarr•ī, -ōrum, m., Ambarri; a other], of or belonging to tribe living to the east of the Arar another, another’s; strange, river. alien, unfamiliar; unfavorable; Ambior•īx, -īgis, m., Ambiorix, foreign to the purpose; aes king of the Eburones. † aliēnum, debt; aliēnissimī, amb•ō, -ae, -a, adj., both. complete strangers. āment•um, -ī, n., strap or thong, aliō, adv. [alius, other], to another fastened to the shaft of a javelin to place, person, or thing; elsewhere. aid its propulsion. ali•quis, -quid and ali•quī, amīciti•a, -ae, f. [amīcus, friend], -qua, -quod, indef. pron. [quis, friendship. who. App. §62, a], someone, amīc•us, -a, -um, adj. [amō, something; anyone, anything, love], friendly, well-disposed; any. † devoted. © Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. www.BOLCHAZY.com Glossary 315 amīc•us, -ī, m. [amō, love], friend, anim•us, -ī, m., mind, intellect; ally. feelings; character; spirit, soul; ā•mitt ō, -mitt ere, -mīsī, -missum resolution, courage; animī [mitt ō, send], send away, causā, for amusement; in dismiss; let go; lose. animō habēre, intend. amplē, adv. [amplus, large], largely; ann•us, -ī, m., year. † comp., amplius, more, farther. ante (1) adv., before, above, ampl•us, -a, um, adj., of large previously; (2) prep. with acc., extent, spacious, large; before, in front of, in advance illustrious, splendid, noble; of. † generous, magnifi cent; amplius, antecurs•or, -ōris, m. [currō, comparative as noun, more, run], forerunner; pl., vanguard. a greater number, a greater ante•ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum distance. [ferō, carry.
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