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OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Santa Lucia Santa Lucia La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. SEPTIEMBRE 2021 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Santa Lucia 1.1. Características generales Nombre oficial: Santa Lucía Superficie: 616 km² Población: 178,900 hab. (2019) Edad media de la población: 33,5 años Grupos étnicos: afrodescendientes 85,3%, mestizo 10,99% indios 2,2%, otros 1,6%. Capital: Castries. Es, además, la ciudad más grande donde reside más de un tercio de la población. Otras ciudades relativamente importantes son Soufrière, Mar Caribe donde se ubican algunos manantiales y emanaciones sulfurosas del volcán Qualibou y Vieux Fort, donde se ubica el aeropuerto internacional del Sur. Idiomas: Inglés (oficial). También se hablan el kweyol y algunas lenguas crio- Castries llas derivadas del francés en gran medida, como el criollo. Religión: católicos 61,5%, protestantes 25,5% (con una mayoría de adven- tistas del Séptimo Día, Baptistas y Anglicanos). Moneda: Dólar del Caribe Oriental (EC$) (Aprox. 3 EC = 1 €). Derniere Riviere Anse La Raye Forma de Gobierno: Reino de la Comunidad Británica de Naciones La isla de Santa Lucía está dividida en once distritos: Anse La Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufrière y Vieux Fort. Nº Residentes españoles: 8 residentes (21/072021). 1.2. Geografía Soufriere Estado insular de las Antillas Occidentales, Santa Lucía se encuentra a una distancia de 40 km al S de la Martinica, de la que está separada por el canal de Santa Lucía, y a 32 km al N de la isla de San Vicente, en el mar Caribe. Micoud La isla de Santa Lucía es de formación geológica volcánica, a semejanza de las restantes islas del Caribe sur. Contiene numerosas montañas densamente arboladas, que derivan de norte a sur y de las que nacen innumerables arroyos que descienden hasta los fértiles valles. La máxima altura es el monte Gieme, Choised de 959 m, y en la región suroeste hay dos picos volcánicos, el Gros Piton, de 799 m y el Petit Piton, de 750 m, flanqueando la bahía. Cerca de la ciudad de Océano Atlántico Soufrière, al suroeste, se encuentra el volcán Qualibou, cuya última erupción Vieux Fort tuvo lugar en 1766, pero mantiene solfataras, manantiales de agua sulfurosa hirviente que emiten vapores y gases. © Ocina de Información Diplomática. Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas ocialmente. 2 FICHA PAÍS SANTA LUCIA 1.3. Indicadores sociales El Poder Judicial está encabezado por la Suprema Corte del Caribe Oriental, cuya jurisdicción se extiende no sólo a Santa Lucía sino a Anguila, Antigua y IDH (Valor numérico/nº orden mundial) (2019): 0.745 / 89 Barbuda, las Islas Vírgenes Británicas, Dominica, Granada, Montserrat, San Esperanza de vida al nacer: 76,1 Cristóbal y Nieves y San Vicente y las Granadinas. Índice de GINI: 51,2 (2016). Densidad poblacional: 260 hab/km² Los principales partidos políticos son el Partido Laborista de Santa Lucía Población urbana: 28% (“Saint Lucia Labour Party”) y el Partido Unido de los Trabajadores (“United Índice de pobreza (% de población con menos de 1,25 $/día): 20,93 Workers Party” / UWP). Alfabetización: 67% En las últimas elecciones generales de 26 de julio de 2021 el SLP se impu- 1.4. Estructura del Producto Interior Bruto. 2019 so holgadamente al UWP, partido que venía gobernando Santa Lucía desde 2016 bajo el liderazgo del exprimer ministro Allan Chastanet. Agricultura 2,7 Industria 16,8 El SLP liderado por el diputado Phillip J. Pierre obtuvo 13 de los 17 escaños Servicios 80,5 en juego. Por su parte, el UWP únicamente sumó dos escaños, quedando los dos restantes en manos de candidatos independientes, ambos ex miembros 1.5. Coyuntura económica del UWP. DATOS ECONÓMICOS 2017 2018 2019 2020 Con todo, a pesar de la gruesa derrota en términos de escaños, el voto po- PIB p/cápita $ (corrientes) 11.275 11.561 11.803 9.351 pular no ha castigado de modo tan notorio al UWP, que habría logrado cerca PIB absoluto (M$ corrientes) 2.000 2.070 2.120 1.690 del 43% del mismo frente al 50% del SLP. La participación ha sido baja, del Evolución PIB (%) 7,18 3,35 2,71 -20,26 51%, si bien en línea con anteriores comicios. IPC 0,1 2,4 0,5 -1,8 Exportaciones bienes (M$) 141 116 97 n.d. Relación de Gobierno Importaciones bienes (M$) 663 672 623 n.d. IED recibida (M$) 37 40 nd nd Jefa del Estado: Reina Isabel II, representada por el gobernador Sir Neville IED emitida (M$) 37 55 Nd Nd Cenac (12 enero 2018). Reservas, exc. Oro (M$) 321,8 285,8 294,4 231 Primer Ministro: Sr. Philip J. Pierre Deuda Externa Ministro de Finanzas, Desarrollo Económico y Economía Juvenil: Sr. Phiilip (M$) 1.207 1.247 1.301 1.449 J. Pierre Fuentes: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/lca/ Ministro de Turismo, Inversiones, Industrias Creativas, Cultura e Informa- https://knoema.es/atlas/Santa-Luc%C3%ADa ción: Dr. Ernest Hilaire Ministro de Educación, Desarrollo Sostenible, Innovación, Ciencia y forma- 1.6. Distribución del comercio por países. 2019 ción tecnológica y profesional: Sr. Shawn Edward Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores, Comercio Internacional, Aviación Civil y IMPORTACIONES % Asuntos de la Diáspora: Sr. Alva Baptiste Colombia 872 mill USD. Ministro de Sanidad, Bienestar Tercera Edad: Sr. Moses Jn Baptiste EEUU 564 mill USD. Ministro de Desarrollo juvenil y Deportes: Sr. Kenson Casimir Brasil 95,2 mill USD. Ministro de Igualdad, Justicia Social y Empoderamiento: Sr. Joachim Henry Rusia 31 mill USD. Ministra de Comercio, Manufacturas, Desarrollo de negocios, Cooperativas y China 33,1 mill USD. Consumidores: Sra. Emma Hippolyte Ministro de Infraestructuras, Puertos, Transporte, Desarrollo y renovación ur- EXPORTACIONES % bano: Sr. Stephenson King EEUU 36,4 Mill USD Ministra de Función Pública, Interior, Trabajo y Asuntos de Género: Dra. Uruguay 19,8 Mill USD. Virginia Albert-Poyotte Trinidad y Tobago 8,07 mill USD. Senadora y secretaria parlamentaria en el Ministerio de Educación Desarrollo Reino Unido 8,01 mill USD. Sostenible, Innovación Ciencia, Formación Tecnológica y Vocacional: Dra. Dominica 7,13 mill USD. Pauline Antoine-Prospere Ministro de Agricultura, Pesca, Seguridad Alimentaria y Desarrollo Rural: Sr. Alfred Prospere 2. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA Ministro en la Oficina del PM con responsabilidad sobre Vivienda y Desarrollo Local: Sr. Richard Frederick 2.1 Política interior Ministro en el Ministerio de Finanzas, Desarrollo Económico y Economía Ju- venil: Sr. Wayne Girard Santa Lucía es un país independiente desde 1979, pero mantiene a la Reina Isa- bel II como su soberana y Jefe de Estado, quien a su vez designa a un Gobernador Biografías General para desempeñar las labores que le corresponderían al Jefe del Estado, de carácter meramente simbólico. El jefe del Gobierno es el Primer Ministro, pertene- Gobernador general. Sr. Neville Cenac ciente al partido que más votos obtiene en las elecciones legislativas. Nació el 24 de noviembre de 1939 y nombrado el séptimo gobernador Gene- El Parlamente es bicameral y consiste en una cámara baja con 17 miembros ral de Santa Lucía en enero de 2018. electos (uno por cada una de las 17 circunscripciones en las que se divide el país) para un período de 5 años y un Senado de 11 integrantes, todos nom- Antes de asumir este cargo, se había dedicado a la política, ejerciendo como brados por el Gobernador General de acuerdo con la propuesta de los partidos ministro de Asuntos Exteriores entre 1987 y 1992. más representativos de la sociedad. 3 FICHA PAÍS SANTA LUCIA Fue presidente del Senado entre 1993 y 1997. Primer ministro, ministro de Finanzas, Desarrollo Económico y Economía Sin embargo, la caída repentina de llegadas de turista desde marzo de 2020 Juvenil: Sr. Philip J. Pierre como consecuencia de la pandemia está afectando muy seriamente a este país, cuyos indicadores macroeconómicos se han deteriorado extremadamen- Nacido el 19 de septiembre de 1954 en Castries, te. En el caso del PIB, la caída ha superado el 20%. Veterano político santalucense que forma parte del SLP desde 1985. Se prevé una tímida recuperación en 2021, del 3%, y un salto cualitativo en 2022, superando el 10. Sin embargo, las autoridades han publicado que los Diplomado (Bachelor of Arts) en Economía, posee un MBA por la Universidad datos de turistas de EEUU en mayo de 2021 son ya un 81% menos de los de las Indias Orientales (UWI). Los primeros años de su carrera los dedicó al que visitaron la isla en 2019. sector financiero, hasta 1985. Entre 1985 a 1994 fue director de Investiga- ción Nacional y Desarrollo del Gobierno de Santa Lucía. Entre 1990 y 1997 2.2 Política exterior tuvo también su propia empresa de consultoría. Santa Lucía es Estado miembro de las Naciones Unidas, de la Organización Desde 1997 es diputado por la circunscripción de Castries East, escaño de Estados Americanos/OEA, de la Comunidad Británica de Naciones, de la que ha validado en las últimas 6 elecciones. Bajo el gobierno del exprimer Comunidad del Caribe/CARICOM, y de la Organización de Estados del Caribe ministro Kenny Anthony fue ministro de Turismo, Aviación Civil y Finanzas, Oriental/OECO. Asimismo, mantiene estrechas relaciones con los países con entre los años 1997 y 2000. Más tarde, entre 2011 y 2016 fue Viceprimer mayor presencia en el Caribe, como Venezuela, Brasil, Cuba, Estados Unidos, ministro y ministro de Infraestructura, Servicios Portuarios y Transportes.
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  • US Policy and Issues in the 116Th Congress

    US Policy and Issues in the 116Th Congress

    Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy and Issues in the 116th Congress Mark P. Sullivan, Coordinator Specialist in Latin American Affairs June S. Beittel Analyst in Latin American Affairs Nese F. DeBruyne Senior Research Librarian Peter J. Meyer Specialist in Latin American Affairs Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs M. Angeles Villarreal Specialist in International Trade and Finance March 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R46258 SUMMARY R46258 Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy March 6, 2020 and Issues in the 116th Congress Mark P. Sullivan, The United States maintains strong linkages with neighboring Latin America and the Caribbean Coordinator based on geographic proximity and diverse U.S. interests, including economic, political, and Specialist in Latin security concerns. The United States is a major trading partner and source of foreign investment American Affairs for many countries in the region, with free-trade agreements enhancing economic linkages with [email protected] 11 countries. The region is a large source of U.S. immigration, both legal and illegal; proximity June S. Beittel and economic and security conditions are major factors driving migration. Curbing the flow of Analyst in Latin American illicit drugs has been a key component of U.S. relations with the region for more than four Affairs decades and currently involves close security cooperation with Mexico, Central America, and the [email protected] Caribbean. U.S. support for democracy and human rights in the region has been long-standing, with particular current focus on Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela.