Computer Animation CPSC

Computer Animation INF2050

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Movie Production, Animation, Special Effects

http://www.motionanalysis.com/applications/animation/games/gallery.html

http://www.mantismotion.com/samples.html

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Low level techniques

Shape interpolation (in-betweening) Have to know what you want

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén High level techniques

Generate motion with set of rules or constraints Physically based motion

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~job/Projects/SoundGen/video.html

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Perception of Animations

Visual perception Playback rate Sampling or update rate

TV: 30 images/second, film:24, computers: 60 Sat Morning Cartoons: 6 different images per second Each image repeated five times

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Motion Blur Every bit of light persists in our vision for a while---fast moving objects leave a blurred streak Similarly, film/video cameras leave shutter open for a while Moving objects blurred from position at start of shutter time to position at end Without motion blur (or tricks to simulate it) get strobing effect

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Resources

Milestones of the animation industry in the 20th Century http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.10/4.10pages/cohen milestones.php3 http://www.fact- index.com/a/an/animation.html#History%20of% 20Animation Brief History of NYIT Computer Graphics Lab http://www- 2.cs.cmu.edu/~ph/nyit/masson/nyit.html

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Early animation Gertie (1914) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY40DHs9vc4 Felix (1924) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-WXe_i14eY Steamboat Willie (1928) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEEaT_UQnVM

Betty Boop (1930s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaZOXF83zBg

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Character Animation

Control motion of articulated limbs Skeletal-muscle-skin models Facial animation Representation and Animation of surface detail Hair Clothes

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Utah CG History

http://silicon-valley.siggraph.org/text/MeetingNotes/Utah.html

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Notes

Please find and read: John Lasseter, “Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D animation”, SIGGRAPH’87 For SIGGRAPH papers, find on the ACM Digital Library, www.acm.org/dl (accessible from a UBC computer) Summarized in text, section 1.2.6 (pp. 10- 12) And for your interest, check out rest of chapter 1 on history, how production works, etc.

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Other Media Animation

Computer animation is often compared to stop motion animation Puppet animation Willis O’Brian (King Kong) Ray Harryhausen (Might joe Yong, Jason and the Argonauts)

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Other Media Animation

Claymation Pinhead animation Sand animation Physical object is manipulated, image captured, repeat

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Short History of Computer Animation

In Research labs NYIT

Still frame from Gumby animation by Hank Grebe and Dick Lundin, 1984.

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Resources (on history)

Timeline from Brown Animation class Animation Timeline

America’s Story http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi- bin/page.cgi/sh/animation/blcktn_2

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén In Research Labs

University of Utah Films on walking and talking figure Animated hand and animated face (1972)

University of Pennsylvania Human figure animation (Norm Badler) Cornell University architectural walk-throughs (Don Greenberg)

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén History of Computer Animation

1974: Hunger by Rene Jodoin and Peter Foldes 2.5D system, object interpolation

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Current activity Centers

University of Toronto's Computer Science Department Simon-Fraser University's Graphics and Mulitmedia Research Lab Georgia Tech's Graphics Visualization and Usability Center Brown Computer Graphics Group Ohio State University's ACCAD Ohio State University's Department of Computer and Information Science George Washington University Graphics Group UC San Diego's Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of North Carolina's Computer Science Department MIT's Media Lab MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science University of Wisconsin at Madison

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Current Companies

Pixar Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) Pacific Data Images (PDI) Disney Xaos Rhythm & Hues Digital Domain Lamb & Company Metrolight Studios Boss Film Studios deGraf/Wahrman R/Greenberg Associates Blue Sky Productions Sony Pictures Cinesite Imageworks Apple…. .

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Early computer animation

Luxo (1986) - nominated for Academy Award Technological Threat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9i4pbr5qSc Knick Knack http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcH08L8k3NU Gery Game http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W157hQH2DJY won

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Early CG in film

Future World (1976) Star Wars (1977) Lawnmower man (1992, Xaos, Angel Studios) Hollywood’s view of VR Tron (1982, MAGI) Supposed to look like a computer The Last Starfighter (1984) Use CG in place of models Willow (1988, ILM) Morphing video First digital blue screen matte extraction Howard the Duck (1986, ILM) First wire removal The Abyss (1989, ILM)

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén More early CG in film

Jurassic Park (1993, ILM) Forest Gump (1994, Digital Domain) Insert CG ping pong ball Babe (1995, Rhythm & Hues) Move mouths of animals & fill in background Toy Story (1995, Pixar & Disney) First full length fully CG 3D animation

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Animation comes of Age

Jumanji http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9_9KwFMIzI&feature=related Final Fantasy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek9EnsyD3_o The golden Compas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vcj59BsSqBQ

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén Early CG on TV

Reboot (1995, Limelight Ltd. BLT Productions) Similar intention of “inside computer” First fully 3D Sat. morning cartoon Babylon 5 (1995) Routinely used CG models as regular features Simpsons (1995 PDI)

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén An interesting link on visual perception: http://psych.hanover.edu/KRANTZ/tutor.html#Cog nitive%20Psychology Animation of visual perception of the human face http://www.learning- systems.ch/multimedia/vis_e01.htm Article on motion http://www.settheory.com/Glass_paper/Kanizsa_ob servations.html

INSTITUTT FOR INFORMATIKK INF2050, februar 5, 2008 Alma Leora Culén