A Year in Review: Trends of 2011 Skyscraper Completion Reaches New High for Fifth Year Running
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Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat CTBUH Contact: S.R. Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology Nathaniel Hollister 3360 South State Street [email protected] Chicago, IL 60616, USA P: 1 (312) 567-3429 A Year in Review: Trends of 2011 Skyscraper Completion Reaches New High for Fifth Year Running Chicago January 18, 2012 In January of each year, CTBUH publishes a review of tall building construction and statistics from the previous year. The annual story is becoming a familiar one: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and now 2011 have each sequentially broke the record for the most 200 meter or higher buildings completed in a given year. Once again, more 200 m+ buildings were completed in 2011 than in any year previous, with a total of 88 projects opening their doors. Shenzhen’s Kingkey 100, at 442 meters, tops the 2011 list. Looking to the future, it is now foreseeable – even through the end of the decade. This hold. Now however, due in large part to the indeed likely – that the recent trend of an represents a change in recent predictions. It continuing high activity of skyscraper design annual increase in building completions will had been expected that skyscraper and construction in China, as well as the continue for the next several years, perhaps completions would drop off very sharply after development of several relatively new 2011, as a result of the 2008 global financial markets, this global dip is no longer expected. crisis and the large number of projects put on The effect this will have on the skylines of the 03. 23 Marina, Dubai 393 m/1,289 ft world will be tremendous. 07. Wenzhou Trade Center, Wenzhou 322 m/1,056 ft 01. Kingkey 100, Shenzhen 442 m/1,449 ft 11. Khalid Al Attar Tower 2, Dubai 294 m/965 ft 02. Al Hamra Firdous Tower, Kuwait City 413 m/1,354 ft 17. Nantong Zhongnan International Plaza, Nantong 273 m/897 ft 06. Longxi International 13. Trump Ocean Club International 15. Marina Pinnacle, 284 m/932 ft Dubai 280 m/919 ft 04. Tianjin Global Hotel, Jiangyin Hotel & Tower, Panama City 328 m/1,076 ft Financial Center, Tianjin 337 m/1,105 ft 10. Doosan Haeundae We’ve the 09. Northeast Asia Zenith Tower A, Busan 301 m/988 ft Trade Tower, Incheon 305 m/1,001 ft 12. Doosan Haeundae We’ve the Zenith Tower B, Busan 282 m/924 ft Figure 1. The tallest 20 buildings completed in 2011, 10 of which, for the first time in history, are supertalls. © CTBUH CTBUH Press Release | January 18, 2012 A Year in Review: Trends of 2011 | 1 100 100 100 100 6 5 3 4 21 24 3 3 3 5 8 12 14 15 5 3 5 99 98 4 5 6 98 9 4 3 3 10 9 9 4 96 96 97 22 3 31 35 92 10 12 6 6 4 3 12 92 4 90 32 88 88 89 89 3 3 37 87 87 87 85 23 31 80 80 80 81 80 3 12 3 43 46 19 69 60 60 6 60 43 21 41 57 4 55 50 50 40 40 40 39 30 26 20 20 20 21 20 0 0 0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011 North America South America Australia Africa Office Mixed-use Steel Composite Unknown Central America Asia Europe Middle East Hotel Residential Concrete Mixed Figure 2. Tallest 100 Buildings by location © CTBUH Figure 3. Tallest 100 Buildings by function © CTBUH Figure 4. Tallest 100 Buildings by structural material © CTBUH Continuing Shifts location, Asia, now with 46 of the 100, dominant North American market see a The buildings completed in 2011 have continues to edge toward containing half of resurgence? Or are there other, unrealized effected a significant change in the world’s the world’s tallest buildings. The Middle East markets that are yet to discover the benefits tallest 100 buildings, with 17 new buildings region saw an increase of three, while Europe of building tall? Given the tremendous added to the list. This change continues the diminished to only one building in the tallest skyscraper activity taking place in countries trends of recent years (see Figures 2–5). 100: Capital City Moscow Tower. such as China, it can be easy to miss the Perhaps most significantly, for the first time in smaller markets where, nonetheless, history the number of office buildings in the Dominant and Emerging Markets significant tall construction is happening. tallest 100 has diminished to the 50% mark, as It is interesting to examine where the The eighty-eight 200 m+ projects completed mixed-use buildings continue to increase, predicted continued increase in tall building in 2011 (the tallest 20 of which are profiled in jumping from 23 to 31. As recently as the year activity will take place. Will the already- Figure 1) provide a helpful insight into where 2000, 85% of the world’s tallest were office remarkable Chinese market continue to this expected increase in international buildings – meaning that a 35% change has expand exponentially and further dominate building development will take place. On the occurred in just over a decade. In terms of the skyscraper typology? Will the once- one hand, statistics show that several of the major markets in recent years continue to 05. The Torch, Dubai 337 m/1,105 ft thrive – and drive a significant percentage of 12. Haeundae I Park 19. Haeundae I Park 08. Etihad Towers 2, Abu Dhabi 305 m/1,002 ft the tall building market. China and the UAE Marina Tower 2, Marina Tower 1, Busan 278 m/911 ft Busan 292 m/958 ft 273 m/895 ft 16. Etihad Towers 1, Abu Dhabi contain a total of 39 of the projects – over 273 m/896 ft 08. Lvjing Tower, Shenzhen 44% of the world’s completions in 2011. 20. Nation Towers Residential Lofts, Abu Dhabi 268 m/879 ft However, several cities, not previously seen as centers of tall building construction, are quite evident in this group of projects. In fact, the three cities to complete the most 200 m+ buildings in 2011 are all relative newcomers to the list: Panama City (10 completions), Abu Dhabi (9 completions), and Busan (9 completions). Before 2011, these cities had a combined total of six 200 m+ buildings. Together, they now contain 34 such buildings and accounted for 32% of completions in 2011, surpassing traditional tall building centers such as Dubai, Shanghai, and Singapore. China When discussing skyscraper completion, it is impossible to neglect the market of China, which contributed 23 completions in 2011. 2 | A Year in Review: Trends of 2011 CTBUH Press Release | January 18, 2012 Figure 5. Shenzhen’s Kingkey 100: the 38-meter sky garden at the top of the tower © TFP Farrells Figure 6. Dubai’s 23 Marina, the world’s tallest residential building © Hircon International However, quite surprisingly given the region’s Dubai America. With these completions, there are impressive market, we have seen China’s Another significant existing market is the city now 12 such buildings in Panama, perhaps global percentage of building completions of Dubai, which added six 200 m+ buildings signaling a new day for the tall building in this begin to drop off slightly. In 2009, China in 2011. It is helpful to recall that, just a decade region. contained 45% of the buildings completed ago, the entire UAE contained a total of only One of these buildings, the Trump Ocean and 33% in 2010. In 2011, China contained three 200 m+ buildings. It now contains 60 Club International Hotel & Tower, became the only 26% of the global total of 200 m+ such buildings, behind only China and the tallest building in Central America when it completions. This decreasing figure USA. Within ten years, the country has completed in 2011 at 284 meters (932 feet) in demonstrates that, despite the continued established itself as a center of tall building height. Additionally, there are another eight increase in building construction in China and construction, and has completed more 200 buildings currently under construction and relatively tame historical markets, other new m+ buildings than any other country except set for completion by the end of 2012, an markets are immerging. China in the past two years. impressive figure for a country of only 3.5 Shenzhen’s Kingkey 100, at 442 meters (1,449 In 2011, Dubai’s 23 Marina became the world’s million inhabitants. While these numbers are feet), was the tallest to complete in 2011, tallest residential building, at 393 meters easily dwarfed by the immense number of opening in December. The 100-story building (1,289 feet). Coincidentally, the building sits completions in China or other major tall is topped by a 38-meter (125-foot) sky garden near both The Torch (the previous world’s building markets, they point to an immerging which serves as the lobby of the building’s tallest residential for a short time) and the tall building market. Panama is not the only hotel and contains three levels of restaurants/ under construction Princess Tower (set to emerging market in this region: Mexico also bars. Also completed in 2011 was the Longxi become the world’s tallest in 2012), making completed its third 200 m+ building in 2011 International Hotel, located near the Chinese the Dubai Marina the tallest residential and currently has three other significant tall village of Huaxi.