DOCSLIB.ORG

Scope for Growth of the Estuarine Mysid Neomysis Integer (Peracarida: Mysidacea): Effects of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scope for Growth of the Estuarine Mysid Neomysis Integer (Peracarida: Mysidacea): Effects of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published December 30 Mar Ecol Prog Ser / Scope for growth of the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer (Peracarida: Mysidacea): effects of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos 'Plymouth Environmental Research Centre (Department of Biological Sciences), University of Plymouth. Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom 'Centre for Coastal and Marine Sciences, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place. West Hoe. Plymouth, Devon PLl 3DH, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: Myslds (Peracanda: Mysldacea) are standard test organisnls used routinely in acute tests to evaluate the comparative toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms. The criticism of such lethal mea- surements for ecosystem monitoring has resulted in a clear need for sub-lethal tests that enable a more comprehensive understanding of the potential lmpacts of toxicants on natural populations Neomysis integer, the dominant mysid of the upper reaches of European estuaries, has relatively low 96 h LCS0 values for pesticides and trace metals, and is under investigation as a suitable species for monitonng the pollution status of European estuaries In thls paper, the effects of environmentally realistic con- centratlons of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos on some basic physiological processes of N. Integer are evaluated as potential end points for Indicators of environn~entalpollution Oxygen con- sumption, egestion rate (used as a measure of fcc:llng rate) and scope lor growth (an integrated mea- sure of the overall physiological status of an organism) werc. significantly affected by chlorpyrifos expo- sure. In contrast, absorption efficiency was unaffected by pesticide exposure. Chlorpyrifos effects were most pronounced following short (i.e. 48 h) compared with longer exposure periods (e.g 168 h). Increased oxygen consumption was the most sensitive toxicity test end point for detecting chlorpyrifos exposure, however, this response may not apply to all toxlcants. Reduced scope for growth and eges- tion rate are considered more representatwe of the effects of chlorpyrifos on natural mysid populations, but were only affected significantly at near-lethal exposure concentrations. All 3 responses were affected at concentrations lower than those currently acceptable by European Community legislation for potable waters KEY WORDS: Neomysjs integer - Sub-lethal testing . Chlorpyrifos . Organophosphate pesticide INTRODUCTION environmental impact Several physiological re- sponses have been used to quantify the sub-lethal Acute, lethal toxicity tests provide useful data on the effects of contaminants on crustaceans. These include comparative toxicity of chemical contaminants to respiration (e.g.Gaudy et al. 1991),feeding (e.g.Crane aquatic b~otabut are of limited value for environmen- & Maltby 1991),excretion (e.g.McKenney & Matthews tal management, part~cularlywhen the LCS0values are 1990) and reproduction (e.g. McKenney & Celestial higher than the toxicant concentrations measured in 1996). In addition, 2 or more of these individual the natural environment. Consequently, there is an responses may be combined into a single, integrated increasing need to develop tests which measure sub- bioassay such as 'scope for growth' (SFG) which pro- lethal responses to toxicants at environmentally realis- vides a rapid, instantaneous measurement of the tic concentrations and which may be used to predict energy status of an organism (Widdows 1993).To date, there have been few attempts to compare different physiological responses of the same specles to deter- O Inter-Research 1999 Resale of full art~clenot permitted 234 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 191: 233-241, 1999 mine which is the most sensitive, or most appropriate, Pesticide exposure regime. Mysids were exposed to for environmental monitoring (cf. Bamber & Depledge chlorpyrifos concentrations of 0.038, 0.056, 0.072 and 1997). In this paper, the effects of the pesticide 0,100 pg 1-I for 3 time periods (48, 96 and 168 h).Three chlorpyrifos (O,O,-diethyl 0-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl pesticide concentrations were predicted to be sub- phosphorothioate), a non-systemic organophosphoro- lethal, based on a 168 h LCS0 estimate of 0.084 pg thioate insecticide (Whitehead 1997), on the respira- chlorpyrifos I-' for adult Neomysis integer (Roast et al. tion, feeding, absorption efficiency and SFG of the 1999a);0.100 pg I-' chlorpynfos was i.ncluded to exam- estuarine mysld Neomysis integer (Leach) are com- ine pesticide effects at near lethal concentrations. Each pared. The potential of each parameter as a toxicity chlorpyrifos concentration disrupts mysid swimming test end point is assessed. Surprisingly, although SFG behaviour (Roast et al. 1999b).Due to the hydrophobic has been reported for other peracarid crustaceans (e.g. nature of chlorpyrifos [log K,, = 4.7 (Whitehead 1997)], the amphipod Gammarus pulex [Maltby et al. 1990]), Distol grade acetone was used as a carrier for pesticide it has not been evaluated previously for any mysid dosing (Roast et al. 1999a).An initial stock of 1 g chlor- species. pyrifos I-' acetone was diluted in series to produce a Mysids (Crustacea: Peracarida) are used routinely in final stock concentration of 1 mg 1-' acetone; dilution laboratory toxicity tests and the sub-tropical American water (salinity = 10 psu) was made by combining fil- species, Americamysis (=Mysidopsis)bahia, is a stan- tered seawater and double-distilled, de-ionised water. dard test organism adopted by the United States Envi- Toxicant stock (76, 112, 144 or 200 p1) was injected via ronmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for marine and a Gilson pipette into the vortex of 1 1 of dilution water estuarine studies (e.g. USEPA 1987). Recent work has stirred at high speed in a 2 1 conical flask. Equalising shown that A. bahia has limited tolerance to dilute volumes of acetone were injected into each vessel such salinity, casting doubt on its value as a test organism that each had the same concentration of acetone (thus for use in estuaries (Pillard et al. 1999). More impor- 124, 88, and 56 p1 acetone were injected into the 0.038, tantly, A. bahia is not representative of European estu- 0.056 and 0.072 pg chlorpyrifos 1-' solutions, such that aries and there is a clear need to identify an indigenous each exposure solution contained 100 p1 acetone I-'). estuarine species for toxicity testing in Europe (e.g. Following 5 min mixing, the conical flask was filled to NRA 1993). Neomysis integer, the dominant hyperben- an accurately pre-marked 2 l line to give the final con- thic mysid of the upper reaches of European estuaries centrations required. In addition to the 4 pesticide (Mees et al. 1995, Mees & Jones 1997), has relatively exposure solutions, a solvent control (100 p1 acetone low 96 h LCS0values for cadmium (3.9 pg 1-' [Wildgust 1-l) was used to assess any effects of acetone on mysid & Jones 19981) and the organophosphate pesticides physiology. As oxygen consumption by N. integer is chlorpyrifos and dimethoate (0.14 pg 1-' and 0.54 mg 1-' gender specific (Roast et al. 1999c), only males were respectively [Roast et al. 1999al).N. integer has been used in these experiment. For each exposure concen- proposed as a test species for monitoring European tration, 10 mysids of equal length (12 + 1 mm from the estuaries (Emson & Crane 1994, Roast et al. 1998a) and anterior margin of the rostrum to the tip of the telson) the present paper contributes further to this discussion. were placed together in 2 1tall-form glass beakers con- taining 1500 m1 of exposure wa.ter. Due to the unstable nature of chlorpyrifos (ca 55% loss within 24 h [Roast MATERIALS AND METHODS et al. 1999a]),exposure solutions were replaced every 24 h with a freshly made solution. At this tim.e, dead or Mysid collection and maintenance. Du.ring March to moribund mysids were removed from the test vessels May 1997, Neomysis integer were collected from the (mortality was concentration dependent, and up to ca southern side of Terras Bridge, East Looe River Estuary 60% had died after 7 d exposure to 0.1 pg chlorpyrifos (Cornwall, UK) (Roast et al. 1998b). Mysids were 1-'). Mysids were fed ad libitum on 148 h old Artemia returned to the laboratory in habitat water (salinity = sp. nauplii. 1 psu) and placed in a shallow 15 1 holding tank at a Measurement of oxygen consumption. Following salinity of 10 + 1 psu (made by combining filtered sea- exposure to chlorpyrifos for each time period (48, 96 water and double-distilled, de-ionlsed water) In a con- or 168 h), a single mysid was placed in a 25 m1 per- stant-temperature room (15 + 1°C). Water quality was spex respiration chamber designed for 'closed' oxy- maintained by an under-gravel filter. Lighting was gen measurement (Roast et al. 1999~).Oxygen con- provided at ambient laboratory levels by overhead flu- sumption was measured using Strathkelvin 1302 orescent lights; a time switch provided a 16 h light:8 h 'Clark-type' polarographic electrodes and Strath- dark photoperiod. Mysids were fed ad libitum with kelvin 781b oxygen meters, calibrated with oxygen- <48 h old Artemia sp. (Great Lakes, Utah) nauplii free nitrogen and air-saturated water, using values hatched in the laboratory from cysts. from dissolved oxygen tables (Green & Carritt 1967). Roast et al.. Pesticides and mysid physiology 235 Oxygen consumption measurements were performed weighed (*0.01 mg) to ascertain the ash content of the at 15 c 1°C (maintained by placing the respiration faeces. Absorption efficiency was calculated using the chamber in a temperature-controlled water bath) and equation: at 10 c 1 psu, using freshly made exposure solution Absorptionefficiency = (F-E)+[(l-E)xF] (1) of the same chlorpyrifos concentration to which the mysid had been exposed. Dissolved oxygen concen- where: F=ash-free dry weight:dry-weight ratio of food trations in each respiration chamber were measured source, and E= ash-free dry weight:dry-weight ratio of for 2 h prior to introduction of the mysids to confirm faeces (Conover 1966).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mysida and Lophogastrida of Greece: a Preliminary Checklist
    Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9288 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9288 Taxonomic Paper Mysida and Lophogastrida of Greece: a preliminary checklist Panayota Koulouri‡, Vasilis Gerovasileiou‡‡, Nicolas Bailly ‡ Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece Corresponding author: Panayota Koulouri ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christos Arvanitidis Received: 20 May 2016 | Accepted: 17 Jul 2016 | Published: 01 Nov 2016 Citation: Koulouri P, Gerovasileiou V, Bailly N (2016) Mysida and Lophogastrida of Greece: a preliminary checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9288. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9288 Abstract Background The checklist of Mysida and Lophogastrida of Greece was created within the framework of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS), which is one of the applications of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) resuming efforts to develop a complete checklist of species recorded and reported from Greek waters. The objectives of the present study were to update and cross-check taxonomically all records of Mysida and Lophogastrida species known to occur in Greek waters in order to search for inaccuracies and omissions. New information The up-to-date checklist of Mysida and Lophogastrida of Greece comprises 49 species, classified to 25 genera. © Koulouri P et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Koulouri P et al. Keywords Mysida, Lophogastrida, Greece, Aegean Sea, Sea of Crete, Ionian Sea, Eastern Mediterranean, checklist Introduction The peracarid crustaceans Lophogastrida, Stygiomysida and Mysida were formerly grouped under the order "Mysidacea".
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Northern Arabian Sea
    An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part 1: Introduction Item Type article Authors Tirmizi, N.M.; Kazmi, Q.B. Download date 25/09/2021 13:22:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31867 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.2(1), 49-66, 1993 AN IlLUSTRATED KEY TO THE MALACOSTRACA (CRUSTACEA) OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA Part 1: INTRODUCTION Nasima M. T:innizi and Quddusi B. Kazmi Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi Karachi-75270, Pakistan ABS'J.'R.ACT: The key deals with the Malacostraca from the northern Arabian Sea (22°09'N to 10°N and 50°E to 76°E). It is compiled from the specimens available to us and those which are in the literature. An introduction to the class Malacostraca and key to the identification of subclasses, superorders and orders is given. All the key characters are illustrated. Original references with later changes are men­ tioned. The key will be published in parts not necessarily in chronological order. KEY WORDS: Malacostraca -Arabian Sea - Orders -Keys. INTRODUCTION The origin of this work can be traced back to the prepartition era and the early efforts of carcinologists who reported on the marine Crustacea of the northern Arabi­ an Sea and adjacent oceanic zones. We owe indebtedness to many previous workers like Alcock (1896-1901) and Henderson (1893) who had also contributed to the list of species which the fauna now embodies. With the creation of Pakistan carcinological studies were 'undertaken specially by the students and scientists working at the Zoolo­ gy Department, University of Karachi.
    [Show full text]
  • (Crustacea-Mysida) in Freshwater
    Hydrobiologia (2008) 595:213–218 DOI 10.1007/s10750-007-9016-2 FRESHWATER ANIMAL DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Global diversity of mysids (Crustacea-Mysida) in freshwater Megan L. Porter Æ Kenneth Meland Æ Wayne Price Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract In this article we present a biogeographical spp.); (3) Mysis spp. ‘Glacial Relicts’ (8 spp.); and (4) assessment of species diversity within the Mysida Euryhaline estuarine species (20 spp.). The center of (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida) from inland inland mysid species diversity is the Ponto-Caspian waters. Inland species represent 6.7% (72 species) of region, containing 24 species, a large portion of which mysid diversity. These species represent three of the are the results of a radiation in the genus Paramysis. four families within the Mysida (Lepidomysidae, Stygiomysidae, and Mysidae) and are concentrated in Keywords Inland fauna Á Freshwater biology Á the Palaearctic and Neotropical regions. The inland Mysid Á Diversity mysid species distributional patterns can be explained by four main groups representing different freshwater Introduction invasion routes: (1) Subterranean Tethyan relicts (24 spp.); (2) Autochthonous Ponto-Caspian endemics (20 The order Mysida (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peraca- rida), first described in 1776 by Mu¨ller, contains over 1,000 described species distributed throughout the Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of waters of the world (Wittmann, 1999). Although this article (doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9016-2) contains supple- >90% of mysid species are exclusively marine, the mentary material, which is available to authorized users. remaining species represent either species from Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Le´veˆque, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida)(1)
    Cah. Biol. Mar. (1996) 37 : 341-347 Functional morphology of the foregut of Lophogaster typicus and L. spinosus (Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida)(1) Laetitia DE JONG Laboratoire de Biologie Animale (Plancton), Université de Provence 13331 Marseille Cedex 3 - France E-mail: [email protected] - Fax: (33) 4 91 10 60 06 Abstract: The foreguts of two Lophogaster species (Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida), one benthic and another pela- gic, are described. Their morphology is characteristic of the genus and does not seem related with the ecology of the spe- cies, as it would be expected. The foregut is very different from that observed in other Lophogastrida (Eucopia and Gnathophausia). Indeed, the cardiac chamber is followed by a large alimentary pouch occupying half the length of the cephalothorax, and which probably corresponds to the dorsal pyloric chamber. Such storage system is original among crus- taceans exhibiting the caridoid facies (Mysidacea, Euphausiacea and Decapoda). As the dorsal pyloric chamber is posteriorly closed by this pouch, the junction between the stomach and the intestine takes place at the level of the ventral pyloric cham- ber, instead of the dorsal one as in other Mysidacea. The gastric mill also is original, since the lateral teeth look like man- dibles owing to their morphology and internal musculature. Lastly, at the junction with the stomach, the very small size of the lumen of the intestine probably do not allow the passage of coarse particles, contrary to what occurs in other Mysidacea, Euphausiacea and Decapoda. Résumé : Morphologie fonctionnelle du stomodeum chez Lophogaster typicus et L. spinosus (Crustacea, Mysidacea, Lophogastrida.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemimysis Anomala) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Bloody Red Shrimp (Hemimysis anomala) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, January 2018 Web Version, 8/16/2018 Photo: U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Licensed under Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-SA). Available: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=image&pic=40019 (January 2018). 1 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Kipp et al. (2018): “Hemimysis anomala is native to freshwater margins of the Black Sea, the Azov Sea and the eastern Ponto-Caspian Sea. It has historically occurred in the lower reaches of the Don, Danube, Dnieper and Dniester rivers.” Status in the United States From Kipp et al. (2018): “The presence of juveniles and reproductive females within a dense population suggests that H. anomala is well established near Muskegon Lake in southern Lake Michigan (Pothoven et al. 2007) and at Nine Mile Point in Lake Ontario (J. Wyda, pers. comm.). A population density of 0.5 ± 0.1 individuals/L recorded at the Lake Michigan site (Pothoven et al. 2007) is already within the range found in some European reservoirs invaded by H. anomala, and is higher than maximum densities recorded for several other mysids (Ketelaars et al. 1999).” “H. anomala was reported for the first time in 2006 from two disjunct regions in the Great Lakes: southeastern Lake Ontario at Nine Mile Point near Oswego, New York, in May 2006 (J. Wyda 2007, personal communication); and from a channel connecting Muskegon Lake to Lake Michigan in November 2006 (Pothoven et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toxicity of Metal Mixtures to the Estuarine Mysid Neomysis Integer (Crustacea: Mysidacea) Under Changing Salinity
    Aquatic Toxicology 64 (2003) 307Á/315 www.elsevier.com/locate/aquatox The toxicity of metal mixtures to the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer (Crustacea: Mysidacea) under changing salinity Tim Verslycke a,*, Marnix Vangheluwe b, Dagobert Heijerick b, Karel De Schamphelaere a, Patrick Van Sprang b, Colin R. Janssen a a Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium b EURAS, Rijvisschestraat 118, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium Received 29 August 2002; received in revised form 17 February 2003; accepted 28 February 2003 Abstract Water quality criteria are mainly based on data obtained in toxicity tests with single toxicants. Several authors have demonstrated that this approach may be inadequate as the joint action of the chemicals is not taken into account. In this study, the combined effects of six metals on the European estuarine mysid Neomysis integer (Leach, 1814) were examined. Acute 96-h toxicity tests were performed with mercury, copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc and lead, and this as single compounds and as a mixture of all six. The concentrations of the individual metals of the equitoxic mixtures were calculated using the concentrationÁ/addition model. The 96-h LC50’s for the single metals, at a salinity of 5, ranged from 6.9 to 1140 mg/l, with the following toxicity ranking: Hg/Cd/Cu/Zn/Ni/Pb. Increasing the salinity from 5 to 25 resulted in lower toxicity and lower concentrations of the free ion (as derived from speciation calculations) for all metals. This salinity effect was strongest for cadmium and lead and could be attributed to complexation with chloride ions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Taxonomy of Mysids (Mysidacea : Crustacea)
    ECOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF MYSIDS (MYSIDACEA : CRUSTACEA) by Gwen Elizabeth Fenton, B.Sc.(Hons) submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA HOBART August 1985 Except as stated herein this thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the thesis. /r1-4/071/ Gwen Fenton TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 PART A: TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE AUSTRALIAN MYSIDS 3 CHAPTER 2 TAXONOMY OF THE AUSTRALIAN MYSIDS 4 2.1 INTRODUCTION 4 2.1.1 BACKGROUND 4 2.1.2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF MYSID TAXONOMY IN AUSTRALIA 8 2.2 LIST OF THE AUSTRALIAN MYSID SPECIES 11 2.3 SYSTEMATICS 15 2.3.1 SUB-ORDER LOPHOGASTRIDA 15 2.3.1.1 Family LOPHOGASTRIDAE 16 i) Genus Gnathophausia 16 G.ingens 17 2.3.2 SUB-ORDER MYSIDA 17 KEY TO THE GENERA KNOWN FROM AUSTRALIA IN THE SUB-ORDER MYSIDA 19 2.3.2.1 Family PETALOPHTHALMIDAE 31 i) Genus Petalophthalmus 31 P.australis 32 2.3.2.2 Family MYSIDAE 32 2.3.2.2.1 Sub-Family BOREOMYSINAE 33 i) Genus Boreomysis 33 B.sibogae 33 2.3.2.2.2 Sub-Family SIRIELLINAE 34 i) Genus Hemisiriella 34 Key to the Australian Species of 34 Hemisiriella FILarl_La.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Review MYSID CRUSTACEANS AS POTENTIAL TEST ORGANISMS for the EVALUATION of ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION: a REVIEW
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 1219±1234, 2004 Printed in the USA 0730-7268/04 $12.00 1 .00 Critical Review MYSID CRUSTACEANS AS POTENTIAL TEST ORGANISMS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION: A REVIEW TIM A. VERSLYCKE,*² NANCY FOCKEDEY,³ CHARLES L. MCKENNEY,JR.,§ STEPHEN D. ROAST,\ MALCOLM B. JONES,\ JAN MEES,# and COLIN R. JANSSEN² ²Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium ³Department of Biology, Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium §U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561-5299, USA \School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom #Flanders Marine Institute, Vismijn Pakhuizen 45-52, B-8400 Ostend, Belgium (Received 20 June 2003; Accepted 29 September 2003) AbstractÐAnthropogenic chemicals that disrupt the hormonal systems (endocrine disruptors) of wildlife species recently have become a widely investigated and politically charged issue. Invertebrates account for roughly 95% of all animals, yet surprisingly little effort has been made to understand their value in signaling potential environmental endocrine disruption. This omission largely can be attributed to the high diversity of invertebrates and the shortage of fundamental knowledge of their endocrine systems. Insects and crustaceans are exceptions and, as such, appear to be excellent candidates for evaluating the environmental consequences of chemically induced endocrine disruption. Mysid shrimp (Crustacea: Mysidacea) may serve as a viable surrogate for many crustaceans and have been put forward as suitable test organisms for the evaluation of endocrine disruption by several researchers and regulatory bodies (e.g., the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Mysis Partial Diel Vertical Migration Brian Patrick O'malley University of Vermont
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2019 Evaluation of Mysis partial diel vertical migration Brian Patrick O'Malley University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation O'Malley, Brian Patrick, "Evaluation of Mysis partial diel vertical migration" (2019). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 996. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/996 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATION OF MYSIS PARTIAL DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION A Dissertation Presented by Brian Patrick O’Malley to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Natural Resources January, 2019 Defense Date: October 23, 2018 Dissertation Examination Committee: Jason D. Stockwell, Ph.D., Advisor Sara Helms Cahan, Ph.D., Chairperson Sture Hansson, Ph.D. J. Ellen Marsden, Ph.D. Joe Roman, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College © Copyright by Brian Patrick O’Malley January 2019 ABSTRACT Mass animal migrations represent large movements of biomass, energy, and nutrients with predictable patterns and important ecosystem-level consequences. Diel vertical migration (DVM) in aquatic systems, the daily movement of organisms from deeper depths during the day to shallower depths in the water column at night, is widespread in freshwater and marine systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Malacostracan Phylogeny and Evolution
    ERIK DAHL Department of Zoology, Lund, Sweden MALACOSTRACAN PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION ABSTRACT Malacostracan ancestors were benthic-epibenthic. Evolution of ambulatory stenopodia prob- ably preceded specialization of natatory pleopods. This division of labor was the prere- quisite for the evolution of trunk tagmosis. It is concluded that the ancestral malacostracan was probably more of a pre-eumalacostracan than a phyllocarid type, and that the phyllo- carids constitute an early branch adapted for benthic life. The same is the case with the hoplocarids, here regarded as a separate subclass with eumalacostracan rather than phyllo- carid affinities, although that question remains open. The systematic concept Eumalaco- straca is here reserved for the subclass comprising the three caridoid superorders, Syncarida, Eucarida and Peracarida. The central caridoid apomorphy, proving the unity of caridoids, is the jumping escape reflex system, manifested in various aspects of caridoid morphology. The morphological evidence indicates that the Syncarida are close to a caridoid stem-group, and that the Eumalacostraca sensu stricto were derived from pre-syncarid ancestors. Ad- vanced hemipelagic-pelagic caridoids probably evolved independently within the Eucarida and Peracarida. 1 INTRODUCTION The differentiation of the major crustacean taxa must have taken place very early, pro- bably at least partly in the Precambrian (cf. Bergstrom 1980). Fronrthe Cambrian we have proof of the presence of branchiopods (Simonetta & Delle Cave 1980, Briggs 1976), ostra-
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Northern Arabian Sea
    An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea. Part 1: Introduction Item Type article Authors Tirmizi, N.M.; Kazmi, Q.B. Download date 26/09/2021 01:08:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31867 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.2(1), 49-66, 1993 AN IlLUSTRATED KEY TO THE MALACOSTRACA (CRUSTACEA) OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA Part 1: INTRODUCTION Nasima M. T:innizi and Quddusi B. Kazmi Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi Karachi-75270, Pakistan ABS'J.'R.ACT: The key deals with the Malacostraca from the northern Arabian Sea (22°09'N to 10°N and 50°E to 76°E). It is compiled from the specimens available to us and those which are in the literature. An introduction to the class Malacostraca and key to the identification of subclasses, superorders and orders is given. All the key characters are illustrated. Original references with later changes are men­ tioned. The key will be published in parts not necessarily in chronological order. KEY WORDS: Malacostraca -Arabian Sea - Orders -Keys. INTRODUCTION The origin of this work can be traced back to the prepartition era and the early efforts of carcinologists who reported on the marine Crustacea of the northern Arabi­ an Sea and adjacent oceanic zones. We owe indebtedness to many previous workers like Alcock (1896-1901) and Henderson (1893) who had also contributed to the list of species which the fauna now embodies. With the creation of Pakistan carcinological studies were 'undertaken specially by the students and scientists working at the Zoolo­ gy Department, University of Karachi.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution Der Muskelentwicklung Der Malacostraca (Crustacea
    Evolution der Muskelentwicklung der Malacostraca (Crustacea) – Vergleichende Untersuchung ausgewählter Vertreter vor dem Hintergrund embryonaler und larvaler Transformationen Kumulative Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) Am Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie des Instituts für Biowissenschaften an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Rostock vorgelegt von Günther Joseph Jirikowski, geboren am 24.11.1983 in Ulm / Baden-Württemberg Rostock, Februar 2015 1 2 Gutachter: 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Richter, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Scholtz, Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Datum der Einreichung: 20. Februar 2015 Datum der Verteidigung: 17. April 2015 3 4 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitende Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Übersicht .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Die Malacostraca .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 1.3 Einauplius und kryptische Larvalentwicklung ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]