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Ecology and Taxonomy of Mysids (Mysidacea : Crustacea)

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Ecology and Taxonomy of Mysids (Mysidacea : Crustacea) ECOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF MYSIDS (MYSIDACEA : CRUSTACEA) by Gwen Elizabeth Fenton, B.Sc.(Hons) submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA HOBART August 1985 Except as stated herein this thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the thesis. /r1-4/071/ Gwen Fenton TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 PART A: TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE AUSTRALIAN MYSIDS 3 CHAPTER 2 TAXONOMY OF THE AUSTRALIAN MYSIDS 4 2.1 INTRODUCTION 4 2.1.1 BACKGROUND 4 2.1.2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF MYSID TAXONOMY IN AUSTRALIA 8 2.2 LIST OF THE AUSTRALIAN MYSID SPECIES 11 2.3 SYSTEMATICS 15 2.3.1 SUB-ORDER LOPHOGASTRIDA 15 2.3.1.1 Family LOPHOGASTRIDAE 16 i) Genus Gnathophausia 16 G.ingens 17 2.3.2 SUB-ORDER MYSIDA 17 KEY TO THE GENERA KNOWN FROM AUSTRALIA IN THE SUB-ORDER MYSIDA 19 2.3.2.1 Family PETALOPHTHALMIDAE 31 i) Genus Petalophthalmus 31 P.australis 32 2.3.2.2 Family MYSIDAE 32 2.3.2.2.1 Sub-Family BOREOMYSINAE 33 i) Genus Boreomysis 33 B.sibogae 33 2.3.2.2.2 Sub-Family SIRIELLINAE 34 i) Genus Hemisiriella 34 Key to the Australian Species of 34 Hemisiriella FILarl_La. 36 H.pulchra 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) E.q2IL ii) Genus Siriella 36 Key to the Australian Species of 37 Siriella S.aequiremis 42 S.affinis 45 S.anomala 45 S.australis 45 S.bacescui 46 S.distinguenda 46 S.dubia 46 S.gracilis 46 S.halei 46 S.inornata 47 S.longidactyla 47 S.media 47 S.nodosa 47 S.quadrispinosa 48 S.thompsonii 48 S.vincenti 48 S.vulgaris 49 2.3.2.2.3 Sub-Family RHOPALOPHTHALMINAE 49 i) Genus Rhopalophthalmus 49 Key to the Australian Species of 50 Rhopalophthalmus R.brisbanensis 50 R.dakini 50 2.3.2.2.4 Sub-Family GASTROSACCINAE 50 i) Genus Anchialina 52 Key to the Australian Species of 52 Anchialina A.dentata 54 A.grossa 54 A.penicillata 54 A.typica 55 A.zimmeri 55 ii) Genus Gastrosaccus 55 Key to the Australian Species of 56 Gastrosaccus and Haplostylus G.daviei 60 iii)Genus Haplostylus 60 H.(G.)bengalensis 61 H.(G.)brisbanensis 63 H.(G.)dakini 63 H.(G.)indicus 63 H.(G.)pacificus 63 H.(G.)queenslandensis 64 H.sp.1 n.sp. 64 Genus Paranchialina 67 P.angusta 68 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page_ v) Genus Pseudanchialina 68 Key to the Australian Species of 69 Pseudanchialina P.inermis 69 P.pusilla 69 2.3.2.2.5 Sub-Family MYSINAE 69 A) Tribe Erythropini 71 i) Genus Australerythrops 71 A.paradicei 72 ii) Genus Erythrops 72 E.yongei 74 iii) Genus Euchaetomera 74 LA22._ 74 iv) Genus Euchaetomeropsis 74 E.merolepis 75 v) Genus Gibberythrops 75 G.stephensoni 75 vi) Genus Hypererythrops 76 H.spinif era 76 vii) Genus Katerythrops 76 K.oceanae 77 viii)Genus Pseudomma 77 P.australe 78 ix) Genus Synerythrops 78 S.intermedia 78 B) Tribe Leptomysini 79 i) Genus Allomysis n.g. 79 A.sp.1 n.g. n.sp. 80 ii) Genus Australomysis 88 Key to the Australian Species 88 of Australomysis A.acuta 88 A.incisa 90 A.sp.1 n.sp. 90 iii) Genus Doxomysis 92 Key to the Australian Species 93 of Doxomysis D.australiensis 95 D.littoralis 95 D.longiura 96 D.proxima 96 D.quadrispinosa 96 D.sp.1 n.sp. 96 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page iv) Genus Iimysis 98 I.sp.1 n.sp. 99 v) Genus Leptomysis 102 L.australiensis 103 vi) Genus Mysidetes 103 M.halope 104 vii) Genus Prionomysis 104 Key to the Australian Species 104 of Prionomysis P.sp.1 n.sp. 104 P.stenolepis 109 viii)Genus Promysis 109 P.orientalis 110 ix) Genus Pseudomysidetes 110 P.russelli 111 x) Genus Tenagomysis 111 Key to the Australian Species 113 of Tenagomysis T.sp.1 n.sp. 113 T.sp.2 n.sp. 116 T.sp.3 n.sp. 120 C) Tribe Mysini 123 i) Genus Anisomysis 123 Key to the Australian Species 124 of Anisomysis A.bipartoculata 127 A.gracilis 127 A.hispida 127 A.incisa 128 A.lamellicauda 128 A.laticauda 128 A.mixta australis 128 A.pelewensis 129 A.robustispina 129 ii) Genus Halemysis 129 H.australiensis 129 iii) Genus Idiomysis 130 I.inermis 130 ) Genus Paramesopodopsis n.g. 130 P.rufa n.g. n.sp. 132 v) Genus Tasmanomysis n.g. 135 T.oculata ng. n.sp 137 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 13 8L' D) Tribe Heteromysini 141 i) Genus Heteromysis 141 Key to the Australian Species 142 of Heteromysis H.abrucei 145 H.australica 145 H.harpaxoides 145 H.heronensis 145 H.macrophthalma 146 H.stellata 146 H.tasmanica 146 H.tethysiana 146 H.waitei 146 H.zeylanica 147 ii)Genus Heteromysoides 147 H.longiseta 147 2.3.2.2.6 Sub-Family MYSIDELLINAE 147 i) Genus Mysidella 149 M.sp.1 n.sp. 149 2.4 SUMMARY 154 CHAPTER 3 BIOGEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE 155 AUSTRALIAN MYSIDS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 155 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 157 3.2.1 WORLD MYSID RECORDS 157 3.2.2 AUSTRALIAN MYSID RECORDS 157 3.2.3 AUSTRALIAN MARINE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ZONES 157 3.3 RESULTS 160 3.3.1 GENERA 160 3.3.2 SPECIES 164 3.3.3 AUSTRALIAN MARINE BIOGEOGRAPHIC PROVINCES 170 3.4 DISCUSSION 185 3.5 SUMMARY 196 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page PART B: ECOLOGY OF TASMANIAN COASTAL MYSIDS 197 CHAPTER 4 DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS 198 4.1 INTRODUCTION 198 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 200 4.2.1 STUDY SITE 200 4.2.2 TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 200 4.2.3 TIDES 203 4.2.4 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS 203 4.2.4.1 Total Organic Content 203 4.2.4.2 Particle Size Analysis 203 4.2.5 MYSID SAMPLING METHOD 203 4.2.5.1 Monthly Collection 204 4.2.5.2 24-Hour Collection 204 4.2.6 LABORATORY PROCEDURE 204 4.3 RESULTS 205 4.3.1 TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 205 4.3.2 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS 205 4.3.2.1 Total Organic Content 205 4.3.2.2 Particle Size Analysis 207 4.3.3 SPECIES 207 4.3.4 ZONATION 213 4.3.5 SEASONAL ABUNDANCE 213 4.3.6 POPULATION DYNAMICS 215 4.3.6.1 Tenagomysis sp.2 215 4.3.6.2 Anisomysis mixta australis 219 4.3.6.3 Paramesopodopsis rufa 232 4.3.7 DIEL DISTRIBUTION 241 4.3.7.1 Variation in Species Abundance 241 4.3.7.2 Variation in the Population Composition 247 During a 24-Hour Period 4.4 DISCUSSION 250 4.5 SUMMARY 255 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) E2E_t CHAPTER 5 REPRODUCTION 256 5.1 INTRODUCTION 0 256 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 257 5.2.1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND DATA PRESENTATION 258 5.3 RESULTS 259 5.3.1 SEASONAL VARIATION IN FEMALE BODY LENGTH 259 5.3.1.1 Tenagomysis sp.2 259 5.3.1.2 Anisomysis mixta australis 264 5.3.1.3 Paramesopodopsis rufa 264 5.3.2 SEASONAL VARIATION IN BROOD SIZE 271 5.3.2.1 Tenagomysis sp.2 271 5.3.2.2 Anisomysis mixta australis 271 5.3.2.3 Paramesopodopsis rufa 275 5.3.3 EGG RATIO 280 5.3.4 SIZE OF LARVAE 280 5.3.5 LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS 285 5.3.6 INTER-MOULT GROWTH OF FEMALES WITH BROODS 285 5.3.7 ESTIMATION OF INCUBATION TIME 293 5.4 DISCUSSION 293 5.5 SUMMARY 297 CHAPTER 6 PRODUCTION AND BIOMASS 299 6.1 INTRODUCTION 299 6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 300 6.2.1 LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP 300 6.2.2 GROWTH RATE 300 6.2.2.1 Laboratory Procedure 300 6.2.2.2 Estimation of Growth Rates from Field Data 301 6.2.3 CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION 301 6.2.3.1 Size Frequency Method 301 6.2.3.2 Petrovich Method 302 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 6.3 RESULTS 302 6.3.1 LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS 302 6.3.2 ESTIMATION OF MEAN GROWTH RATE 303 6.3.3 PRODUCTION ESTIMATES 303 6.4 DISCUSSION 303 6.5 SUMMARY 307 CHAPTER 7 DIET AND PREDATORS 308 7.1 INTRODUCTION 308 7.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 311 7.2.1 MYSID GUT CONTENTS 311 7.2.2 FISH GUT CONTENTS 311 7.2.3 STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS . 311 7.2.3.1 Sample Collection 311 7.2.3.2 Combustion of Samples 312 7.3 RESULTS 313 7.3.1 MYSID GUT CONTENTS ANALYSIS 313 7.3.2 DIEL MYSID FEEDING PATTERNS 316 7.3.3 FISH GUT CONTENTS 320 7.3.4 STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS 324 7.4 DISCUSSION 329 7.5 SUMMARY 335 CHAPTER 8 GENERAL DISCUSSION 336 REFERENCES 342 APPENDICES 367 APPENDIX A MYSID TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION 367 Al Australian Mysid Genera and Species not Included 367 in the World List given by Mauchline (1980) TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page APPENDIX A (continued) A2 Distribution of Mysids in Tasmania 368 A3 Results of the Bass Strait Survey 371 APPENDIX B HABITAT AND MYSID DATA 379 B1 Temperature and Salinity Data 379 B2 Sediment Organic Content Data 380 B3 Sediment Particle Size Data 381 B4 Density of Mysids Collected During 24—hour 384 Sampling Sessions APPENDIX C FEMALE LENGTH AND BROOD SIZE DATA 388 Cl Tenagomysis sp.2 388 C2 Anisomysis mixta australis 391 C3 Paramesopodopsis rufa 394 C4 Regression Analysis between Female Length and Number 397 of Eggs C5 Regression Analysis between Female Length and Number 400 of Eyeless Larvae C6 Regression Analysis between Female Length and Number 403 of Eyed Larvae C7 Regression Analysis between Female Length and Number 406 of Eggs Developing in the Ovaries C8 Regression Analysis between Female Weight and Number 407 of Young APPENDIX D PRODUCTION CALCULATION 410 ABSTRACT The total number of species of mysids known from Australian waters is 94, spanning 38 genera.
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