DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,796,328 Horie (45) Date of Patent: Jan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,796,328 Horie (45) Date of Patent: Jan United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,796,328 Horie (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 10, 1989 54 ERASER Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Hedman, Gibson, Costigan & Fumio Horie, Tokyo, Japan Hoare 75 Inventor: 57 ABSTRACT 73) Assignee: Horie Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan An eraser capable of erasing characters and the like written on paper with a ball-point pen, fountain pen, 21 Appl. No.: 133,565 typewriter, word processor, color pencil or the like. 22 Filed: Dec. 16, 1987 The eraser has an integral structure composed of plural types of eraser pieces having different hardnesses and (30) Foreign Application Priority Data an abrasive material, the eraser pieces and the abrasive Dec. 18, 1986 JP Japan ................................ 61-302631 material existing respectively in a particulately dis 51) Int. Cl. .............................................. B43L 19/00 persed state. A method for manufacturing such eraser 52 U.S. C. ...................................................... 15/424 comprises steps of kneading plural types of major eraser 58 Field of Search .......................................... 15/424 materials which have been previously vulcanized and shaped at need with an abrasive material and vulcaniz 56) References Cited ing and shaping the resulting mixture. These plural U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS types of major eraser materials are such that erasers 328,778 10/1885 Holton .................................. 5/424 having different hardnesses can be produced if each of the major eraser materials is either vulcanized or heated FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS and shaped alone and that particles of the major eraser 1443536 5/1966 France .................................. 15/424 materials exist independently from one another even if 6035063 9/1976 Japan .... ... 15/424 these materials are kneaded. 2042898 2/1987 Japan ..................................... 15/424 Primary Examiner-Chris K. Moore 4 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Jan. 10, 1989 Sheet 1 of 3 4,796,328 U.S. Patent Jan. 10, 1989 Sheet 2 of 3 4,796,328 U.S. Patent Jan. 10, 1989 Sheet 3 of 3 4,796,328 4,796,328 1. 2 need with an abrasive material, and vulcanizing and ERASER shaping the resulting mixture, said plural types of major eraser materials are such that erasers having different BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION hardnesses can be produced if each of said plural types This invention relates to an eraser, ability of which 5 of major eraser materials is either vulcanized or heated for erasing characters and the like on a paper written and shaped alone and that particles of said plural types with ball-point pen, fountain pen, typewriter, word of major eraser materials exist independently from one processor, color pencils or the like is improved, and to another even if these materials are kneaded. a method for manufacturing such improved eraser. According to the eraser of the present invention, A so-called sand-containing eraser has been hereto O when the eraser is pressed against the surface of a paper fore known as an eraser for erasing characters and the to be erased, soft eraser pieces in said eraser deform in like written on a paper with ball-point pen, fountain pen conformity with a minute irregularity on said paper or the like. A conventional sand-containing eraser is surface resulting in close contact of the entire eraser manufactured in such a manner that a factice (white with paper. In this case, the abrasive material is forcibly factice), a plasticizer, and a mineral oil are mixed homo 15 pressed against the paper surface by means of hard geneously with rubber or plastic, a major component, to eraser pieces to scrape out ink bonded on said paper which is added an abrasive material having a particle surface. Thus, even if there is a minute irregularity on size of...about 150 emery, carborundum (black silicon the paper surface, said paper surface can be sufficiently carbide) or the like, the resulting admixture is kneaded rubbed with the eraser according to the invention along by the use of rolls or the like, and the product thus 20 the irregular surface thereof, so that only the ink can be kneaded is either vulcanized or heated and shaped. removed without substantial damage of the paper sur The structure of the shaped eraser is shown in FIG. 2 face. wherein particles of an abrasive material 12 are dis Furthermore, said improved eraser can be obtained in persed and included in a homogeneous major eraser accordance with the manufacturing method of the pres material 10. 25 ent invention. In said conventional sand-containing eraser, if the major eraser material 10 is a soft material, such major BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS eraser material does not present suitable stiffness to FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view showing an sustain particles of the abrasive material 12 as shown in example of the eraser according to the present inven FIG. 3 in the case when the eraser itself is pressed 30 tion; against the surface of a paper 14. Thus, such eraser FIG. 2 is a sectional view as well as a partially en cannot scrape the ink 16 bonded to the paper surface 14 larged view thereof each showing a conventional sand therefrom so that such conventional eraser has poor erasing ability. containing eraser; On the other hand, if the major eraser material 10 is a 35 FIGS. 3 and 4 are sectional views each illustrating a hard material, such hard major eraser material 10 can state of a paper in the case where the sand-containing not be in close contact with the paper surface 14 as eraser of FIG. 2 is pressed against the surface of the shown in FIG. 4. Accordingly, if there is a minute irreg paper; and ularity on the paper surface 14, particles of the abrasive FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a state of a material 12 included in such hard eraser cannot fit into paper in the case where the eraser of FIG. 1 is pressed the minute irregularity so that the abrasive material against the surface of the paper. particles 12 cannot scrape off the ink 16 on the paper DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED surface 14. In this case, it is required to scrape off the EMBODIMENTS paper 14 itself up to such a depth corresponding to that where the ink 16 exists, so that there is such a disadvan 45 An embodiment of the eraser according to the pres tage that the paper 14 is damaged by such hard eraser in ent invention is shown in FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner the case where a soft paper is used, whilst if a hard wherein an example where the eraser itself is prepared paper is employed, the paper 14 cannot be scraped off from three types of erasers. More specifically, this by the eraser so that the ink 16 on the paper surface eraser is integrally composed of soft eraser pieces 20, remains unerased. 50 medium eraser pieces 22, hard eraser pieces 24, and an In view of the above, the present invention contem abrasive material 26 in a particulately dispersed form. plates to eliminate disadvantages involved in the above When the eraser is pressed against the surface of a described prior art and to provide an improved eraser paper, the front of the eraser comes into close contact through the use of which damage of a paper to be with the paper surface 28 as a result of deformation of erased decreases, besides erasing ability of the eraser is 55 the soft eraser pieces 20 in conformity with a minute elevated, as well as a method for manufacturing such unevenness of the paper surface 28 as shown in FIG. 5. improved eraser. At the same time, the abrasive material 26 is strongly pressed upon the paper surface 28 by means of the hard SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION eraser pieces 24 to scrape off ink 30 which has adhered The present invention relates to an eraser having an to the paper surface 28. Thus, even if there is a minute integral structure composed of plural types of eraser unevenness on the paper surface 28, the surface of the pieces having different hardnesses and an abrasive mate paper can be rubbed with the eraser along the uneven rial, said eraser pieces and said abrasive material existing ness thereof, so that only the ink 30 can be removed in a particulately dispersed state. without damaging significantly the paper surface 28. Furthermore, the present invention relates also to a 65 method for manufacturing an eraser comprising the EXAMPLE 1. steps of kneading plural types of major eraser materials An example of a method for manufacturing the eraser which have been previously vulcanized and shaped at shown in FIG. 1 will be described hereinbelow. 4,796,328 3 4. In Example 1, three types of materials for the eraser, ball-point pen on the paper and the dissolved ink blots i.e. hard, medium, and soft materials are used as the on this paper. However, when ingredient A is kneaded major eraser materials. Material 1 (the eraser 20) is a with the other ingredients in material 1, the ingredient particularly soft material, material 2 (the eraser 22) is A is dispersed into the material 1. Thus, ingredient A one having substantially the same hardness with that of 5 contributes to release rapidly the ink adhered closely to ordinary raw rubber, and material 3 (the eraser 24) is a the surface of a paper, when the paper surface is rubbed hard material. In the case where only two types of hard with such an eraser containing the material 1 after vul and soft materials are used and in addition, there is a canization.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pencil Eraser (Edited from Wikipedia)
    Pencil Eraser (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY An eraser, (also called a rubber outside America, from the material first used) is an article of stationery that is used for removing writing from paper. Erasers have a rubbery consistency and come in a variety of shapes, sizes and colors. Some pencils have an eraser on one end. Less expensive erasers are made from synthetic rubber and synthetic soy-based gum, but more expensive or specialized erasers are vinyl, plastic, or gum-like materials. Erasers were initially made for pencil markings, but more abrasive ink erasers were later introduced. The term is also used for things that remove writing from chalkboards and whiteboards. HISTORY Before rubber erasers, tablets of wax were used to erase lead or charcoal marks from paper. Bits of rough stone such as sandstone or pumice were used to remove small errors from parchment or papyrus documents written in ink. Crustless bread was used as an eraser in the past; a Meiji-era (1868-1912) Tokyo student said: "Bread erasers were used in place of rubber erasers, and so they would give them to us with no restriction on amount. So we thought nothing of taking these and eating a firm part to at least slightly satisfy our hunger." In 1770 English engineer Edward Nairne is reported to have developed the first widely marketed rubber eraser, for an inventions competition. Until that time the material was known as gum elastic or by its Native American name (via French) caoutchouc. Nairne sold natural rubber erasers for the high price of three shillings per half-inch cube.
    [Show full text]
  • Stefa O. Öl Blau (Englisch)
    Date of Printing: 02/07/2009 No. 15012e edition 03 from 15.06.2009 page 1 of 5 Safety Data Sheet according to 1907/2006/EC Plastic Eraser Pelikan Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Squeezy, Black & White _______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Identification of the substance/preparation and the company Trade name: Plastic Eraser Squeezy, Black & White Application of the product: Eraser for pencil Manufacturer/Supplier: Pelikan Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Street/PO. Box: Postfach 11 07 55 Nat. Code/Location: D-30102 Hannover Tel.: +49-(0)-511-6969-0 Further information obtainable from: - Chemisches Labor Tel.: +49-(0)-5171-299-0 Fax: +49-(0)-5171-299-249 - Institut für Umwelttechnik Dr. Kühnemann und Partner GmbH Tel.: +49-(0)-511-12194-0 Fax: +49-(0)-511-12194-23 E-Mail: [email protected] Information in case of emergency: Tel.:+49-(0)-511-12194-0 (Monday – Friday 9 am till 5 pm) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Hazards identification Hazard description: No dangerous preparation according to 1999/45/EC No hazards if used for intended purpose Additional Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment: Ingestion of eraser may cause asphyxia and inner injuries in the digestive system due to hardening May cause sensitisation by skin contact ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Composition / information on ingredients Chemical characterization: Preparation of calcium carbonate, polyvinyl chloride, phthalates (DINP) and pigments Dangerous components according to 1999/45/EC: Classification CAS -No. EG-No. Name % Symbol R-phrases ( Pkt. 16) 120-78-5 204-424-9 DIBENZOTHIAZIL DISULFIDE N, Xi 31, 50/53, 43 < 0,2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. First aid measures After inhalation: n.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Now You See Me… a History of Erasing
    Now You See Me, Now You Don’t A History of Erasing or as long as there has been writing there have been errors and the need to erase them. Logically, the erasure of writing can be done in one of three ways: namely the removal of the writing from the page, the hiding of the Fwords on the page, and lastly the covering of the words on the page. The first writing implements and surfaces were made for mistakes, as the wet clay used in tablets could simply be smoothed over and new letters formed with the stylus. It is likely that the complexity of the glyphs used in the first written languages seen in Egypt and Sumer (now in southern Iraq) resulted in many mistakes being made as each glyph would be formed individually. It is estimated that Sumerian cuneiform had approximately 1000 different glyphs in its infancy with its instruction being the main focus of lessons in the very first schools that began in Sumer. Cuneiform script The Sumerians established tablet houses that were located in the courtyard of the city temple and its pupils were boys from the wealthiest families. These educational establishments were so named because of the clay tablets upon which lessons were carefully copied from one half to the other by pupils. The learning and recitation of these texts was the primary focus of the school day and upon completion of their education, pupils were employed as scribes. Editing on Papyrus The transition from clay tablets to papyrus is significant not only in terms of its transportability, but also its cost and availability, both of which had implications for the writer’s ability to make and correct errors.
    [Show full text]
  • 1234 P 1234 1220
    DISTRIBUTION LIST Job Name PE:DP USSR18679 Everything for the Workplace ◊ Pricing PM:JO File Name USSR18679_P3_LINED-OUT LIST_F1234_C1220 P3A Proof Date October 9, 2014 1:44 PM PAGE CONTROL LINED-OUT Page Info BLEED +0p9 TRIM 8.0625 × 10.375 1234 1220 LIST P PENCILS | erasers A B C D E F G H A Clic Eraser® Grip Eraser Premium latex-free white eraser removes E Pink Pearl® Eraser Reach for this premium soft and pliable rubber lead easily and cleanly without scuffing, smearing or tearing writing eraser to make clean corrections. It’s self-cleaning and provides smudge- surface. Pocket clip advances/retracts this long lasting eraser with a click. free erasures. Will not tear paper. 100% latex free. Maximum comfort and control with the latex-free grip. ID No. Material Qty. Unit Price ID No. Material Barrel Qty. Unit Price Medium 1 PEN-ZE22A Polyvinyl Chloride Black 1 EA 2.25 10 PAP-70502 Elastomer Compound 3 PK 1.94 2 PEN-ZE21BP3-K6 Polyvinyl Chloride Black; Blue 3 PK 6.75 11 PAP-70520 Elastomer Compound 24 BX 16.80 3 PEN-ZE22C Polyvinyl Chloride Blue 1 EA 2.25 Large 4 PEN-ZE21TBP3M Polyvinyl Chloride Sky Blue; Light Green; 3 PK 6.75 12 PAP-70501 Elastomer Compound 3 PK 2.37 Violet; Pink 13 PAP-70521 Elastomer Compound 12 BX 9.84 PEN-ZE21BP3-K6—The customer will receive either three black or three blue in a pack. PEN-ZE21TBP3M—The customer will receive either Sky Blue/Light Green/Violet or Sky Blue/Pink/Violet.
    [Show full text]
  • To Order Call SLS Arts @ 1-800-666-7881 Or Visit
    NEW ORLEANS LAS VEGAS 2018 Rev. 5/9/2018 To Order Call SLS Arts @ 1-800-666-7881 or visit www.slsarts.com INDEX Ball Point Pens ---------------------------------------------------------- 8-9 Black Soft Erasers ----------------------------------------------------------15 Blending Stump Sets --------------------------------------------------------15 Calculators -----------------------------------------------------------------19 Ceramic Blade Cutter --------------------------------------------------------18 Colored Pencil Sets -------------------------------------------------------- 6-7 Displays & Assortment ----------------------------------------------------- 20 Electric Eraser -------------------------------------------------------------14 Eraser & Brush Combos-----------------------------------------------------12 Eraser Refills --------------------------------------------------------------14 Ink Erasers----------------------------------------------------------------18 Jet Stick Erasers -----------------------------------------------------------14 Kids Scissors ---------------------------------------------------------------19 Kneaded Eraser -------------------------------------------------------------15 Lead Holders & Refills ------------------------------------------------------ 7 Lead Refills ----------------------------------------------------------------5 Markers ---------------------------------------------------------------9-10 Master Gum Erasers --------------------------------------------------------15 Mechanical Pencils --------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Cleaning of Stamps and Covers
    Preservation and Care of Philatelic Materials Subsidiary Page 8 Dry Cleaning of Stamps and Covers One of the favorite methods for surface cleaning old covers is to use an eraser and brush. There is no type of eraser which does not, to some extent, damage the paper surface from which dirt or markings are removed. One of the chief concerns in cleaning is the removal of pencilled notations on the reverse of a stamp. These are usually perforation notes, catalogue numbers, and sometimes even catalogue prices. Many misguided collectors pencil these marks on the back of stamps as well as on covers. Such marks are even occasionally seen in ink, which very likely means that the philatelic item is permanently damaged and, often, dramatically reduced in value. There is no method of removing pencilled notes and markings that is completely harmless to the philatelic item. While most stamps are printed on high quality paper which will stand up fairly well to the abrasion that results from the erasure of markings, there is still some fragmentation of the surface. On poor quality papers the abrasion is much more pronounced. Old stamps and covers, often brittle or flimsy, are easily torn or creased in the effort to remove pencil marks. Even when some pencil marks are erased, a groove or indentation from a hard pencil will remain. A candidate for the removal of a pencil notation is the cover shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Example of a cover whose appearance would be improved by careful cleaning and removal of pencil notation at upper left.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Cleaning Paper
    STATE OF MISSOURI, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SURFACE CLEANING OF PAPER Surface cleaning is the removal of dirt and other particles from the surface of an item. Besides being unsightly, these particles can cause abrasions that weaken paper fibers. Removing loose dirt prior to storage can help preserve the document and keep clean, good-quality storage materials from getting dirty. The following techniques are intended for strong, flexible documents and book pages. Do not attempt to clean very brittle, fragile papers. When cleaning a document, start with the gentlest techniques and the least amount of pressure. If those do not give the desired results, and the document is strong enough to handle it, work up to the more effective (and more abrasive) methods. Before surface cleaning Examine the document to see what types of Make sure to test each different medium! media (inks, pencil, watercolor, etc.) it has. These will help determine which method of Gold foil cleaning is most appropriate for the item. Do not attempt to clean items with loose or flaking media, such as charcoal or Black pastels. These cannot be cleaned, even printing with a brush, without significant risk. Handwritten inks Before cleaning, always test each medium on the document to be sure it will not smudge or be removed by the cleaning process. Choose an inconspicuous place, then test the chosen technique over a small area (such as a Pencil Addition punctuation mark or the trailing end of a “y”.) Look for changes in the color, shade and/or sharpness of the media.
    [Show full text]
  • Latex-Free School Product List
    LATEX Latex Free School Product List Allergy & Anaphylaxis – A Practical Guide for Schools & Families Always confirm that products are latex free before using. This list is a guideline and is not meant to be an all-inclusive list. 3M (800-494-3552) - Scotch Magic Tape, Post-Its, 3650 Storage Tape, (#2120) Transparent Adhesives Duct Tape (regular duct tape is NOT latex free), Command Poster Strips, Command Interlocking Fasteners, Scotch Adhesive Putty, Scotch Glue Stick Calculator Buttons Texas Instruments calculators are latex free. Crayola (800-272-9652) - Crayola Colored Pencils, Crayola Watercolor Pencils Drawing Pencils RoseArt (800-272-9667) – Colored pencils Baumgarten's (800-247-5547) – Neon erasers Faber-Castell (800-642-2288) – All eraser products are latex-free and PVC free EXCEPT Perfection Pencil Eraser Jakks Pacific (877-875-2557) – Latex Free Erasers Erasers Pental - Click Erasers RoseArt (800-272-9667) - All erasers are latex free Sanford (800-323-0749) – All eraser products are latex-free EXCEPT Design Kneaded Rubber Eraser & Pink Pearl Eraser, Soap erasers 3M (800-494-3552) – Scotch glue sticks Avery (800-462-8379) – All glue sticks, labels, T-shirt transfers Crayola (800-272-9652) – All glue Glue/Paste Elmer's (888-435-6377) – All glue EXCEPT rubber cement, Sno-Drift paste Note: Envelope and stamp glue may contain natural rubber latex. Use a moist rag to wet glue rather than licking. Crayola (800-272-9652)- Crayola Dough, Crayola Modeling Clay, Model Magic, Silly Putty Hasbro (800-327-8264) – Play-Doh (*Hasbro packaging will state if latex is included in the Modeling Clay product) Polyform Products Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Description of the Mechanical Pencil
    Technical Description of the Mechanical Pencil 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Mechanical Pencil is a mechanical writing instrument that uses erasable lead rods to draw or write text, designs, and symbols on mediums such as paper and wood. The Mechanical Pencil is most commonly used for drawing pictures and writing text on paper. It costs $3.99 plus tax. The Mechanical Pencil can be held in the palm of a hand and is made of hi-impact plastic. Approximately one-third of the Mechanical Pencil is wrapped with soft black rubber for comfortable gripping between the thumb, index, and middle finger while writing or drawing. The cone cap, located at the bottom, provides a pointed opening where lead rods can be ejected for writing. The pocket clamp holder, located at the top, can clamp around T-shirt breast pockets allowing for hands-free carrying and easy access. The eraser, inserted at the top, can erase lead particles from paper, wood or other mediums it has been applied. The eraser can also be removed allowing it to be replaced. When the eraser is removed, it also provides an opening where lead rods can be loaded into the hollow barrel of the Mechanical Pencil. Aluminum and hi-impact plastic is used for the internal mechanical assembly that is designed to ejects lead rods out of the bottom of the Mechanical Pencil (see Figure 1). The Mechanical Pencil measures: • 5.5 inches in length • 0.5 inches in diameter Figure 1: The Mechanical Pencil 1 Technical Description of the Mechanical Pencil 2. DESCRIPTION OF MAIN PARTS The Mechanical Pencil (see Figure 2) consists of two main components: 1 the gripping assembly 2 the barrel assembly Figure 2: Main Components of the Mechanical Pencil 2 Technical Description of the Mechanical Pencil 2.1 GRIPPING ASSEMBLY The gripping assembly (see Figure 3) is a hollow rubber and chrome casing designed to protect the internal mechanisms and to hold the 0.012-inch lead rods.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Pencil
    The History of the Pencil Leaded or Unleaded? The core of a pencil, confusingly named the ‘lead’, is formed from a naturally occurring element known as graphite, discovered in the Lake District of England in the early 1500s. Graphite is not the first example of an element hewn from the ground and used as a mark making tool – this process dates back to the very first examples of human art seen in the prehistoric cave paintings which were created using both charcoal and chalk in the era between 40,000 and 10,000 BC. These substances were ground and mixed into a paste with either saliva or animal fats and smeared onto the porous cave walls. So important were these prehistoric paints that the painters travelled far and wide to obtain the pigments: “In every locality where prehistoric sites have been discovered from, Texas to South Africa, trails lead to near and distant hematite deposits where man mined. Historians have deduced that the impetus behind all mining activities was prehistoric man’s need for ochre pigments. Cave men might have travelled as far as 25 miles to obtain iron earth pigments for their paint in the Lascaux area.” i The Roman Lead Stylus One theory about the origin of the term lead pencil lies with the ancient Romans who used styluses made from lead to scratch letters into tablets that were covered in a thin layer of wax. In the same way as many pencils hold an eraser at the tip for removing errors, the lead stylus had a flattened end that could be used for smoothing over and therefore erasing the unwanted text.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Concepts and BIS Conventionspress
    Machine Drawing Press Basudeb Bhattacharyya Associate Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur University Oxford © Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in India by Oxford University Press Ground Floor, 2/11, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002, India © Oxford University Press 2018 The moral rights of the author/s have been asserted. First published in 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. Press You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-948749-3 ISBN-10: 0-19-948749-9 Typeset in Times New Roman by Anvi Composers, New Delhi Printed in India by Magic International (P) Ltd., Greater Noida Cover image:University Iaroslav Neliubov / Shutterstock Third-party website addresses mentioned in this book are provided by Oxford University Press in good faith and for information only.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ingenious Pen: American Writing Implements from the Eighteenth
    312 The American Archivist / Summer 1980 The Ingenious Pen: American Writing Implements Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/43/3/312/2746697/aarc_43_3_2052654603041853.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 from the Eighteenth Century to the Twentieth MAYGENE DANIELS THE HISTORY OF MODERN AMERICAN WRITING IMPLEMENTS is not the story of indi- vidual inventors of genius struggling in laboratories to develop brilliant innova- tions in writing tools. It is instead the story of the slow evolution of practical means of solving age-old problems with the assistance of developing technology. Al- though each development built on its predecessors, several points in the contin- uum are milestones. These include Joseph Gillott's 1830 development of a mech- anized stamping press for steel pens; L. E. Waterman's discovery of an effective principle for fountain pens; the 1868 patent of Sholes, Glidden, and Soule for a practicable typewriter; and Georg and Ladislao Biro's development of the mod- ern ballpoint. Even the developers of the most successful writing implements re- main largely just names, rather than heroes of science and technology, while the instruments they developed have become integral parts of our daily lives. The Quill The quill pen was the primary writing instrument of the western world from the dark ages until the second third of the nineteenth century. It was the basic writing tool used in America for more than two centuries. The word pen itself is derived from the Latin penna, meaning feather. Quill pens were made of the primary feathers of common birds, most often of geese, but also of crows, swans, and others.
    [Show full text]