A National Estuarine Research Reserve for New Jersey a Report and Preliminary Recommendations* June 1993
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A National Estuarine Research Reserve for New Jersey A Report and Preliminary Recommendations June 1993 Submitted to: u.s. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management National Estuarine Reserve Research System Washington, D.C. Prepared by: Institute of Marine & Coastal Science Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection & Energy Office of Regulatory Policy Trenton, NJ 08625 Table of Contents Page SUMMARY 1 I. INTRODUCTION 2 A. National Estuarine Research Reserve Program ....•... 2 B. Proposal to Designate a NERR in New Jersey .•••..... 3 II. CHARACTERISTICS OF POTENTIAL NEW JERSEY NERR SITES 3 A. Characteristics of the Mullica River - Great Bay 3 Estuary B. Characteristics of the Great Egg Harbor Estuary . ... 5 c. Characteristics of the Maurice River Estuary . .. 7 III. SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION STUDY 8 IV. COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED NERR SITES 9 V. PROPOSED NERR; MULLICA RIVER - GREAT BAY ESTUARY 17 A. NERR Boundary Delineation Criteria ................. 17 B. Characteristics of the Proposed MRGB NERR .•........ 18 c. Research and Education within the Proposed ......... 22 MRGB NERR D. Management of the Proposed MRGB NERR ...........•... 24 E. Summary . 2 6 VI. LIST OF PREPARERS 27 VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 27 VIII. REFERENCES 28 A National Estuarine Research Reserve for New Jersey A Report and Preliminary Recommendations* June 1993 Summary The NOAA program on National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERR) has evolved to encompass 21 locations, each dedicated to the development and operation of an estuarine area as a natural field laboratory. Education and research are the primary goals of the Program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate several possible sites within the state of New Jersey for possible inclusion in the NERR program. Three major sites were considered: 1) the Mullica River-Great Bay estuary; 2) the Great Egg Harbor River estuary; and 3) the Maurice River estuary. These three sites were compared on the basis of a number of criteria: including the diversity of rare plant and animal species, the amount of human population and development, and the degree of protection afforded by existing land use planning/regulation and publicly owned conservation land. The Mullica River-Great Bay estuarine system in southern New Jersey is ranked number one in each of the above criteria. Based on this evaluation, the MRGB should be the priority site for New Jersey's nomination to the NERR program. It is large, encompassing a total of 46,173 hectares. The vast public holdings that compose and surround the NERR site, including the Pinelands National Reserve, virtually guarantee that the system will continue to function as it does now for decades into the future and will maintain the diversity of unaltered aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitats. It is the diversity of plant and animal species, pristine quality of the estuary, the protected watersheds that lead to it, and the low human population totals that contribute to its uniqueness within the highly-populated northeastern u.s. and within the industrial and densely-populated State of New Jersey. Ongoing research and educational efforts conducted by Rutgers University and the public agencies in the proposed NERR are directed toward meeting the objectives of the estuarine program. * Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences Report #93-19 Rutgers University - The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231 1 I. Introduction A. National Estuarine Research Reserve Program The concept of protecting coastal estuaries was developed as part of the original Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972 when it was recognized that these transitional zones between the continent and the ocean were extremely fragile habitats in need of special consideration (Imperial et al, 1992; EPA, 1990). Under the CZMA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was selected as the cognizant body to designate appropriate estuaries and to administer the estuarine protection system. Whereas the early approach was to create estuarine-based sanctuaries as a means to protect these systems, the program has evolved into the current emphasis on a multi-tiered reserve concept in which education and research are the primary goals in managing the system as a natural field laboratory (NOAA, 1992). In April 1986, the institutional name was changed from the Estuarine Sanctuary Program to the National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) System Program to reflect the greater emphasis on the research agenda within the estuaries and the opportunity to gather scientific data appropriate to resource protection and enhancement for the rest of the nation's coastline. General procedures for selecting, nominating, and administering these reserves are published in the National Estuarine Research Reserve Program Regulations (15 CFR Part 921). The protection and management objectives of the designated estuarine areas are intended to foster and support research and monitoring programs as their primary function. In addition, each estuarine reserve is to provide suitable opportunity for public education. This component is a necessary ingredient in the designation of research reserves. While the primary purpose of estuarine research reserves is scientific and educational, multiple use of reserves will be encouraged to the extent such activities are compatible with the original intent of the NERR program. Multiple uses mean the simultaneous utilization of an area or resource for a variety of compatible pruposes or to provide more than one benefit. Reserve uses may include hunting, fishing, wildlife observation and low intensity recreation. Certain subareas of the reserve may be designated as Core areas with a more restrictive management policy. Examples of non-compatible uses within a core area include, but are not limited to: diking, dredging or manipulative research with long-term negative impacts (unless the core area has been specifically set aside for such research purposes). The preparation of a management plan is a key requirement of these regulations, providing a means of ensuring that planned activities and development within the reserve conform to the NERR program objectives. The NERR designation provides federal/state 2 matching funds for developing the management plan and for carrying out the research, education and resource protection components of the plan. Since existing State statutes and regulations appear fully adequate to address any potential problems resulting from uses within a research reserve and in adjacent waters and lands, designation of a research reserve will not result in the need for new or additional environmental regulations or creation of a new State agency, or a new division within existing agencies. B. Proposal to Designate A NERR in New Jersey As of early 1993, there were 21 approved National Estuarine Research Reserves in the System in the United States and Puerto Rico, with several others in the process of being considered. However, no reserves have been designated within the state of New Jersey. Designation of a national estuarine research reserve will provide New Jersey with an opportunity to be a part of the national system. Membership in this national network of reserves will provide better access to information gathered in studying and managing other estuaries around the country, and in turn makes available to other states the information and experiences gained in New Jersey. The purpose of this study is to evaluate several possible sites within the state of New Jersey for possible inclusion in the NERR program. Three major sites were considered: 1) the Mullica River-Great Bay (MRGB) estuary; 2) the Great Egg Harbor River (GEHR) estuary; and 3) the Maurice River (MR) estuary (Figure 1). An evaluation concerning the three possible research reserve sites was conducted using a watershed-based approach. Each reserve study area included the entire river drainage basin plus adjacent basins and coastal areas that were contiguous (i.e. , drained or tidally connected) to the estuary of interest. II. Characteristics of Potential New Jersey NERR Sites A. Characteristics of the Mullica River - Great Bay Estuary One of the areas under consideration is the Mullica River-Great Bay estuarine system located in southern New Jersey. This estuary and its watershed lies entirely within the State of New Jersey (Fig. 2) and drains the central Preservation Area of the Pinelands National Reserve. The Mullica River watershed consists of low-lying coastal plain formations with vegetation adapted to the edaphic drought and fire regimes. Forest types vary from pine-covered uplands to hardwood and Altantic white cedar swamps in the alluviated stream valleys. Although an average of 1000-1200 mm of rain falls in the Mullica River basin, only 5% of the total exits as surface flow into the head of Great Bay. Most 3 Figure 1. NJ NERR Study Areas. NE'V JERSEY of it filters through the highly porous surface strata to discharge into the margins of the estuary as highly acidic ground water flow (pH ::::: 4. 4) (Good and Good, 1984) . Due to the predominantly undeveloped nature of the Mullica River watershed, the water quality of Great Bay is exceptionally good. The Great Bay area is an important center of estuarine research in New Jersey. Rutgers University's Marine Field Station at Tuckerton is located on Great Bay near the inlet to the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, the NJ Department